BG990U1 - Fuels additive for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

The fuels additive, especially for gaseous fuels such as propane-butane and methane, used in internal combustion engines improves the combustion and results in lowering the injurious emission in flue gases. It contains active ingredients dissolved in organic carrier and containing, in vol.%: saturated alcohol or alkyl ester of the carboxylic acid from 5 to 10, higher fatty acids from 10 to 25, complex of surfactants from 5 to 10, including washing component, de-emulsifier and anti-corrosion agent. The organic carrier is hydrocarbon solvent from 55 to 80 vol. %. The saturated alcohol C2-C8 is selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol or their isomer. The alkyl ester of the carboxylic acid can be ethyl or butyl ester of the acetic acid, ethyl ester of the propionic acid or propyl ester of the butanoic acid. The higher fatty acids are carboxylic acids with carbon atoms content in the chain from 12 to 20, as oleinic and/or linolic and/or palmitic acid, and/or stearic acid.

Description

Technical field

The utility model refers to a fuel additive for internal combustion engines that improves combustion and reduces harmful flue gas emissions. In particular, the utility model relates to an additive for gaseous fuels such as propane-butane and methane.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

From US 5,782,936, a liquefied petroleum gas containing petroleum hydrocarbons is known, a mixture of medium petroleum distillates and naphtha, methanol and ethoxylated alkylphenol. The additive may contain a lubricant and an antiplatelet component.

It is also known that when using alternative fuels propane-butane and methane as a fuel in internal combustion engines, the lubricating properties of the fuel are very low, resulting in rapid wear of the engine parts. The use of the known additive does not improve the lubricating properties of propane-butane and methane.

WO 1995/002654 describes a fuel mixture comprising ethanol and / or propanol up to 20%, fatty acid and / or organic ester up to 15% and the rest of the liquid hydrocarbons, in particular diesel. The fuel mixture may further comprise methanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol or mixtures thereof. The diesel fuel additive provides a homogeneous fuel mixture and increases engine power. The disadvantage of this known fuel mixture is the presence of additives in large quantities, which hinders its production on an industrial scale. Diesel fuel cannot be replaced by propane-butane or methane. These fuels are suitable for positive-ignition engines. In addition, the fuel mixture described in WO 1995/002654 has no anti-corrosive and demulsifying properties.

The technical nature of the utility model

The object of the utility model is a fuel additive, in particular for propane-butane and methane, which provides improved lubrication and fuel economy.

The fuel additive for internal combustion engines includes fatty acids and a hydrocarbon solvent, and according to the utility model also contains a saturated alcohol having carbon numbers of C ₂ -C ₈ or a carboxylic acid alkyl ester of 5 to 10 vol. % and a surfactant complex of 5 to 10 vol. %, comprising a detergent, a demulsifier and an anti-corrosion agent, and the fatty acids being higher fatty acids in an amount of 10 to 25% vol. % and the hydrocarbon solvent is from 55 to 80 vol. %.

The saturated alcohol C ₂ -C ₈ may be ethanol, propanol, butanol or an isomer thereof. The carboxylic acid alkyl ester may be acetic acid ethyl or butyl ester, propionic acid ethyl ester or butane acid propyl ester.

Higher fatty acids are carboxylic acids with carbon atoms in the chain from 12 to 20 such as oleic and / or linoleic and / or palmitic and / or stearic acid.

The complex of surfactants includes: detergent, anti-corrosion agent and demulsifier. The detergent and anti-corrosion properties of the additive can be ensured by: naphthalene, propoxylated alcohol (high molecular weight C ₂ -C ₂₀ and propylene oxide compound), such as propoxylated stearyl alcohol and hydrocarbyl amine (high molecular weight carbon- _{3 non} -saturated carbon compound) C ₈ ) and alkylamine (C ₂ -C ₂₀ ), respectively mono- or diamine, for example polyisobutenyl ethylene diamine). The demulsifier may be an alkylaminoester, for example isobugyl aminoester.

The hydrocarbon solvent is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by fractional distillation of oil which boils in the range of 20 to 135 ° C.

The ratio of the additive to the fuel to which it is added is from 1: 800 to 1: 1200 parts by volume. The optimum effect of using the additive is achieved at a ratio of 1: 1000 vol. hours

The saturated alcohol present in the composition of the additive according to the utility model is an enhancer of the combustion process. It improves the homogenization of the fuel / air mixture and diff

990 W the air oxygen limit therein. Characteristic of this enhancer is higher initiation rates, easier formation of peroxides, which at some point in time of depletion of the oxygen fuel mixture, oxidize the unburned particles. This component achieves higher combustion rates, higher pressure on the piston of the cylinder and correspondingly higher power. Saturated alcohols reduce fuel consumption and the amount of CO and unburnt hydrocarbons in flue gases. Alternatives to saturated alcohols enhancers of the combustion process are the carboxylic acid alkyl esters, which have the same effect as saturated alcohols.

Higher fatty acids are a lubricant component of the additive according to the utility model. They form a thin, durable film with very low coefficient of friction and protect the rubbing parts from wear. Good lubricating properties of the fuel lead to a reduction in the amount of energy expended to compensate for the friction forces.

According to the utility model, the fuel additive is multifunctional. The combination of a saturated alcohol or an alkyl ester of a carboxylic acid and higher fatty acids improves the combustion process, resulting in a reduction in fuel consumption of 2 to 6% and of exhaust gases. Vehicle dynamics are improved and engine power is increased. The washing component in the additive according to the utility model cleans the deposits in the evaporators and the combustion chamber and largely prevents their formation. The anti-corrosion agent protects the tanks and parts of the combustion system from the aggressive influence of the corrosion-active combustion products. Compared to the known additives, the required amount of the additive introduced into the fuel according to the utility model is less.

Examples of implementation of the utility model

Example 1. Propane-butane and methane fuel additive containing: propanol - 6 vol. %, oleic and linoleic acid -15 vol. %, a complex of surfactants, with a washing component component, a demulsifier and an anti-corrosion agent (propoxylated stearyl alcohol, naphthalene, isobutyl amino and polyisobutyl polypropyleneamine) - total 8% vol. % and a hydrocarbon solvent - 71% vol. %.

The additive was obtained in a mixer into which 355 l of hydrocarbon solvent was added, to which 301 propanol, 751 oleic and linoleic acids and 40 l of the surfactant complex described above were added. The mixture was homogenized for 30 min to obtain a homogeneous liquid.

The resulting product is added to the fuel at 1000 rpm. hours per million parts of fuel. (For example, 11 from the addition of 10001 propane-butane). The use of the additive achieves 6% fuel savings, lower CO and NO _{X content} and unburnt hydrocarbons in the flue gas and reduces the wear and tear on engine parts.

Example 2. Propane-butane and methane fuel additive containing: ethyl acetate - 5 vol. %, higher fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) 15% vol. %, a surfactant complex consisting of a detergent component, a demulsifier and an anti-corrosion agent (propoxylated stearyl alcohol, naphthalene, isobutyl amino and polyisobutyl polypropyleneamine) - total 8% vol. %, and a hydrocarbon solvent of 72% vol. %. The additive was prepared by the method described in Example 1. The effect of using the additive was the same as in Example 1.

Example 3. Propane-butane and methane fuel additive containing: butanol 8 vol. %, higher fatty acids - oleic and linoleic 20 vol. %, a complex composed of a detergent component, a demulsifier and an anti-corrosion agent, as indicated in Example 1 -10 vol. % and hydrocarbon solvent - 62% vol. %.

The additive was prepared according to the method described in Example 1. As a result of the use of the additive, a 5% fuel saving, a lower CO, NO _{x content} and unburnt hydrocarbons in the flue gas are achieved and the degree of wear of the engine parts is reduced.

Example 4. Propane-butane and methane fuel additive containing: butyl acetate - 6 vol. %, linoleic acid -15 vol. %, a complex consisting of a detergent component, a demulsifier and an anti-corrosion agent, as indicated in Example 1-8 vol. % and hydrocarbon solvent - 71% vol. %. The additive was prepared according to the method described in Example 1. As a result of using the additive, a 5% fuel saving, a lower CO, NO _{X content} and unburnt hydrocarbons in the flue gas are achieved and the degree of wear of the engine parts is reduced .

Claims (6)

Claims A fuel additive for internal combustion engines comprising fatty acids and a hydrocarbon solvent, characterized in that it also contains a saturated alcohol (C ₂ -C ₈ ) or a carboxylic acid alkyl ester of 5 to 10 vol. % and a surfactant complex of 5 to 10 vol. %, comprising a detergent, a demulsifier and an anti-corrosion agent, and the fatty acids being higher fatty acids in an amount of 10 to 25% vol. % and the hydrocarbon solvent is from 55 to 80 vol. %. 2. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the saturated alcohol (C ₂ -C ₈ ) is ethanol or propanol or butanol or an isomer thereof. An additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkyl ester of 5 Carboxylic acid is acetic acid ethyl or butyl ester or propionic acid ethyl ester or butane acid propyl ester. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the higher fatty acids are carboxylic acids of 12 to 20 carbon atoms. 5. The additive according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the carboxylic acids are oleic and / or linoleic and / or palmitic acid. An additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrocarbon solvent is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by fractional distillation of oil which boils in the range from 20 to 135 ° C.