BG67224B1 - Spring-loaded energy accumulator for power commutators of step voltage regulators - Google Patents

Abstract

Two locking pins (15, 16) with tails (17, 18), two mirror-arranged levers (9, 10) and a loading lever (25) are mounted via bearings from bottom to top on a vertical axis (2) mounted on a bearing disk (1). . The two levers (9, 10) have plates (7, 8), between which two rolling bearings (6, 27) are located one below another. The upper bearing (27) is attached to the end of the loading lever (25), and the lower bearing(6) - to one arm of a double-arm switching lever (2). The other arm (14) of the lever (2) interacts with the locking pins (15, 16). The shaft (3) of the lever (2) is connected to the contact system of the power commutator. Between the free ends (21, 22) of the two levers (9, 10) are stretched one or more switching springs (23). The charging of the spring-loaded energy accumulator is done by a toothed gear (39), which performs half-turn of the switch. The toothed gear (39) and the loading lever (25) are connected by a rod (32). The loading lever (25) has two tails (28, 29) with pins (30, 31) which, at a certain rotation of the toothed gear (39), act alternatively on the tails (17, 18), which open the respective locking pin (15, 16). This is how switching happens.

Description

(54) SPRING ENERGY BATTERY FOR POWER STEER VOLTAGE SWITCHES

Field of technology

The invention relates to step voltage regulators, which are built into power transformers and serve to switch deviations from the control winding under load, ie. without interrupting the power supply to consumers. The most important and responsible unit in the step regulators is the power switch, which consists of a contact system, resistors and a spring energy accumulator (PEA). PEA performs abrupt switching of the contact system, thanks to which the resistors are loaded for a short time and have small dimensions and weight.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Several dozen spring energy accumulators (PEAs) are known, which refer to step voltage regulators. Some of them are applied in selected under load and are not suitable for power switches. Only PEAs that have been implemented in known power switches and have been operating for many years will be analyzed here.

A PEA [1] is known, comprising a two-arm lever connected to a switching shaft of a contact system. On one side, the lever is alternately locked in two end positions by two pins mounted on a common axis and fixed by a spring perpendicular to each other. The other end of the lever is connected to one end of two tension-acting switching springs. The second end of the switching springs is connected to the end of a loading lever mounted on the axis of the switching shaft. Both ends of the switching springs are mounted to two T-brackets that slide into each other. This PEA is trapped under the contact system and is driven by a four-star hinge mechanism mounted on the bottom of an oil tank in which the power switch is located.

The disadvantage of this PEA is that it is complex in construction and takes up a lot of space. Another disadvantage is that the two T-shaped carriers slide relative to each other, which leads to friction and wear. Another disadvantage is that the force characteristic of the switching springs is linear and does not provide additional initial force, which would give a large initial speed when starting the contact system.

Such a large initial force is achieved by [2], which is a modification of PEA [1]. An additional spring is mounted in each of the switching springs, by means of a sliding pair, which is tensioned at the end of the charging and increases the force only at the beginning of the switching. The power performance is improved, but all the above disadvantages remain.

Another known design of PEA [3] uses two pressure-acting switching springs. They are mounted coaxially on two parallel axes attached at both ends to a support housing. An upper drive carriage and a lower drive carriage slide on the axles. Coaxially on the axles are located a switching spring, supported at both ends between the sledges. The drive carriage moves axially along the axes of an eccentric washer mounted on a drive shaft. The driven carriage is locked in both end positions by one locking pin. It is connected through a transverse channel and eccentrically

BG 67224 Bl located pin. with the drive shaft of the contact system. The PEA is mounted above the contact system of the power switch.

The disadvantage of this PEA is that it has a relatively complex structure and takes up a lot of space. Another disadvantage is that there is friction between the axles and the sleds, also between the axles and the springs, which work under pressure. Another disadvantage is that there is an unfavorable transmission of the movement from the driven sled to the drive shaft of the contact system, due to which the angle of rotation is limited.

Other modifications of PEA with a similar design principle are known, but no significant improvements have been achieved. PEA from [4] has been practically applied. In this case, the two axes are located one below the other on the side of the drive shaft and the shaft of the contact system. Switching springs mounted coaxially on the axles operate in tension. The drive car and the drive car are located one below the other and slide on the axles. The drive carriage is moved by an eccentric washer, and the drive carriage has a toothed rack which, when shifted, rotates a gear located on the shaft of the contact system. There is also a locking mechanism on the driven sled.

The disadvantages of this PEA are similar to those of other PEAs of this type. Another disadvantage is that the mechanisms are complicated because there is also a cam mechanism that moves the drive shaft of the contact system axially to the upper position and the lower position in two consecutive shifts. This is necessary for power switches with vacuum arc quenching chambers. This construction of PEA requires very precise processing and adjustment. These PEAs do not have high initial strength characteristics.

PEA [5] is also known with a similar principle of action, but with a simplified construction and reduced overall dimensions. It has a housing and two parallel axes mounted to it. Two mirrored sledges slide on them, between the outer ends of which are caught two switching springs, working on tension. There is also a two-arm switch lever, one end of which is connected to a locking mechanism similar to that of [1]. At the other end of the lever there is a bearing located between the inner fronts of the two sledges. The sleds are moved by a lever with a bearing also located above the other bearing between the fronts of the sledges. This lever is driven by a rod mounted eccentrically on a drive pulley. This PEA can be mounted both under the contact system and above the support head of the oil tank.

The disadvantage of this PEA is that there are friction parts that wear out. Very precise workmanship is also required. Another disadvantage is that the replacement of the springs is difficult. Another disadvantage is that there is no force characteristic with additional initial force.

Such a PEA with high initial strength is given in [6]. There are two laterally mounted compression springs. They are alternately tensioned at the end of charging and provide a large initial force for rapid acceleration of the contact system.

The disadvantages of [5] remain with this PEA.

BG 67224 Bl

Technical essence of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a spring energy accumulator (PEA) for power switches of step voltage regulators, which has a simple and compact design. There should be no friction surfaces, and all connections between the elements should be hinged with rolling bearings. Switching springs must be accessible for assembly and disassembly and a spring with a large initial force can be fitted. It should also be possible to change the power characteristic depending on the angle of rotation of the drive shaft of the contact system.

The problem is solved with a spring energy accumulator for power switches for step voltage regulators, containing a two-arm switch lever with a shaft connected to the contact system of a power switch. One arm of the lever interacts with a locking system, and the other arm has a bearing located between two separate elements connected to each other by switching springs. Above the first bearing there is a second bearing mounted at the end of a lever mounted at the other end of an axle. This lever is connected to the charging gear (or washer) by a rod.

According to the invention, two locking pins, two symmetrically arranged levers and a loading lever having a rolling bearing at its free end are mounted on a bottom-mounted axle mounted on a carrier disk. Such a rolling bearing is mounted on one arm of a two-arm shift lever, the other arm of which interacts with the locking thumbs. The two bearings are located between two plates attached to the two symmetrically placed levers. Switching springs are stretched between the outer ends of these two levers. The two locking thumbs have tails, between which a spring is installed, pressing the thumbs to a pin. On the charging lever are mounted arms with pins that interact functionally with the tails of the locking thumbs.

The charging lever is connected to one end of the rod, the other end of which is eccentrically attached to the charging gear. The shaft of this gear is mounted in a sleeve attached to the support disk.

Alternatively, the two-arm shift lever has an extended arm on the bearing side. A nozzle with a cylindrical guide is attached to this shoulder. An axle with a second nozzle with a tube guide is attached to the support disk. A compressed spring is mounted between the two nozzles. Alternatively, several springs operating in parallel can be used.

Another option is when a tension-operated spring is mounted between the elongated arm and the axle by two tips, and several parallel springs could be used.

An advantage of the spring-energy accumulator according to the invention is that it has a simple and compact construction. There are no friction surfaces in it, and all connections between the elements are hinged with rolling bearings. Another advantage is that the switching springs are available for assembly and disassembly, and different combinations of springs can be used. Another advantage is that there are variants in which the power characteristic can be changed depending on the angle of rotation of the drive shaft of the contact system of the power switch.

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Explanation of the attached figures

An exemplary embodiment of the spring-energy accumulator for power switches of step voltage regulators according to the invention is shown in the attached figures, of which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the PEA;

Figure 2 - longitudinal section (AA) through the actuators and actuators;

Figure 3 - longitudinal section (B-B) through the mechanisms, perpendicular to the solution AA;

Figure 4 is a cross-section (C-C) above the switching lever and the locking mechanism;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view above the toggle lever with an additional compressed spring; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view above the switching lever with an additional spring acting on tension.

Examples of the invention

In the middle of the bearing disk 1 is mounted a two-arm switching lever 2, the shaft 3 of which is mounted 4 to the disk 1. On one arm of the lever 2 by an axis 5 is mounted a rolling bearing 6 two symmetrical levers 9 and 10. One ends of the levers 9 and 10 are mounted 11 to a vertical axis 12, riveted to a disk 1 with a tail 13. The tail could be threaded and fastened by a nut, which makes the connection detachable. The other arm 14 of the lever 2 is locked in both end positions by the left locking pin 15 and the right locking pin 16. The two fingers 15 and 16 are mounted at the base of the axis 12. The thumb 15 has a tail 17 and the thumb 16 has a tail 1 8. Between the tails 17 and 1 8 is mounted a spring 19. operating on pressure. Through it, the two fingers 15 and 16 are pressed in a stationary position to the pin 20. Between the free ends 21 and 22 of the levers 8 and 10 is mounted a switching spring 23, working in tension. A block of several springs could also be used, including one providing a large initial force.

At the top of the shaft 12 is mounted 24 a lever 25, at the end of which a bearing 27 is fixed by the shaft 26. The bearing 27 is also located above the bearing 6 between the plates 7 and 8 on both arms 9 and 10. On the other side of the bearing 24 lever 25 has two tails 28 and 29 with vertical pins 30 and 31 attached to them, which alternatively act on the tails 17 and 18. The rotation of lever 25 is done by a rod 32 mounted 33 on one side 34 by an axis 35 to lever 25 and on its other side 36 - mounted 37 by an axis 38 to a drive gear 39. The shaft 40 of the gear 39 is mounted 41 to a sleeve 42 attached to a disk 1.

There are power switches, mainly those with vacuum arc quenching chambers, which have increased resistance moments during the second half of the switching. This leads to an uneven distribution of switching times. In FIG. 5 shows a variant in which part of the driving torque of the PEA is redirected from the first half of the switch to the second half. The switching lever 2 has an elongated arm 43 on the side of the bearing 6. A nozzle 44 with a guide 45 is attached to this arm. A second nozzle 47 with a tubular guide 48 is attached to the axis 46 mounted on the disk 1. installed compressed spring 49. There is also a variant in which several springs operating in parallel pressure can be used.

In some other cases, switching is accelerated during the second half of the movement, which is unacceptable. For such power switches, the construction of FIG. 6. A tension spring 52 is mounted between two nozzles 50 and 51. Several could also be used

BG 67224 Bl parallel springs. Thus, the driving torque can increase during the first half of the movement and decrease during the second.

The operation of the spring energy accumulator is as follows.

Gear 39 makes half a turn in one shift. At both end positions, the shaft 38 at the end 36 of the rod 32 is located either at point a or at point b. This is provided by the drive elements of the gear 39 (or equivalent washer). In this case, the axis 38 must be above point a, whereby lever 10 will be pulled to the right at a slight angular deviation from that shown in FIG. 1. When turning the gear 39 clockwise, first axis 38 reaches point d and plate 8 touches bearing 6. When moving further to the symmetrically located point d, lever 9 starts moving to the left and reaches the position shown with interrupted lines. Spring 23 is tensioned. At this point, the pin 30 presses on the tail 17 and the pin 15 releases the toggle lever 2. The potential energy collected in the spring 23 is released and the contact system of the power switch is switched abruptly. The axis 38 is then established above point b, and the arm 9 undergoes an additional angular displacement. The reverse shift is done in the same way, in this case the axis 38 passes over point d provided that the gear 39 continues to rotate clockwise. When rotated counterclockwise on gear 39, the mode of switching does not change.

Claims (5)

A spring energy accumulator for power switches of step voltage regulators, comprising a two-arm switch lever with a shaft connected to a contact system of a power switch, one arm of the lever interacting with a locking system and the other arm having a bearing located between two separate the element connected to each other by switching springs, above the first bearing there is a second bearing mounted at the end of a lever mounted at the other end of an axle, this lever being connected to a charging gear or pulley by a rod characterized by that two locking pins (15 and 16), two symmetrically arranged levers (9 and 10) and a loading lever (25) with a rolling bearing (27) at the end, such as a bearing and a second bearing (6) attached to one arm of a two-arm shift lever (2) are located between two plates (7 and 8) attached to the two levers (9 and 10) and between the outer ends (21 and 22) of the both levers (9 and 10) are tensioned switches springs (23). Spring energy accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the two locking pins (15 and 16) have tails (17 and 18) between which a spring (19) is mounted, pressing the pins (15 and 16) to a pin. 20), and on the charging lever (25) are mounted arms (28 and 29) with pins (30 and 31), which interact functionally with the tails (17 and 18). Spring energy accumulator according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the charging lever (25) is connected to one end (34) of the rod (32). the other end (36) of which is eccentrically attached to a charging gear (38) with a shaft (40) mounted (41) in a sleeve (42) attached to the support disk (1). Spring energy accumulator according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the two-arm lever (2) has an elongated arm (43) to which a nozzle (44) with a cylindrical guide (45) is attached. a shaft (46) is attached to the support disk (1) with a second nozzle (47) with a tubular guide (48) and a pressure-acting spring (49) is mounted between the two nozzles, and several parallel springs could also be used. Spring energy accumulator according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that a tension-acting spring (52) is mounted between the elongated arm (43) and the shaft (46) by means of two tips (50 and 51). several parallel springs could also be used.