BG65811B1 - Installation producing cold and heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation is used in the refrigeration engineering, in particularly for the heating and air-conditioning of buildings, heat supplying of other heating systems or water heating, as well as for the formation of icing surfaces for skating. It offers the opportunity of the existing refrigeration equipment to be reconstructed, regardless of the fact whether these are devices for direct evaporation, devices using cold water, apparatuses with air cooling or with external reflux coolers. The installation comprises refrigeration machine (1), water recirculation circuit (12), connecting recuperation energy source (2) with the evaporator (8) of the refrigeration machine (1), cold water recirculation circuit (13), connection cooling object (14) with the evaporator (8), heat discharge circuit (15), connecting the cooler (4) of the refrigeration machine (1) with buffer accumulator (3) and with heating system (5), and heat discharge circuit (16), connecting the condenser (10) of the refrigeration machine (1) with reflux cooler (6).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a heating and cooling installation, which is used in refrigeration and in particular for the heating and air-conditioning of buildings, the supply of heat to heating systems or water heating, and the formation of an ice surface for skating.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In refrigeration machines, the refrigerant is known to circulate in a hermetically sealed system consisting of four main units: an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a choke.

From WO 2003/069240 / 21.08.2003, a combined heating and cooling installation is known, which consists of a refrigerant circulation circuit connected via a buffer tank to a heat source circulation circuit and a heat sink circulation circuit. The installation also includes two compensating devices which are interconnected with valves so as to provide control of the circulating thermal mass, in this case water pumped from a geothermal source, and to provide a balance between the heat absorbed by the refrigeration unit for cooling and cooling purposes. the heat consumed by the refrigerating unit. A control unit for selective heat transport in response to the temperature of the feeder and the heat sink is also provided.

In this known installation, existing refrigeration systems, such as direct evaporation units, cold water devices, air-cooled or external refrigeration units, cannot be used in the installation.

A number of other patent documents treat the problem solely to intensify the process of heating - cooling. In particular, EP 0 921 361 relates to cooling and heating of air and heating of water in caravans, according to which the air cooling system includes a refrigerating unit operating on the principle of heat absorption by the medium upon heating, as well as an internal system heat exchange, and the heating system of the water used as a heat source provides heating with a gas boiler.

EP 392 673 AZ relates to a transport refrigeration system containing means for increasing the capacity of the heating cycle. According to the description, the system provides, in addition to the usual compressor, condenser and evaporator, also a battery and a control valve that selectively initiates heating and cooling cycles. The heating capacity is increased by connecting the output of the receiving device to the battery inlet immediately before each heating cycle, keeping the control valve in the cooling position for a predetermined time. This allows an additional amount of liquid coolant to be introduced into the battery at the beginning of the heating cycle, initiated at the end of the predetermined period of time.

According to EP 0 148 062, an additional system of compressors is provided, parallel to the main ones, as well as a plurality of capacitors and evaporators, parallel to the main ones.

The refrigeration unit according to EP 1 262 722 A2 provides for the use of a series of heat exchangers. The heat from the so-called primary heat exchangers is released into the environment, and a second heat exchanger is used to reuse the heat supplied for local heating.

EP 0 309 634 A1 provides for a multi-directional flow of the coolant in association with an environmental energy collector panel for use with the main system.

All the patent documents cited above solve the cooling and heating problem uniquely, namely, they serve either cooling only or heating only as necessary at the time the equipment is operated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to create

65811 Bl heating and cooling installation to ensure the use of existing refrigeration facilities in the installation, and the refrigeration facility to be able to operate as a heat pump as necessary.

This task is accomplished by a heating and cooling installation comprising at least one refrigerating machine comprising a sequentially coupled evaporator, compressor, cooler, condenser and control valve forming a refrigerant circulation circuit, as well as a renewable energy source and a buffer tank, such that the evaporator is connected via a circulating circuit of a heat source to the renewable energy source and through a circulation circuit of cold water with a cooled object, and the cooler and the condenser are connected directly or through the buffer a tank with circulation circuits for heat removal to at least one heated object.

In one embodiment of the invention, the renewable energy source is solar absorbers.

In another embodiment, the renewable energy source is a geothermal source such as thermal water, earth's crust heat, and the like.

The cooled object included in the cold water circulation circuit is an artificial ice skating surface located on an absorbent surface.

In one embodiment of the invention, the absorbent surface of the cooled object included in the cold water circulation circuit is provided with one or more additional renewable energy sources to be used as heat sources when no icy surface of the site is required. Heating objects connected to the heat sink and cooler condenser circuits are heating systems, water heaters, fluid preheaters and materials.

The resulting waste heat from the cooler and condenser of the refrigerating machine can be used directly in a ventilation system to heat fresh air.

The installation according to the invention may include two or more refrigerators connected to at least one energy source and / or to one or more heating and / or cooling circuits.

The advantages of the installation according to the invention are that the existing refrigeration facilities can be converted regardless of whether they are direct evaporation devices, cold water devices, air-cooled appliances or external refrigeration units. In addition, the heating and cooling system according to the invention enables the energy to be generated from fully renewable energy sources and to reduce harmful emissions. In this way, conventional heating systems can be restricted to use for warming up or completely fall off. The installation can also work as a heat pump if necessary.

Explanation of the annexed figures

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating / cooling system using one refrigerator;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating / cooling system using two refrigerators;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of heat / artificial ice production using a single refrigerating machine;

Figure 4 - Schematic diagram of heat / artificial ice production is the use of two refrigerators.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments without limitation.

Example 1. Heating / cooling installation using one refrigerator.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heating / cooling installation using a single refrigerating machine, comprising: a refrigerant circulation circuit representing a refrigerating machine 1 in which an evaporator 8, a compressor 9, a cooler 4, a condenser 10 and a control valve are connected in series. 11; water circulation circuit 12 connecting the renewable energy source 2 to the evaporator 8 of the refrigerator 1 through electromagnetic valves

65811 Bl or A1 / A2; cold water circulation circuit 13 connecting the cooled object 14 to the evaporator 8 of the refrigerator 1 through solenoid valves K1 / K2; heat sink 15 from cooler 4 to buffer tank 3 with heating system 5; a heat sink 16 of the condenser 10 connected via solenoid valves U3 / U4 with a reflux condenser 6 and through solenoid valves U1 / U2 with the buffer tank 3.

When the refrigeration machine 1 is used for cooling, it is switched by the solenoid valves A1 / A2 and K1 / K2, closed in the opposite direction, and the waste heat through the buffer tank 3 is used for heating purposes. The hot gas is cooled with the cooler 4 and this high temperature heat flow is fed to the buffer tank 3.

The heat energy is redirected according to the target through the solenoid valves MV1 / MV2 and MV3 / MV4, closed in the opposite direction. When no cooling is required, the refrigeration machine 1 is switched to the renewable energy source 2 by means of the solenoid valves A1 / A2 and K1 / K2 and begins to function as a heat pump. The resulting heat is used through the buffer tank 3 to heat the building 5, for example, to pre-heat the fresh air flow into the ventilation equipment, to supply another heating system 5, or to heat domestic water.

In case of excessive heat supply from the refrigerator (heat pump) 1 to the heating system 5, the switch to the reflux condenser 6 also takes place with the solenoid valves U1 / U2 and U3 / U4, which are also closed in the opposite direction.

Example 2. Heating / Cooling Installation Using Refrigerated Machines.

The installation is illustrated in Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of a heating / cooling system using two refrigerators 1a and 16.

The elements of the installation are as in Example 1 with the exception that the refrigerators 1a and 16 are connected to a renewable energy source 2, respectively, to cold water circulation circuits 13a and 136.

When two refrigerators 1a and 16 are used, they are connected to a renewable energy source, such as a solar absorber 2, and are included in the cold water circulation circuit of the refrigerators 1a and 16. The switching is done for each refrigerating machine (heat pump) separately. with the solenoid valves A1 / A2 and K1 / K2 closed in the opposite direction and if used for cooling then the waste heat through buffer tank 3 is used for heating purposes. The hot gas is cooled through the cooler 4 and this high-temperature heat input is fed to the buffer tank 3. When cooling is not required, the refrigerating machines are switched to a renewable energy source 2 and used as a heat pump. The resulting heat is used through the buffer tank 3 for heating buildings, for example, for preheating of fresh air in ventilation installations or for supplying another heating system, or for heating domestic water. The heat is switched on as desired by means of solenoid valves closed in opposite directions.

In the case of excessive supply of heat from the refrigerating machines (heat pumps) 1a and 16 to the heating system 5, switching to one or more refrigeration units 6 is made through the solenoid valves U1 / U2 and U3 / U4.

Example 3. Installation for heating / producing artificial ice using one refrigerator.

The installation for heating / receiving artificial ice is illustrated in Figure 3. The elements of the installation are the same as in Example 1 except that the ice site is provided with an additional renewable energy source representing the absorbing surface of the ice site and connected to the circulation circuit. 12.

An absorber field 2a is connected to the refrigeration machine 1 by a cold water circulation circuit 13 and 12a (for example solar or air convector energy from solar absorbers) in case of non-use of the ice platform. The cold water circulation of the refrigerating machine 1 may optionally include one or more additional refrigerators.

65811 Bl renewable energy sources. The switching is done with solenoid valves A1 / A2 and K1 / K2 closed in the opposite direction.

When the refrigeration machine 1 is used for cooling, the waste heat through the buffer tank 3 is used for heating purposes through the cooler 4, and this heat output from the high temperature level is fed to the buffer tank 3.

In cases where cooling is not required, the absorbing field of the artificial ice surface and / or the additional renewable energy source 2 and the refrigeration machine 1 act as a heat pump. The resulting heat is used through the buffer tank 3 for heating buildings, for example, for preheating of fresh air in ventilation installations or for supplying another heating system 5 or for heating domestic water. If necessary, the heat is diverted through the solenoid valves MV1 / MV2 and MV3 / MV4 into the heating system 5.

In case of excessive heat supply from the refrigerator (heat pump) 1 to the heating system 5, through the solenoid valves U1 / U2 and U3 / U4, it is redirected to the reflux condenser 6.

Example 4. Installation for obtaining heat / artificial ice using several refrigerators.

The installation for producing heat / artificial ice using two refrigerators is illustrated in Figure 4. The elements of the installation are the same as in Example 2.

In this example, the associated absorption fields are used as artificial ice surfaces, which, when not used, act as absorbers 2a for renewable energy sources (eg solar absorbers). One or more renewable energy sources may optionally be included in the cold water circulation circuit of the refrigerator 1. The switching for each refrigerating machine (heat pump) is done separately with the solenoid valves A1 / A2 and K1 / K2 closed in the opposite direction.

When one, several or all of our refrigerators are used for cooling, the waste heat is used for heating purposes through the buffer tank 3, and through the cooler 4 the hot gas is cooled and the heat output from the high temperature level is fed to the buffer accumulator 3. The absorbent surface can be used as a renewable energy source from one or several refrigeration machines (heat pumps) and / or to include other renewable energy sources 2.

When no cooling is required, the absorption field of the artificial ice surface and / or the additional renewable energy source to which the switch is made is used as the energy source and the refrigerating machine is then used as a heat pump. The resulting heat through the buffer battery 3 is used to heat buildings, for example, to pre-heat the air flow from ventilation devices or to supply it to another heating system or to heat water. The heat is switched on by means of solenoid valves as desired.

In case of excessive supply of heat from the refrigerating machines (heat pumps) 1 to the heating system 5, it is redirected to the reflux condenser via the solenoid valves U1 / U2 and U3 / U4.

The scheme may include more than two refrigerators.

Claims (8)

Claims 1. A heating and cooling installation comprising at least one refrigerating machine comprising a sequentially coupled evaporator, compressor, cooler, condenser and control valve forming a refrigerant circulation circuit, as well as a renewable energy source and a buffer tank, characterized in that the evaporator (8) is connected via a circulation circuit of a heat source (12) to the renewable energy source (2) and through a circulation circuit of cold water (13) to a cooled object (14), and the cooler (4) and the condenser (10) are connected directly or by means of a buffer tank (3) with circulation circuits for heat removal (15, 16) to at least one 65811 Bl roaring object (5, 6). Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the renewable energy source (2) is a solar absorber. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the renewable energy source (2) is a geothermal source. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooled object (14) included in the cold water circulation circuit (13) is an artificial ice skating surface located on an absorbent surface. Installation according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the absorbent surface of the cooled object (14) included in the cold water circulation circuit (13) is provided with one or more additional renewable energy sources (2a). Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the heated objects connected to the heat dissipation circuits (15,16) by the cooler (4) and the condenser (10) are 5 casting systems (5), water heaters, fluid preheaters and materials. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste heat generated from the cooler (4) and the condenser (10) of the refrigerating machine (1) is used directly in a fresh air heating system. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two or more refrigerating machines (1a, 16) connected to at least one energy source (2,2a) and / or to one or more heating and / or cooling circulation circuits .