BG61776B1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine which is of turbo-compressor type with directinjection of the fuel in the cylinders includes a cylinder block(1) with double-action pistons (27) connected to a crankshaftmechanism fitted in the engine body. In the middle of thecylinders there is at least one discharge hole (6) connected by adischarge canal (7) and manifold (8) to a turbocompressor (10).Each cylinder is closed on both sides by an upper (4) and a lower(5) head having a central hole (16), pistons (27) being hollow andfixed by their upper fronts to central coaxial tubular airducts(28) and by their lower fronts to hollow piston rods (29) fittedin the central holes (16) of heads (4,5). To airducts (28) androds (29) there are blowing holes (31) mounted at distances fromthe fronts of pistons (27) equal to their travel. In the hollow ofevery piston (27) there is a fixed thin-wall body (32) forintensive cooling of piston (27). The upper heads (4) of cylinders(2) are airtight closed by cover (13) the inner space of which isconnected by delivery tube (14) of turbocompressor (10).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, and in particular to a turbocharged engine with direct fuel injection into its cylinders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Gasoline and diesel piston machines are known,

operating as two-stroke internal combustion engines. Their cylinders, one, two (or more in block) are connected in a fixed axial or angular fashion to the bodies of the motors and are sealed at their outer ends with separate or common heads. Each head is fitted with one or two spark plugs for gasoline or a fuel injection nozzle for a diesel engine. Each cylinder has exhaust and blow holes in its walls. For a gasoline engine, there is a third hole connecting the engine crankcase through the carburetor to the atmosphere. Pistons with sealing segments are mounted inside the cylinders. The pistons through a piston bolt are connected to a reel and the last to a crankshaft, which is mounted on main bearings in the body of the engine.

When moving in cylinders, the pistons carry out the gas-distributing processes in the engines, from the lower to the upper dead point they simultaneously execute the "exhaust gas", "purge" and "compression" cycles (after closing the outlets in the cylinders to their upper dead point ). In the case of a gasoline engine, shortly before the piston reaches its upper dead point, its lower edge connects the crankcase in which the space has been evacuated, through the carburetor to the atmosphere, and a fuel mixture is formed in the crankcase. Shortly before their pistons reach their upper dead point, a spark plug from the spark plug is introduced into the cylinder compression chambers of the gasoline engine, which ignites the compressed fuel mixture, and a high pressure fuel is supplied to the diesel engine from the fuel injection nozzle, which also receives high pressure. ignites.

A "working" stroke begins in the cylinder, in which the high pressure gases push the piston from the top to the bottom dead point. After about two-thirds of its stroke, the piston, through its upper front edge, detects the outlet openings of the cylinder and the gases with a pressure of about three bars leave it, whereby the "exhaust gas" stroke is performed. Shortly after the start of the "exhaust gas" stroke, the upper front edge of the piston detects the purge sections of the cylinder connected through the crankcase, and the stroke, "purge" of the cylinder with the air in the diesel engine or with the engine begins to take place. a fresh fuel mixture in a gasoline engine compressed into the crankcase by a piston as it moves from the upper to the lower dead point after closing the opening connecting the carburetor to the crankcase from its lower edge. Crankshaft "purge air or fresh combustion" and "exhaust gas" cycles run until the piston closes the vent holes in the cylinder wall when moving from lower to upper dead point. It then also closes the exhaust vents, terminates the "exhaust gas" cycle and begins the "compression" cycle of the fuel mixture or air to an upper dead point.

For two-stroke engines, the efficiency is low due to the inability to completely blow the intrinsic cylinder space out of the exhaust

11¾ ^ ¾¾ ^ Ί f HiiiOT gases u the inability to be filled is air or fresh fuel mixture because the exhaust gas and air (or fresh fuel mixture) gas flows are reciprocal and partially mixed. In this case, the space above the outlet openings is a dead zone, unblown and unfilled.

In all piston two-stroke and four-stroke engines there is internal combustion using a crank mechanism, constructively the gas and inertial forces in all phases of the distribution process load the pistons, piston bolt, cranks and crankshaft so that the forces are generated in them, the cylinders make them elliptical. After several hundred working hours, due to the increase in the gap between the pistons and the cylinders due to their mutual wear, the degree of pre-compression and the gas pressure in the cylinder stroke begins to decrease. The coefficient, efficiency and power of the engine decrease in proportion to this wear, and its environmental performance deteriorates - it begins to smoke from burning oil in the cylinders.

It is an object of the invention to provide an internal combustion engine turbocharged with direct injection of fuel into its cylinders, higher liter power, higher efficiency and non-wearable elliptical cylinders, pistons and segments.

TECHNICAL NATURE

According to the invention, the problem is solved by having at least one exhaust outlet in the middle of each cylinder housed in a cylinder block connected through a discharge channel in its wall to a collector common to all cylinders. The manifold is connected to the turbocharger inlet. Each cylinder is closed two-sided hermetically with upper and lower heads, having central axial openings with the cylinders. Inside the cylinders are hollow double acting pistons connected through their upper faces by central coaxial tubular ducts and through their lower faces by hollow piston rods. The coaxial hollow ducts and piston rods are located in the central openings of the upper and lower heads, with vent holes in their walls, located at the piston ends at a distance equal to their travel. In the cavity of the twin-acting pistons made of two parts are housed hollow thin-walled bodies to provide intensive cooling of the foreheads and walls of the pistons from the air passing through them. The upper heads are hermetically sealed with a lid whose inner space is connected to the turbocharger discharge pipe. In the diesel engine version, top and bottom heads are fitted with spark plugs and fuel injectors for supplying high pressure fuel into the cylinder compression chambers. In the gasoline version, electric spark plugs are installed in the upper and lower heads to ignite the compressed fuel mixture. It can be created in the traditional way by a carburettor mounted on the suction (or discharge) line of the turbocharger or by direct injection of low pressure (injection) fuel into the air by the fuel nozzle cylinders fitted thereto.

The twin-acting pistons, ducts and piston rods thereto are sealed to the cylinders and center openings by means of at least two segments arranged in a single channel.

The hollow thin-walled bodies housed inside the cavity of the twin-acting pistons are connected to their foreheads by thin-walled tails provided with openings for connecting the cavity of the pistons to the inner openings in the ducts and piston rods.

The piston rods are connected in a circular manner to the crank: a mechanism mounted in the body of the engine. The engine body is fixedly connected to the lower heads of the cylinder block.

Cylinders, pistons, piston rods and ducts shall not be forced by the engine oil system. When the sealing segments of the double acting pistons, piston rods and ducts are made of metallographic self-lubricating material, the injected fuel and the soot formed during its combustion inside the cylinders are used as lubricant. When the sealing segments are made of metal, then it is necessary to add a very low concentration of oil to the injected fuel.

As already stated, the faces and walls of the twin pistons, as well as the heads on the inside, are exerted very intense heat. Their cooling is effected by the fresh air required for the combustion process, which passes through them and blows the upper and lower halves of the cylinders.

Exhaust Manifold Gases Rotate the turbocharger turbocharger.

The invention has the following advantages:

The twin-cylinder engine is a two-stroke turbocharged engine with direct injection of 2 rpm under high (or low) pressure 6 cylinders and, in terms of power, it can be compared with a similar diesel or gasoline four-cylinder or four-cylinder and piston stroke and revs.

The total mass, mass of the moving parts of the engine and their inertial forces have been reduced many times.

It lacks the complex gas distribution mechanism with its propulsion, lubrication, inertial forces, compaction, friction, wear and regulation, which simplifies construction.

The protobokoba forced-gas exchange circuit provides complete purging and filling of the cylinders with fresh air, which improves the combustion process of the engine and increases its liter output.

The special inertial forces of the straight-moving pistons, piston rods and air are completely enriched by the counteraction of the gas forces of compression of the air in the other half of the cylinder in which they move, thus making them useful.

Cylinders, pistons, piston rods and air do not wear out elliptically due to the lack of forces that force them as they move to each other, and therefore the piston machine will not change its power after a long period of operation.

The engine will be more environmentally friendly because the fuel will burn under excess air in the exhaust manifold.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND EXAMPLES OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated by the aid of the accompanying Figure 1, which is a full longitudinal vertical section along the axis of a two-cylinder, single-cylinder, direct-injection internal combustion turbocharged engine.

Figure 3 shows a gasoline variant; with injection Injection of low-pressure fuel into its cylinders.

According to the invention, the problem is solved by having two coaxial cylinders 2 fixed to the two parallel walls of a cylinder block 1 with 6 adjacent to it, fixedly connected by a screw connection and sealing gaskets 3 upper 4 and lower heads 5. The cylinders 2 which can be with or without water cooling, with or without an internal cylinder sleeve, in this case are shown with water cooling and without a cylinder sleeve.

Cylinders 2 have, in the middle of their surrounding walls, one, two or three exhaust outlets 6 that are common and inflate the upper and lower inner cylindrical spaces of the cylinders 2 through the exhaust ducts 7 formed in their walls with the common one! manifold 8 and through it to the Inlet of the turbine compressor 10 of the turbocharger 10. The outlet of the turbine 9 is connected by an exhaust system 11 to the atmosphere.

Here, the lower head 5 of the cylinder block 1 is made as part of the body 12 of the engine. An upper sealing cap 13 is attached to the upper head 4, which is connected to the outlet of the discharge turbine 15 of the turbocharger 10 through a tube collector 14, which is mounted on one axis with its working turbine 9.

The upper 4 and lower chapters 5 are aligned with the cylinders 2 of the central openings 16 in their walls connected to their cylindrical work spaces. The central openings 16 in Chapters 4 and 5 (from to cylinders 2) have two coaxial cylindrical sockets 17 with a smaller diameter and 18 with a larger diameter. Sockets larger in diameter 18 have zigzag channels 19 in their surrounding wall. Two (or more) sheared metal or metallographic inwardly sealing segments 20 are mounted in the inner sockets 17, restrained against axial displacement from the front wall of the inner socket 17 in one direction. In the other direction, they are limited by grinding wheel washers 21 mounted in larger sockets 18. The washers 21 are limited against axial displacement by the clamping rings 22 mounted in the grooves 19 of the sockets 18. Near their central openings 16, in the wall of each chapter 4 and 5, there are openings 23 and 25 connected to the intrinsic spaces of each cylinder 2 In the first embodiment, according to FIG. FIG. 1, a fixed electric glow plug 24 is mounted in one opening 23 and a fuel nozzle 26 connected in the opening 25 connected by a high-pressure fuel pump pump to the fuel being expelled from it. In the second embodiment of FIG. 2, two spark plugs 24 are mounted in the two openings 23 in the chapters 4 and 5, and the injection fuel nozzles 26 attach the openings 25 to the cylinders 2 (closer to the exhaust ducts 7).

Inside each of the cylinders 2 is mounted coaxially movable one hollow double acting piston 27 (hereinafter referred to as only pistons 27), provided in their upper faces with central coaxial thin-walled ducts 28. These are housed in the central openings 16, with sockets their 17 and 18, the segments 20 and the washers 21 of the upper heads 4. The lower ends of the pistons 27 are fixedly connected to the central coaxial piston rods 29.

They have central blind openings 30 connected to the cavities in the pistons 27 and are housed in the central openings 16, their sockets 17 and 18, the segments 20 and the washers 21 in the lower heads 5. At a distance equal to the stroke of the pistons 27 in the cylinders 2, measured from their foreheads, there are purge openings in the walls of the ducts 28 and the piston rods 29. Inside the pistons 27 (made of two parts then connected fixedly to each other), coaxially hollow thin-walled hollows of smaller diameter are mounted and length of bodies 32. Thin-walled bodies 32 intended e improve the cooling of the pistons 27, are connected internally to their foreheads by central coaxial thin-walled tubular tails 33. Within the walls of these thin-walled tails 33 there are openings 34 connecting the cavity between the piston heads 27 and the bodies 32 with the cavity in the ducts 28 and the blind openings 30 in the piston rods 29. The outer walls of the pistons 27 have outer grooves 35 near their foreheads. In each channel 35, with grinding front walls, there are two (or more) cut metal (or metallographic) sealing segments 36 mounted on them. Segments 36 are grinded externally and face.

The free ends of the two piston rods 29 are connected to the circular heads 37, which are mounted in alignment with the cylinders 2 of the openings 38 in the body 12 of the engine. The circular heads 37 are pivotally connected to the upper hubs 39 of the cranks 40 of the crank mechanism by means of cross bolts 41 through the mounting holes 42 in the engine body 12. After mounting the cross-head screws 41 and the restraining spherical rings 43, the openings 42 are sealed by the caps 44 and their seals 45. The piston rods 29 may also be connected to another transversely rectilinear reciprocating mechanism.

The oil system provides lubrication of the bearing assemblies through the grooves in the crankshaft 46, the cranks 40 and the crossblades 37 with the pressure oil supplied by the oil pump 48> sucked from the crankcase 47 of the engine.

Cylinders 2, pistons 27, piston rods 29 and ducts 28 are not lubricated by the engine oil system. The role of the additional lubricant (when the sealing segments 20 and 36 are made of metallographic self-lubricating material) is played by the fuel injected and the soot formed during its combustion inside the cylinders 2. When the sealing rings 20 and 36 are metal then it is required to be injected. Add fuel at a very low oil concentration or oil the air after the turbocharger 10. The two pistons 27 are loaded very intensely, which requires their foreheads and walls to be cooled. What has been mentioned is forced inwardly through the air flow, purging and supplying the lower cylinders of the two cylinders 2. The air passes through the ducts 28, and through the openings 34 enters the cavity between the pistons 27 and the bodies 32, passes through the others. openings 34 and falls into the deaf openings 30 and passing through the purging openings 31 in the piston rods 29 enters the lower intrinsic spaces of the two cylinders 2, blowing and cooling at the same time the faces and walls of the pistons 27 and h. Ls of the lower heads 5 inside. The air supplying the upper cylindrical workspaces of the cylinders 2 enters them through the ducts 28, blowing inwards and cooling the foreheads of the upper heads 4.

APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The engine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 works as follows.

The crankshaft 46 of the engine rotates in its direction of rotation from the starter. It rotates the lower one: the end of the reels 40 and pushes straight forward and backwards the upper end, which is connected by means of cross-head screws 41 with cross-head 37 and through them with piston rods 29. Cross-head 37, piston rods 29 and associated pistons 27 and air ducts 28 move in a linear, reciprocating manner in their openings 38, 16 and the cylinders 2 in which they are housed. With always reciprocating movement of the pistons 27 in the cylinders 2, each forehead performs a two-stroke gas distribution mode. When the upper or respectively lower dead point of the two pistons 27 is reached simultaneously, a portion of fuel is fed into the compression and superheated air into the compression chambers of the cylinders 2 at the same time and a "working" stroke begins in the fuel nozzles 26 in chapters 4 and 5. The "exhaust gas" cycle takes place simultaneously in the two cylinders 2 at the opening of the common exhaust openings 6 from the foreheads of the two pistons 27. The "purge and fill with fresh air" cycle - according to a direct flow scheme of forced gas exchange, takes place during the cycle "Exhaust gas" but starts a little later and ends a little earlier than it when the vent holes 31 of the ducts 28 and of the piston rods 29 fall simultaneously into the cylinders of the two cylinders. The processes of the processes (cycles) in the two cylinders 2 take place simultaneously in the upper one and the lower half of the other and vice versa after completion of the "exhaust gas" cycle in them, until the upper and lower dead points of their pistons are simultaneously reached. 27. The exhaust gases through the exhaust ports 6, the exhaust ducts 7 and the exhaust manifold 8 enter and rotate the working 9 and the pressure turbine 15 of the turbocharger 10.

In the gasoline v Variant shown in Figure 2, the fuel is fed directly to the 6 cylinders 2 of the fuel injector nozzles 26 at the moment of the start of the "air compression" cycle into each internal cylinder space.

Claims (7)

Patent Claims 1. Internal combustion engine, direct-injection turbocharged engine, includes, a cylinder block containing double-acting pistons connected to a crank mechanism, placed in the body of the engine, characterized in that in the middle of the cylinders (2) have at least one exhaust port (6) connected via an exhaust duct (7) and a manifold (8) to the turbocharger (10), each cylinder (2) being sealed bilaterally with the upper (4) and lower (5) a head having a central opening (16) and the double acting pistons (27) are hollow and fixed through their upper faces with central coaxial tubular ducts (28) and through their lower faces with hollow piston rods (29) placed in the central openings (16) of the heads (4,5), such as to the ducts ( 28) and the hollow piston rods (29) are provided blow holes (31) disposed from the piston heads (27) at a distance equal to their travel, in which the cavity contains a fixed hollow thin-wall body (32) for intensive cooling of the piston (32). 27) and the upper heads (4) of the cylinders (2) are hermetically sealed with a lid (13) whose inner pro strand is connected to the turbocharger inflator (14) (10). The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the high pressure fuel is injected, the fuel nozzles (26) and the spark plugs (24) are mounted on the engine heads (4 and 5). The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, at low pressure fuel injection, the fuel nozzles (26) are mounted on the cylinders (2). The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the double acting pistons (27), the ducts (28) to them and their piston rods (29) are sealed in the cylinders (2) and the central openings (16) by at least two segments (36) and (20) arranged in one channel (35) and (17). 5. The ICE according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow thin-walled bodies (32) housed in two-acting double acting pistons (27) are connected to the foreheads by means of thin-walled tails (3) provided with openings (34). ) to connect the cavity of the piston (27) to the ducts (28), respectively the deaf opening (30) in the piston rod (29). 6. The ICE according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston rods (29) are connected by means of a crosshead (37) to be a crank mechanism. The engine according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the piston rods (29) are directly connected to a mechanism for converting their linearly reciprocally reciprocating motion into rotary (or vice versa). Attachment: 2 figures