BG61775B1 - Method for opencast mining of solid ores and minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

By the method, costs of blast materials are reduced andfacilities are created for optimum energy saturation of the rockmassif thus avoiding the inclusion of sterile zones in the contourof the field of blasting. By the method, the contour of the fieldof blasting is determined and it is divided in at least twosectors of blasting (2 & 10), each of which contains at least oneblast-hole line (4 & 11). The positioning of the blast holes inthe lines is made in such a way that the distance between thefront (11) and rear (12) drilled line is 1,31 times greater thanthe distance a1 between the border contour (3) and the curvilinearblast-hole line (4). After the blast-holes are determined, theyare drilled at a slope of 75° from the horizontal line. Theirfactual parameters are measured, the quantity of blast materialsis calculated, the blast-holes are charged with the explosive anda tamping is placed. In the direction from the end to the interiorof the field of blasting, first of all the blast-holes of thecurvilinear sector (2) are blasted by different time feeding theblast pulse to the charges, and then - the blast-holes positionedat least in one drilling line from the rectalinear sector(10).

Description

The invention relates to a method for the open pit mining of solid minerals, and in particular for the open pit mining of minerals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is a known method for the open pit development of solid minerals, including the development of a qualitative plan for the development of minerals, i. outlining the explosive field and dividing it into at least one straight and one curved section, each containing at least one drilling row with wells located therein. The boreholes are drilled inclined to the horizontal line, then charged with an explosive and exploded. The blasted rock due to the blast is extracted with excavators, loaded on vehicles and transported within the open pit / 1 /.

Technical nature

The method of opencast mining involves contouring the blasting field, dividing it into at least one straight and one curved section, each containing at least one well with wells located therein. The latter are drilled at an incline relative to the horizontal line, then charged with an explosive and exploded. According to the invention, the location of the boreholes in the boreholes is such that the distance between the front and rear rows a is 1,051.35 times greater than the distance between the on-board contour and the curvilinear well a. _{D The} distance between the boreholes in the curvilinear line bj is equal to the distance b between boreholes located in the front and back rows of the straight section, with the slope below which the boreholes are drilled from the horizontal line from 65 ° to 90 °. After drilling, the actual parameters are measured - the distance between the wells and between the wells and the depth of the wells, after which the amount of explosive materials is recalculated and the wells filled with explosives, the length being inserted into them. equal to 0.75-0.95 from the line of least resistance. The blasting is effected by the simultaneous application of a blast impulse to the charges, first in the wells of the curved section and then in those located at least in one row of the rectilinear section.

The invention may also be explained by another embodiment in which a posterior curvilinear portion is located on the opposite side of the curvilinear section, behind the rectilinear section.

In another embodiment, at least one curved section is formed in the lateral sides of the explosive field.

In a further embodiment, at least one intermediate portion is formed between the anterior curvilinear section and the rectilinear section.

In another non-lasting embodiment, the distance b between the wells in the curvilinear line is less than the distance b between the wells located in the other wells.

The advantages of the invention lie in the fact that the consumption of explosive materials is reduced because after the drilling of the explosive wells according to the initially set parameters, the amount of explosive materials is recalculated based on the actual parameters obtained. This is due to geological, technological and technological reasons (displacement of some of the wells), which allows for optimal energy saturation of the rock mass, and this leads to an adjustable fragmentation of the rock fragments array to sizes suitable for loading, transport and post-processing. At the same time, with the placement of the boreholes in a straight section, the curvature of the contour aboard the foot of the working horizon is reduced. By positioning the wells in curved sections behind the straight line, the inclusion of sterile areas in the contour of the explosion field is avoided. It also makes it possible to replace conventional explosives (obtained from blasting plants) with mobile dispersed blends in place at their site of use (water-blasting blends and petroleum-nitrite blends), which increases the service life of mining mechanization and improving mining operations for minerals.

Examples of implementation

The invention is explained in more detail by way of exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, of which:

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the location of wells with a single curved section in the explosion field;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the location of wells with more than one curved section. FIG.

The method is carried out by means of a scheme (Fig. 1) in which the explosive field 1 is composed of a front curved section 2 formed from the line 3 to the interior of the explosive field 1. Eleven wells are placed in the curved section 2 in a single curved line 4, which is an identical curve on the airframe

3. Behind the two ends of the curvilinear section 2 are left 5 and right 6 intermediate sections, with left front 5 having a left front intermediate well 7 in which there are two wells and a left rear intermediate well 8 in which they are located three wells. In the right intermediate section 6, also in two drilling rows, two wells are located, behind the intermediate sections 5 and 6 and behind the middle part 9 of the front curvature, one rectangular section 10 is formed in one section 2, which contains the front 11 and the rear 12 drilling rows, which are parallel to each other and which contain eleven drilling units.

The distance a between the front 11 and the rear 12 borehole is 1.31 times greater than the distance a, between the onboard circuit 3 and the curvilinear line 4, and the distance b, between the boreholes in the curvilinear row 4 is equal to the distance b between the boreholes located in the drilling rows 11 and 12 of the straight section 10. After drilling in the blast box 1, drill a slope of 75 ° to the horizontal line, and then measure the distance between the drill holes, the distance between the drill rows and the depth of the drill holes. On the basis of the actual parameters, the amount of explosive materials for each well is calculated, after which they are charged and a lug with a length equal to 0.85 of the line of least resistance is inserted.

The charges are detonated simultaneously, depending on the desired direction of rejection of the blasting mass and in sequence - first, the drilling line 4 from the curved section 2, then those from the intermediate sections 5 and 6, and subsequently the drilling from the rectilinear section 10.

The exemplary embodiment is illustrated by a table giving the burst parameters for carrying out the scheme shown in FIG. 1, where the wells are numbered from 20 to 61, and the calculations can also be performed with an electronic computer.

BLAST-BLASTING PARAMETERS

Z o ¹ 0 3 X D " I 3 about -— + - Explosive substance. for well J Length on the charge Qob; kg! Qoch kg 1 1 Qrop J kg! I I I I I X I ι ο ε ι I 0 I I _) I I I Lrop m 1 1 1 1 r ~ 1 3 CD 1'3 ; 20 J 21-8! 24.7! 704.1; 492.9 1 1 211.2} 10.6 i 4.5 1 2.5 J 2120.5; 23. 3; 629.4! 440.6 1 1 188.8; 9.4 * 4.0 ! 2.7 I 22! 17.8] 20.5 * 394.9! 276.4 1 118.5 J 5.9 J 2.5 1 5.0 ! 23'28.b; 31.7; 942.8 J 660.0 ; 282.8 J 14.2: 6.1 ! 4.4 24; 23.o; 25.91 644.5! 451.2 1 1 193.4! 9-7! 4.1 ! 5.0 : 18.8! 21.6! 463.7 ί 324.6 1 1 139.1 The score is now 7-0 3.0 ! 4.6 Stk #: 26; 17.6! 20.3! 588.4! 411.9 1 1 176.5 I 8.8. ! 3.8 1 0.6 ! 27; 9.1 21 .9! 458.7 { 321.1 1 1 137.6! 6.9! 3.0 5 5.0 ', 28! 18.9J 21 .71 448.9! 314.2 1 134.7! 6.7; 2.9 ! 5.0 ! 29 J 37.4; 40.8! 1341.0; 938.7 I 402.3 J 20.1 I 8.6 '5.0 ! 30; 27.4 ' 30.51 877.9 J 614.5 1 1 263.4 · 13.2! 5.6 ; 4.6 ; 31! 19.9 [ 22.7 1 694.8; 486.3 1 1 208.4! 10.4! 4.5 ! 0.7 ; 32; 20.2: 23.11 617.8; 432.5 1 1 185.4! 9.3! 4.0 : 2.7 Ϊ33 ί17.6! 20.4! 472.2 I 330.5 1 1 141.7! 7.1: 3.0 ! 3.2 ! 34! 20.7! 23.6 1 581.7; 407.2 1 1 174.5 J 8.7; 3.7 ! 4.0 ! 35! 20.9j 23.81 633.6! 443.5 1 I 190.1! 9.5! 4.1 1 3.1 ; Sat: 18.0! 20.7 1 603.5 I 422.5 I 1 181.1! 9.1! 3.9 ! 0.7 Stk #: 37; 22.3 1 639.3; 447.5 ! 191.8! 9.6; 4.1 ! 1.5 ! 38! 20.8; 23.6! 537.9! 376.5 1 161.4! 8.1: 3.5 : 5.0 ; 39! 21.2 ' 24.1; 561.9 393.4 1 1 168.6! 8.4; 3.6 ! 4.9 ; 40 [47.o; 50.8! 1804.6; 1263.2 1 541.4; 27.1! 11.6 ; 5.0 ί 41: 35.1 38.4; 1229.1 ' 860.3 1 1 368.7! 18.4! 7.9 ; 5.0 ; 42! 27.3 I 30.4! 905.4! 633.8 1 271.6; 13.6! 5.8 ? 3.9 ! 43; 24.1! 27.11 699.7; 489.8 1 1 209.9; 10.5; 4.5 ; 5.0 : 44: 22.with: 25.2! 611.6! 428.1 1 1 183.5; 9.2: 3.9 ; 5.0 545'23.2! 26.1! 655.8 ' 459.0 1 196.7! 9.8! 4.2 ! 5.0 ! 4b! 23.b! 26.6! 676.7; 473.7 1 203.0; 10.2 | 4.4 ; 5.0 : 47J22.3! 25.2! 736.7; 515.7 1 221.0! 11.1! 4.7 ; 2.3 ! 48; 22.6 · 25.6! 742.9! 520.0 1 1 222.9! 11.2! 4.8 5 2.5 '49 * 23.5; 26.4! 669.6 J 468.7 t 1 200.9: 10.1! 4.3 ; 5.0 ; 50; 24.o; 26.9! 692.5; 484.8 t 1 207.8; 10.4! 4.5 I 5.0 ; 51 ', 58.0' 62.2! 2336.6! 1635.6 1 1 701.0! 35.1 · 15.0 ! 5.0 ! 52144.5: 48.2! 1683.5 I 1 178.4 I 1 505.0! 25.3! 10.8 ; 5.0 : 53; 35.5 1 38.9! 249.6 874.7 1 374.9; 18.8; 8.0 • 5.0 ; 54130.01 33.2; 852.5! 596.7 1 1 255.7! 12.8 J 5.5 ; 5.0 157127.01 30.1! 838.4! 586.9 1 1 251.5; 12.6; 5.4 ; 5.0 158126.6; 29.6! 871.4; 610.0 1 1 261.4; 13.1 5.6 ! 3.8 159126.5; 29.6! 869.1! 608.3 1 1 260.7 J 13.0; 5.6 ; 3.8 160126.9 ' 29.9! 833.0; 583.1 1 1 249.9! 12.5; 5.4 ; 5.0 161I27.2 I zo3; 849.6; 594.7 1 1 254.9 12.8; 5.5 ! 5.0 H - height on the step, m

drill bit, m total amount of drill explosive, quantity quantity length length per kg of blast for main charge, kg of blast for upper charge, kg of primary charge, m of upper charge, n> air gap between main and the upper one

The invention is further illustrated by another diagram shown in FIG. 2. In this scheme, the blast box 1 is formed by a front curved section 2 bounded on one side by the line 3 and extending to the interior of the box 1. This section contains a total of 24 wells, which are located in one short left well. row 62 with two boreholes, one front right row 63 containing three boreholes and one rear row 64 containing five boreholes formed in front of the curvilinear borehole 4, in which 13 boreholes are located, and behind it a rectilinear section 10 containing two front 11 and two rear 12 drilling lines containing 12 s each ndazha. After the straight section 10, a back section 65 is formed, comprising a front 66, a middle 67 and a final well 68, in which 11, 9 and 8 wells are respectively located. After placing them in the explosive field, the drillings are drilled, after which the depth of each of them, the distance between them and the distance between the drilling lines are measured. On this basis, the amount of blasting material is recalculated, after which the wells are filled with blasting material and the blasting means and the plug is inserted. The loaded wells explode in the following order. Initially, the short left 62, the right front 63 and the rear 64 drill burst, and then the curvilinear 4, the two front rectilinear 11 and the two rear rectilinear 12 drill rows, the drill in the rear section 65 - the front 66, the middle 67 and the end 68 drill row .

Claims

Claims (5)

1. A method for the open pit development of solid minerals, comprising contouring the blasting paleo, dividing it into at least one straight and one curved section, each containing at least one drilling row with inclined drilling holes therein horizontal line, after which the wells are charged with an explosive and explode, characterized in that the location of the wells in the wells is such that the distance a between the front (11) and the back (12) wells is 1, 05 -1.35 times greater than the distance a _x between the side contour (3) and the curvilinear row (4), and the distance b, between sun5, in the curvilinear row (4) is equal to the distance b between the probes located in the front ( 11) and the rear (12) straight drilling row of the straight section (10), with the slope below which the drill holes 10 with respect to the horizontal line are from 65 to 90 °, after which the actual parameters are measured - the distance between the wells and between the wells in the wells and the depth of the wells, the amount of explosive materials is recalculated15 and the wells are filled with the explosive, with the length to be inserted in them. equal to 0.75-0.95 from the line of least resistance, after which the blast 20 is effected by simultaneously delivering the blast impulse to the charges, initially in the wells from the curved section ( 2) and then in the wells located at least in a row from the straight section (10). Method for opencast mining according to claim 1, characterized in that a posterior curvilinear portion (65) is arranged in the opposite side of the curved section (2), behind the rectilinear section (10). A method for the open pit development of solid minerals according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the lateral sides of the explosive field (1) is 35 at least one curved section is formed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one intermediate portion is formed between the front curved section (2) and the straight section (10). 40 plot (5). A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the distance b between the wells in the curved row (4) is less than the distance b between the wells, 45 located in the remaining wells. Attachment: 2 figures