BG4366U1 - Mobile complex for determination of magnetic field of a vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

The magnetic sensors used in existing state-of-the-art mobile instruments for measuring the magnetic field parameters of a vessel are connected to the readout and information processing devices positioned on shore by underwater cables, and divers are used for those on the bottom. In the measurement process, a considerable number of sailing on different shipping services and voyages is recommended. The design of the utility model for mobile complex for determination of magnetic field of a vessel is a mobile, cable-free, versatile, without the need of a diver whatsoever, ship magnetic field determination complex. The versatility of the utility model is determined by the possibility to use the mobile complex for any type of ship (regarding its dimensions) and for any depth and nature of the ground. The cable-free construction of the complex makes it lighter, easier to operate and more technically reliable. The design of the autonomous magnetometer systems allows the optimal positioning of the magnetic sensor without the use of a diver. The use of wireless communication for taking readings allows for rapid next use of the sensor lines when a new vessel passes through the complex.

Description

Field of technique

The utility model refers to a mobile complex for determining the magnetic field of a ship, which is universal, mobile and easy to deploy and service, without the need to use divers.

The useful model provides effective measurement, recording and storage of a set of parameters which, through processing with specialized software, enable obtaining a complete and accurate three-dimensional image of the ship's magnetic field.

The useful model allows rapid deployment of measuring equipment on the seabed, without specific requirements for the substrate (smooth, sandy, etc.), using a minimum number of service facilities and personnel.

Prior art

The navies of leading countries are making continuous efforts to reduce the magnetic fields of warships in order to increase their stealth and anti-mine resistance. In order to check the real magnetic field of the ships and evaluate the possibilities for their use and/or taking measures for their "demagnetization", expensive stationary polygons using several hundred magnetometers are built. The typical equipment of the stationary stands consists of highly sensitive bottom magnetometers located at depths of up to 10 m, stationary compensation and simulation loops and loops for electromagnetic processing, systems for determining the current parameters of the ship relative to the bottom magnetometers and computer equipment. Thanks to the presence of compensation and simulation loops, in the stationary polygons the motion of the ship is modeled on a straight course, on circulation and for all types of pitch, static roll and trim in any latitude.

The use of this type of training grounds, in addition to the high cost of their construction, maintenance and operation, is associated with the impossibility of using warships for a long time and the need for additional sailing. For these reasons, mobile complexes for measuring the parameters of the ship's magnetic field, such as the MS90 and TRANSMAG complexes from Thorn EMI, MORASYM from STN Atlas Electronic, etc., have recently become increasingly popular. The common characteristics of these complexes are a container set capable of being transported by any transport, quickly deployed on any water area, three-component primary measuring magnetic sensors (2 ^ 5 pieces) located on the bottom and a modern computer data processing system. An important feature of the known mobile complexes for measuring the magnetic field is that the magnetic sensors are connected to the reading and information processing devices located on the shore by underwater cables, and divers are used for their positioning on the bottom. In addition, in order to measure the parameters necessary to obtain a complete and accurate three-dimensional image of the ship's magnetic field, it is recommended that the latter make a significant number of voyages on different courses.

In the open literature, there is no detailed information on the software provision of the processing of the information received from the magnetic sensors.

When studying magnetic field sources with a complex internal structure, such as ships having various electromagnetic devices generating their own magnetic fields, measurement of highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields with complex and difficult to predict parameters is required. The most accurate quantum magnetometers cannot provide the necessary sensitivity in a wide range of magnetic induction values and a large gradient of the measured field. Furthermore, the measurement of the components of the magnetic field vector requires a significant complication of the measurement scheme and is generally not used. The main attention in the design and realization of polygons for determining the magnetic field of a ship is given to the induction and galvanomagnetic methods. In addition, a relatively simple method of measuring the geomagnetic field modulus is used, which can be used in the calibration of vector magnetometers. Analysis focuses on dynamic range, sensitivity threshold, accuracy, linearity of conversion characteristics, and active area size.

Induction methods for measuring magnetic fields are based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Induction sensors have a wide dynamic range within 10 ^-6 ^ 1 Ti high sensitivity up to 0.1 nT. But due to insufficient resistance to noise, induction magnetometers are rarely used to measure magnetic fields, to a greater extent their use is related to studies of the magnetic moment. The development of the induction method is the vibration method and the ferroprobe method.

The vibration method consists in measuring the amplitude of the induced electromotive force, which occurs when the relative position of the magnetic field source and the measuring coil changes. Ferroprobe methods are based on converting a gradient or magnetic field strength into an electrical signal.

The main galvanomagnetic methods for measuring the magnetic field are the Hall and magnetoresistance methods. The magnetoresistive method is based on a change in the resistance of a conductor in an external magnetic field.

Technical nature of the utility model

The analysis of the specified technical requirements for the design and implementation of a mobile complex for determining the magnetic field of a ship, in order to achieve the correct and accurate reading of the components of the magnetic field, is necessary:

• The mobile complex must consist of at least two sensor lines;

• Each sensor line should consist of at least 3 elements - two lateral and one centrally located autonomous magnetometric system that will read under the keel of the moving ship. The distance between the lateral autonomous magnetometric systems should be approximately equal to the width of the ship's hull, taking into account the safe distance between the board and the marker;

• The magnetic sensors in each of the autonomous magnetometric systems will read the magnetic field along the three X axes - from the bow of the ship to the stern; Y - across the ship from starboard to port; Z vertically down;

• Each magnetic sensor must be in a horizontal position;

• The coordinates of each autonomous magnetometric system must be known;

• Each magnetic sensor must be oriented east-west (E - W);

• Ability to compensate for the earth's magnetic field when a magnetic anomaly is detected by the sensors.

The technical problem to be solved is to create a mobile, wireless, universal and without the need to use a diver (only a boat or boat) a mobile complex for determining the magnetic field of a ship that meets the above requirements. The universality of the useful model is determined by the possibility of using the mobile complex correctly for any type of ships (regardless of their dimensions) and for any depth and nature of the ground at the measurement site.

For this purpose, it is proposed to use an autonomous magnetometric system (AMS) as the main element of the mobile complex in the composition of the sensor lines, which consists of the following main components:

- Anchor made of non-magnetic heavy material (e.g. lead or concrete) which ensures stable standing of the AMC in position. In it, a ring of non-magnetic material is installed for the passage of the supporting rope with a locking mechanism (flap), allowing the passage of the rope only in the direction of the milestone with the pulley;

- A two-axis mechanism built into the anchor for vertical positioning of the hermetic body attached to its platform;

- Hermetic cylindrical underwater body with positive buoyancy with the center of gravity low down (the total buoyancy with the anchor is negative) so that it can assume a vertical position relative to the ground. The remaining components of each of the sensor lines are:

• Two winches each, one of which has a reel mounted in the lower part with a kapron rope wound on it;

• Reading and recording device for transferring information from any AMC via a wireless (bluetooth (BT), Wi-Fi or other) channel;

• Laptop with specialized software for analyzing the received information.

Explanation of the attached figures

Figure 1 - Block diagram of an autonomous magnetometric system (AMS).

Figure 2 - The placement of each of the sensor lines.

Figure 3 - Prototype of autonomous magnetometric system.

Examples of implementation of the utility model

The main component in the proposed useful model of a mobile complex for determining the magnetic field of a ship is the autonomous magnetometric system 21, which, according to figure 1, consists of an anchor 1 made of a non-magnetic heavy material (for example, lead or concrete), which ensures a stable standing of the AMC in position. A prototype of an autonomous magnetometric system is shown in figure 3. A rectangular arm 17 with a block 18 of non-magnetic material for the passage of the supporting rope 19 with a locking mechanism (flap) is installed in the anchor 1, allowing the passage of the rope only in the direction from the milestone with a pulley 20 - the third (last) of the sensory line.

A mechanical stabilization system built into the anchor, representing a two-axis mechanism 2, ensures vertical positioning of the cylindrical hermetic body 9 attached to its platform, which has a positive buoyancy (less than the weight of the anchor) and a center of gravity in its lower part. For this purpose, a battery block 8 is mounted on the bottom of the AMC, the power supply from which is connected to the electronic devices with an electric switch 3 mounted in a cylindrical box, which is closed hermetically with a nut and an "0" ring. Sockets are also installed in it for checking the battery capacity and charging in basic conditions. Inside the hermetic housing of the AMC 9, which is a cylinder of non-magnetic material with a top cover 7 of Plexiglas or other transparent material for bluetooth communication, four discs, also of non-magnetic material, are attached to its walls. On the first disk from bottom to top, a stepper motor 10 and a controller for controlling its rotation 4 are mounted, which according to the data of the electronic compass 12 works so that the X axis of the 3-axis magnetic sensor 15 takes a position along the East-West axis ( E - W), then stops working. For this purpose, the motor axis 11 passes through central openings of the second and third disks and is rigidly connected in the center of the fourth disk, on which a 3-axis magnetic sensor 15 with a function to compensate the earth's magnetic field and a microcontroller 16 for signal processing are mounted from him. On the second disk are installed the electronic compass 12, GPS with stopwatch 13 and electronic block with microcontroller 5 for recording the information on an SD card. An electronic unit 6 for wireless communication and transmission of the data recorded on the SD card to a reading/recording device for information transfer with an antenna 14 is mounted on the third disk.

The installation of each of the two sensor lines, parallel to each other at a distance of the length of the surveyed ship, from the set of the mobile complex is carried out in the following way (Fig. 2):

- The first AMC 21, marked with a milestone 20, is lowered to the bottom, slowly unwinding a kapron rope 19 from the spool 22 mounted in the lower part of the second milestone 23, the rope 19 passes through the blockers 18 of the anchors of the first 21, the second 24 and the third 25 AMC - the second and third AMC (with the reel) are on board the boat (boat) that performs the staging;

- After standing on the bottom, we move away from the first landmark 20 at a set distance "D", determined by the width of the hull of the surveyed ship and drop the second AMC 24 to the bottom by unwinding a rope from the reel 22 - the third AMC 25 is on board the boat ( cutter);

- We move away along the line from the first milestone 20 twice "D" (the distance can be measured with a laser rangefinder) and release the third AMC 25, relax the rope until it is in position and lock the pulley, and launch the second milestone 23 into the water.

- The line is marked with 2 milestones;

- In the same way, we place the second line parallel to the first at a distance of the length of the ship. The work of each AMC is carried out in the following way:

• Before the start of the descent, the power supply is started from the hermetic electric switch 3;

• The work of the GPS with stopwatch 13 starts, and on an electronic block with a microcontroller 5 for recording information on an SD card, the last coordinates and the data of the stopwatch in astronomical time are recorded before the immersion of the AMC in the water;

• When the anchor 1 rests on the bottom, the hermetic body 9 occupies a vertical position;

• According to the data of the electronic compass 12, the stepping electric motor 10 works so that the X-axis of the 3-axis magnetic sensor 15 takes a position along the East-West (E - W) axis, after which it stops working;

• AMC remains in duty mode;

• When detecting a change in the magnetic field in an electronic block with a microcontroller 5 for recording information on the SD card, a record is made of the recorded magnetic values as a function of time and coordinates;

• After the ship has passed, the autonomous magnetometric systems are removed in the opposite way and without depressurizing the body, the information for each station is taken via BT channel;

• The system is immediately ready for repeated measurements;

• The information is processed in the laptop with specialized software;

• If necessary, in basic conditions, the storage battery 8 is charged without depressurizing the body of the AMC from the hermetic socket.

The construction of the utility model is a mobile, wireless, universal and without the need to use a diver (only a boat or boat) mobile complex for determining the magnetic field of a ship. The universality of the useful model is determined by the possibility that the mobile complex can be used correctly for any type of ships (regarding their dimensions) and for any depths and nature of the ground at the measurement site.

The wireless construction of the mobile complex makes the construction lighter, easier to operate and more reliable from a technical point of view.

The construction, according to the utility model, of the autonomous magnetometric systems allows the optimal occupation of the horizontal position of the magnetic sensor with the direction East-West (E - W) automatically, without the use of a diver.

The use of wireless communication to take the readings allows rapid follow-up of the sensor lines when a ship passes through the test site again. When installing the mobile complex at shallower depths (up to 10 - 15 m), it is possible to take readings with a pressurized reading and recording device for information transfer in the operating range of bluetooth communication under water.

Application (use) of the utility model

The use of the useful model allows the Navy to effectively solve the problem of reducing the magnetic fields of warships in order to increase their stealth and mine resistance.

The useful model "Mobile complex for determining the magnetic field of a ship" has tactical and technical characteristics that make it universal, mobile and easy to deploy in position and service without the need to use divers.

The useful model performs a full set of functional capabilities and provides efficient measurement, recording and storage of a set of measurements, which allows obtaining after processing with specialized software a complete and accurate three-dimensional image of the ship's magnetic field.

The utility model allows rapid deployment of measuring equipment on the seabed without specific ground requirements (smooth, sandy, etc.) using a minimum number of service facilities and personnel.

Claims (1)

A mobile complex for determining the magnetic field of a ship, characterized by the fact that it consists of six autonomous magnetometric systems grouped by three (21), (24) and (25) in two parallel sensor lines positioned on the seabed at a distance equal to along the length of the surveyed ship, each sensor line is marked with two milestones (20) and (23), and a pulley (22) with nylon rope (19) wound on it is mounted on the milestone (23) in each line in the lower part , and each of the autonomous magnetometric systems (21), (24) and (25) consists of an anchor (1) made of non-magnetic heavy material, with a built-in mechanical system with a two-axis mechanism (2) for vertical stabilization of the fixed on its platform a cylindrical hermetic body (9) of non-magnetic material, with positive buoyancy with a top cover (7) of transparent material for bluetooth communication, with attached to its walls four disks of non-magnetic material with central holes on the second and third disks for the axis (11) of the step electro engine (10), in which a battery unit (8) is mounted on its bottom, connected to, through an electric switch (3), mounted in a closed hermetically cylindrical box with sockets for checking the capacity of the battery and for charging it in basic conditions. A stepper motor (10) with a controller for controlling its rotation (4) is mounted on the first disk from bottom to top, whose axis (11) is rigidly connected to the center of the fourth disk, on which a three-axis magnetic sensor (15) is located. with a function to compensate the earth's magnetic field and a controller to control its rotation (16), with an electronic compass (12) mounted on the second disk together with a GPS with a stopwatch (13) and an electronic block with a microcontroller (5) for recording the information on an SD card, and an electronic unit (6) for wireless communication with an antenna (14) is installed on the third disk to transmit the data recorded on the SD card to a reader/recorder for information transfer