BG2989U1 - Combined tool for machining of holes - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combined tool for machining of holes, operating by removing thin layers of metal and simultaneously is intended for smoothing by sliding friction. The tool will find application in machine building, in particular in the manufacture of precision hole parts. The combined hole expansion tool consists of a cylindrical body (1) to which three guide cutting-smoothing elements are mounted, one of which is stationary (4) and the other two are movable (5). The body (1) represents a thick-walled tube on which is processed a stepped section (2), on the cylindrical formation of which are made four sector grooves (3) and two openings. The sector grooves (3) are positioned in two diametrically arranged pairs. The stationary element (4) is mounted to the two openings by means of two screws (6) and a counter body (7). The two movable elements (5) are mounted to the two sector groove pairs (3), by means of two screws (6) and a counter body (7). The guide cutting-smoothing elements have screw grooves at an angle of 30 degrees to 60 degrees, as well as a cutting angle of 2 degrees.

Description

Field of technology

The utility model refers to a combined tool for widening holes, working by removing thin layers of metal and at the same time for smoothing by sliding friction. The tool will find application in mechanical engineering, especially in the production of parts with precise holes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

When processing high quality openings in terms of shape, size and roughness, the following two types of processing are applied:

- machining by chip removal (hole widening, countersinking or reaming);

- surface treatment by plastic deformation.

The process of plastic deformation is carried out under conditions of sliding friction and rolling friction along the hole-forming. This process is most often called "dorning".

In addition to the above-mentioned technological processes for obtaining high-quality holes, dredging treatments and tools are known, divided into the following groups:

- devices with an elastic holder, smoothing the hole with a deforming element attached to the cantilever;

- devices with a smoothing element of ultra-hard materials;

- devices with rolling elements (rollers or balls);

- tools for forming a regular profile.

The closest to the equipment according to the utility model are the combined tools, performing simultaneous chip removal and then smoothing by rolling with cylindrical rollers mounted in a separator.

The realization of a certain tightness is done by radially shifting the rollers in different mechanisms.

The productivity of the known structures is limited due to the impact of the following factors:

- presence of two independent tools, as for achieving the accuracy of the surface treatment the rolling is most often performed several times;

- in practice there are no tools in which the smoothing is done by friction by sliding.

Technical essence of the utility model

The purpose of the utility model is to create a combined tool for widening holes, through which to overcome the limitations described above.

The aim is achieved by a combined tool for expanding openings according to the utility model, consisting of a cylindrical body ending in a conical or cylindrical tail, to which three cutting-smoothing guide elements are mounted, one of which is fixed and the other two movable. . The body of the tool is a thick-walled tube, on which a stepped section is machined, along the cylindrical forming of which, four sector channels and two openings are made. The four sector channels are positioned in two diametrically located pairs. The fixed cutting-smoothing guide element is mounted to the two holes by means of two screws and a counter body. The two movable cutting-smoothing guide elements are mounted to the two pairs of sector channels, with two screws and a counter body. The three cutting-smoothing guide elements are sector details with cylindrical generators and a conical part in the forehead, which have three contact sections each. The inner cylindrical shaper coincides in diameter with the step section, and the outer cylindrical shaper has a diameter depending on the machined hole. The cutting-smoothing guides have screw grooves at an angle of 30 ° to 60 °, as well as a cutting angle of 2 °. The working elements are made of cermets, such as

3554 Descriptions to utility registration certificates № 09.2 / 28.09.2018 each of them can be made of different hard alloy, shape (described radius) and dimensions according to the requirements for accuracy and roughness of the processed holes.

The tool thus created allows to process holes in the range - 6 mm, by installing cutting-smoothing and guide elements with different diameters of the outer cylindrical former.

When using the tool, the machining elements come into contact with the pre-machined hole while removing chips; guide the tool and smooth the treated surface. Smoothing is performed by sliding friction from the strips located on the described circle with maximum diameter. The lubricating coolant (MOT) is fed into the gap between the body and the treated hole.

To change the forces of impact of the working elements on the treated surface, the change of the spatial system of forces arising at different angular arrangement of the movable cutting-smoothing and guiding elements in relation to the fixed one is used. By initially adjusting the angular position of the working elements, both different in size but approximately the same impact forces can be set, as well as different in value, but affecting the quality of the machined holes. The change of the central angles of mutual arrangement of the two movable working elements is performed as they are displaced relative to the fixed one along the channels of the cylindrical surface. After positioning to the desired angles, the cutting-smoothing the guide elements are fixed to the tool body by means of two screws and the counter-body connected to them.

Explanation of the attached figures

The utility model is explained in more detail with the help of the attached figures, of which:

Figure 1 is a model of a disassembled tool;

Figure 2a and Figure 26 are views of the working part of the tool;

Figure 3a and Figure 36 are views of a cutting-smoothing guide element with screw grooves at an angle of 30 °;

Figure 4a and Figure 46 are views of a cutting-smoothing guide element with screw grooves at an angle of 60 °.

Exemplary implementation of the utility model

An exemplary embodiment of the utility model is shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. The tool includes a cylindrical body 1 providing strength to the tool and terminating in a conical or cylindrical tail (in this case cylindrical). The body 1 is a thick-walled tube on which a stepped section 2 with a smaller diameter is made. Along the cylindrical forming of the section 2, four sector channels 3 and two openings are made. The four sector channels 3 are positioned in two diametrically arranged pairs. The fixed cutting-smoothing guide element 4 is mounted to the two holes by two screws 6 and a counter body 7. The two movable cutting-smoothing guide elements 5 are mounted to the two pairs of sector channels 3, with two screws 6 and a counter body 7.

The fixed 4 and the movable 5 cutting-smoothing guide elements are made with a steel pad and a strip of hard alloy. Channels with angles from 30 ° to 60 ° are cut along the periphery. These grooves are practically helical teeth with an angle of 2 °. The inner radiator has a radius R ₂ equal to the radius of the outer circle of the step section 2, and the outer radius R ₍ is selected with a value corresponding to the requirements of the machined hole. In the front working elements 4 and 5 have a conical section of 5 °, supporting The elements 4 and 5 can have different diameters of the outer cylindrical former, different widths and lengths, and different shapes and geometries of the screw grooves.

Using the utility model

According to the utility model, the tool works as follows.

The fixed cutting-smoothing guide is mounted to the body 1 on a step section 2.

3555 Descriptions to certificates for registration of utility models № 09.2 / 28.09.2018 element 4 and movable cutting-smoothing guide elements 5. Based on theoretical and experimental studies related to the force load due to the cutting and friction process, the optimal angles of mutual arrangement of the elements 4 and 5, and are fixed with screws 6 and counter bodies 7. The angles of arrangement of the movable elements 5 are changed within 30 ° and adjusted by means of an optical protractor.

During operation, the fixed cutting-smoothing guide element 4 and the movable cutting-smoothing guide elements 5, due to the presence of helical grooves with the corresponding geometry, remove thin layers of metal, such as cutting teeth, and the cylindrical generators, which appear as the occipital surface of the teeth, smooth the hole by plastic deformation performed by sliding friction. The processing is performed in the following kinematic schemes:

- rotating and rectilinear movement of the tool;

- rotational movement of the part and rectilinear movement of the tool.

When using different height processing elements 4 and 5, holes of different diameters can be machined.

The cooling of the processing area is performed with an oil-based MOT, led into the space between the processing elements and the degree of the processed hole.

The tool can work both horizontally and vertically.

Claims (4)

Claims A combined opening widening tool consisting of a cylindrical body (1) ending in a conical or cylindrical tail to which cutting-smoothing guide elements are mounted, characterized in that the cylindrical body (1) is a thick-walled tube, on which a stepped section (2) is machined, along the cylindrical forming of which two holes and four sector channels (3) are made, positioned in two diametrically located pairs, and a fixed cutting-smoothing guide element (4) is mounted to the two holes, by means of two screws (6) and a counter body (7), and to the two pairs of sector channels (3) are mounted two movable cutting-smoothing guide elements (5), with two screws (6) and a counter body (7), at which the three cutting-smoothing guide elements (4 and 5) represent sector details with cylindrical forming and conical part in the forehead, which have three contact sections, as on the periphery of the elements (4 and 5) are made screw channels at an angle of 30 ° to 60 °, with a cutting angle of 2 °. Combined hole widening tool according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cutting-smoothing guide elements (4 and 5) are made of cermets. Combined hole widening tool according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cutting-smoothing guide elements (4 and 5) have strips of hard alloy soldered to a steel base. Combined hole widening tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting-smoothing guide elements (4 and 5) have different diameters of the outer cylindrical former, different widths and lengths, and different shapes and geometries of the screw channels.