BG112937A - Device and method for contactless separation of bees and bee swarms for various technological purposes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is intended for application in beekeeping. The method consists in inducing the movement of part of the bees in the bee colony in the under-hive space, separating them according to anatomical and behavioral differences and taking them to an additional bottom hive volume, in which they can continue their development independently or be taken away, according to the pursued technological purpose. The method is realized by bee repellent, bottom separating complex, additional bottom beehive volume and a diagnostic-information unit. The repellent comprises a mixture of chemicals of biogenic origin which do not contaminate the bee hive and the products. The bottom separation complex has a movable excluder grate (24), two-sectional movable bottoms (20 and 21) and a movable landing board (3) mounted on a bottom support frame (30) and closing laths. The additional bottom hive volume (4) is a parallelepiped volume containing a hive body (25) arranged on rails (26), with a movable solid or mesh bottom (27), sliding in slits (28), with a back cover ( 29), with front and back entrance (33 and 32) and with a movable landing board (34). The diagnostic-information unit comprises temperature sensors (35 and 36) and a GSM communicator (37).

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTACTLESS SEPARATION OF BEES AND BEE SWORDS, FOR REALIZATION OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES

Field of technology

The invention relates to a device and method for separating and separating bee individuals in a bottom beehive space. It is intended for use in agriculture, in particular in beekeeping and is intended for the management of the strength of bee colonies; to overcome the swarm condition; for reproduction of bee families; for separating bees for bee packages, for settling nuclei, transport cells, etc., with reduced time and labor costs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Preliminary state of the methods for separation and separation of bees from a bee family

In the methods of managing the strength of bee colonies: The separation of specific categories of bees is the main beekeeping activity. It is realized, first of all, by creating families of honeysuckle and in the creation of branches. All known methods for this are relatively time-consuming and slow. These include a thorough examination of the donor family, honeycomb, careful evaluation and selection of brood combs - according to the type and maturity of the brood, according to their age and food stocks, according to the number of bees on them, etc., with or without searching for the queen bee, with subsequent giving of the mother in the motherless family and verification of her acceptance, etc.

There is a method of separating only the flying bees, by moving the titular hive to a new place in the apiary and placing an empty hive in the old place. In the method, however, it is recommended to transfer 34 brood combs to the newly placed hive, as well as to find the mother from the donor hive, and to give _{in the} new hives, which returns the need for countless manual manipulations. In addition, the relocation of the hive often requires the participation of an additional assistant.

There is also a method by which only non-flying bees (very young bees) can be separated by shaking the bees from an empty hive in a empty hive and leaving them for a while to return the flying bees. The implementation of this method, however, also takes a lot of time and effort for the same reasons listed above - again, a very careful preliminary inspection of each of the bees on the combs is needed to find the mother.

Previous condition in the methods for control and overcoming of an already existing swarm condition. With all the methods known so far, a thorough inspection of the entire apiary is performed weekly during the swarming period, in order to diagnose the condition of each individual colony. At the same time, it is also necessary to remove and carefully inspect some of the combs in the hive. If a swarm condition is established, all the combs in the nest for the destruction of the laid queen cells are already carefully inspected; to search for and find the queen bee, a complete inspection of all bees in the overcrowded colony is made; selection and rearrangement of the combs in the beehive is made; bee combs are shaken and many other and all manual manipulations. Controlling and overcoming the swarming instinct are the most labor-intensive operations performed in the hive during beekeeping.

When separating bees for other purposes: for settling nucleus compartments, for settling transport cells, bee packages, etc., the same manipulations are needed - with separate combs, with searching for the mother, with transporting and shaking off bees, etc. .

If it is necessary to create new families, it is also necessary to separate the bees and find the titular mother. After some time of orphanhood, the beehive is opened again to place the new queen, and after a few days the beehive is inspected again to see if it has been accepted.

With the regular replacement of the queen bee with a young one, which is done every 1-2 years, it is also necessary to make a thorough inspection of all the combs in the beehive, and sometimes it is repeated and even tripled when the population is large. In addition, during periods of risky conferring, deliberate temporary hives are formed in which only young bees are manually separated for initial acceptance.

The methods for separating and separating the bee individuals, for performing all the above-mentioned irrevocable technological interventions, require the application of many tons of manual labor, with continuous direct contact with the bees, performed conditionally at high outside temperature and under maximum sunlight. radiation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION. No specific technical facilities have been created for the technological tasks listed above (management of the strength of the families, overcoming of the swarming state, formation of a branch and the others mentioned above).

In some of the methods of taking bees, a dividing grid is used, which is placed in advance in the hive, and thus limits the queen bee to only one hull, where it is easier to find.

Snelgler board is also known, designed to completely isolate the bees of the hive, located in the upper sections of the multi-hull models of hives from the donor family, characterized by the fact that there are duplicate entrances with which to fly the flying bees from the upper family , according to the technological need.

Known in the past is the hive model, in which the combs are removed and inspected from low hulls without removing the upper ones, by removing their back cover with a metal clip for the combs. The disadvantage is the difficult and very slow handling of the combs and the crushing of many bees.

Bee repellents are known: phenol, carbolic acid, lactic and propionic acids, smoke. Phenol and its derivative carbolic acid are non-biogenic disinfectants, their smell is absorbed by honey and so they can change and permanently impair its taste. Due to this, they are almost no longer used. Lactic and propionic acids are too expensive, and they are also not natural ingredients in honey. Smoke obtained from low oxygen combustion of plant matter (animal feces, chips, logs, etc.) has above all an aggressive effect on bees and only to some extent a pronounced and repellent effect. However, due to the presence of many harmful combustion products - resins, tars, phenols and a number of other harmful ingredients, excessive gassing of the beehive is not permissible.

Due to the nature of these beekeeping tasks and the lack of specific equipment for them, the separation of bees from the bee colony, as well as giving and replacing queen bees, takes a long time, requires very manual and strictly specific work performed in unhealthy high external temperature and intense ultraviolet solar radiation, with constant direct contact with bees and their venom.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method and suitable inventory for its implementation, which will ensure the separation of bees from the bee colony, the separation of young from old bees, giving and replacing queens to be carried out without much physical effort, with significantly reduced costs on time and with minimal direct contact with bees.

The object of the invention is achieved by a method for separating, separating and isolating a part of the bees from the beehive, by means of a repellent, a bottom separating complex, an additional bottom beehive volume and an information block.

Technical essence of the invention:

Nature of the method:

The method is based on several biological and anatomical features of the bee inhabitants and the bee colony in general:

- bees have an olfactory tax - attract or avoid sources of certain volatile chemicals;

- the worker bees in the bee colony are mainly beehives mainly until the first half of their life and foraging (flying);

- the bees after their 5th day begin to make their first orientation flights, during which they already remember the location and peculiarities of their entrance;

- flying bees always return to their hive through the entrance from which they took off and memorized;

- the body sizes of the bees and the mother are different.

Based on these biological features, the essence of the method consists in the possibility to separate part of the bees of the family outside their nest, to divide them into categories, according to caste and behavioral characteristics into several categories: only never flying bees; only to hive bees (non-flying bees together with already flown sows), to flying bees only; of mixed from all categories of bees, with or without their mother and be separated in a separate volume.

Technical nature of the inventory:

It includes devices for separation and separation of bees, consisting of three technical components: a bottom separation complex, an additional bottom hive volume and an information block.

1. The bottom separating complex consists of a bottom frame with a rectangular shape, along the side walls of which there are cut upper, middle and lower slots. In the middle of the rectangular frame, when viewed from above, there is a middle standing support, on the profile of which on both its sides there are also upper, middle and lower slots, completely identical to those on the sides.

In the separate left and right bottom field, in the slots there are movable bottoms or standard dividing grids, according to the pursued goal.

2. Additional underestimated hive volume. It is positioned under the bottom separation complex, has internal dimensions that allow it to be placed in a standard hive body, which has the technical ability to pull back through a system of rails and wheels. The bottom hive volume is closed from below with a movable solid or mesh bottom, sliding in slots, and from the side with a replaceable solid or mesh lid.

3. The information-diagnostic unit consists of temperature sensors, one of which is installed in the bottom separation complex and the other in an additional underestimated beehive volume, both of which are connected to a GSM-communicator.

Explanation of the attached figures.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying figures, of which:

Figure 1 - shows the hive complex - the device for separation and separation of bees, in a normally functioning family - with a side view;

Figure 2- shows the device of the bottom separation complex and of the additional underestimated hive volume, in working position;

Figure 3- shows the bottom separation complex - top view;

Figure 4- shows the bottom separation complex in cross section AA;

Figure 5- shows the basic device of the additional underestimated hive volume, in working position.

Exemplary implementation of the method.

The spatial arrangement of the individual components of the device, in a normally functioning family, are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. It can be seen there that the additional underestimated beehive volume 4 is located at the bottom, with a diagnostic-information block mounted in it, the bottom separation complex 2 is positioned on them, and the nest beehive housings 1 are located on it.

The bottom separation complex 2, (shown in detail in Fig. 4), according to the invention, consists of a bottom support frame 30 with a rectangular shape, identical in size to those of the standard hive housings. On both the long and long side walls, there are cut left upper 5, middle 6 and lower slots 7 and respectively right upper 8, middle 9 and lower slots 10. In the geometric environment along the bottom support frame 30, there is a middle standing support 11 In its transverse profile on both sides it also has two logs of three loops each: left upper 12, middle 13 and LOWER .pins 14 and right upper 15, middle 16 and lower slots 17. They are completely identical to the trunk slots 5 , 6, 7 and slots 8,9 and 10, on the bottom support frame 30

From the middle support II of the bottom support frame 30, a left bottom field 18 and a right bottom field 19 are separated. In the single-plane, second or third level ILICI from the left 18 and right bottom field 19, one movable bottom and one left respectively are located. movable bottom 20 and right movable bottom 21 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). The length of the two movable bottoms is greater than the length of the bottom support frame 30. The bottoms are made of meshed holes 22 and 23.

The dividing rails 24 are mounted only in the upper row of the group of buttonholes 5 and 12 and 8 and 15, and they are of the same length as the housings.

The bottom separation complex 2 is also equipped with closing bars of one-way bee valves, as well as with an electronic temperature sensor 35.

The additional bottom hive volume 4 (from Figs. 2 and 5) is positioned below the bottom separation complex 2, with internal dimensions that allow a standard hive body 25 to be placed in it, it is technically possible to pull it back through a system of rails 26, closed from below with a movable solid or mesh bottom 27, sliding in slots 28, and at the rear with a replaceable solid or mesh back cover 29. At the rear, the additional iodine hive volume 4 has a back cover 29 and a rear entrance with a front a board 32 thereon, a lower front entrance with an arrival board 33 and a movable arrival board 34 at the front.

The temperature sensor 36 and the GSM communicator 37 are located in the additional bottom hive volume 4.

Way of working:

The possibilities of the method are to separate in a separate volume from the beehive different physiological groups of bees: only the youngest have not flown so far bees, only flying bees (bee-collectors), only bees until the 18th-20th day; to separate all flying bees and part of the suckling bees, as well as divided in half flying bees with suckling bees. The method allows the bees to separate the mother, with a high percentage of probability for this, as well as the application of the full range of established anti-swarm measures. All this is done in the following ways:

1. Separation and separation of very young, never lethal intra hive bees (between 0 and 5-7 days old adult is carried out, in the following steps, Fig. 2 and 4.

First step - remove the movable bottoms 20 and 21 from the two halves of the bottom separation complex 2.

Second - the separation grids 24 are placed in the upper slots 5 and 12 and 8 and 15 of the bottom separation complex 2.

Third, the bees in the hive are forced to descend under the beehive, under the influence of a bee repellent 31 placed above it. In addition, the bees leave the upper parts of their nest and settle below it, in the form of a bunch, in the bottom hive volume, 4.

Fourth step. The bees in the bottom separation complex, just below the dividing grid, are lightly swept and smoked to enter the bottom of the hive volume. The Hahnemann gratings 24 are then removed, and the movable bottoms 20 and 21 are placed in the bottom row of slots so as to extend outwards as landing boards. Thus separated beehives are completely detached from their family, while the flying bees freely enter the upper surface of the movable bottoms and from there fall unhindered into the donor family.

On the bottom hive volume 4 a rear entrance is opened with a landing board 32, through which the flying bees can return through their old entrance. Only the youngest, never-flying bees remain in the bottom hive volume.

2. The separation of the flying bees from the bee colony - c (thickness between 18-20 and 35 days. This is done without the use of repellent, as only the movable bottom 20 of Figures 3 and 4 is placed in the slots at a medium level. this, it slides to align its front end with that of the hull, and its rear end is fed as a docking board.Then a closing bar is placed from the front.Thus the front entrance is closed completely and the rear entrance of the titular family is opened .

At the front end of the hive, at the level of the bottom hive volume 4, a movable approach board 34 is placed. Thus the flying bees - those who have been working in the field and those who are now taking off from the donor hive to collect nectar or water, within the next half hour they burst into the bottom hive volume 4 and are completely separated from the family. In order to prevent their disturbing fuss outside and inside, in the _VD they heard a bottomed hive volume (which makes it impossible to remove them there, at this moment), a closing bar with one-way inlets is installed at the entrance, and subsequently with a vacuum. or with a pre-placed chicken coop, they are removed from the bottom hive volume 4 or given a mother there.

3. Separation of suckling bees only - from 0 to lS-20 days old.

Separation of all young bees, ie. to some of the bees that have already licked and to some of the others that have not yet done so, it is done by first separating and removing the flying bees, in the manner indicated above. The dividing grids 24 are then placed in the most manure slots of the two sectors of the bottom separation complex 4 and a repellent 31 is placed to move the hives inside. Then, the bees caught below the dividing grids are swept and lightly smoked to pass into the bottom beehive, after which the movable bottoms 20 and 21 (Figs. 2 and 4) are placed in the second-level hives, aligned with the front one. end of the housing 1 ends and with the closing slats the titular entrance is closed. An entrance is opened for the donor family from behind. The movable flight board 34 is mounted at the level of the lowest level of the buttonhole 714. This closes the approach to the nest housing 1 and the separated bees are now completely separated from their nest. Those bees that have already flown, feeling that they are not in their nest, take off from it, but land where it was, but now it takes them back to their familiar titular entrance, which is the hive space.

4. Separation of suckling bees only from 5-7 to 18-20-day trust.

The separation of the actual suckling bees from the very young and not yet flying bees is done by first separating and removing the collecting bees. In addition, it is necessary to divide the beehive space into two well-insulated halves along the middle support 11 of Fig. 4.

Then the order of manipulations is as follows: one movable bottom, eg 20 (Figs. 2 and 4) is removed and in this half, in the topmost slots, the dividing grid 24 is placed. The other movable bottom 21 is placed in the uppermost piles of the adjacent compartment. Repellent 3! Is put into action. After the required time, the bees trapped at the bottom of the dividing grid 24, (Fig. 2) are swept and smoked to pass down, and the free movable bottom 20, (Fig. 4) is installed in the lowest slots (below the dividing grid). . This half of the bottom separation complex is completely closed with the closing slats at the front. The hives separated in this way are tightly separated from their nest, and a side entrance is opened on this half of the bottom hive volume. The suckling bees take off through it and head to the place of their familiar entrance. There, however, one half of the entrance is completely closed, and the adjacent open half takes them into the adjacent underarm hive.

Thus, in one half of the hive space the youngest bees remain from 0 to 5-7 days of age, and in the other half - the suckling bees (from 5-7 to 1820 days of age).

5. The separation of bees of different ages is done by treating the family with repellent 31 in the evening, in the presence of flying bees and 4 bee individuals that have passed into the bottom hive space, they are separated from the main nest with movable bottoms. Then the separated bees should be taken away and transferred to a distant 3-5 km apiary.

6. The separation of all flying bees (collectors) and part of the queen bees is achieved by acting with the repellent during the day. The bees gathered in the hive space are tightly isolated from the hive, and the landing board 34 is mounted at the level of the slots 7, 14,, 7, 10 and so the flying bees fall into it again (in the hive hive 4.

7. Separation of part of the flying bees and part of the suckling bees, together with the mother. This is achieved by moving the hives inside the hive space by the repellent 31, without placing the dividing grid 24, after which a movable bottom 20 or 21 is mounted in the lowest slots of one compartment of the bottom frame, eg 7 and 14, while the other is placed in the uppermost 15 and 8. Thus, if the mother is in the newly formed family (with a very high probability), the number of returned suckling bees is minimal, and the flying bees are divided approximately equally, one they enter the familiar donor family, and the others - with their familiar mother from below. Gradually, the two entrances and the two families separate.

8. Separation of a take-off swarm. In case of danger of a swarm taking off, the active entrance of the hive, formed at the level of the protruding surfaces of the movable bottoms 20 and 21, is completely closed; they themselves are pulled back from the front wall so that a gap can be formed there for the bees, leading to the bottom hive space 4 (Fig. 5), a new entrance opens below the level of the movable bottoms 20 and 21, but blocked by a dividing grid , on which there is a funnel - shaped opening directed inwards and in front of which an entrance landing board 34 is mounted.

Application of methods for separation and separation of bees in beekeeping practice.

To create bee hives. The formation of branches according to the invention is made as follows: a housing loaded with several combs (with or without a file) is placed in the bottom hive space; the movable bottoms 20 and 21 of the bottom support frame 30 are removed and the donor family is exposed to the bee repellent31.

After ten minutes, the bees caught under the titular beehive are lightly smoked and swept, then the movable bottoms 20 and 21 are placed on the lowest level of slots 7 and 14 and 17 and 10, and the closing slats, which completely isolate the two families. without the flying bees rushing into the hive. In most of the cases, the mother of the donor family falls into the bottom space, thanks to which most of the suckling bees stay there in the new place and the brood begins its life without disturbing the age composition of its donor bees.

The layering can be made completely complete in terms of age composition, with the influx of some of the flying and flying bees in it, according to the method described in item 7 of the previous section.

If it is necessary to eliminate a swarm that has just arisen, in addition to part of the hives, all flying bees flock to the hive.

To create bee packages. Only bees aged 0 to 18-20 days of age are separated through the dividing grid 24, and no honeycombs are placed in the bottom hive space 4. After the formation of the bee cluster, the bees are removed from it, to the extent that it does not depopulate the donor family excessively.

For the removal of bees for the settlement of nuclei - the same is done.

To take away bees to populate transport cages for mothers. Only wins aged 0 to 5-7 days of age are separated through a dividing grid, and no honeycombs are placed in the bottom hive space 4. After the formation of the bee grape, the bees are taken from it as long as it is provided.

To give a fuck without looking for and finding the titular. Through the dividing grid 24, a part of the bees aged from 0 to 18-20 days of age is separated in the hive space 4, on combs (with or without brood). The new mother is added there. After taking it, the brood is periodically reinforced with young bees, through the action of repellent and separating grid. The next step is to fly the flying bees into the hive, as described above. Later, one movable bottom is removed and a second partition grid is placed in its place so that the insulation is carried out with two partition grilles placed one above the other. After equalizing the strength of the two families, they unite without removing the titular mother.

To concentrate honey stocks for the winter. The housings or stores, which are intended to be freed from the honey stocks, are placed in the bottom hive space 4, its movable solid bottom 27 and solid back cover 29 are replaced with their mesh variants, and the movable bottoms 20 and 21 of the bottom separation complex 4 are placed so as to direct the flow of flying bees in the bottom hive space 4. After a few hours, the movable bottoms are placed on the lowest row of slots, not touching tightly to the back, but leaving a passage through which the angry the newly discovered bee-collecting food to be able to return to their family and direct new bees TO it. In this way, an open passage at the back of the entrance prevents potential thieves from reaching the honey at the bottom.

For the collection of bee pollen. The bottom hive space 4 allows the pollen from the bottom pollen trap to be spread in a number of thin layers. This allows for more complete ventilation, provides space for the installation of a micro-fan and with all this makes it technologically possible to remove the precipitate now less often - once every few days.

For diagnosis, prevention and overcoming of a swarm condition and self-control of a flying swarm. Diagnosis of the risk of swarming mood, using the described device and method, can be performed sparingly and automatically. Excessive diagnosis is made by partially pulling any of the movable bottoms 20 or 21 forward and visually inspecting for the presence of bee clumps in the periphery and bottom of the beehive. The automatic diagnostics is performed by the electronic temperature sensor 35, which detects an increase in temperature around it and automatically conducts a signal to the GSM communicator 37, which in turn sends an electronic message to the beekeeper.

The removal of the flying bees of the bee colony, as the main preventive measure against swarming, is carried out by the device and the method only by directing them in the already described method in the hive space 4, where a queen, mature queen or only brood with open brood can be placed. , for a time.

Demari's method, known as the main anti-swarm method, is performed by separating part of the flying bees and part of the suckling bees, together with the mother (described in detail in item 7 of the previous section).

Preparation of the device for self-capture of a possible take-off swarm is carried out by closing the tightly operating entrance of the hive at the level of the movable bottoms 20 and 21, they themselves are pulled to release a passage to the bottom hive volume 4, an entrance below the level is opened. on the movable bottoms 20 and 21, with a dividing grille mounted and in front of it - the landing board 34 is locked. After a few days, the lower rear entrance with the landing board 32, also equipped with a dividing grille, opens. During swarming, the swarming bees with the mother fall into the bottom hive volume 4 and due to the impossibility of the mother to take off, she stays there, the bees recognize the new place as their own and continue their life cycle on the spot. At the same time, the electronic temperature sensor 36 registers an increase in temperature in the bottom hive volume 4 and, via the GSM communicator 37, sends a message to the recipient.

Advantages of the proposed patent device and method are the following:

1. In managing the strength of bee families by reducing their population; in the reproduction of bee colonies with the formation of broods or bee packages; in case of liquidation of a swarm condition; when taking bees for settlement of nuclei, bee packages, transport cells, etc., the need for individual inspections and selection of combs of one or several bee families is completely eliminated; from searching and finding the mother; from shaking bees, transferring combs, etc. The manipulations of the method are simplified, they are sprayed in a much shorter time, with reduced contact with bees.

2. The giving of a new mother is done in a qualitatively new way - outside the titular bee home and in the environment only to very young and well-off bees (0-5-7 days), significantly less manipulations.

with almost one hundred percent acceptance, and with

with. The replacement of an old manna with a young one is carried out without opening the torso and removing the old one, in much less time.

4. The underestimated beehive space allows to optimize other labor-intensive beekeeping works:

-concentration of the honey stocks and the cleaning of low-honeycombs is done only by placing the honeycomb to release them from the honeycomb space, with much less manipulation and for a much shorter time.

-when collecting bee pollen, thanks to the larger volume of the underestimated beehive space than that of the deep bottom, it is possible to carry out preliminary artificial drying on site and to collect it in an orderly manner.

Claims (5)

Method for non-contact separation of bees and swarms of bees, characterized in that part of the bee colonies of the bee colony is moved to the undershirt by the action of repellent (31), followed by division of the bees according to their anatomical and behavioral differences by passing through a dividing grid (24) and / or by changing the location and direction of the entrance to the hive, whereby they are taken to an additional underestimated hive volume (4), in which they can continue their development as a separate colony or take away, according to the pursued technological goal. Device for non-contact separation of bees and bee swarms, characterized in that it consists of a bottom separating complex (2) located under the beehive, additional under a tiny hive volume (4), below it and a diagnostic-information block 3, (figure 1). Bottom separating complex 2 (from Fig. 1), characterized in that it consists of a bottom support frame (30), (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) with a rectangular shape, along the side walls of which, there prozryazani left upper (5), means (6) and lower slots (7) on one side and right headers (8), means (9) and lower tplipi (R) _O t the other, in the middle of the bottom supporting frame ( 30), there is a middle standing support (11), on the profile of which on its two lateral sides there are also left upper (12), middle (13) and lower slots (14) on one and respectively right upper (15), middle (16) and lower slots (17) on the other, completely identical to those on the sides, sliding left and right movable bottoms (20) and (21) and partitions (24) into the slots. Additional undersized hive volume (4), (Fig. 5), having the shape of a parallelepiped, characterized in that it is positioned below the bottom separation complex (2), closing at the rear with a back cover (29), on which there is landing board with rear entrance (32), on its two side walls on their inner sides are mounted rails (26), under which are cut slots (28), in which slides the movable bottom (27), and in front of it a movable landing board (34) and a lower front entrance with a landing board (33) are located outside. 5. The information-diagnostic unit 3 of Fig. 1, consisting of the temperature sensors 35 and 36, and the GSM communicator 37, (Fig. 5).