BG112750A - Hammer for breaking rocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hammer for breaking rocks, which come out with bigger sizes during shot firing in open pit mines and quarries, as well in coarse rocks, which are formed at rockslides in mountains and represent danger for roads and people. These coarse rocks should be broken in smaller pieces, in order to be suitable for further processing or to be transported. Another application of the proposed hammer is to stabilize unstable soils, on top of which is foreseen construction of buildings or roads. Both types of activities are carried out with high speed of the impact parts, which repeatedly increases their effectiveness. The driving of the impact parts is carried out from a jet-engine with solid fuel, as well as with a jet-engine with liquid fuel. The use of a jet-engine for driving the impact parts allows for designing a hammer with minimal mass, which could be easily transported to inaccessible places for transportation equipment. Besides, the proposed hammer could strike on under every angle in space.

Description

Rock hammer

Field of technology

The invention relates to a rock-breaking hammer, the construction and drive of which allows efficient breaking of large rock fragments, which are obtained during blasting works in open pit mines and quarries, as well as for rock fragments, which are formed during rock falls in the mountains and pose a danger. for roads and people. These rock fragments must be crushed into smaller pieces to be suitable for further processing or to be transported. Another application of the offered hammer is to stabilize unstable soils on which construction of buildings or roads is forthcoming. Both types of activities are carried out at high speed of the impact parts, which increases their efficiency many times over.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are two types of breaking hammers - multi-hammer and single-hammer. In multi-hammer hammers, the impact part is driven by a hydraulic system or pneumatically, by compressed air, and inflicts numerous blows. These hammers are suitable for breaking artificial materials such as concrete, brick walls and asphalt pavements, but are not effective against massive pieces of high-strength rocks such as granite and the like.

One-hammer hammers break rock fragments with one or two blows on their impact part, which rises vertically from a hydraulic installation and when it falls freely, vertically, strikes the rock block. In order to have a large power, such a hammer must have a large mass. The large mass of such a hammer requires for its transportation and operation to use heavy transport equipment, such as chain, with a multi-ton mass. This makes these hammers more expensive, makes them unusable in hard-to-reach places, and they can only strike a smashing blow only vertically, which is not always convenient.

A common disadvantage of multi-impact and single-impact hammers is the low speed of their impact parts, which reduces their efficiency.

Technical nature

The object of the invention is to provide a hammer for breaking rocks at high speed of the impact part, as well as to strike at any angle in space and to have a lightweight construction. Its lightweight construction will facilitate the work with this hammer and will allow the use of mass transport equipment for its transportation. For hard-to-reach places, the offered hammer can be delivered with the help of a truck crane with a very long boom, with the hydraulic system for concrete delivery, with a transport helicopter or a drone.

The problem is solved by creating a hammer on which the impact part is driven by a reusable solid fuel jet engine as well as a liquid fuel jet engine. The impact part is housed in the construction of the hammer, which consists of a guide tube reinforced with upper and lower plates. Along the length of the tube there is a fixed angle, which provides orientation of the loop, which is attached to the impact part with the help of a "swallow's tail and wedge". In the U-shaped angle is a rod, which at its lower end has a movable stop with a roller that moves along the inner side of the U-shaped angle. At its upper end, this rod is connected via a bracket to the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder located on the outside of the guide tube. The hydraulic cylinder is fixedly attached together with a hydraulic station to the lower plate of the guide tube. Below the lower plate is a stop, which is a plate with an opening for free passage through it of the loop, which is fixed under the impact part. Around the opening of the stopper there are circumferential bolts with compressed compression springs, which rest on the stopper. The jet engine is fixed in the upper front of the impactor by means of two pins attached opposite to its lower part, which enter a made channel of the engine bed in the impactor. The jet engine is charged before each impact with solid fuel, most often in the form of hollow cylindrical checkers. The ignition of solid fuel is by electric current. The jet engine performs fast and efficient acceleration of the impact part with a high impact speed, with up to several and more times higher speed than that of multi-impact and single-impact hammers. The high impact speed ensures very effective crushing of rock fragments even from rocks with the highest strength. The combined action of the inertial forces of the accelerated to high speed impact part and of the thrust of the jet engine running and during the impact creates a destructive effect on the rock fragments, which is beyond the capabilities of the existing hammers. The jet engine also provides the ability to strike at any angle in space. The jet drive determines the small mass of the offered hammer and its convenient operation. At the bottom of the impact part is attached a loophole by means of a "swallow's tail and wedge. The wedge of the loop is formed on two flat sides, and the impact edge can be sharp or rounded. The hammer for breaking is mounted fixed vertically, inclined or horizontally on a metal platform, which is fixed, for example, in the place of the raking bucket of the fadroma.

In another embodiment, the hammer body is attached to the boom of an excavator, which may be wheeled or tracked.

In another embodiment, the hammer is attached to the boom of a truck crane.

In another embodiment, the hammer is attached to the hydraulic system for feeding concrete from a concrete pump.

In another embodiment, the hammer with two hooks and ropes hangs horizontally under a transport helicopter, airship or drone.

with

In another embodiment, the loop is a wedge with convex arcuate sides. Arcs can be parts of a circle, spiral, parabola or other geometric curve.

In another embodiment, the loop has a wedge with concave arched sides.

In another embodiment, the loop is cone-shaped with a straight forming.

In another embodiment, the cone of the loop is spheroidal, i. with a convex arcuate forming.

In another embodiment, the cone of the loop has a concave inward arcuate forming.

In another embodiment, the battlement is in the shape of a triangular pyramid with three flat triangular sides.

In another embodiment, the warhead is in the shape of a spheroidal tetrahedron with outwardly projecting sides.

In another embodiment, the loop is in the shape of a spheroidal tetrahedron with concave sides.

In another embodiment, the hole is shaped like a cylinder, the forehead of which has a convex spherical surface, and below it is an anvil consisting of two cylinders, the upper cylinder having a diameter larger than the diameter of the hole and its forehead having a concave spherical surface. . The diameter of the spherical surfaces of the hole and the anvil is the same or different. The lower part of the anvil is a short cylinder with a diameter larger than that of its upper part, and ribs with holes in them are fixed around. The anvil is located on the ground.

Description of the attached figures

The invention is better illustrated by the accompanying figures, where:

FIG. 1 is a section EE of FIG. 2 of hammers for breaking rocks.

FIG. 2 is a view A of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a partial section BB of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a partial section C-C of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a view of the abutment in the position for initiating the lifting of the impactor in the upper initial position.

FIG. 6 is a view of the abutment in a position after the impactor is in an impact position.

FIG. 7 is a wedge-shaped loophole with two flat sides.

FIG. 8 is a wedge-shaped loop with two arcuate protruding sides.

FIG. 9 is a wedge-shaped loop with two inwardly concave arcuate sides.

Fig. 10 is a cone-shaped hole with a straight forming.

FIG. 11 is a cone-shaped loophole with a convex arcuate forming.

FIG. 12 is a cone-shaped hole with an inwardly concave arcuate forming.

FIG. 13 is a loop shaped like a triangular pyramid with three flat triangular sides.

FIG. 14 is a loop shaped like a spheroidal tetrahedron with three protruding sides.

FIG. 15 is a spherical shaped tetrahedron with three concave sides.

FIG. 16 is a cylinder shaped like a cylinder with a protruding spherical surface and an anvil located opposite it, the upper part of which has a spherical surface concave inwards.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the upper part of the impactor with a jet engine housed therein.

FIG. 18 is a plan view of FIG. 17 on the upper part of the impact part with the jet engine.

Embodiments of the invention

The rock breaker is better explained with the following examples. The construction of the hammer includes a guide tube 4, which is reinforced at both ends with an upper plate 1 and a lower plate 9, FIG. 1. A cylindrical impact part 6 is placed in the tube 4, at its upper end a jet fuel 2 with solid fuel is located, and at its lower end a loop 8 is fixedly fixed by means of the connection “swallowtail and wedge 7. The soldier 8 has an edge which is formed by two flat sides 34, and which may be sharp or rounded. In its middle part the percussion part 6 is narrowed, and at its upper end a rounding 5 is formed - along the entire circumference of the percussion part 6 without the flat bevel 17. Along the length of the guide tube 4 a fixed U-shaped angle 15 is fixed. orientation of the edge of the groove 8, for which purpose the impact part 6 is flat beveled along its entire length with a plane 17, FIG. 2. Under the lower plate 9 is fixed by means of circumferentially bolted bolts 10 with springs 12 a stopper 11, which is a plate with an opening large enough for the hole 8 to pass through it. Two plates 19 are fixedly attached to the upper plate 1, to which two tubular housings 14 are fixed with bottoms in which bolts 13 are screwed. In the housings 14 are located cups with forks 21, and on the forks 21 are mounted freely rotating cylindrical rollers 20. The radii of the rollers 20 are the same as the radius of the rounding 5 of the impact part 6. Holes 24 are cut against the housings 14 in the guide tube 4, through which the rollers 20 come into close contact with the rounding 5 of the impact part 6. In the housings 14 there are also cups 23 in which the bolts rest. 13, and springs 22 are arranged between the fork cups 21 and the cups 23, FIG. 3. To the lower plate 9, on the outside of the guide tube 4, a hydraulic station 16 and a hydraulic cylinder 27 are mounted, FIG. 4. The piston rod 26 of the hydraulic cylinder 27 ends at its upper end with a bracket 3 to which a rod 25 fixed in the U-shaped angle 15 is fixedly fixed. At the lower end of the rod 25 a stop 28 is fixed. The stop 28 rotates about an axis 29, which is mounted at the lower end of the rod 25, FIG. 5. At the other end of the stop 28 is mounted a roller 31 which rotates about an axis 30, also mounted on the stop 28. For the stop 28 near the roller 31 one end of a spring 32 is clamped and the other end of the spring 32 is fixed to a ring 33 mounted on the rod 25.

In another embodiment, the loop 35 has a wedge formed by two arcuate protruding sides 36, FIG. 8.

In another embodiment, the hole 37 has a wedge of two inwardly concave arcuate sides 38, FIG. 9.

In another embodiment, the loop 39 is cone-shaped with a straight forming, FIG. 10.

In another embodiment, the loop 40 has a spheroidal cone formed by a convex outwardly arcuate forming 41, FIG. 11.

In another embodiment, the groove 42 has a cone with an inwardly concave arcuate forming 43, FIG. 12.

In another embodiment, the loop 44 is in the shape of a triangular pyramid with three flat triangular sides 45, FIG. 13.

In another embodiment, the spike 46 is in the shape of a spheroidal tetrahedron with outwardly projecting sides 47, FIG. 14.

In another embodiment, the spur 48 is in the shape of a spheroidal tetrahedron with inwardly concave sides 49, FIG. 15.

All edges of the listed loopholes can have sharp or rounded edges and tips.

In another embodiment, the hole 50 is shaped like a cylinder, the front of which has a protruding spherical surface 51, and below the hole 50 is an anvil consisting of two cylinders, the upper cylinder 56 having a diameter larger than the diameter of the hole 50 and its front has a concave spherical surface 57. The spherical surfaces 51 and 57 have the same or different radii. The lower part of the anvil is a short cylinder 53 with a diameter larger than the diameter of the upper cylinder 56. Ribs 55 with holes 54 are circumferentially arranged. The upper cylinder 56, the lower cylinder 53 and the ribs 55 are fixed to each other and form the anvil which is placed on the ground 52, FIG. 16. The openings 54 are for facilitating the removal of the anvil with a truck crane in case of deeper immersion in unstable soils.

Two identical cylindrical pins 18 are attached opposite to the jet engine housing 2, FIG. 17. In the upper part of the impact part 6 is formed a blind hole 60, which houses part of the housing of the jet engine 2. At a certain depth around the blind hole 60 is formed a circumferential ring 58. The two pins 18 enter the annular channel 58 through the two of passage 59, FIG. 18.

The rock breaker works as follows:

The hydraulic station 16 is supplied with electric current by cable. The hydraulic cylinder 27 drives up the piston rod 26. By means of the bracket 3 also moves up the rod 25. The roller 31, which rotates on the shaft 30 fixed to the stop 28, meets the end of the U-shaped angle 15 and begins to rotate in its middle plane. When moving the roller 30, the stop 28 rotates about the axis 29, which is attached to the lower end of the rod 25. The stop 28 raises the impact part 6 together with the mounted on it a bolt 8 and a wedge 7 until the rollers 20 are attached. forks 21. The force of the springs 22 is overcome and the upper part of the impact part 6 protrudes above the rollers 20. At this point the movement of the piston rod 26 and the associated rod 25 stops, and the rollers 20 pass through the holes 24 in the guide tube 4 to tight contact with the rounding 5 of the impact part. The springs 22, which are between the forks 21 and the cups 23, are tightened by the bolts 13 so as to hold the mass of the impact part 6 with all the elements attached to it. The piston rod 26 returns back to the hydraulic cylinder 27 and together with it returns the rod 25. At the end of the return stroke of the rod 25 the roller 30 comes out of contact with the middle plane of the U-shaped angle 15 and under the action of the spring 32 the stop 28 stands vertically. The jet engine 2 is charged with solid fuel and an electric igniter, which are not shown in the figures, and is placed in the blind hole 60 at the top of the impact part 6. When the engine 2 is placed, its two pins 18 enter the passages 59 and reach the annular channel 58, and the bottom of the motor 2 reaches the bottom of the blind hole 60. The jet motor 2 is rotated manually by about 90 degrees and thus ensures its attachment to the impact part 6. An electric igniter is connected to an electric current source. For example, with the help of a truck crane, the hammer is placed on the rock block intended for breaking. Electric current is supplied to the electric igniter and the solid fuel is ignited. The combustion of the solid fuel creates a reactive thrust, which overcomes the force of the two springs 22 and the rollers 20 come out of the holes 24 in the pipe 4. Then under the action of the reactive force of the engine 2 the impact part 6 is driven on the pipe 4 and reaching high speed destructive impact on the rock block. The stop 11 prevents the impact part 6 from coming out of the pipe 4. The solid fuel charge provides reactive thrust to the engine 2 during the impact on the rock block. This results in a unique combined blow that is very effective at breaking rocks. For the next impact on a rock block, the described actions are repeated. For different materials and minerals of the broken blocks, different variants of the described shapes of the hole 8 are used, Fig. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 15.

For stabilization of unstable soils there are two variants of action of the offered hammer. According to the first variant, the soil 52 is struck with an impact part 6 and a hole 50 is mounted to it, the front of which 51 has a spherical surface protruding outwards. In the second variant, an anvil composed of cylinders 56 and 53 is placed on the soil 52, the upper cylinder 56 having a concave spherical surface 57. The hammer is placed by means of a truck crane on the anvil and is struck by the hole 50 on the anvil. In the second option, stabilization of a larger surface area than the soil is expected 52.

Claims (12)

Patent claims Rock-breaking hammer, characterized in that in a guide tube (4) with a U-shaped angle (15) fixedly mounted in it and reinforced with an upper plate (1) and a lower plate (9), below which is mounted on circumferential bolts (10) with springs (12) stop (11), is placed a percussion part (6) with a flat bevel (17) along the entire length and mounted below it a bolt (8) with a wedge (7), and in its upper part a jet engine (2) with solid fuel is mounted, as the engine is mounted only fixedly attached to its body pins (18), which enter the passages (59) to the annular channel (58) and are rotated 90 degrees, also in the upper part of the percussion part (2) a rounding (5) is made along its entire circumference in which two opposite rollers (20) are tightly contacted, which are attached to forks (21), which together with cups (23) are mounted in two housings (14), which are fixed to plates (19), and between the forks (21) and the cups (23) there are springs (22), which are tightened by a bolt (13), as in the n-shaped angle (15) is located a rod (25), which at its lower end has a stop (28) with a roller (31), which rotates on an axis (30), and the stop itself ( 28) rotates on an axis (29) located on the rod (25), the stop (28) being connected by a spring (32) to a ring (33) mounted on the rod (25), and at its upper end the rod (25) is connected to the bracket (3) to the piston rod (26) of the hydraulic cylinder (27), as the hydraulic cylinder (27) is mounted together with a hydraulic station (16) on the lower plate (9). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge (8) is wedge-shaped with two flat sides (34). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the die (35) has a wedge formed by two arcuate protruding sides (36). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the die (37) has a wedge on two inwardly concave arcuate sides (38). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole (39) is in the shape of a cone with straight forming. Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the die (40) has a spheroidal cone formed by a convex outwardly arcuate former (41). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the die (42) has a cone with an inwardly concave arcuate generator (43). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole (44) is in the shape of a triangular pyramid with three flat triangular sides (45). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the die (46) is in the form of a spheroidal tetrahedron with outwardly projecting sides (47). Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole (48) is in the shape of a spheroidal tetrahedron with inwardly concave sides (49). Rock breaker according to Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that all edges and tips of the cracks are sharp or rounded. Rock-breaking hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the die (50) is shaped like a cylinder, the front of which has a convex spherical surface (51), and an anvil consisting of two cylinders is located below the die (50). , the upper cylinder (56) having a diameter larger than the diameter of the die (50) and its forehead having a concave spherical surface (57), the spherical surfaces (51) and (57) having the same or different radii, and the lower part of the anvil is a short cylinder (53) with a diameter larger than the diameter of the upper cylinder (56) on which ribs (55) with holes (54) are circumferentially arranged.