BG112474A - Turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbine and finds application in forming the construction of flow-through part of diagonal-flow turbine or Deriaz hydro- or pneumo- turbines. The turbine structure consists of an impeller (2) fastened on a shaft (1) positioned by a bearing-seal box (3) and housed in a turbine chamber (4), at the outlet of which at the periphery is mounted a helical gear (5) for a redirection of the fluid used.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a turbine and finds application in shaping the structure of the flow part of radial-axial or diagonal, hydro or pneumatic turbines.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Radial-axial jet turbines are known, the guide apparatus of which is located on the periphery of the impeller, where under pressure the direction of fluid movement is from the periphery to the axis of the impeller of the Francis type turbine, and the impeller is driven and rotated under the action of the reactive force of the fluid flowing from inside the wheel and of the active force caused by the twisting of the fluid flow. The fluid enters under pressure in the interscapular grooves from the periphery along the entire circumference of the impeller.

The disadvantage of this turbine is that when the impeller rotates on the working fluid and centrifugal forces begin to act, under the action of which the fluid tends to move to the periphery of the impeller in opposition to the direction of movement of the fluid flow. As a result, the speed is reduced and the pressure of the working fluid is increased, which transfers more energy from the impeller to the fluid, which reduces the efficiency of the turbine. As the impeller speed increases, a higher fluid pressure is required in the discharge line.

Under operating conditions that cause frequent changes in the pressure of the working fluid at the turbine inlet, pumping conditions are created in which the flow rate changes in size and direction in the flow section, which leads to unstable and inefficient operation of the turbine.

Another disadvantage is that the output cross-sections of the interblade grooves, acting as nozzles, are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the impeller, where much of the resulting reactive force does not act to increase the torque of the impeller, but axially loads the bearing. him.

Another disadvantage is that a special guide device is needed, which contributes to additional hydraulic losses.

TECHNICAL ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved is to design a turbine with such an impeller design and a turbine chamber forming inter-blade grooves, the output cross-sections of which are located on the periphery of the impeller. This design will reduce hydraulic losses, increase the efficiency of energy transfer from the fluid to the impeller of the turbine, eliminating the normal and tangential accelerations and their corresponding forces caused by the relative motion of fluid particles due to their centrifugal accelerations, which are counter of the desired forces and on the other hand the position of the output cross-sections of the interblade channels will further increase the efficiency of the turbine by redirecting the resulting resulting force. This technical problem is solved by creating a turbine design with a turbine chamber and an impeller with two or more inter-blade spiral channels, in which the supply line is connected directly and coaxially to the inlet of the turbine chamber and coaxially with the axis of rotation of the cantilever. wheel, to provide a higher pressure of the working fluid to the axis of rotation of the impeller, and a lower pressure to its periphery. The outlet cross-sections of the inter-blade helical grooves are located on the periphery of the impeller so that they are aligned with the axis of rotation of the impeller in order to increase the torque of the impeller.

The flow cross-section of the channels is variable in the direction of the fluid flow, as the ratio of the output to the minimum cross-section is from 1: 1 to 2.99: 1.

According to the invention, the cross-sectional area of the passage opening at the inlet of the turbine chamber is equal to the cross-sectional area of the passage opening of the supply line. The inter-blade grooves are shaped as open in the impeller and are covered with the front body of the turbine chamber.

The ratio of the outer diameter of the impeller to the diameter of the circumference described around the inlet cross-section of the turbine chamber is from 1.1: 1 to 10: 1.

The outer contour of the interscapular spiral channels is a spiral line beginning at a point through which passes a common tangent line of this contour with the circumscribed around the inlet cross-sections of the interscapular spiral channels circle and end at a point of the initial cross section with the greatest distance from the axis of impeller rotation.

The inner contour is a helical line starting from a common starting point with the adjacent outer contour of a helical channel and ending at the point of the initial cross-section with the smallest distance from the axis of rotation of the impeller.

The ratio of the diameter of the impeller to the width of the impeller is from 1: 1 to 10: 1.

EXPLANATION OF THE ATTACHED FIGURES

An embodiment of the invention of a turbine according to the description is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a radial-axis turbine;

Figure 2 shows a front view of the impeller and part of the rear body of the turbine chamber of a radial-axial turbine;

Figure 3 is a front view of a radial-axis turbine and a section of the turbine chamber with a spiral body attached.

EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

According to the description and figures, the exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a turbine having the following construction:

A turbine according to Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprising a radial-axis turbine in which an impeller 2 is cantilevered on a shaft 1 positioned by a bearing-sealing box 3 and housed in a turbine chamber 4.

The impeller 2 is formed by four open inter-blade spiral channels with a semicircular cross section for the movement of the fluid flow, which are covered with the front housing of the turbine chamber 4, to which a coaxial connection of a supply line is provided.

The axis of the inlet of the turbine chamber 4 coincides with the axis of rotation of the impeller 2. The cross-section of the channels is reduced in the direction of fluid flow to the periphery of the impeller 2 to reach the minimum cross-section of the interblade channels, which is concentric located relative to the original.

At the end, the outlet cross-sections of the inter-blade grooves are located on the periphery of the impeller 2, so that they lie in one plane with the axis of rotation of the impeller 2. The ratio of the outlet to the minimum cross-section of the grooves is 1.1: 1.

From the supply line the working fluid under pressure enters directly into the channels formed between the impeller 2 and the turbine chamber 4, gives its energy through the obtained normal and tangential accelerations, rotating the impeller 2, and through it the output shaft 1 receives torque to drive the another machine.

After passing through the channels, the fluid leaves the turbine.

The flow cross-section at the inlet of the turbine chamber 4 is the same as the outlet cross-section of the supply line.

The ratio of the outer diameter of the impeller to the diameter of the circumference described around the inlet cross-section of the turbine chamber is 2.4: 1.

The outer contour of the interscapular spiral channels is a spiral line beginning at a point through which passes a common tangent line of this contour with the circumscribed around the inlet cross-sections of the interscapular spiral channels circle and end at a point of the initial cross section with the greatest distance from the axis of the impeller rotation 2. The inner contour is a spiral line starting from a common starting point with the adjacent outer contour of a helical channel and ending at the point of the output cross-section with the smallest distance from the axis of rotation of the impeller 2.

The ratio of the diameter of the impeller 2 to the width of the impeller 2 is 3: 1.

According to the description and fig. 3, the device of the turbine, at the outlet of which a spiral body 5 is mounted on the periphery of the impeller 2 for redirecting the used fluid.

USE OF THE INVENTION

The use of the invention turbine is carried out according to the indicated construction and proportions in the description, according to which radial-axial or diagonal hydro- or pneumatic turbines are made.

LIST OF TERMS

By № 1 shaft 2 impeller 3 bearing sealing box 4 gurbin chamber 5 spiral body

LITERATURE:

1. G. Grozev - "Hydro and pneumatic machines and equipment", 1977.

2. P. Zlatarev - "Pumps, compressors and fans", 1987.

3. V. Gerov - "Fundamentals of Hydraulics and Pneumatics" 1981.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS A turbine comprising a turbine chamber and an impeller with inter-blade spiral grooves, characterized in that the inlet of the turbine chamber (4) is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the impeller (2) and the ratio of the outer diameter of the impeller wheel (2) to the diameter of the circumference described around the inlet cross-section of the turbine chamber (4) is from 1.1: 1 to 10: 1 and the ratio of the diameter of the impeller (2) to the width of the impeller (2) is from 1: 1 to 10: 1.