BG112341A - Photovoltaic elements location system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for location of photovoltaic elements that will find application in solar energy production. The system which has been created consists of photovoltaic elements (4) arranged in a frame (2) forming a photovoltaic module (1), established on a support structure (3). According to the invention, in each photovoltaic module (1) two or more than two of the photovoltaic elements (4) are arranged in one or different planes tangential to each other and forming rows of elements. Each of these two adjacent planes forms a v- or turned v - shaped row forming an angle Beta between them in the range of 52° to 108°. The plane of each row of the photovoltaic elements (4) forms an angle alpha in the range of 36° to 64° with the mounting surface of the module (1). The adjacent v- or turned v - shaped rows of the photovoltaic elements (4) form a spatial shape resembling a roof structure of a series of two-sided roofs.

Description

(54) The present invention relates to a system for the arrangement of photovoltaic cells, which will find application in the production of electricity from solar radiation.

A system is created, consisting of photovoltaic elements (4), located in a frame (2), forming a photovoltaic module (1), mounted on a supporting structure (3). According to the invention, in each photovoltaic module (1) two or more of the two photovoltaic elements (4) are arranged in one or in different planes, touching each other and forming rows of elements. Each of these two adjacent planes forms a v or l-shaped series, forming a beta angle with each other in the range from 52o to 108o. The plane of each row of photovoltaic elements (4) makes an angle a with the mounting surface of the module (1) in the range from 36o to 64o. Adjacent v or l-shaped rows of photovoltaic elements (4) form a spatial shape resembling a roof structure of a series of gable roofs.

claims, 2 figures For publication: fig. 1

SYSTEM FOR THE LOCATION OF

PHOTOVOLTAIC ELEMENTS

Field of technology

The present invention relates to a system for arranging photovoltaic elements in photovoltaic modules and / or photovoltaic modules in photovoltaic plants (FEC) for more efficient electricity generation per unit area, which system will find application in the production of electricity from solar radiation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known from practice that the existing photovoltaic elements are made of different materials, with those of silicon having the greatest industrial application. In shape, the existing photovoltaic elements are flat, with different geometric structure and different thickness. The photovoltaic modules of different sizes and power are also flat, representing a system of interconnected photovoltaic elements placed in a frame. The interconnected photovoltaic elements or modules form a power generation system with different power. The flat working surface of the photovoltaic modules is exposed to the sun and solar radiation. Typically, they are attached by a supporting structure to the ground surface or on the outside of buildings - mainly on roofs or other sun-exposed surfaces.

The power of flat photovoltaic elements as well as photovoltaic modules depends primarily on their working surface facing the sun and the intensity of solar radiation that falls on them; and also by their inherent efficiency, which determines the efficiency of converting solar radiation into electricity. The power of photovoltaic modules is an approximate sum of the power of the number of photovoltaic elements that make them up and are mounted in the module on a plane.

Similarly, the power of a power plant is an approximate sum of the power of its photovoltaic modules.

For example - the standard photovoltaic modules are about 60 - 70 pcs. polycrystalline photovoltaic cells having an efficiency of about 15% and a power generation of about 200,250 watts. The dimensions of such a module are approximately 1700 x 1000 x 50 mm, and the usual dimensions of standard photovoltaic cells are 156 x 156 mm, with a negligible thickness of about 1 and less than 1 mm. So, on an area of about 1.5 - 1.7 square meters are installed about 60-70 pieces of standard photovoltaic elements, which give a total electrical power of about 200-250 watts.

Thus, the construction of a system of photovoltaic elements connected in photovoltaic modules, its electricity generation is limited by the area on which it is located.

The same conclusion applies to the construction of a photovoltaic power plant (FPP), regardless of how many photovoltaic modules it has been built. Therefore, the main limiting factor for power generation is the area on which the photovoltaic elements or modules are mounted, i. the mounting surface, which is exposed to solar radiation.

The instantaneous power and electrical output of a photovoltaic cell, a photovoltaic module or a power plant, in addition to the area of the converting photovoltaic cells, depends on the angle of incidence and the intensity of solar radiation falling on a unit area of the photovoltaic cell or module. If the radiation falls approximately perpendicular to the working plane, its power is the highest and the photovoltaic elements, respectively the photovoltaic modules achieve the highest efficiency and percentage of conversion of solar radiation into electricity.

Thus, if, for example, 1000 watts of solar radiation fall on a photovoltaic module with an area of one square meter at an approximately perpendicular angle, at 15% efficiency of the photovoltaic elements, approximately 150 watts of electrical power are obtained.

with

The power of a photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic module also depends on the environmental conditions, temperature, dust, angle of incidence of solar radiation, shading and others.

Technical essence of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide such a system for the arrangement of photovoltaic elements and / or photovoltaic modules, by means of which the production of electricity per unit area is increased.

The problem is solved by creating a system for the arrangement of photovoltaic elements, consisting of photovoltaic elements located spatially in different planes and located in a frame forming a photovoltaic module mounted on a support structure. According to the invention, in each photovoltaic module more than two of the photovoltaic elements are arranged relative to each other in the same plane, touching each other and forming a series, or in different opposite planes. Each of these two adjacent opposite planes forms ν and / or λ-shaped rows, forming an angle β in the range from 52 ° to 108 °. The plane of each row of photovoltaic elements makes an angle a in the range of 36 ° to 64 ° with the mounting surface of the module. The adjacent v and / or l-shaped rows of photovoltaic elements form a spatial shape resembling a roof multi-slope structure.

When creating a photovoltaic plant, more than two photovoltaic modules are located in the same plane, touching each other, or in different planes, forming a series of adjacent modules. Each of these adjacent planes forms v and / or a - shaped series, forming an angle β with each other in the range from 52 ° to 108 °. The plane of each row of photovoltaic modules makes an angle a with the mounting surface of the plant in the range from 36 ° to 64 °, as the adjacent ν and / or a-shaped rows of photovoltaic modules form a spatial shape resembling a roof structure.

Embodiments of the system are possible in which the photovoltaic elements and / or the photovoltaic modules are arranged spatially so as to form spatial bodies, the shapes of which can be conical, pyramidal, spherical, hemispherical and parabolically concave or combinations thereof.

A variant implementation of the system is possible, in which the angle a and the angle β are equal to each other and are 60 ° each.

In another embodiment of the invention, the angle a is 45 ° and the angle β is 90 °.

Various embodiments are possible in which the angle a is 50 ° and the angle β is 80 °, or the angle a is 55 ° and the angle β is 70 °, or the like.

An advantage of the invention is the way the photovoltaic elements are arranged - in different planes at an angle to each other and at an angle to the mounting surface. Similarly - to the photovoltaic modules during the construction of the power plant, thanks to which the electricity production area per unit of installation area increases.

The arrangement of the photovoltaic elements / modules at an angle to the mounting surface forms spatial shapes and leads to a further increase in the power generation area and power per unit mounting area.

Moreover, the arrangement of the photovoltaic elements / modules at an angle allows the use of both primary and reflected, secondary solar radiation. In this way of arranging the photovoltaic elements / modules, the reflected solar radiation is not radiated back into space, but falls secondarily on the plane of the oppositely mounted elements / modules. In such an arrangement (in different planes at an angle to each other) the photovoltaic elements / modules are exposed to direct and secondary solar radiation - from the reflected solar radiation from the surface of the counter-mounted element / module.

All this leads to a significant increase in electrical production per unit mounting surface.

Explanation of the attached figures

The present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module mounted on a support structure;

Figure 2 is a diagram of the arrangement of the planes of two adjacent photovoltaic elements / modules, relative to the mounting surface.

Examples of the invention

Electricity production per unit area can increase significantly - by more than 25% if the flat photovoltaic elements are mounted in different planes - at an angle to each other and at an angle to the mounting surface, forming different spatial shapes. This way of arranging the photovoltaic elements in the photovoltaic modules, as well as in similar construction and arrangement of the photovoltaic modules of FEC leads to increased electricity production per unit area and in general to increase the power and productivity of photovoltaic modules and / or FEC without increasing the occupied installation area.

Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a volumetric photovoltaic module 1 consisting of a frame 2 located on a support structure 3. In the frame 2 are mounted photovoltaic elements 4 forming a three-dimensional shape, similar to a roof structure, with a series of gabled roofs formed by the photovoltaic elements 4 are placed in rows. Together with the mounting surface, the rows of photovoltaic elements 4 represent a series of triangular prisms. If the conceivable triangular prism thus formed is correct, it will have an equilateral triangle with a cross section on which one of the sides will form a base - part of the mounting surface, and on the other two sides of the triangle will be mounted photovoltaic elements 4. The surfaces on which are mounted photovoltaic elements 4 are located relative to each other and each to the base at an angle of 60 °. Thus, the sum of the area of two of the walls of the conceivable triangular prism on which the photovoltaic elements 4 are mounted will always be greater than the area of the third wall which serves as the base. In the specific case of a regular equilateral triangular prism, the area of the two rows of photovoltaic elements 4 will be twice the area of the base (mounting surface) above which they are mounted.

For example, in the case of a standard photovoltaic module with the above dimensions 1700x1000 mm, which for example has 60 photovoltaic elements, then on such a module, with the same area, if the photovoltaic elements 4 are placed at an angle of 60 ° to each other and to the base, install twice as many photovoltaic elements 4, ie 120 pieces that have twice the electricity production area, respectively power.

The electrically productive area of the photovoltaic elements / modules in the three-dimensional installation described above will be the greater, the greater the angle concluded between the mounting surface and the plane on which the photovoltaic elements / modules are located. This angle, denoted as angle a, is from 0 ° to 90 ° - Figure 2. The larger the angle a, the greater the number of photovoltaic elements / modules that can be mounted on a unit of mounting area. As the angle a increases, the angle of incidence of the solar radiation 5 on the surface of the power generation area of the photovoltaic element / module decreases. In practice, it has been found that when the angle a is in the range of 36 ° to 64 °, the electrical productivity of the photovoltaic element / module is the highest.

The angle between the planes on which the photovoltaic elements / modules are mounted is denoted as angle β. As the angle β increases, the angle a decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, at values of angle β tending to 180 °, the area of the photovoltaic elements / modules is equalized with the area of the mounting surface, and the angle a tends to zero. In practice, it has been found that when the angle β is in the range of 52 ° to 108 °, the electrical productivity of the photovoltaic element / module is the highest.

From the practically applicable range for the values of angle a in the range from 36 ° to 64 °, the most effective increase in electricity generation is obtained for the range of values of angle a from 43 ° to 57 °.

In one embodiment of the invention, the angle a is equal to 45 ° and the angle β is equal to 90 °. In this way of forming the photovoltaic module 1, the cross section of the conceivable triangular prism is an isosceles triangle with an angle of 90 ° between the thighs of the triangle. In this case, photovoltaic elements 4 will be mounted on the thighs of the triangle with an approximate power generation area 1.5 larger than that of the area of the mounting surface on which they are mounted.

With the thus constructed photovoltaic modules 1, the efficiency of electricity generation increases not only as a result of the total increased power generation area of the photovoltaic cells 4, but also by the reflected solar radiation from the surface of a photovoltaic cell 4. In this way the photovoltaic cells 4 solar radiation 5 is not radiated back into space, but falls secondarily on the plane of the oppositely mounted elements 4 from the surface of the adjacent adjacent conceivable triangular prism. In this way, the photovoltaic elements 4 or the photovoltaic modules 1 are also exposed to secondary radiation - the reflected solar radiation from the surface of the opposite wall of each adjacent adjacent conceivable prism.

The same applies to the installation of photovoltaic modules 1 in a photovoltaic power plant.

If the angle β is approximately 90 ° or less, or slightly larger, then all or a significant part of the reflected solar radiation from the opposite surface of the photovoltaic element / module will fall secondarily on the opposite plane on which the photovoltaic elements are also mounted. / modules. The part of the secondary radiation at an angle β above

II

90 ° depends on the size of the elements / modules. The greater the angle β of 90 °, the less of the reflected solar radiation will fall on the oppositely mounted photovoltaic elements / modules, therefore the secondary photovoltaic effect will decrease. If the angle β is equal to or less than 90 °, then the secondary radiation will fall entirely on the counter-mounted photovoltaic elements / modules and the total power generation will increase further.

An even greater increase in power generation per unit area is achieved when the photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged to form three-dimensional shapes, such as cone-shaped or pyramidal bodies, spheres, hemispheres, parabolically concave shapes and the like and / or combinations thereof, because then the area of the mounted photovoltaic modules will be significantly larger than the area of the mounting surface of the system.

For example, in the case of non-uniform mounting of photovoltaic elements / modules on different planes and spatial shapes located at an angle, representing an equilateral triangular pyramid - tetrahedron, the ratio between the area of the photovoltaic modules and the mounting area is 3: 1; ie in such an installation, when the photovoltaic elements / modules in the spatial installation form equilateral triangular pyramids, the working area of the photovoltaic elements / modules is approximately three times larger than the mounting surface. In this installation, the values of the angles between the planes on which the photovoltaic elements / modules are mounted, as well as between these planes and the mounting surface is 60 ° - the angles a and β are 60 °.

With such a spatial installation of photovoltaic elements / modules, the secondary photovoltaic effect caused by the reflected solar radiation increases, as the increase in electricity generation is over 45%.

If the elements / modules are arranged in different planes, other spatial forms other than ν or a-shaped ones may be formed.

Claims (8)

A system for arranging photovoltaic elements, consisting of photovoltaic elements arranged in a frame forming a photovoltaic module mounted on a support structure, characterized in that in each photovoltaic module (1) two or more of the two photovoltaic elements (4). ) are located in one or in different planes, as touching each other form ν and / or l - shaped rows of different planes, making an angle β in the range from 52 ° to 108 °, and each row of photovoltaic elements in one a plane (4) forms an angle a with the mounting surface of the module (1) in the range from 36 ° to 64 °, as the adjacent ν and / or e-shaped rows of the photovoltaic elements (4) form a spatial shape resembling a roof structure. on a series of gable roofs. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that in each photovoltaic plant two or more of the two photovoltaic modules (1) are arranged in one or different planes, the ν and / or α-shaped rows forming adjacent to each other. from different planes, concluding an angle β in the range from 52 ° to 108 °, and each row of photovoltaic modules (1) in one plane concludes with the mounting surface of the plant an angle a in the range from 36 ° to 64 °, as located one to another ν and / or a-shaped rows of photovoltaic modules (1) form a spatial shape resembling the roof structure of a series of gable roofs. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the photovoltaic elements (4) are arranged to form three-dimensional bodies, the shapes of which can be conical, pyramidal, spherical, hemispherical and parabolically concave or combinations thereof. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the photovoltaic modules (1) are arranged to form spatial bodies whose shapes can be conical, pyramidal, spherical, hemispherical and parabolically concave or combinations thereof. System according to ...... claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the angle a and the angle β are equal to each other and are 60 ° each. System according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the angle a is 45 °, the angle β is 90 °. System according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the angle a is 50 °, the angle β is 80 °. System according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the angle a is 55 °, the angle β is 70 °.