BE491422A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  Method and apparatus for the manufacture of petroleum gas.



   The present invention relates to a new process for the manufacture of petroleum gas or oil gas, and more particularly relates to an improved process for the production of petroleum gas by pyrolysis of petroleum oils with heat regeneration.



   Petroleum gas or oil gas has been manufactured for many years by processes in which petroleum oil is vaporized and pyrolyzed,

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 in the presence of a gaseous diluent such as water vapor, in heat storage zones * We start by heating one or more zones by burning a fuel, the hot combustion products of which are passed through the one or more zones, then, when these are sufficiently heated, oil is vaporized, which is pyrolized in the presence of a gaseous diluent in order to convert it into fixed gases thanks to the heat accumulated in the zone. At the end of a gasification operation, the zone is heated again, and a new gasification is carried out, and so on.

   This mode of heating may be called "cyclic heating" to distinguish it, for example, from the vaporization of oil in a retort in which heat is continuously supplied to the oil directly from a source of heat. heat. To be properly pyrolyzed, the vaporized oil must not only crack into molecular fragments, but the cracked products must be maintained in a heated zone for a sufficient time for the gas phase to reach a state of equilibrium, molecular fragments, strongly reactive, transforming into gaseous constituents with stable molecules.

   To ensure this transformation, the cracked vaporized oil is blown from the initial zone of vaporization and cracking, the temperature of which is relatively high, through a heat accumulation circuit, known as the "fixation zone" * The temperature in this fixing zone must be regulated in such a way that its average value is relatively low compared with glue from the combustion-vaporization zone in which the vaporization and the initial cracking of the oil take place, the temperature maximum prevailing near the combustion-vaporization zone and gradually decreasing towards the outlet end * At the moment when the vapors have

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 reaches the relatively cooler outlet or downstream end of the zone,

   the gas has been fixed and can then be cooled, with removal of condensable constituents.



   Thus, in the current industrial process, a combustion-vaporization zone is provided, which is often simply constituted by the ogen-c arburing gas cell of an installation for the production of gas with water because - buré: and on the other hand a heat accumulation circuit, often constituted by the "Superheater" of the installation for producing gas with carburized water.

   The combustion-vaporization zone is nothing more than a chamber leaving a space surrounded by walls resistant to high temperatures in heat-conducting material, chamber in which it is injected, in the correct ratio to allow combustion, a fuel such as tar, gas or oil, and on the other hand air, and where this mixture is burned.

   The products of combustion at high temperature heat the walls of the chamber, and are carried through the "superheater" in which the heat is stored in a stack of ceramic material, from where they are evacuated towards the chimney. the operation is called "blowing". then the oil, usually with a little water vapor, is admitted into the combustion-vaporization zone where the oil is vaporized and cracked, and the mixture sweeps the hot stack where it attaches to the state of permanent gas, and from there passes to the scrubber. This stage of the operation is called "gasification". These stages are repeated continuously for as long as necessary for the needs of gas production.

   In general, the apparatus is purged with: air or water vapor between "blow" and "gasification", or between "gasification and" blowout ", or at both at these two times; ' to eliminate undesirable products, or recover the gases remaining in the installation and prevent the accumulation of

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 tion of explosive mixtures. There are many variations to the industrial process outlined above, but all are based on the following sequence of operations.



   The procedure described above imposes certain limitations, the severity of which becomes increasingly greater. As has already been pointed out, the optimum conditions in the installation are those for which the combustion-vaporization zone is at a relatively high temperature, and is followed by a fixing zone at a relatively low average temperature compared to to that of the first zone, and in which the temperature gradually decreases towards the downstream end, These conditions are only with difficulty met in current processes because the temperature at any point of the installation depends above all on the combustion oil during "blowing";

   now a combustion rate adjusted to ensure a relatively high temperature in the combustion-vaporization zone likewise causes an undesirably high temperature in the path which follows it. In other words, the upper level of temperature in the combustion-vaporization zone is limited in order to ensure the desired temperature conditions in the fixing zone.

   It follows on the one hand that the temperature cannot be maintained in the combustion-vaporization zone at a level as high as would be desirable, and on the other hand that the temperature of the fixing zone cannot be kept as low as would be desirable, and thus it is impossible to achieve economically, in the present process, a relatively large temperature gradient between the combustion-vaporization zone and the combustion-vaporization zone. downstream end of the attachment zone, which would correspond to optimum conditions.

   This state of affairs is further aggravated by the fact that the water vapor admitted into the combustion-vapor zone

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 During the operation or gasification stage, the cooling effect is exerted on the part of the equipment where the aim is to achieve the highest possible temperature *
In addition, current industrial processes can only successfully use in the gasification operation residual low carbon oils. For example, oils containing more than 6-7% free carbon as determined by Conradson essay described later,

   cannot be used satisfactorily in the gasification stage because the carbon which is deposited on the stacks in the part of the fixation zone which adjoins the combustion-vaporization zone, ends up obstructing the system * It is therefore necessary to use only oils with low residual carbon, relatively expensive compared to oils, more abundant, containing a high Conradson carbon content, or oils with a high residue It is therefore becoming more and more interesting to develop a process for the manufacture of petroleum gas which would make it possible to use a high carbon gasification oil, since the invention and the increasingly widespread use of catalytic and thermal cracking methods in the petroleum refining industry,

   which produce more strongly cracked residual oils which themselves lead to higher proportions of carbon during their gasification. The economics of the gasification industry demand the satisfactory use of the cheapest residual oils that the petroleum industry can supply.

   In addition, the carbon that settles on the stacks during current petroleum gas production operations is a loss, since it cannot be used in the installation, and must be removed periodically by cleaning.

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 or intermittent blowing of steam or air *
Of course, all the above drawbacks are added to seriously limit the possibilities of flow rate of the apparatuses during the gasification operation - in effect, as on the one hand the temperature of the combustion-vaporization zone does not. can be kept at the desired high value, the fuel combustion efficiency during the blowing operation is less good:

   on the other hand, since the temperatures in the fixing zone cannot be kept as low as one would like, the denial of gasification during the gasification operation is reduced as a result of a too much cracking. Further, as the carbon deposit is removed during prolonged exaggerated "blow-off" periods, a new cause of poor yields arises as well. to improve the current processes, with a view to correcting the above-mentioned drawbacks.



   The main object of the present invention is an economical process for manufacturing petroleum gas or oil gas, making it possible to avoid or largely eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks.



   This process allows the easy establishment between the combustion-vaporization zones, on the one hand and the fixing on the other hand, of temperature gradients favoring the production of the maximum quantity of gas with high calorific value per unit of weight. of gasification oil used This process makes it possible to preheat the water vapor used during the gasification stage to a high temperature before admission into the combustion-vaporization zone while at the same time ensuring the establishment of gradients optimum temperature during the process.



  More specifically, the process allows the use of heavy residual oils with a high carbon content

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 Conradson as gasifying oils
Another advantage of the process which is the subject of the invention consists in the fact that it ensures an improvement in the yield by the use of the carbon deposited in the installation during the preceding stages of gasification, these deposits of carbon thus providing part of the fuel required during the subsequent accumulation of heat in the system * '
The process also ensures minimal sensible heat losses of the gas produced.



   A subject of the invention is also an apparatus allowing the implementation of said method.
According to the invention, a continuous regenerative process is used for the manufacture of petroleum gas by pyrolysis of petroleum oils, in which process heat is accumulated or stored in two communicating paths, with separate heating for the production. stored heat, each of these paths being preceded by a combustion-vaporization zone communicating with it.

   Said method essentially consists in admitting liquid fuel and air into the combustion-vaporization zone preceding one of said paths; burning said fuel in said combustion-vaporization zone, the products of combustion being sent along said path to store heat therein; in subtracting a fraction of this heat from the other path by passing it to the corresponding combustion-vaporization zone, water vapor in order to superheat the latter; admitting this superheated vapor into the aforementioned first combustion-vaporization zone at the same time as petroleum oil is admitted therein;

   to vaporize and pyrolyze this petroleum oil in the presence of said water vapor in the

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 first aforementioned combustion-vaporization zone and in the aforementioned first path: withdrawing the oil thus vaporized and pyroyzed and said water vapor from the first aforementioned path; and repeating this series of operations reversing the order of the two heat accumulation paths.



   It can be seen from the foregoing that, in accordance with the process which is the subject of the invention taken in its broadest aspect, two gasification units are provided, each unit comprising in mutual communication, a combustion-vaporization zone and a combustion zone. gas fixing.

   The sequence of operations which take place, namely "blowing" and "gasification", in each unit is roughly the same as in current processes, except that the water vapor introduced into the combustion chamber. tion-vaporization of one of the units during the gasification stage, is preheated to a high temperature beforehand by passing it through the fixing zone and the combustion-vaporization zone of the other unit from the downstream end from the first zone to the second. Yet this difference alone provides a number of unexpected benefits in addition to the results previously reported.

   Firstly, by passing water vapor through one of the units s in the direction indicated prior to its admission into the other for the gasification stage, a temperature gradient is ensured in the first unit more important, thus preparing it for the stages of heating and subsequent gasification.

   In other words, the temperature of the fixing zone of the first unit decreases notably from the region adjacent to the combustion-vaporization zone communicating with it towards the outside, that is to say towards its. downstream end, do such

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 so that in the later stage of "blowing" or heating this unit, more combustion can be achieved in the combustion-vaporization zone communicating with it, and as a result higher temperatures, all while maintaining a relatively low average temperature in the fixing zone, the temperature of the latter gradually decreasing towards the downstream end.

   Second, while fulfilling this useful role, the water vapor also heats up to a high temperature, which obviates the need for auxiliary heaters of the va-pour. This also eliminates the cooling effect observed in prior processes when heat from the combustion-vaporization area was used to superheat the water vapor *
Preferably, however, heat is also subtracted from the attachment area of one of the units by passing air there from the downstream end to the combustion-vaporization zone communicating with it and through this zone. .

   The hot gases thus leaving said vaporization-combustion zone are admitted into the combustion-vaporization zone preceding the other path at the same time as a liquid fuel is admitted therein during the "blowing" or heating stage.



   This characteristic, together with the superheating of the steam during the gasification stage as previously indicated, combine to provide a particularly interesting industrial process. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. tion, part of the heat stored in one of the two communicating paths, with independent heating, is withdrawn by passing air there to the corresponding combustion-vaporization zone to raise the air temperature and burn the gas. carbon in this path and in the combustion-vaporization zone

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 communicating with him.

   The resulting hot gases are then admitted to the combustion-vaporization zone preceding the other path at the same time as liquid fuel is added thereto. This is burned in the presence of these hot gases in the combustion-vaporization zone, and the products of combustion sweep the path communicating with it to store heat there. Another fraction of the stored heat is then subtracted the first path mentioned above by passing water vapor to and through the combustion-vaporization zone communicating with it to superheat this vapor, and the superheated vapor is then admitted into said zone of combustion-vaporization preceding the aforementioned second path at the same time as petroleum oil is added thereto.

   The petroleum oil is vaporized and pyrolyzed in the presence of this superheated vapor in said combustion-vaporization zone and in the second heat storage path, and the vaporized and pyrolyzed oil as well as the water vapor are then evacuated from this path * The cycle is completed by repeating the above sequence of operations reversing the order of the two heat storage paths * A gasification process of the same general principle, in which we pass l 'air countercurrently through one of the units prior to its admission to the other in the same manner as described above, but in which water vapor, if used, is 'is not preheated as indicated above,

   is the subject of the patent application filed simultaneously, on behalf of the applicant, for:
Thus, according to the embodiment defined above, the passage of air and water vapor through one of the two units in the direction specified, prior to their admission into the other. unit during
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 respective stages this "blowing" and c "s" gasification ",

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 leads to the establishment of a greater temperature gradient between the combustion-vaporization and fixing sonos of each unit, than in the case where only the vapor is preheated in the manner described, prior to each stage of gasification Equally important, however,

   is the fact that the air passing through a unit in the indicated sound gradually heats up as it approaches the point on the apparatus where the carbon devotees accumulated in the previous stage of gasification are most dense. The hot air causes the carbon in this unit to burn, which not only removes carbon, but further raises the temperature of the resulting gaseous mixture to a high level before it is released. admission to the combustion-vaporization zone of the other unit. This not only removes the cooling due to the intake of fresh air into the combustion-vaporization sound system of the other unit, but also ensures a higher efficiency for the combustion of the oil in this zone.



  In addition, as the hot mixture of gases entering the combustion-vaporization zone contains a relatively high proportion of sensible heat, both as a result of the withdrawal of heat from the first unit and that of the combustion of the carbon deposits, it will be necessary to provide d so much less fuel during the "blowing" or heating stage in the second unit. The reduction in the quantity of fuel required increases with the quantity of carbon deposited by the gasification oil, which carbon is in turn burnt during the passage of air in the manner described through the unit containing said gas. carbon deposits.

   Thus, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, not only does it become possible to use a less expensive oil during the gasification stage, but the cheaper the oil used, that is to say the higher the amount of carbon

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 deposited during cracking, the less fuel required.



   It will also be noted from the above that the high temperatures are localized in the part of each unit where their presence is most useful, that is to say in the combustion-vaporization zones, and in the part of the attachment zone which immediately adjoins each combustion-vaporization zone; while lower temperatures are established where they are most advantageous, namely in the fixing zone, and these temperatures gradually decrease towards the downstream end of this zone.

   It follows "ultimately that the fuel combustion efficiency is improved in each of the combustion-vaporization zones during the particular" blowing "or heating stage of the unit under consideration, and that the fuel efficiency The gasification is improved, with less exaggerated cracking, in each unit, during the gasification stage which is specific to it.



   The present invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description, given with reference to the appended drawing, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates the main phases of a complete operating cycle of the process which is the subject of the invention, and - Figure 2 shows the main stages or phases of a complete cycle of the preferred embodiment of the invention.



   As has just been said, FIG. 1 illustrates the main stages of the invention. In this figure, pipes 30 leading to a chimney are designated by 31 pipes leading to a scrubber, pipes 32 for supplying steam to the apparatus, 33 pipes for introducing oil to be gasified. , through 34 air introduction pipes and finally 35 through liquid fuel introduction pipes. Figure 1 shows two petroleum gas manufacturing units 10 and 11 each of which has a combustion-vaporization zone 14, 15, respectively, and a heat storage path or attachment zone 12, 13 respectively.

   Although for more ........

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 for convenience, separate combustion-vaporization zones and attachment sones have been shown, it should be understood that often, in practice, there is no precise demarcation between the combustion-upgrading zone and the attachment zone communicating with it .



  As seen in 1a, nuclei are provided to selectively introduce water vapor into the downstream end of each unit. A means among others for this purpose is indicated in the, where we see pipes leading to the downstream end of each unit 10 and 11 and connected to a common source of steam by means of a tap two-way 16. This arrangement makes it possible to direct the water vapor either to one or the other of the two units as required, or to cut it off completely. The following stages indicated in the drawing, lb, le and ld show the direction of the circulation of the water vapor; where no direction of flow is marked, there is no circulation of vapor during the stage considered.

   As a result, the watch shows means for selectively removing material from the respective units. One means for this is indicated in la and consists of providing suitable pipes from the downstream end of each unit 10, 11 to a conventional two-way valve 17, so that the gas from the respective units can be obtained. be directed on the washer, according to los needs * As shown in the 'usual pipes lead to a chimney.

   Also in this case ,. the successive stages indicated in 1b. le and 1d show the direction of flow in the two units * Of course, there is provided a pipe connecting the two combustion-vaporization sones between them, and the direction of the flow through this pipe during the various stages is indicated on the, 1b. le and 1d.

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   Although each gasification unit is in this figure shown as a unitary apparatus, it should be understood that the combustion-vaporization acne of each could be a separate apparatus or cell, such as a gasifier. carburettor of the type currently used in the petroleum gas production industries or (carbureted water gas, each of which communicates with a separate fixing zone such as a usual "superheater" of the type used in these industries ,

       Since the figure shows only the main stages of a complete operating cycle, it will be understood that the installation is already heated to start the operation, in the known manner, by combustion of a liquid fuel such as oil, tar or gas in each combustion-vaporization zone, and blowing hot combustion gases through the corresponding attachment zones. The units 10 and 11 can be connected to a common chimney or, better, to separate chimneys, to avoid the heating of the valves, and they can on the other hand be connected either to a common washer or to separate washers.

   Although the combustion-vaporization zones 14 and 15 have been for convenience shown as separate apparatus, it will be understood that, since the pipe which connects them is large enough for the passage of hot gases, the zones of combustion-vaporization 14 and 15 as well as the intermediate pipe which connects them, can in practice be joined together to form a single chamber.



     As can be seen in the in FIG. 1, the cycle can be started, after heating each unit to the degree required for starting the operation, at

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 the manner well known in the art, by admitting air and a liquid fuel in the combustion-vaporization zone of one of the two units, in the present case the combustion-vaporization zone 15 of the unit 11.

   The fuel burns in the combustion-vaporization chamber 15 and the hot products of this combustion sweep the fixing chamber 13 and pass from there to the chimney.



   The next main stage is shown on 1b; water vapor is sent through the unit 10 from its downstream end through the attachment zone 12 and the combustion-recovery zone 14, respectively. The water vapor circulating through the unit 10 removes heat at the fixation zone 12 heat which was stored there during a previous "blowing" operation ..:

  .... as this vapor approaches the combustion chamber - vaporization 14, it gradually heats up * However, as a result of the initial cooling effect caused upon admission into the downstream end of unit 10, the temperature in unit 10 gradually decreases from the combustion-vaporization zone 14 towards the downstream end.

   The pascal of water vapor in the specified direction thus tends to produce a high temperature concentration there. where their presence is required, namely in the combustion-vaporization zone 14 and in the part of the fixing zone 12 which is next to the last one, while at the same time a relatively large temperature gradient is established between the combustion zone. vaporization 14 and the downstream end of the fixing channel 12.

   The highly superheated steam leaving unit 10 is then admitted into the combustion-vaporization chamber 15 of unit 11, substantially at the same time as the gasified oil is admitted therein. In the combustion zone- @

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 vaporization 15, the oil vaporizes, and there is noticeable crackle of the oil thus vaporized.

   Due to the large quantity of sensible heat contained in the superheated steam, the water vapor serves as neither a heating place for the vaporized oil and also as a heat transfer medium between the exuded surfaces and the unit 11 and the unit 11. vaporized oil.

   On the other hand, it is understood that gasification oil can be admitted into the combustion-vaporization zone 14 during the passage of water vapor through this zone, in which case it will also be admitted into the combustion-vaporization zone. 15 in the name of superheated water vapor
The oil thus vaporized and pyrolyzed and the water vapor are then sent through the,

     attachment zone 13 where the most reactive molecular fragments of the cracked gases are transformed into gaseous products with stable molecules * However, as water vapor has already been sent previously through unit 11 in the same manner as 'through unit 10, a greater temperature gradient is established in a manner analogous to what has been said for unit 10.

   Thus the average temperature in the fixing zone 13 is lower than in the conventional fixing zones, which facilitates the "fixing" of the gases there and considerably reduces the risk of too much cracking. The fixed gas and the vapor 6'eau leaving the fixing sone 13 by its downstream end are @ ducted towards a scrubber *. 1c and 1d illustrate the completion of the operating cycle by repeating the previous stages, but with inversion of the order of the units.

   Confided we see it in 1c, air and a liquid fuel are admitted Sense the combustion zone - vaporization ion 14 of unit 10. Gum in the, the fuel burns and the hot products of this combustion sweep the sound system. fixing 12,

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 storing heat in it * I-ais e o n ï2 0 the unit 10 has just been swept with water vapor, as described above and as shown in 1b,

   the highest temperatures are concentrated in the. combustion-vaporization sound system 14 and in the part of the fixing section 12 which adjoins the latter;

   while the temperatures in the fixation zone 12 gradually decrease downstream. the main stadium
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 next, shown in the., corresponds -s that shown in 1b. to order. We breathe in water vapor
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 through 1;., sound system 15 of unit 11 to and through the. combustion-vaporization sound system 15.

   This water vapor removes the calories a. ', Ss, "1h ^" :, sll.é cii during the previous "blowing" com-3 indicated in la, the cooling naxiaum 4: alt takes place towards the extremity downstream, and the highest temperatures being located in the combustion-vaporization zone 15 or near it,
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 The steam thus superheated is admitted ôans the combustion-vaporization cone 14 of the unit 10 is carried out so that the petroleum oil is added to it to u4éï: ier. Corome mentioned above, a little carbonating oil can also be admitted into the conbuetion-vaporization area 15 during the passage of 4.rc ec: through glue.

   In unit. 10, the oil vaporizes and is pyrolyzed from the szj¯? '. R Ï.iâ3.el' .. as described above about lb, and the attached gz leave the downstream end of the fixing zone 13 towards the washer. the gas produced in each unit can then be submitted, as is well known in the
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 gasification, cooling to condensation.

   Normally, the hot gas is sent to a scrubber which is nothing more than a primary condenser in which the gas cools below the boiling point.
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 tion of water and where condensable products such as tars and other hydrocarbons are separated. Bitch

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 as mentioned above, advantageously a common washer of sufficient capacity is used to receive the products from both units at the same time.



   As already stated, Figure 1 shows the main stages of the process, and it should be understood that suitable "purges" can be advantageously carried out between two or more of these successive stages. For example, between the stages shown in la and lb, and between the and ld, an air stream can advantageously be blown in to sweep the unit in the direction indicated without introducing oil into the respective combustion-vaporization zones. The effect of this operation is to remove from the installation the harmful products formed during the combustion of the fuel before the start of the gasification operation.

   Likewise, between the stages indicated in 1b and 1c on the one hand and between ld and la on the other, the respective units are advantageously swept with a stream of water vapor in the direction indicated to rid them of traces of gas. of oil. During this purge, a stream of water vapor is also advantageously blown through the downstream end of the unit in which the gas has just been produced in order to prevent the production of any expbsive mixture of gas. and air in the next "blowing" or heating stage.



   Figure 2, as has been said, illustrates the main stages of the preferred embodiment of the invention. As in Figure 1, this figure shows two gasification units 20 and 21 each of which has a combustion-vaporization zone 24, 25 and a heat storage path, 22,23. In this figure 2, the reference notations 30 to 35 inclusive have the same meanings as in figure 1. As already indicated, although each of the two gasification units is shown as a unitary apparatus. , it should be understood that the combustion zone- .............

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 vaporization of each unit could be established as a separate apparatus or cell each of which communicates with a separate attachment area.

   Here again, although for the convenience of the description distinct combustion-vaporization and fixation zones have been shown, it should be understood that often in practice it is not possible to limit with precision the border between these two zones of the same unit. As the figure represents only the main stages of the complete operating cycle, it must be understood that the installation has already been heated for start-up, in the conventional way, by combustion of a liquid fuel in each These sones of com - bustion-vaporization and blowing of hot combustion gases through the respective fixing zones.

   Units 2Q and 21 can be connected to a common chimney or neither to separate chimneys, to avoid "hot" valves, and can be connected on the other hand either to the same washer or to separate washers.
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 As we see in bzz on i2.2, the start of the operating cycle can be carried out, after heating each unit, passing air through one = of them, here 20, since its end
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 downstream mite, that is to say the end through which the oil gas produced leaves the unit;

   9.through the fixing sone 22 and the 6th of cOlili.nu::tiol1-';c,ogéno::'ist;.tion 24, respectively * making its passade, the air heats up gradually, ot at the same time cools the fixation sone 22 d.ns um some measure, absorbing
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 some of the calories stored in calla-ci * The hot air causes combustion closed deposits (the carbon in the combustion-recovery area 24, as well as
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 d part da l A c.

   c fixation 2 which is close to the sound part (, 0 fixation c ,, Lii is close to the "combustion-recovery '4' The deSts of the cono do rTiXxnJ!? n'vC.li'-1 v4. U.x7. 34 The devotees (the

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 carbon in the fictional sone: 2 and e.l1S the 136113 do combustion-vaporization 24 are thus removed, and moreover these deposits provide a part of the. fuel required
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 to supply heat to the z3nc of c 0 no asti on-vaporization 24 and to the unit 21.

   The resulting hot gaseous mixture is then admitted to the combustion-vaporization zone 25 of the unit 21 while liquid fuel is added thereto. Due to the large quantity of sensible heat contained in the hot gases entering the combustion-vaporization zone 25, no more fuels are required to supply heat to the unit 21, and this fuel burns with better efficiency. .A make-up of air, in addition to that possibly admitted from the unit 20, can be supplied to the combustion-vaporization zone 25 if it is deemed necessary. The products of combustion coming from the combustion zone- spray 25 sweeps the attachment area 25, storing calories therein.

   But, as the unit has just been swept successively with air as described above, and with water vapor, as will be seen later, a relatively concen- tration occurs. high heat, and consequently a corresponding localization of relatively high temperatures, in the combustion zone 25 and in the part of the fixation zone 23 which adjoins the combustion-vaporization zone 25, while the temperatures in the fixing zone 23 decreases rapidly towards its downstream end. The combustion products leaving the fixing zone 23 can be directed onto a chimney which discharges them.



   The next important stage is shown in 2b: water vapor is sent through the unit 20 in the same way as in 1b of FIG. 1 described above. The vapor passing through the attachment zone 22 absorbs a new

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 how much heat is stored in it.



  During this passage through the fixing zone 22, the vapor heats up progressively until the moment when, when it has reached the combustion-vaporization zone 24, the hot vapor absorbs only a relative quantity. reduced heat * As indicated above in connection with Fig. 1, at this time a little gasification oil can be admitted into the stream of water vapor in the combustion-vaporization zone 24 .

   However, as a result of its initial cooling effect, the temperatures near the downstream end of the attachment area 22 are further lowered, giving an even greater temperature gradient between the two ends of the unit. The steam thus superheated is then admitted into the combustion-vaporization zone 25 of the unit 21 at the same time as the gasification oil is admitted there.

   In vaporization combustion zone 25, significant vaporization and cracking of the oil occurs. The mixture of cracked gases and water vapor then passes through the fixing chamber 23 in which it remains long enough for the cracking gases to be transformed into gaseous products with stable molecules. The gases thus fixed, and the water vapor, are then directed to a scrubber.



   FIGS. 2c and 2d show a repetition of the above-described stages, the order of the units being reversed.



  At a 2c, the air is passed through the fixing chamber 23 and the upgrading combustion chamber 25. As in the previous stages, the carbon deposits formed during the gasification stage proceed, burn and the mixture hot gas' is admitted clans the z5 zone of combustion valuation 24 at the same time as there would have the liquid fuel *.



  This burns in the presence of hot gases and the products This burns in the presence of these hot gases and the hot products of the combustion chamber sweep the fixing zone 22,

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 there shopping for it. chalour, then switch to the. fireplace.



  In 2d. water vapor is then passed countercurrently through limit 21, as we have gone above for 2b. and the steam thus superheated with the gasification oil are admitted together into the upgrading combustion zone 24 of the unit 20.

   As has been said, a little ion hyil can be admitted into the combustion-vaporization zone 35 providing the passage of the vapor stream, in which case this oil also enters the combustion-vaporization zone 24 at the same time. As long as the water vapor * in the combustion-vaporization cone 24, the oil vaporizes and cracks, and the vaporized and cracked materials pass through the attachment zone 22 as previously described. The fixed gases leaving the unit 20 are directed to a scrubber. The process illustrated in FIG. 2 is of course continued by repeating the operating cycle starting with stages 2a.



   As has been said, fig. 2 shows only the main stages of the preferred process and it will be understood that appropriate "purges" are preferably carried out between two or more of these stages. Thus between stages 2a and 2b and between 2c and 2d, advantageously is sent a stream of air through each unit in the direction indicated without introducing heating fuel into the corresponding combustion-vaporization zones. This has the effect of eliminating from the installation the harmful products formed during the combustion of the fuel before the start of the gasification stage. -Likewise, between stages 2b, 2c. and 2d. Sa, each unit is advantageously swept by a stream of water vapor. in the direction indicated to clear the appliances of petroleum gas.

   During this purge, a stream of water vapor is also preferably admitted through the downstream end of the unit in which the gas has just been produced to ensure the absence of any explosive mixture between the air and the gas. gas during the "blowing" stage

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 or next heating.



   As can also be seen in 2a, means are provided for selectively introducing water vapor or air into the downstream end of each unit. In 2a, a means for this purpose is seen, comprising pipes leading to the downstream end of each unit 10 and 11 and connected by means of two-way valves 27 and 28 respectively, to steam and air sources. Thanks to this arrangement, the water vapor can be directed on either unit or switch it off completely. The successive stages represented in 2b, 2e and 2d indicate the direction of cir-
 EMI23.1
 6th culation of steam or air as appropriate.

   Also, 2a shows means for selectively extracting materials from each unit. A means for this, indicated in 2a, consists in providing customary conduits from the downstream end of each unit 10, 11 0. a soft-way tap 26, so that the gas coming from each unit can be directed to a scrubber. as needed., Gum neutral e-
 EMI23.2
 As at 2a, these ordinary conduits leading to a cho- nineo are provided.

   In this case also, the following stages, 2Jb, Se and 3 &, indicate the sone-, ¯¯ E: c Tt? 1, .. n material class from the o :: tré - !. downstream unit of each unit It is planned. of course, as in fig. 1, a re
 EMI23.3
 link the sound systems;: "0 closed combustion-vaporization OCll: r units * lin at, 2b¯, Zc and 2d, lô direction of flow through this pipe is indicated.



     An apparatus which can be used in peppering the process which is the subject of the invention will now be described.
 EMI23.4
 Each part, namely the sound system This combustion-vaporization oone of fixation, can be the "1" which is Hone fixation, can be SC! .LO: "'. 0 e ::.

   CG which is currently used in. the included tris of the :: Gl: i.iWii0I3a Cornue as we said) read, its combustion-vaporization can
 EMI23.5
 tr0 constituted by any well-known Qsjjcroil used in this tre c.ï, i3. e.z c, o.u v: n.s goal, for example the fuel part of the device

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 
 EMI24.1
 conventional gas production with water carbide, or a combined 3azo; ene-cbnrtor suitable typo whatever such or 'it is used in the conventional plants <3 production of g; a2 te: .. ? (- ::

  i.'01e. ± read specially, the combustion-valorization sôno is nothing else -. "'Ans cîir.ïbi'c heat conductive material qn TUl1J or. Conductive material ev 120 heat rcci Being atec binding tû.'1 ;;;. '. üils'C..n; tC.G (lU3 brigues ro- 1: co.ct: =. i :: cs argillaceous, bi:? i tI CN: at c8, "' borumluE, ctiC. des- t7 .IIÉ: LS to combustion 01.7 ... liquid fuel of Cîl, u: i: i, ¯C;,, '1 cl¯au ī., Sufficient * 1 vaporization C. 0 oil eUt f. near C1G.1.u :: ... <: lf; has sufficient vaporization (The Ga3eïication oil. The walls of this chamber usually provide a sufficient surface to be able to store
 EMI24.2
 the calories required for subsequent vaporization and initial cracking of the gasification oil.

   The tank may be completely empty, or part may be fitted with a stack of ceramic material, for example.
 EMI24.3
 clay refractory bricks, carborundum bricks etc., allowing the accumulation of sensible heat,
As is customary in the operations of
 EMI24.4
 current gasification, the ccmbustion-vaporization zone is provided with a burner suitable for the particular fuel used. Normally, this burner consists essentially of one or more nozzles injecting the fuel into the combustion-vaporization zone. The burner can be provided with means making it possible to mix the air introduced with the fuel before injection into the combustion-vaporization zone or again all or part of this air can be admitted separately into said zone.

   Be that as it may, the air and the fuel are admitted into the vaporization combustion zone of each unit in proportions ensuring good combustion efficiency for the liquid fuel.



  The combustion-vaporization zones are also provided with means making it possible to inject oil to be gasified therein.



  These means are well known in the gasification industry and generally include one or more nozzles.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 arranged so as to project oil into the area at the desired times, in the form of rain.



   As regards the air sent through one unit prior to its admission to the other unit during the heating stage, its quantity must be at least sufficient to burn the carbon deposited in the first above-named unit. If the quantity of air sent to the first unit is just sufficient to burn the carbon there, an additional quantity of air can be sent into the combustion-vaporization zone in which the combustion of the liquid fuel takes place, in the quantity desired for maintain the combustion of the fuel there, On the other hand, an excess quantity of air can be sent through the first unit in relation to that necessary to burn the carbon deposits, in which case the quantity of air additional required will decrease accordingly.



  Thus, the quantity of air sent through the first unit can be sufficient not only to burn the carbon deposited therein, but also to maintain the combustion of at least most of it; and even all of the liquid fuel admitted into the combustion-vaporization zones.



   The heat storage path or "fixing zone" can be any device well known and used for similar or analogous purposes in industries producing petroleum gas or gas to fuel water. It is essentially made up of by a large chamber made of a material resistant to high temperatures such as refractory bricks, the interior of which is provided with numerous passages through which the gaseous materials must circulate. Usually the interior is lined with a stack of refractory material such as clay bricks, the part of the stack which is intended for

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 to be subjected to the higher temperatures, namely the part adjacent to the combustion-vaporization zone being made of carborundum bricks.

   The fixation zone is of sufficient volume to allow the gas currents which pass through it to remain there for a sufficient time for them to be completely transformed or to fix themselves to the state of stable industrial petroleum gas * The exact dimensions and shapes of the fixation area will be determined by considerations well known in gasification, among others the desired flow rate, the required residence time, etc.



   The fuel used during the "blowing" or heating stage to store heat in each unit, as indicated above, can be any liquid fuel commonly used in the gasification industry, such as petroleum oil, tar, gas, etc.

   Generally, the fuel used will be petroleum oil; For this purpose, a great variety of expropriated types are available in the trade, such as
 EMI26.1
 los oils & 3 fQur.NOs. 2 and 3, heavy residual oils, etc. Retort it has been reported, tar, retort coal tar, tar (18 Gas water carburetted,
 EMI26.2
 and the ol? t.ror. 2 petroleum of type 1) 1.'0 ('ni t during the present process, can 6 [;:. ÜaLtJ: t 3' or used COU10 COr.1- bustibles;

   0-c.mie this case the fuel must have sufficient fluidity to be able to be injected: ": i.r the burner in the zone cl 3 C0L101l5tion-vc, rÎo: ds [':' jion. This is suitable fluidity on. t 8ti'c obtained c certain c'.s chuf-Lnt con "', 011; .la joiri .... 1; .1. C obtained ûan & - IJ ...., -, - J.-D eus on \ j! ¯, -, ...... J.¯, - J. le 3'Tiidron, or the following heavy oil the Ci;. "St or by extending them by means of a liquid L" 1 sc 10 e Cu '.i3nc 1ll úlll'C harmful of less viscosity, or by these c1m :: we drown at the same time Comne on z :; indicated above, the preferred oodu do nise work of the invention for the use of oils This petroleum y: éï¯. ic, = .. t: Law1 of very diverse natures.

   While the previous processes were Units

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 
 EMI27.1
 to the use of clo jWtx'1 oils; containing :: i3ins of 7,., and preferably less kills 4 -the carbon vf? '. 3.'l.d,' '- i0tl, the object of this invention, & ona its. rlode of preferred implementation, easily lends itself to the use 0 'petroleum oils containing up to 1J /: ;;. 0 carbon 3onrac1son and ris o. We recall that the Oonrcson carbon c :: names C, -, iJJ.nv¯, ..., o ..

   We rh, .J2c c that the carbon "Qur", (..., on \, .. ", prino the proportion of carbonaceous residue remaining at the end of a cycle of caa.x: vc normalizes cJU (.- : .u, 31 we C0UrJ0t a weight determines the oil tested according to an operating r.10C3 denoted <1 ,, 'l1S standards 4'. '5. by ī'a "71.'l' .i; é.'v.ol .J..189-36.



  According to this:, 10 <70 operating, we heat a cterinë weight of the oil to a Vi 4G: ûf '. It is left in a crucible until a coke-like residue has been obtained, then this residue is heated to red. deduces the Conradson carbon content by the percentage of this carbon remaining relative to the weight of the oil tested. Either way, it is possible to use any of the petroleum oils used previously, such as gas oils or diesel oils or light hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gases, such as propane, butane, etc .;

     in addition, if the invention is carried out in its preferred form, petroleum oils known to be unusable heretofore, such as oils containing more than about 7% Conradson carbon, may be used.



   In accordance with the process which is the subject of the invention, water vapor, previously superheated in the manner described, is blown into the combustion-vaporization zone at the same time as the gasification oil in order to reduce the partial pressure. oil vapors. The relative proportion between the superheated water vapor and the carbonating oil can vary a lot as well as

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 is well known in the art * It can vary for example between about 1 part of water vapor to 1 of oil; by weight and about 1 steam to 10 oil.



   The average temperatures in each unit will be similar to those used in the conventional processes, for example between 6200 and 1095, and better still between 760 and 900 approximately * However, thanks to the process object of the invention, it is conceivable that temperatures higher high, from about 50 to 250 for example than in the known processes, will be localized in the combustion-vaporization zone of each unit, while the temperature near the downstream end of each fixing zone will be a little higher low, for example 50 to 1000 lower, than in conventional processes *
The examples which follow illustrate the implementation of the process without in any way limiting the scope of the invention.



  Example I.



   Two gasification units are installed, each of which has a combustion-vaporization zone and a fixing zone * Before the gasification operation in each unit, water vapor is superheated in the other as described above. above, and before "blowing" into each unit, air is passed to the other, as described above. the test lasts 22.58 hours, during which about 170 operating cycles take place, each lasting 8 minutes * the cumulative "blow-off" periods take about 51. ' of each cycle,

   and the gasification periods accumulated about 39% of each cycle. Purges and valve operation take the remainder in due course in each cycle.



   The oil used, both for caseification and as fuel is petroleum oil with a content of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 
 EMI29.1
 Gonrafison carbon of 0, 2 ;. Unit .. 1 consumes 8543 liters of oil as fuel, and unit N 2 consumes 12523 liters, for a total consumption of 0.136 liters of oil as fuel per meter
 EMI29.2
 gas cube ';'> l '') lcl1it. 'Unit 1 consumes 7. ::

  .38 liters of gasoline oil, and unit 2 is consonant with 126.03S liters, that is a total consolation of 1.517 liters of gas
 EMI29.3
 fuel per our cubic gas produced, and a total oil consumption, both in fuel and gasification of 1.753 liters per cubic meter of fat.



  The t ...,; erl2ze, weighting the operation are as follows:
 EMI29.4
 oila da combustion-valorisation 110 1 49 Lower part of ic, 1ne of fixation 1I 1 907 "Top of the sone of fixation 1 7430 ono ûo combustion-vajorisetioii ir 3 782 Lower part Ao 1 s3ne with fixation L.ro2 g210 SO !:

  1Il'lGt of the fixing sone l.r 2 588
 EMI29.5
 The water vapor is blown during the gasification stage at the rate of QO, 8 kg per limit, and air is preheated during the blowing stage at the rate of 440 cubic meters per minute. Additional air is introduced into each combustion-vaporization zone
 EMI29.6
 during each blowing stage at the rate of J32 per ninute. example II.



  We proceed cojnr-iu clans Loemle It except that we use a petroleum oil with a carbon content,; onr8. :: '. 60n of: 3, 02 ;: both for the c:; lau: t3 only for gasification *
Duration of the operation 17 hours
 EMI29.7
 .Duration due each cycle 8 inn.tes Relative duration of "blowing" 48 Relative duration of "g'a3éiiication 3 Fuel oil consumption
In unit N 1 7.125 liters
In unit N 2 7.057 1 Volume of gas produced 121.520 cubic meters Calorific value of gas 9.055 cal / mc
 EMI29.8
 Cor.cust .. oil consumption, I6 l / gas

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 Consumption of carbonated oil.



   Unit 1 87.008 1.



   Unit 8 87.620 1 Consumption of carbonated oil. per mc of gas produced: 1.442 Total oil consumption per mc. gas produced: 1,558 Average temperatures: combustion-vaporization ome N 1 8540
Lower part of the fixing zone n 1 871
Summit "" 1 699
 EMI30.1
 -Aone of combust-vap. lio2 777 Lower part, of the fixing zone N 2 869 Top "" 2 560 Water vapor speed during gasification 45.360 kg / minute Air speed during blowing
Preheated: 468 m3 per min.



   Additional: J28 m3 per min.
 EMI30.2
 



  ....: xample III.



   The procedure is as in the preceding examples, except that a petroleum oil having a Conradson carbon content equal to 13.03% is used for fuel and for gasification oil.
 EMI30.3
 
<tb>



  Operation <SEP> <SEP> duration <SEP> 24 <SEP> h.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Duration <SEP> of <SEP> each <SEP> cycle <SEP> 8 <SEP> mn.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Relative <SEP> <SEP> duration of <SEP> blowing <SEP> 42%
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> "<SEP> gasification <SEP> 49%
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Total <SEP> consumption <SEP> in <SEP> oil:
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> N <SEP> 1 <SEP> 1758 <SEP> 1.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  N <SEP> 2 <SEP> 1644 <SEP> 1.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Volume <SEP> of <SEP> gas <SEP> produced <SEP> 106950 <SEP> mc.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Calorific value <SEP> <SEP> of the <SEP> gas <SEP> 8690 <SEP> cal / me.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Consumption <SEP> in <SEP> oil <SEP> fuel <SEP> 0.032 <SEP> liter / me
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> of <SEP> gas <SEP> produced.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Consumption <SEP> in <SEP> oil <SEP> of <SEP> gaséff.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> total, <SEP> unit <SEP> n <SEP> 1 <SEP> 80510 <SEP> 1.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> n <SEP> 2 <SEP> 81330 <SEP> 1.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Consumption <SEP> in <SEP> oil <SEP> of <SEP> gasification <SEP> 1.518 <SEP> 1 / mc <SEP> of
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> gas <SEP> produced
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Consumption <SEP> in <SEP> oil <SEP> total <SEP> 1,550 <SEP> 1 / mc <SEP> of
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> gas <SEP> produced
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> average <SEP> temperatures:

  
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> zone of <SEP> combustion-vaporization <SEP> N 1 <SEP> 838
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> part inf. <SEP> zone <SEP> of <SEP> fixing <SEP> N 1 <SEP> 8690
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Summit <SEP> zone <SEP> of <SEP> fixation <SEP> N 1 <SEP> 735
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> zone of <SEP> combustion-vaporization <SEP> N 2 <SEP> 793
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> part inf. <SEP> zone <SEP> of <SEP> fixing <SEP> N 2 <SEP> 871
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Summit <SEP> zone <SEP> of <SEP> fixation <SEP> N 2 <SEP> 554
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 
 EMI31.1
 
<tb> Speed <SEP> of <SEP> the <SEP> steam <SEP> during <SEP> the <SEP> gasification <SEP> 58.5 <SEP> kg / min *
<tb>
<tb> Speed <SEP> of <SEP> air <SEP> during <SEP> the <SEP> blowing, preh. <SEP> 441 <SEP> mc / mu.
<tb>
<tb>



  Suppl. <SEP> 266 <SEP> mo / mn.
<tb>
 



   The advantages of the process which is the subject of the invention will appear better from the following table. In this table, results collected using tests similar to those described above have been converted based on 28.3 cubic meters of gas at 8940 cal / me. Four different oils were used, in Group A, 0.2% Conradson carbon oil; in group B, a 3% Conradson carbon oil. in group C, a 6% Conradson carbon oil and in group D a 13% Conradson carbon oil.



  In each group. Except for group D, the results obtained using the method which is the subject of the invention bear the odd number, and are compared with results obtained by a conventional gasification operation bearing the even number. As Group D uses 13% Conradson carbon oil.

   the apparatus of the conventional process becomes blocked and does not allow any results to be collected

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 
 EMI32.1
 13Z..3U on
 EMI32.2
 
<tb> Liters <SEP> Liters <SEP> Liters <SEP> Meters <SEP> Efficiency
<tb>
<tb> Group <SEP> lissai <SEP> oil <SEP> oil <SEP> oil <SEP> cubes <SEP> calorific <SEP> ++
<tb>
<tb> comb./ <SEP> gas / <SEP> total <SEP> gas /
<tb>
<tb> mc <SEP> gas <SEP> mc <SEP> gas <SEP> / mc <SEP> gas <SEP> hour
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 0.133 <SEP> 1.541 <SEP> 1.674 <SEP> 7018 <SEP> m3
<tb>
<tb> 1 <SEP> .99 <SEP> Il.50 <SEP> 18.49 <SEP> 248 <SEP> 78.6%
<tb>
<tb> A
<tb>
 
 EMI32.3
 0.226 1t5JO 1.753 5ô50 2 1.69 Il.42 13.11 ZOO 75.3
 EMI32.4
 
<tb> 0.106 <SEP> 1.527 <SEP> 1.633 <SEP> 6028
<tb>
 
 EMI32.5
 3.7 $ 1140 12.19 213 80.4;

   
 EMI32.6
 
<tb> B
<tb> 0.132 <SEP> 1.682 <SEP> 1.814 <SEP> 3962
<tb> 4 <SEP> .98 <SEP> 12.55 <SEP> 13.55 <SEP> 140 <SEP> 74.5; "
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 0.126 <SEP> 1.418 <SEP> 1.544 <SEP> 5830
<tb> 5 <SEP> .94 <SEP> 10.58 <SEP> Il, 52 <SEP> .206 <SEP> 81.2
<tb> C
<tb>
 
 EMI32.7
 0.1: l 1.556 1.787 3905
 EMI32.8
 
<tb> 6 <SEP> .90 <SEP> 12.43 <SEP> 13.33 <SEP> 138 <SEP> 76.9%
<tb>
<tb> 0.038 <SEP> 1.563 <SEP> 1.304 <SEP> 4217
<tb>
 
 EMI32.9
 7 .28 Il.39 17 .. r 145 80.S'-
 EMI32.10
 
<tb> D
<tb> 8 <SEP> ------- <SEP> -
<tb>
 ++ Ratio of calories in gas and tar to calories in the original oil.



   Numerous notifications can be made to the details of the implementation of the process which is the subject of the invention without leaving Six squares of glue.
 EMI32.11
 



  : .. UV i7.0I (t:. ::.: IOiU

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.


    

Claims (1)

1 Process for the production of petroleum gas by pyrolysis of petroleum oils with accumulation of heat EMI32.12 in two separately heated connanicants paths each of which is preceded by a combustion-vaporization zone co-communicating with it, this process being characterized in that it consists in introducing air into one of said combustion-vaporization sones in same time as <Desc / Clms Page number 33> a liquid fuel is admitted; burning the fuel in said combustion-vaporization zone, the products of combustion being sent through the corresponding heat storage path for accumulating heat therein; subtracting a part of the heat stored in the other heat storage path by passing a stream of vapor therein in the direction of the corresponding combustion-vaporization zone to superheat this water vapor; admitting this superheated vapor into the aforementioned first combustion-vaporization zone; together with petroleum oil; vaporizing and pyrolyzing said petroleum oil in the presence of said superheated water vapor in the aforementioned first combustion-vaporization zone and in the corresponding heat accumulation path; in removing the vaporized and pyrolyzed oil as well as the water vapor from said heat storage path, and in repeating the above operations reversing the order of the two said heat storage paths; 2 A method according to 1 characterized in that said liquid fuel is petroleum oil; A method according to 1 characterized in that said liquid fuel is tar; 4 Process for the production of petroleum gas by pyrolysis of petroleum oil, this process consisting in subtracting part of the heat accumulated in one of said paths by passing a current of air through it towards the combustion zone. corresponding vaporization, to raise the temperature of this air ot burn the carbon in this path and without the corresponding combustion-vaporization sown; to admit the resulting hot gases in the zone of com ion preceding the inter journey at the same time as liquid fuel, to burn this one in the presence <Desc / Clms Page number 34> hot gases in this area, the products of combustion sweeping the second path to store there EMI34.1 the heat; at flLtN-urc; .3..i'c 'The 111i new quantity of heat of the pr8r.:i-aT' journey by making a current of vapor towards the zone of C; Oqûl? t) .fli1- vtx) Oi.S: é: i.flï3 cfl '?.' .; S> l7xJ.'t: 'G to superheat this vapor; to admit the superheated steam into the second zone do (3J b? f.ti'J1-TT9, a0-'iSc ^ .. tL? YI mentioned above in "f ternpc. only petroleum oil, steam - riser and pyrolyze this petroleum oil in the presence of superheated steam in the aforementioned second sound system and EMI34.2 the route correspond; to extract the vaporized oil and pyrolysis from this second path, and to repeat the series EMI34.3 oi-doscus operations by reversing the order of the paths to accumulate this heat; 5 proceeds according to the :: '.) V0n \ icc.J, jion 4: in which the liquid fuel is oil to petroleum. 6 Brocédc follow claim 4 dcjis which the liquid fuel is tar. 7 apparatus for carrying out the method EMI34.4 r¯1-vlS.,.,. L. = 1rÎn.L - '\ .... p> hle in that it comprises a first unit of ion and a second unit of gasification, each of which supports a gas fixing sounds EMI34.5 with, a combustion-vaporization zone, a pipe connecting the two ôn3s dos COi111NÛ.0ï1-'tt.i7Jîit3.tlfln Means for introducing the va.p3U- 'of water in; the downstream end of the first unit so that this vapor passes through this unit and said pipe to the combustion-vaporization zone of the second unit, and means for introducing water vapor into the unit. downstream end of the second unit so that the vapor passes through the latter and the conduit to the combustion-vaporization zone of the first unit. <Desc / Clms Page number 35> 8 Apparatus according to 7 reinforcing nuclei to introduce air into the downstream end of each unit so that this air passes through this unit and the pipe to the combustion-vaporization zone of the other unit *