BE479312A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  PATENT OF INVENTION '"FISH LIQUEFACTION PROCESS."
The present invention relates to a process for recovering everything of value in the various species of fish which are industrially caught and processed by the fish industry, and either from the sea or from the water. soft, as well as the new and improved products thus obtained.

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  The primary goal in the poison industry is,
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 nature Liecient, to obtain fish which can be used for human food. However, it sometimes happens that we catch fish in '' 1Gr.1G time which cannot be used for this purpose. Such a fish must be rejected, either because of its nature or because of its condition, and constitutes waste. On the other hand, we remove the doors
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 Consonnabl <5s edible fish is prepared to fill it - either the fillets, the slices, the livers, the oils, the cheeks read from the '"!; res, and the; .. i: i (; c fish is discarded as waste material.

   A large part of the weight of fish caught C: .11 :: the fish industry, including whole fish of some species, and whole fish except edible parts of the consumable species, is not suitable but does not? H!) t 6trg used for human feeding.



  The recovery and the treatment of fish and waste have so far been carried out (in various manners' Cli.]:.!; However a characteristic Cni'ICllZi7 rlc all these processes of the prior art, which they saw as directed towards
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 cuperation of special parts or special elements of the fish. In cns, -. (Ucnce, the nbtc.-nu product is only part of the fish.



   Moreover, during such processes and in the
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 end product, fish. "have received various treatments .. :: cn1¯: -; LZcs, making their ¯anu (; E: ntini7 or storage difficult, and can also be proven under chemical and bacteriological conditions such as decay and proliferation of bacteria, and thus be a source of infection or contagion. Some uses have been found for these wastes of fish, such as fertilizer, bait, etc., but of so little value that '' a large proportion of those produced by the fish industry
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 was only considered to be waste, often causing harmful damage or infection in the surrounding area.

   On.: T: zlement

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 found uses. special for certain specific parts of the fish, which consequently have a high value, but this requires special procedures, and which are not, by tallow, applicable to such specific parts of the fish.



   It is therefore a first object of the present invention to provide a process for treating whole fish and / or whole fish from which, as explained above, only one or more of the edible parts have been removed, by which all the parts fish can be brought simultaneously and completely into a condition suitable for interesting commercial uses, with virtually no loss, and without having to discard anything. There is therefore ultimately no waste by this process, and all the raw material can be transformed into a single product.



   It is a second object of the present invention to liquefy such fish wastes, giving them certain predetermined properties.



   It is a third object of the invention to bring the fish waste in such a form and having characteristic elements and properties such that it lends itself economically to various adaptations and commercial uses, in the form of new and improved products from the fish industry and other industries.



   Other objects and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the discussion below.



   It has been found by the present invention that the whole fish - i.e. all the parts constituting the whole fish, is the solid parts, such as bones, scales, fins, flesh, viscera etc. or liquid parts such as water, oils, etc. can be made simultaneously and completely in liquid form, and so completely that practically no solid particles remain in the liquid product obtained.

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  Pure continuation, the totality of 1IC; i, [) ': u' "are" 'e industry:, L1 fish,,.' =; #i its whole and / or with respect to allX residues
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 leaves by removing any part selected from
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 the various edible elements can be li (juéfi, j1; or'lpl, tement
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 and simultaneously. The product created by the applicant's invention has
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 received, by 16 nQG1 Ûe "liquid fish".



  The words "liquid fish", new terms of the industry (read fish and also industries of sub-
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 fish products relate to and designate a new product
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 contains the constituents of whole fish or whole fish minus one or more of the edible parts intended for human consumption only, in particular the ch: air ('Fillets, slices and cheeks), 1-es 1'n9¯es , 7¯wrap the parts 1 r c- s in the liquid state and characterized by the fact that they ol1lJ; :: ':. ti7.,' I1 ^ C, l :: na J <c;: ij> .15 of solid particles '! 3 dimensions "<' /" 'Dlrn0' has those of CO1101de9 (that is to say of a diameter
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 not'; not exceeding 50 microns).

   It is understood that the expressions
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 "liqLÜcJe1t fish or" liquefied fish "used in the present application will have the: 1'y! 11'1Cl ': 1¯On specified in the definition
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 previous tion. Characteristic properties of fish
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 liquid are its flow velocity unifo.rrno, and (: 0 remain at rest 8LnE-J ;, ilit segregation occurs, and pass .'3. 'through Llr7 -I; .i;: ll: do 120 meshes per centimeter, with a maximum particle size less than> 1/20 'of a millimeter.



  This product can be obtained without disaggregation or mechanical separation of the elements of the fish '.rIJ.t, and' '1, ;; lcrW without prior cooking which have' 3: 1, l1Ú, n6cC8uir'2, -, c];) I1: J (the n0,, 10th I1X c, .ts, although, (ll1atrncJ these are large fish such as cod and haddock, such mechanical operations are advantageous.



  In addition, the treatment is carried out without giving rise at any time to by-products. The finished product isn't quite

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 harmless by itself, and cannot harm any damage.



  Therefore, according to the process which is the subject of the invention, the whole fish - either when they are caught or after removing the edible parts as indicated above - are placed in a suitable closed container. (The fish can be partially cooked beforehand, and mechanically fractionated, or not, as desired).

   Preferably, at the same time that they are charred (in order to: 1. carry out a complete reoartition in the load, without the need for additional operations), the fish are treated by adding a certain quantity of a strong acid to them, preferably an inorganic acid, such as sulfuric, hydrochloric or phosphoric acid, sufficient to give the entire feed a final pH of about 2.8 to 3.7. The container / is empty of air, and the charge is gradually heated up to 100 ° C. and above, under a corresponding pressure, while the permanent gases, for example, are allowed to escape. using a safety valve.



  Thus, entrained air, adsorbed, absorbed or dissolved gases, etc. are removed and expelled from the load at the start of operations.



  The heating of the feed can be done indirectly, for example by means of a steam jacket, but, preferably directly, live steam is introduced into, and through, the acidified feed. With the indicated conditions of temperature and pressure maintained, the feed gradually and completely liquefies, the solids turning directly into liquid, or dissolving, or otherwise reacting with the constituents of the feed.

   Although such transformation reactions take many forms and are complex in character, they do occur with all the solid elements of the pea in such a way as to break them up and separate them, to such an extent that virtually all of the constituents or ultimate residues of the reactions assume the state of true liquids, or the liquid aspect, or dissolve, or take substantially the dimensions

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 of colloidal particles, or more j;> li =; 1.Ù; q, s, lÉn others 1; <ir = i> is, although some residual solid elements of the.
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 fish are neither liquefied nor dissolved, they are present
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 :;> us extremely small dimensions, and like 1. ::

  s intermediate or associated components by themselves become liquid cDmD1LQmGnt, or. dissolve in the reactive constituents 1- ±, - quides of 1., -; cii. => r.:je, these 3 F-, 0 li, 'cs are released it G: 1, spe-s.: ls under a' "rriue s <1 ii; .i: 1-iJ 1, s ue ii colloidal.



  1i 1 ,; night of these transformations, the charge is, 0 a has it -LI liquofied the "fish n il 1.1 i CI e pr0jlÜt can> ltte rcbirc <iu vase, iJM of the rc-container E rC3ction on flowing
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 This can be done either by natural flow
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 to a lower container, or by poi; pei = jq ascending to the container placed above the reaction vessel, and without segregation, obstruction or adhesion, ii 1 # t surface of the pipes or
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 other gear used.

   In addition, liquid fish can be
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 concentrate [o # t: the appropriate iiéip0lTliÉÀOll and elimination of its volatile liquid elements at any ioi] llÉ of concentration-; -: .i? #i loss of; 'one was characteristic liquid - or the concentration can be 1 ':>:.: # pushed.' until the state '-' t plastic and finally jL1Slu '\ the state e 1 FL ori solid, and' I secberasse ± <=. i:, 1.i> .t <if desired.



  In these last forces we can denominate it '-' er "liquid fish" plastic, dried or not "": "solidified. Binding it is, preferably, a # i 1 n 4J / n in the liquid state, and - , 7 n a 0 tc q ii J> r -'- .J lee solid residues preferably of L5 55 '' n weight, and, at <zinīuii> .. 40% by weight.



  The resulting product can be handled, stored and shipped easily, and can subsequently be used 1; of. various wear - nais (the preference under liquid forr'e, under which it can be 'lanubentated = #. t ef.na.qasiné more easily and diluted if 1 n 10 desired, without s <' ¯ jn ' .J ja '# 1 nn is iL 1, pH
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 is maintained at a suitable value. However, it can be

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 transports in the state @olice (by drying or freezing) in which it is very satisfactory for many uses, and together with various other products.



   It is by the present invention, that while the physical state of the whole fish is thus made suitable for many subsequent treatments, its intrinsic values are not altered and are retained in its physical and chemical state thus altered. In fact, the total value of the fish is found to be increased over that corresponding to its separate constituents, and there are new values in the liquid fish, which are not found not in separate constituents, such as starting solids and compounds. 3011.11) in water, if used separately or as a whole.

   These new values are similar to those of vitamins, and are manifested either as an increased effect produced by known amounts of vitamins, or are, in themselves, new vitamins.



   For example, liquid fish, due to its liquid state and, therefore, its ease of flow can be dispersed and disseminated in pulverized form, under segregation or separation into its constituents. It can thus be mixed with various kinds of feeds, such as dry poultry feed, cattle feed, etc., which are finely ground, retort grain seeds, and can be dispersed in a similar manner. . In this way, finely divided droplets of liquid fish and powdered dry particles of food are intimately mixed, and precisely combined and proportioned.

   The resulting combined product has, moreover, a high nutritional value due to its proteins and mineral and organic salts, and its carbohydrate content, as well as value as a vitamin - with growth and growth factors. higher fertility than the sum of the various constituents when used

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 separately, in the form of cereals, fish meal and water of c c m 1 1 0U press water.



  A typical example of the r'8Gnte invention
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 will be described in its practical applications in industry
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 or fish, for the poison r7i1'r and / or the whole fish from which the edible parts have been removed for consumption: éi lJ 1 n lU, i: l.L7Gy etl He referring to elL1) '. drawings attached in the-
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 which:
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 Figure 1 which is divided c c two parts the
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 and 1 <...: a view o 1 on <.: ī .ti fl 1 n éil- on (; lÓVctt-1. {) 11 ele 1: 1 fully cooked des -¯tjW '; rl. '!'. '7 nécossaires 1- -lise implementation of the process, arranged from left to right in the direction of 10. rn ", -, =.': ^ 10n of the fish to be treated.

   The polka dots enter at ...: i ix c: 1 1; =: in the lu part, and then, pass continue to the Gx1; r, it6 right of 1; 4, then pass from the left of Ib, through the ')! jd3 (t..iCCIIC.I.IZ: ¯; i: ï0ng to 1-tnirC ;; i.1 .. r07 -'; 7? C 1i), which receives L) y '.' 0 (; ü i finished; Figure 2 is a view,; (; 1.:'1;,:;2.1 enlarged in d 1 1. = T; a 1 # 5¯ o and in section -; -. Ra ! 7, ': zT: -' :: Â-c with cut e> .à rt 1 <11. Ù, du ^: '? ¯ ..- 1i1 "of figure la,: wn1:; punt 1 level de, i 1,;. C) 1 .. 'r''na inside it; Figure ù µ U.,' 1 a (': J.:> 1i .ti01l,' '': .- 'he has ..J .... ti 1 <1 /; c'ielle.; .., Si: C intersects et = J.; im .i; 1 .i ¯.ï'] ^ :) y¯-¯;, .., '' e 1 t ::> l '; pr <C')!; ':.: ur.



  --Ti8 effect of 13 ... le, l'70''t-r: lL? T 11 C ', ¯C' '^ which 5,; past.



  Figure 4 3;} t a view:>. "detail of r: .n :. ' 8, in ¯¯ - :: "v", J7¯f Il and in cross section 'I-a'Jn. ", R;) T¯, ^ ,, i..c :, with parts' -':; '"" 1. \ C 11 .. :: c; s, de ltctC) r% .. tït'l1 1> 1.:; p 0 r3tc; LU 'final of the "1: Ili' :? G 1.1" "', fm7Ic7Llii the c'¯: -,:' ..,; '-. G dot across.



  In the practical application of the process, the fish may D 'T.'lô of various species or from one. single species, according to 10. "'daily ec'ae. In addition 1.1 C1'1..1rI, J: \ f: \ 1t coriporfer of whole c: ii: L30IJ" J whole or grazing from which only the parts have been removed xcom <st ib 1, cx. In both ('. <J, all the div ,,; rcolJstitUiJ.n:; 8 characteristics of the whole fish are

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 present, and are used.



   This material can be poured into the dawn 1, or on the plank 2. from where the Archimedean screw conveyor 3, moved by the actor 4, transports it to the trough 1, the latter being emptied by the noria moved by the motor 6. The fish is thus brought without discrimination, but more or less uniformly, into the hopper 7, placed at one end of the horizontal Archimedean screw conveyor 8, placed in the cylinder chamber - closed drique 9. The conveyor 8 is mounted on a shaft 10 which carries blades 11 and is driven by the motor 12.



   A steam line is placed below and parallel to chamber 9. and is connected to a series of manifolds 14, from which nozzles 15 run to the bottom of the otherwise closed chamber 9.



   The fish being thus loaded into the chamber .2- live steam is introduced therein, which mixes sufficiently with the fish to heat it, and may partially, but very slightly, cause the latter to be cooked beforehand.



  The passage time is 10 to 20 minutes.



     Arrived at the end of chamber 9, the fish goes down, by its weight, into a mechanical chopper 16 which splits the fish, if it is large - in pieces passing, for example, through a mesh sieve of about a centimeter and a quarter.



   The resulting pulp falls into the chamber 17, from where it is taken by the conveyor 18 to be subjected to the following operations.



   This preliminary heating or cooking treatment can be omitted, especially in the case of small fish or fish residues which have been processed into fillets, etc. In the same way, it is also possible to eliminate the splitting of the fish into smaller fragments. But with

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 this c. ;> i # n: to fish, t C OG. [: 1e la ri vr to c, the n, <7riec¯, etc., this W '.' ¯: ¯ii, e! 1¯8i7 'constitutes a mechanical conditioning ir /: liGÜl1uir: cn; ii; vs. i; developed [) oÜJfWI1S; of dimensions, consistency and uniformity of. load. It facilitated the preliminary humidification afalenent, as well as the: 'l, .ld1V; G with c 1' a c 14 i, and the action (I the latter will have the pea.



  When the load (the epv 1 ssv is removed (the chamber .12. Pur the transporter T8, it epa ia a to v2 '(; 7 <, h, a c) 1unln "G of" l61Clnce 12, o ", \ H3 luyuel2c: 7¯c is made in contact, puiu rnelan- jj:; with a proportionate quantity of acid - by 'ô -' .: 1.:)lJj 4% C; Y1 weight of sulfuric acid at 66 J3aur16, 011 a quantity eq to v0lGt of hydrochloric or phosphoric aciu3, or concentrated aqueous noiution, by means of i 1 <[! L '!, LPC, -) 1 in: jGcli () n 2C . (Capondant, :: 1 l ') i)) dJocillct (8 offers an I';:,? A'fi317C! '. Sufficient to attack by acid, it is pre: f6ralj1e to add the acid in harvest to a he fl Ô à5 he prccodcnt operations, and 'J.'i: j! -) to subject it to 10. heat, or n Ù r: .ie before it arrives in the CiClléZU18111 '.

   The acidified feedstock cie e p o 1 s s n thus obtained 'Cl1t; be brought to line 21 (so as to fill you if we want it to be a lifjnc of acid-proof diG3tGUrS, not shown), which is shown here cut beyond the pipe z ri? :, i 1 5¯; =: # n t ;; .: j 1 v 22. Cotte '. ; 'king.rc; :;: - t cN, ull.lnc1 through valve Q and leads to i, e: tor 24, preferably c ± top of it.



  While the charge ù r. r # 1; intrc '' '' uitc in s 1 é; 1 1- ..jù s - teur, ce ',.' 'l7 = t¯G' 'eot sounis a', '1' part 1 (by excsiple 380; 1, / # * ij cmrc to => ia), using ':' 0 'driving to. rod g5., Cni1C: i) .IlÔcSe - \ 1 - ('souca.e 26. can provide, r-utre, a valve ï'.: J., ..- :, ixv to j> .i, c 2 6. .L ')'; "J.) hI.i ....") .. 1 -'--, .... J nr Mt 17 <, i -l., ....: : i1 / .1J, t "'- c <1 ur st G 2' The digester is nuai of an agitating arhre 28, .., AU nr le (0" + - 01 '"", and bearing c: = 1 ^ Vja: 2! -, -I-r1'C "S :: 0 approximately '.> i -h. <. <ub <# to r, t: .rw fins 31 at the bottom of the c 1. # -;; 1> 1 :. of the u.ijcCe'fu ^ U1.

   The e ± go n of C-ilG-C2 1 n: # t "'l] ni of a

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 steam inlet, and distributors 32 controlled by the valve 33 of the pipe 34 (the pressurized steam, and a crimp sump 35, with valve 36.



   If the valve is closed, and the exhaust valve 27. and / or the valve 26 open, the pump 18 operates to bring the acidified fish load digestible to 24 until it is. approximately full, as indicated by dashed line 22. If valve 26 was open then it can be closed, and valve 27 can be opened or left ajar when valve 23 is closed, and steam is introduced through valve 22 and distributors 32 under pressure at the bottom of the load.

   In this way, the load is heated, all the air - or other gas - contained in the digester is evacuated, when the load arrives there, and the dissolved air or contained in the load is expelled under the effect of the vacuum and heat either through the vacuum line or through the safety valve as appropriate.



   It may be advantageous to cover the digester with an insulating material - not shown - to reduce the quantity of steam necessary to heat it, and also to avoid the excessive accumulation of condensed water, which it causes in the digester. load. A considerable amount of steam as well as air can, however, be discharged through the vacuum line and the exhaust valve when the charge is brought to the correct temperature and pressure, which is achieved in about one-half. -Blackberry, for example at 149 C, or approximately 3.5 kgs / cm2 of gauge pressure.



   These conditions are developed and then maintained, at the same time as the load is agitated, for approximately 3 or 4 hours, by upward circulation on the sides, and downward in the vicinity of the axis of the digester.



   The above simply causes the steam and pressure to act evenly across the entire

 <Desc / Clms Page number 12>

 
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 charge. The combination n; 1 e 1. 'a i 1. i 1: Q 5- <; . : 1; 1 n fi, (10 water, has the value, of the il) Ór1tllrG and of the pressure n .z: "n G r? A: u; int the dis- solution n to almost all of the various. constituents of fish, so intimately -i #. t if 1 cro; jz] - 1;.: - that 1 small proportion of definitely insoluble substances, which n 1! 30Jion- not ''. be dissolved or . liquefied remains in the state of fine subdivision where. it is originally found i <fl .ù; ix 1 coirps of the fish, .which unified and bound by the soluble, liquid or liquefiable constituents which its h dissolved c ' t lucfiéS) thus sapares of it in the ù d 1-, j ù stear.



  In accordance with the above, thus smiling the f :. (: #i bed of the c hé; 1 =::; 9 <. whole grazing and all c r.: T. P s:. ii fs: 'these last ss. [mu 1. 1; an é; o. iin 1; has the action, the acid, l. ::; - ip;:. i:; pressure and ± 1 ':: <ç ".l .:: -: .hi , n iJ, we dissolve all of the solublous, liquid and liquefiable summers of tD 0 -1 and we find; qu. ;; the residues isv 1 1 -: 1.: t "e meet, not only cry very small quantity,; .i. z 1; J 1 <: x # 1: 1.: .. e ii z 1. vn own s <1 lirs particles are? ¯ ':. ir i] i? de " randeur of those corresponding to the colloid state .'il, g ac "e lower.

   By c <fi a <J iju;: <. <T, c 1 of the cbar "e, cor! S '.; \ Ta.!. Ed c 5, ii 1. T µ ..: =. L. .i -: i ii .iJ ': 0.1: a' ':. # air' 'be solid fish n il riorcoaux of gold' 8 ::; 011 ':' ;, 1 tsp. 5 .. # .. 1 ; i1n :: .- r: 'r "!> r; nt' i liquid, or <# 1; a "=; i? colloidal, ± can grow iin 1- T r 1:;; 1 <.; c ri ts # .. <. s .i jjir ..i .j:. #. l # 1. vn . tic one reaches this stage which can be identified by a decrease i ce rqi, i 1 of the .ar; 1: I '..j imposed 0 on the motor L) 2L) C (by the agitator fins 70 and ±), valve 0 is (or almost) dull if it was not P ', lS previously - <i:.; .T,.: .H valve 6 is opened. 2Ï at this time, we makes the tank pass from the sump 22 s. pipe 21. (fi ::; urG la to Ib) through valve 3j3, filter 29 ", valve e iF0 and pump 41.

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   The. pipe 37 can be similarly mixed with other digesters or with an accumulation tank, not shown, intended to receive the "digested" charges coming from them, and send them to the evaporators.



   The pump 41 is used to raise the load and to send it to the first evaporator 42 of a th series of multiple-effect evaporators, three of which are shown here in series. As shown, on a larger scale, in Figure 3, the liquid fish is evaporated to about halfway, and brought, and then maintained at that level during the evaporation operation, or the larger one. part of it (fig. 3)
We. observe that the load, while in the digester, is subjected to high pressure and high temperature.

   This fact, and the high heat capacity of the feed which results in passing the feed through the evaporator, can be used advantageously. Although pumps are shown to effect the last phases of this transfer, the start of the evacuation of the digester in the evaporator can be effected largely by releasing the pressure it is supporting by simply opening the valves 36, 38 and 40.

   The first evaporation chamber may be at atmospheric pressure. The first evaporator chamber 42 (as part of the reduced pressure system maintained in all evaporators) can be subjected to reduced pressure which will be done by using the vacuum line 43 leading from the first evaporator 42. to the second 44, and from this point to the third evaporator 46 via the pipe 45 which connects it to the second and, at the end of the vacuum type 47 to an actuated vacuum pump or similar device, and not shown.

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  In this way, the char ",, e coming from the 'iyestor, hot' t under zj # ± ess 1 i .r, C; 1t is subject to a decrease in pressure, and consequently to a sudden vaporization. energetic e <1 n the prer.1ÍGrvapon.1tclJ.1 ', at the i, imo; ic nt or it penetrates, which causes the vaporization and the departure of a cereal
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 part of the water it contains. The pressure in the first evaporator 42 of the evaporation system can thus be
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 close to atmospheric pressure, or slightly higher,
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 or significantly less, at different phases, or during
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 totality if destroyed, of the transfer of the load. The last part due to the load can be evacuated from the li [estel1r and pipes it by means of the pump 41, the valve 40 then being closed.



  C1 '; r,'. ';:, In the 7? Si'! L: r '! 3 chaudiore G / r 2 est; 1. <.; i; the . i e ii lJ heated by intr0clui.s.illt '' '' e steam by the inlet pipe e 4 8 or by the uerpentin ha rlll1'JI 'of a valve do rye-' '-c. 11'1 '"' -0 -.LG billhook! 'Tin 4 is drowned in the load. The water which condenses in the sc-pentin 4"' J "':' 'l'CI1 (' '', ... ,, 1 "the Gte- evacuation pipe n ± 1. 'In this phase of operations,] a load is Iras fluid, and convection; rn .ui'; =., .¯.¯ Li heat,. ; t the evaporation is s uOE ± 1 sa; t; to make it circulate between the turns of the coil - and to maintain its uniformity, as indicated by the arrows.

   The water vapor coming from it charges it, = by the vacuum outlet pipe 12 placed in 1'11JéWlJ, all the liquid or solid particles entrained in this direction being stopped:> 1-::; not -. r-., 76r: S: y - '. AJ "' the screen na. to r'1L, UT8 as evaporation progresses, or as new char-cs are '-'1 -., tGfi he quit ;?. '' i't8! J1 '' (or the cli: ': nstc'L1TS), you can open the valve 22 of the exhaust pipe 54 from the bottom of the 4 cc boiler.; i 1 pernct 1 ;, '; Jcl .- :: 2.r; iJ of

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 the charma (either continuous or by "batches") in the second candle 44 (the evaporator. The charge enters from the bottom and comes through, a level corresponding to approximately the same height as in the first boiler.

   It submerges the coil 55, provided with an inlet 56, a tap 22, and a condensed water outlet 58.



   In the second boiler 44, the effect of the vacuum piping 45 will also be to aid the arrival of the load, as well as the greater light hydrostatic load of the boiler 42. In this boiler, for example, the pressure - Zion can be reduced, compared to that prevailing in the first, to about 355 millimeters of mercury. The temperature of the load will therefore drop somewhat below the normal boiling point, for example to 82 C.



   The heating produced by the steam coil, and the evaporation of the water will maintain the circulation inside the load, as well as its uniformity. Screen 59 will prevent solid and liquid particles from leaving through Vacuum Line 45.



   Further, when the charge is concentrating, or when fresh charges are ready for evaporation, and to be introduced from the digesters, the valve 60 of the line 61, leading from the bottom of the second boiler 44 to the third boiler 46 opens, thus bringing it to the bottom of the third boiler, and filling it again, to the same level as the first two. 'Coil 62, inside cell @ -ci is provided with an inlet 63. a tap 64, and an outlet 65 for condensed water.

   In a similar fashion, it is preferable that this coil be submerged by the load, that it heat to a temperature somewhat lower than that prevailing in the first two boilers - for example
About 52 C - because it is subjected to a lower pressure - for example 100 m / m of mercury (or 660 m / m of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 16>

 
 EMI16.1
 depression), vapors 61 n \ - .. :::. s ..> 5¯ r <5. # s <fl 1 r ..: <; l =; vs :. : cn. "i p ..." - ..... l¯ a \ .J f .... i 'j -mai ..'.,. 1 '.., 1 ....,. ) ..J .... L ... 'r., ..- i 1 ;, = :.

   E¯. l, i; (not rep-'ent.ae) j :. : i: t 1. pipe LQ,. any particle 11 2] lù 1 j ¯¯ i g or) icj j¯j j = j j; ne ç ji <=. j p <¯j n f y panetrer 117 Îoè a 1'écran n 6 iiy Gi = à c e at tca.perature plus #s i, .... z: T -. '#. <. i iJ:. i f; F #i '' t'c- v .'.- n -'.- t-.ion n j) 1 us i # F ..i j; J>% 1 = 1 # 1 n .l; x, and a i: ¯i noncon-hi-j.-hion cm'-laying, i;: 1¯, c 1: iàù. . : r-.n "'" 1'1' 1 ;? J: # .15. # R> a-itatcur in s 1, onc! rie 1¯ a cha-; brc dG ce i c h ci LI E 1? ce r. <Lin in 613: 1 <: 15 ±, l n ii: cet .a j j i t a - tcu.r ..; r to c to tree 60 '!' R 'v' i? i a n t 1¯ a "\" 'c (pl1) ",,,, to 70.



  La <: 1; = t x. : .j c #I .t ..i i i t so fl- p #, <: ...; i, m .. /. 5¯: T # ..: c n t <; , <i c # n b r to aar. '; ; g p .. n - iJ i o n., # i> i ± 1¯ 1 m 1 ii> 15 1 o de! water u <, j u 'i; 1 1¯. contains, and.; . "; ti e 1.; n #uiit 1. at the desired concentration, n can evacaer fl oavrant robinot 21 pu; r 1J an.'J. 'bac x'. Î 1..> c F -1; i 1 ;;; z: / c 1¯ <x troisiac chaa-: 'i% = j?! + E2. and leading to pipe 7 ...:' We pcn.t, if 1 r = nī u .i é r 1- re T. ãi, rt 1, t the tap j ±. 1r the cond'aitG n '7? 2 from 3, 0 the "j, v .LL-" v': s <# cn ii l; cc 1 # a to G 1 ii r 44 r-> 1. tap 7 9 crJli6 Ó, 1. a prc.iiore chandiëre, ru all z 1 1 s at qa>:, n'il 1 j; a a raiccn n:; j ù: aicon ,, L1 e, .t: i] - 1 .au.n> u = s - n danE;

   L- production n, 1 '1 1, n, 1 1. j <:;.:.; J: #, m, and if we ll.:.;-;5.l'C: .- .. read the levels, or concentrations of charges in the various lake sc 1 .: am di ii.:. i J la <; ? i a i: ..; returns to 1 ii x 1 to the previous boilers = e l'dv.poraten.ra 1 .9. "'and ... īii, t 1 peak, i ij its concentration continues. dais, when one -and in work, the la .. # a; .i 1 '; r usual ees unique, the proceeds, 1., char-e will advance c. r ifi "; 1 n:> e 1 1.

   T i:. # Infoj¯icojit 1 n at> at ij .t the lonr, I the conduct 72, at 1 '<# j .. ", the 1. cx ..in r.? P 12; .-. .: i? zl "'.ü:' ti8 upper of a boiler or.IL, empty e 1 nd É -: ';' ;: 'j (1-, nt'J LE? (=, i;; 4), aar le: 3011ï ', Ct 72. <er; 1, 1 -1 1r # 1, 1 1 r-. N à va c L1 aj u #. "Rce aii, .. vacuum pump (or a n '' '', \ '1' "analogous) / ¯ n: 1, ', j¯izi; <';. intc not shown, uses (the: Step n ù, ';' produce 13 ':.' ; '"rd:': .. '"' \ Tj¯l) t3 wants.



  'The boiler 7, -D. #: .i i i 1¯; g .. '' i.i ond inclined 78 con'ui.nt -er the 7c) him this ī z p 0 F # ": so as to make

 <Desc / Clms Page number 17>

 circulate the load in the direction of the lower part 80 of a second vertical tube 81, substantially parallel to the boiler 76. (] which has been mounted a coil 82, provided with an inlet 83, and a pipe evacuation 84 of the condensed water The upper part 85 of the chamber 81 exited into the middle or upper part (the boiler / chamber 76, through the wide duct 86.

   The level of the charge, as shown, is preferably maintained sufficiently above the coil 82 to cover it, and also high enough to allow free flow through the conduit 86 into the boiler 76. The pump 79 thus raises the charma, from the boiler 76. into the value coil 82, then brings it back down into the boiler 76 through the duct 86. The latter is fitted with a screen 87 intended for to capture all solid and liquid particles in the form of dust or mist, to prevent them from reaching the top of the boiler, and thus escaping through the vacuum line 77, which may end in a condenser or a heat exchanger, not shown.



   In boiler 76 the feed is concentrated by evaporation to the desired consistency, density the total proportion of solids, surface tension and viscosity. It is then evacuated by the tap 88, at the bottom of the chamber 81, by the line 89 leading to the pump 90 (fig. 1), and from there, by the tap 91 in the reservoir or reservoirs) 92.



   An outlet valve can be provided leading from the reservoir 92 to the line 94, going (in the direction of the arrow). to all appropriate means of final use or distribution, not shown. However, one can, in a variant, make / return the liquid, by the tap 95, towards the pump 41, thanks to which it can be returned to the boiler 42, and subjected therein to an evaporation and a

 <Desc / Clms Page number 18>

 
 EMI18.1
 concentration n m liJ é r i e mr es if there is some reason here (, desire them.



  The operation of the device with multiple effect of the terminal boilers can be adjusted depending on the load and the desired product properties. It can maintain, for example, a vacuum of e LY 5 7 ffi / m of mercury e 4>: <ii the boiler .la .irn 1 na 1 22, as well as a ct L # i:: p é l: 15 1 1 l = of 7 (oC approximately, during the e iJ <1 ;. ip needed to perform conceuhration
 EMI18.2
 final.
 EMI18.3
 



  Note that e 1 ..i fish load is, 1> ir.i. ± rl 5. : ate -: 'lOI1t after its introduction into the circuit under: [o1': no de aa- .lj 1 é i '<o 1 ..> t; .if o, sounise to a c:. #; # iri 1 1 s: a t ii on, either paT 'preccalahi coction, let li p # 1: ;; <addition of acid, - or both -, and that from this i mo <> ie; t and until note where. the finished product is obtained, it is not subjected to the action of any kind of steelworks nu <] 'r: r; -j. year 1 s J ± alive. In no L1.lJ : "z, 1 j is .t <1; ;, z <, i jj t of air or other az pOT ', ldnc; nt8 - oxidizing or reducing agents.



  This clearly prevents secondary reactions s # and n S vernation. Declared by-products, (the nothing that ld: utr6fCJc- tion. In addition, the finished product is r>. r = ", é: ...: cr-ntre all:.; gJ., i 1 g = i <; j lj 1 o!; or subsequent alterations, either .tq <hc / iJ 1, jui # s, or ysic, by its liquid condi'jion and> .i: i. "on db '.' .t chemical and its low pH.



  (, Oij: 1e r, n a 'indicates: above, the procedure is carried out;:.; I;. H::;: J:.: On fish which contain little life. : l =; to is - se '' u of oils - or in which, these cons' '' itu.-nts, when they exist, are left xdgnsj, i> j <r = 1 jj¯ 1 15 finished. Fish which give a strong c jp =:. <R = po rlJ 1 r- of oil or fat can, 1 "'.. i :: 1.nt.:" L "-: cUsGnGnt be treated with cetbo ù 1? Éi n 1 hj? e, "'es oil.' :: if c: t fats remaining in the product, i.:"la i it can be - and it usually is - av aii :> a:;,? L1> 1 of the s ''. parcr.

   In c C3, ...- uses the r! '' E ".e apparatus, '" t one operates e d la ;;; j; . ± <. = A n 1 1; r e, i, j = 1 it is then s ù 1: 1 n. 15: to jjc a;.:. ; '#i: j o i>, t <> 1 <a low a

 <Desc / Clms Page number 19>

 proportion 'of acid to the fish load, when one will proceed to the preliminary coction, for example in 96 (fig, 1) this quantity et @@ t sufficient to lower the pH, starting from.', its original value (usually about 6.5) to about 4.5. The treated fish, and having undergone the preliminary cooking, reduced, if necessary, into small pieces by the mincer 16, can then be discharged from the tank 17, and subjected to a pressure,

   centrifugation or similar treatment to separate the oil it contains. The remainder (liquid or solid) of the charge can then be put back into circuit, the operations then continuing to be carried out, from this moment, in the manner indicated above. The oil thus removed is of great value from the point of view of the vitamins of which it contains a great quantity, and is in a specially favorable condition, owing to its slight acidity, its treatment at low temperature, and the conditions of treatment of. fish, non-destructive with regard to the reaction characteristics and sensitivity of fish oils to physical and chemical alterations.



   The above procedure is given in full details, being the most convenient to use with large fish, such as cod, haddock, etc. @with these, it is convenient, retorted as indicated, to subject them to a preliminary cooking and / or a subsequent fractionation (in the chopper) into pieces of dimensions of the order of 11/4 centimeters. This is particularly advantageous with fish which are both large and oily, which at this time allows the oil to separate, as mentioned above.



   Pre-baking, however, is not essential to the whole process, and when it is carried out, it should be confined to effecting it at temperatures below 100 ° C., and for a short time, preferably at uleme nt.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 
 EMI20.1
 a few minutes. A main advantage of the pre-cooking is the removal of the fish ternpcrature so that when added a <iC 'it spreads out and does not scatter over and ii'; r'S :? Tt? the ',).;, "8 fish,, jL15.jn'alà ;; outer surfaces of each fish.

   As there are no quantities -y''Y'C'C1a71e8 of water r = L1 of other diluents, the concentrated acid is thus active, and ,, id ;;. Lt.l, 't dissolves the toughest ciccients of the fish first - l1ot :: Ji <îDSf1t scales, fins, tails and head skeleton, which are both wet and
 EMI20.2
 uniformly hot throughout their surface. It is therefore understood that the fish, if it is not
 EMI20.3
 not oily, r1L1 if there is no need to separate the oil and the ccrps ", '1';. 1 '" can be ii <.i> s 1 <directly to the' J1 ';' ;: teul. ' 42 (without ,, 1 '' '' 11'.Pi 'C! 1-.r' (acidify or moisten beforehand); we] ui then add the acid in the proportions (.,?. 9i.1 ' ;, 'eS, and the following steps of the process are implemented, according to 1, -, (jesc1'iptiol1 above, with success and cie fc-çon satisfactory.



  Of an analogous '.lane' Tuo, although a continuous process and a "fi ::;: JrGilla.8 suitable for this have :: - t !, described, CDFiG being the: nrc; G ( the rL'.alisation nr (f6rÓc, <.t Ócoill'rÜqllemel1t
 EMI20.4
 1: 1 more advantageous (the invention, it is clear that one
 EMI20.5
 can implement it by provided 3lJ.crGor \: 1.'f: 3S, and i tT?! = ('1'.



  . : "at T 8t3) SU saparaes in time and space. Thus we can treat the fish with an acid, centrifuge them to remove the oil, and then r; '' - l, l.: 3: i.1cÜncr - on the ..,:; atz on which they cto took, when one is CI1 st.



  CI '].:,: L1t then digest them L11ÛI'10i: T'f3 :: lC'n'f7p and concentrate them 0; [] f} a factory on dry land. Other fornes (the realization will come to the idea of people faniliarisces, \ TOC the
 EMI20.6
 #they sin the by-product industries.
 EMI20.7
 



  It is understood that for a more efficient preliminary separation and recovery of the oil or of the constituents from the poison one may be subjected:

 <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 pre-fired or otherwise treated, and then subjected to the action of a press to remove liquid elements from solid parts. The liquid constituents can then be separated, passing them through a centrifuge to remove oils and fats - and the aqueous fraction remains with solids. in suspension can be returned to the rear, and mixed with the solid constituents of the meal.

   The mixture obtained can then be subjected to the successive operations of the process, as described above, that is to say acidified to the suitable pH value, digested, concentrated, by evaporation, etc. as above.



   In the above description of the process and of the apparatus, it is recommended to add the acid to the feed when it is introduced into the digester. It has also been reported that in some cases partial acidification of the feed can be carried out - for example to lower the pH from 6.5 to about 4.5 at the time the feed is introduced into the feed. appliance used for preliminary cooking.

   These precautions are advisable, since it is not easy to make the said apparatus refractory to the action of acids, and a pH value as low as 4.5 will not attack. many building materials with which it can be made, while a pH value of 2.8 to 3.7 would destroy them. On the other hand, the digester can easily be completely lined. with acid refractory bricks, etc, and thus it will resist the action of more acidic charges.



   If, however, the precoction apparatus were constructed with an acid-refractory lining, it would be desirable and advantageous to bring the charge in this vessel to the required pH of 2.8 to 3.7, instead of acidifying it to this. point immediately before the digester. A similar preliminary acidification would naturally be obtained by the procedure outlined above, in which

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 
 EMI22.1
 suj; p # -, 1 <.; # before cooking, and we send the fish, 0'j.iÜt;:;.:; received, eJirf1ctement in the c7î; esttux, with the total quantity of acid (or acids) necessary to lower
 EMI22.2
 : # :: # the fold at the point desires from 2.8 to 3, '7.



   An exemplary liquid fish pre-concentrated according to the process described above exhibits the following properties, and characteristics
Density at 24 C varying between 1.15 and 1.26, on average from 1.20 to 1.24.



   Viscosity: - determined with a torsion viscometer
 EMI22.3
 (Ce, ': 3tornisr, with a weight of 600 gr at 24 C - maximum: n 150 revolutions per minute, minimum 260 revolutions per minute.



   Solubility
 EMI22.4
 Organic substances' co '1,', l \ -J "c 1.1, fi0 / à:; T'T '' 'C, 1 - = c 1. iG1' - filter) tz?; W-.nces insoluble minerals :, 90; {,.



  DiDel'sions cîes s part ules, 10IJt'rj "", G (J \ Jt ÁU t'lis standard of 40 1 "Lxl¯Z.eûC!; N'i: iCll <7ti-1 ¯ '', Wes i 'i5Ei: Jixinc of 120 rlélillG sIee I1t, metro Organic 0.025% Inorganic 2.60 / o The dimensions of the larger particles eati: rds en: iL} S7C; a C'311Jif; ss salts which crystallize during 1 '<1. =. iporation of: 8iv8: J i soap, and of 7¯ nrd¯e of - or lower than - colloidal riwnions, or even in the liquid state or in solu- - '= ion -;:, - :, c: ulc :: si',: ':: j:.: =, ll'7: 3 dej'i? j¯Lqjj¯dj3¯jro. J ..! 3.r the iaccc 7ccri 'cl above ..
 EMI22.5
 



  Tc-1 '± C "i r.jiusFolidos 52.30'o 50.20 / c 46.00% (ct;: x -" i -ii - 1 1 r 4laà ,; évapora-' h i- 0 " 1 'E arouses) the rmr.! # I; incx (11 x 6.25)> 14-0' µ2, 5 # 30.50
 EMI22.6
 
<tb> Humle <SEP> 5.01 <SEP> 3.81 <SEP> 2.50
<tb> Ashes <SEP> 13.20 <SEP> 13.80
<tb>
 
 EMI22.7
 C.lcic (CUD 3.24 j92C 5130
 EMI22.8
 
<tb> Phosphorus <SEP> (P) <SEP> 1.71 <SEP> 1.59 <SEP> 1.70
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 
In deep-sea fishing, which may involve fairly prolonged sea voyages, it is often necessary to carry out the operations of emptying the fish, and storing the empty fish in the boat, and at sea. In this case, the empty fish are brought to the port, and the edible portions are then removed.

   When this has been done, the remainder of the fish constitutes the pot fish, minus the edible portions and viscera. The implementation of the process is the same as above, but the product obtained will then correspond to "liquid fish" minus the elements of the viscera and minus the edible parts.


    

Claims (1)

ABSTRACT A) Process for the preparation of liquefied fish, characterized by the following points, separately or in combination; 1) All the constituents of the fish are brought into contact simultaneously with an acid / and an atmosphere of water vapor under pressure and at elevated temperature, this contact lasting until the load is practically completely reduced by particles smaller than 50 microns. 2) The acid has a concentration corresponding to a pH of 2.8 to 3.7. 3) The acid used is sulfuric, hydrochloric or phosphoric acid. 4) The charge is subjected to / evaporation in vacuum. 5) Evaporation of the feed is carried to the point where the solids content by weight is at least 40%. 6) The load. is practically brought in. all in the colloidal state. <Desc / Clms Page number 24> 7) Whole fish are used, minus the edible parts, to make up the load. 8) We use, to constitute the load, whole fish, minus the viscera. B) As a new industrial product, liquid fish, prepared by the above process or by any other process giving it the same characteristics.