BE1030194A1 - WASTE WATER TREATMENT DEVICE AND FACILITY - Google Patents

Abstract

Device and installation for the purification of domestic, agricultural and/or industrial waste water, configured for installation at least partially underground, the device comprising an aerobic reactor (10) comprising a series of essentially horizontal tubes (131-136), each tubes of the series of tubes (131-136) being in fluid connection upstream with a distribution chamber (120) and downstream with a ventilation chamber (140), the distribution chamber (120) and the ventilation chamber (140) being provided with passive ventilation chimneys (121, 141) of the aerobic reactor (10), the tubes (131-136) of the aerobic reactor being made of porous alveolar concrete, the porosity coefficient of which is at least 35% , these alveolar concrete tubes being configured to allow both the progressive transit by percolation of waste water through the material, the installation of purifying biomass and aeration by passive ventilation.

Description

WASTE WATER TREATMENT DEVICE AND FACILITY

Technical area

The present invention relates to the purification (purification) of waste water and more particularly to waste water purification devices in the fields of domestic, agricultural and/or industrial waste water, as well as the installation of such devices.

State of the art

[0002] The sanitation of domestic, agricultural, and/or industrial wastewater is widely developed for all kinds of microbiological applications, in particular according to the so-called "activated sludge", "fixed culture" or "filtration" processes.

[0003] The purification of individual waste water can be carried out, according to the chosen method, by small purification stations (micro stations) comprising several compartments. The water successively passes through the different compartments, each integrating different and/or specific functions, such as, for example, degreasing, sedimentation of solid particles, biological degradation by bacterial digestion, etc.

[0004] Depending on the daily hydraulic load to be processed, these different compartments are either integrated into a single tank (micro station), or in multiple tanks.

[0005] Depending on the degree of sanitation sought, the microbiological degradation will require a more or less significant supply of oxygen. This contribution can be made by forced oxygenation or natural oxygenation according to the devices selected. The advantage of oxygenation by natural ventilation lies essentially in the fact that it does not consume energy (passive purification) and therefore does not require specific electromechanical equipment and its corollary of wear and maintenance.

[0006] In the category of devices by "filtration" commonly called "passives", it is generally necessary to note the fact of the absence of energy for the proper functioning of the devices, therefore absence of electromechanical equipment.

[0007] Beyond the purification of waste water, there is always the question of the evacuation of purified (purified) water. The first and generally regulatory solution for small installations will be to percolate the treated water by drainage on the land parcel and thus allow the replenishment of the underground water tables.

[0008] In individual sanitation, the return of treated water to a surface network is generally impracticable on the grounds that the land area concerned does not have a suitable outlet (stream, river, pond, etc.) or is undersized. .

Object of the invention

[0009] An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an efficient, simple, reliable and durable wastewater treatment device, which does not consume energy during normal operation, which can be installed underground and does not requiring few control or maintenance operations.

General description of the invention

In order to solve the problem mentioned above, the present invention proposes, in a first aspect, a sanitation device for domestic, agricultural and/or industrial wastewater, configured for installation at least partially underground (under ground level). The device comprises an aerobic reactor comprising a series or plurality of essentially horizontal tubes, each of the tubes of the series of tubes being in fluidic connection upstream with a distribution chamber and downstream with a ventilation chamber. The distribution chamber and the ventilation chamber are provided with passive ventilation chimneys of the aerobic reactor and the tubes of the aerobic reactor are mainly and mainly made of porous alveolar concrete (that is to say at least in their lower parts and sides), whose porosity coefficient is at least 35%, these alveolar concrete tubes being configured to allow both the gradual transit by percolation of waste water through the material, the installation of purifying biomass and aeration by passive ventilation.

In a second aspect, the invention relates to a sanitation installation for domestic, agricultural and/or industrial wastewater, comprising a sanitation device according to the first aspect, each tube of the series of tubes, the distribution and ventilation chamber of the aerobic reactor being installed below ground level (underground), so that only upper parts of the passive ventilation stacks of the aerobic reactor are above ground level.

[0012] During normal operation, the tubes will be partially filled with the water to be purified (called the hydraulic section), the rest of the section of the tubes (therefore the upper part of the essentially horizontal tubes) serving for the circulation of air ( called ventilated section) providing the oxygen necessary for the biomass to carry out the purification. The dimension of the internal section of each tube is therefore chosen so as to be sufficiently large, in general this will be at least 300 cm2?. The internal section of each tube can be of any shape, preferably it is circular, oval or polygonal, particularly preferably circular, square or rectangular. Advantageously, the tubes have a square or rectangular internal section. They can advantageously be formed in two parts, the lower part forming a channel and the upper generatrix forming a cover. In these variants, the upper generatrix formed by the cover does not necessarily have to be made of alveolar concrete, since the percolation takes place mainly by gravity and by capillarity through the lower and lateral parts of the hydraulic section, i.e. say in this case by the walls (of the hydraulic section) of the channel which is made of porous alveolar concrete. The cover can therefore be made of traditional concrete, reinforced or not.

The sizing of the aerobic reactor, including in this case the length and the number of tubes, is generally a function of the daily hydraulic load on the one hand and the capacity of the soil to percolate this hydraulic load on the other hand. , when the section size of the tubes has been fixed.

[0014] The connection between the tubes, the distribution chamber and the ventilation chamber is made in any appropriate way, preferably either by interlocking, or by sleeving, or joined, or by gluing, or even by a combination of two or more of these connection ways.

[0015] The tubes are arranged essentially horizontally, that is to say that the slope relative to the horizontal of the series of tubes between the distribution chamber and the ventilation chamber is less than +/-5%, preferably less than +/- 2%.

[0016] As already indicated above, it is notable that the purification of water is done by percolation through the walls of the porous alveolar concrete tubes which simultaneously serve as a support for the biomass carrying out this aerobic purification. The tubes therefore do not include (added) perforations to perform this function. Indeed, the creation of perforations in the wall would have the effect of draining water too quickly and therefore of percolating water that has not yet been purified towards the natural ground and therefore towards the water table. In practice, the tubes do not have perforations in the walls (of the hydraulic section).

[0017] As an exception, in order to be able to cope with an accidental or exceptional hydraulic overload situation greater than the nominal or regulatory hydraulic load provided, each tube can however advantageously be provided with perforations at the level of the upper generatrix of the section of the tube, acting as an overflow outlet. These overflow outlet perforations are therefore located in the ventilated section, or even at the top of this ventilated section, which does not contain water during normal operation. The diameter of these perforations is generally at least 15 mm. Preferably, these perforations are provided at regular intervals, for example spaced apart by at least 20 cm.

[0018]Often the sanitation device will also comprise upstream of the distribution chamber of the aerobic reactor an all-water septic tank to pre-treat the waste water before conveying it to the aerobic reactor. The all-water septic tank is then in fluidic connection upstream with a waste water inlet and downstream with a supply to the water distribution chamber to be purified which thus connects it to the distribution chamber of the aerobic reactor. If necessary or useful, the all-water septic tank is itself equipped with a conventional pre-filter at the outlet.

In the sanitation installation according to the second aspect of the invention, the porous cellular concrete tubes are generally placed on or in a bed of aggregates, the aggregates preferably being sand, in particular washed sand. . [0020] In the preferred variants of the sanitation device or installation, the porous alveolar concrete tubes are covered with topsoil, a geotextile preferably being able to be placed between the porous alveolar concrete tubes and the topsoil, therefore at the level of the upper generatrix of the tubes. Alternatively or additionally, some preferred embodiments provide a protective geotextile peripherally surrounding each porous cellular concrete tube of the sanitation device. These variants can have all their interest during the rainy period to avoid sand intrusion in the direction outside towards the inside of the porous alveolar concrete tubes, when the sanitation device is not supplied (empty tubes during the holiday period, absence of user, etc.). For the variants of tubes having a square internal section in two parts mentioned above, the lower part forming a channel and the upper generatrix forming a cover, the covering by the protective geotextile may only concern the channel part if the cover is made of concrete. traditional. The protective geotextile will therefore ideally cover at least the parts of the tubes which are made of porous cellular concrete.

[0021] In certain advantageous embodiments, the sanitation installation preferably further comprises one or more collection tubes (for example conventional drainage tubes) arranged below one or more of the alveolar concrete tubes porous material of the aerobic reactor, the collection tube(s) being in fluidic connection with a lifting and sampling chamber, accessible from the outside by a lifting and sampling well. Where applicable, the collection tube(s) are placed below the lower level of the aggregate bed.

[0022] In order to improve the collection of purified water for lifting or sampling purposes, the sanitation installation may also comprise a collection geotextile placed below the collection tube(s) which slow down the percolation of the purified water from the aerobic reactor and therefore facilitate the penetration of part of this purified water to enter the collection tubes and to flow towards the lifting and sampling well.

In order to achieve the objectives developed above, the present invention therefore proposes on the one hand a sanitation device combining both the treatment equipment and the dispersion equipment, the two being inseparable from each other. to others and on the other hand a corresponding sanitation facility.

The component of the sanitation device of the invention consists of porous alveolar concrete tubes whose porosity coefficient of at least 35% will allow both the transit by percolation of water through the material and the installation of biomass (bacteria) scrubber. Porosity is the set of voids (pores) of a solid material, these voids are filled by fluids (liquid or gas). It is a physical quantity between 0 and 1 (or, in percentage, between 0 and 100%), which conditions the flow and retention capacities of a substrate.

Porosity is also a numerical value defined as the ratio between the volume of voids and the total volume of a porous medium:

N Voores

Val where: g is the porosity,

Vpores the volume of the pores, and Vota the total volume of the material, that is to say the sum of the volume of solid and the volume of the pores.

[0026] The porosity, respectively the porosity coefficient, can be determined by the water saturation method: volume of the pores=total volume of water—volume of water remaining after soaking.

[0027] The porous cellular concrete tubes of the present invention may or may not be equipped with reinforcements, steel or synthetic fibers.

[0028] The length of a tube will be irrelevant but generally adapted to the transport and handling conditions.

[0029] The length of the entire device in porous alveolar concrete tubes will be determined by the daily hydraulic load on the one hand and the capacity of the ground to absorb this hydraulic load on the other hand. This is generally calculated according to the number of inhabitants of the building concerned, and/or the habitability capacity of the building concerned, and/or the ratio of consumption per inhabitant according to the national or regional rules concerned. (daily hydraulic load/inhabitant)

The absorption capacity of the soil is determined by the percolation coefficient measured according to the scientific method called "Porchet" (percolation coefficient = coefficient K) widely known and usually used elsewhere. The “Piglet” test of water infiltration into the ground involves digging a hole in the ground and then saturating it with water for a certain period of time. Then we keep the water level constant in this hole (by continuing to pour water into it) and we measure the volume of water that seeps into the ground, for a certain time.

This test is a standardized test that is used to measure a soil's ability to self-remediate.

[0031] The number of tubes making up an installation will depend on the production length of the tubes, the coefficient K, the hydraulic head selected and the size of the overall installation.

The internal diameter or section of each tube making up the device will be at least 300 square centimeters (cm2).

The connection between tubes is carried out either by interlocking or by sleeving, or contiguous, or by gluing.

In order to ensure good oxygenation of the water to be treated and thus supply oxygen to the bacteria making up the treatment biomass, the present invention provides an upstream air intake chimney and an air intake chimney downstream of the tubes of the sanitation device in order to create a permanent air current through all the porous alveolar concrete tubes of the aerobic reactor.

[0035] As indicated above, in order to cope with an accidental or exceptional hydraulic overload situation greater than the nominal provided or, where applicable, greater than the loads provided for by the various regulations, the porous alveolar concrete tubes are preferably fitted every 20 cm perforations with a minimum diameter of 15 mm in the concrete mass at the level of the upper generatrix, thus acting as an overflow outlet if necessary. The configuration in square or rectangular tube with upper generator in traditional concrete avoids the need for this specific layout.

Each tube can either be circular, square or rectangular, random, chamfered or contiguous, in simple and/or multiple structures.

[0037] The arrangement of the porous alveolar concrete tubes in space will be carried out taking into account the topography of the plot of land on which the device will be installed.

The porous alveolar concrete tubes of the aerobic reactor are advantageously installed in a bed of granular solid material or aggregates, for example sand, gravel and/or gravel, in this case washed sand, a height corresponding to the section of the tubes increased by a minimum of 30 cm placed under the tubes. It will generally be selected a rolled siliceous sand, washed, stable in water, resulting from alluvial materials.

[0039] With the general exception of the version in square or rectangular tubes with the upper generatrix added in standard concrete, the treatment tubes in porous alveolar concrete will be covered with an ascending geotextile (rise height h, preferably approximately 10 cm) on the side of the trench in order to avoid their clogging by earth intrusion. However, it may be advantageous to provide a geotextile peripherally surrounding each porous alveolar concrete tube of the sanitation device to avoid, during the rainy season, an intrusion of sand in the direction outside towards the inside of the tubes, when the sanitation device does not is not supplied (empty tubes during holidays, absence of user, etc.).

[0040] The square or rectangular tube version will generally be preferred for greater production savings, offering the possibility of allowing a constructive arrangement in two parts, the upper generatrix or cover then being able to be made of traditional, non-porous concrete. The upper generatrix will then preferably be placed without joints or gluing, thus allowing the evacuation of any hydraulic overloads. This arrangement also generates ease of transport, storage and installation as well as the irrigation of vegetation if necessary.

[0041] For documentary purposes, it is recalled that the constructive provisions of a particularly preferred variant of the sanitation device will be equipped as follows:

[0042] Upstream of the aerobic reactor, a standard all-water septic tank (FTE) is preferably installed with a pre-filter collecting both the waste water from the kitchens, bathrooms, etc. (grey water) and wastewater from human metabolism (black water). It performs the classic functions of primary settling and pre-treatment.

[0043] The dimensioning of the standard FTE will be carried out by taking into account the daily hydraulic load to be treated in accordance with the regulatory provisions in force in the matter.

The aerobic reactor comprises a ventilated distribution chamber contributing to the oxygenation of the biomass contained in the porous alveolar concrete treatment tubes, the distribution chamber being placed downstream of the FTE and upstream of all the tubes porous cellular concrete.

[0045] Downstream of the porous concrete tubes is a ventilation chamber providing both the ventilation air intake for all of the porous alveolar concrete tubes, the purge point and the control point of the device.

Characteristics of the invention

[0046] The originality of the invention lies in the following points: e Entirely passive device requiring no energy e Device requiring no moving mechanical parts e Device exploiting the specificities of porous cellular concrete e Device composed exclusively of perennial materials e Device not requiring any pre-equipment in the factory e Device designed to be assembled and installed directly on site e "High entry - high exit" device not requiring any deep trench e Device not requiring specialized equipment for its implementation e Device does not require specialized equipment or additives for the development of biomass e Device does not require specialization of personnel for its implementation e Device does not require any maintenance other than traditional emptying / cleaning e Device does not require any replacement parts during maintenance e Device requiring no monitoring other than the schedule for emptying the all water tank (FTE) e Device not requiring any specific action to be taken during permanent or intermittent use or after a prolonged absence e Device preventing any risk of olfactory nuisance e Device percolating the treated water on the land plot, thus allowing the replenishment of underground water tables e Device percolating the treated water on the land plot, thus avoiding any risk linked to the surface evacuation of treated water e Device allowing the if necessary, irrigation of the vegetation on the land plot Device with an optimal environmental aspect

Brief description of the drawings

Other features and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the detailed description of some advantageous embodiments presented below, by way of illustration, with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:

Fig. 1: is a schematic top view of a first embodiment of a sanitation device according to the first aspect of the invention;

Fig. 2: is a schematic top view of a second embodiment of a sanitation device according to the first aspect of the invention;

Fig. 3A: is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a sewerage installation according to the second aspect of the invention installed below ground level;

Fig. 3B: is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a sanitation installation according to the second aspect of the invention installed below ground level, further comprising means for water sampling or lifting purified;

Fig. 4A: is a cross section of an advantageous variant of a detail of an embodiment according to the first aspect in which the porous cellular concrete tubes are surrounded by a protective geotextile;

Fig.4B: is an advantageous variant of Fig. 4A;

Fig. 5A: is a cross section of a detail of an embodiment according to the second aspect, showing a variant of an aerobic reactor with tubes of circular section;

Fig. 5B: is a cross section of a detail of another embodiment according to the second aspect, showing a variant of an aerobic reactor with square section tubes;

Fig 6Aäl: A: photo of a porous cellular concrete, B: section through a tube with a circular section, C: tube element with a polygonal section (here with several tubes joined), D: tube elements with a rectangular external section ( here with several inner tubes of circular internal section), E: schematic view from above of several tube elements of circular section, F: tube element of circular section, G: tube element of square external section, H: tube element of square external section in two parts (channel and cover in porous concrete) and | : two-part square external section tube element (porous concrete channel and traditional concrete cover).

Description of preferred executions

The present invention relates in particular to a passive sanitation device (by “passive” is meant a device without energy consumption in the context of standard usual operation) for domestic, agricultural and/or industrial wastewater, without the addition of enzymes or other adjuvants of any kind whatsoever.

[0049] An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a series of porous and perennial cellular concrete tubes making it possible to ensure percolation of the water to be treated through the porosities colonized by the biomass (bacteria) which will settle there naturally and ensure the digestion of the chemical and organic polluting loads of wastewater. e The organization of the device makes it possible to optimize: e The ventilation of the device e The natural absorption of O» in the water to be purified e The bringing into contact of the bacteria with the water loaded with Oz allowing them to absorb and consume the oxygen necessary for their performance in digesting the polluting loads present in the water to be treated e A perfect distribution of the hydraulic loads on the various lines of treatment tubes making up the system e A perfect match of all the wastewater / surface / biomass / oxygenation / percolation parameters e Durability of the device by the exclusive use of inert, non-biodegradable and mechanically self-resistant materials e Durability of the device by use by the absence of mechanical elements or electromechanical

An advantageous variant of the invention comprises a series of porous and perennial cellular concrete tubes of square or rectangular shape for greater production economy, offering the possibility of allowing a constructive arrangement in two parts, the upper generatrix being then advantageously added in traditional, non-porous concrete. The upper generatrix will then preferably be placed without joints or gluing, thus allowing the evacuation of any hydraulic overloads. This arrangement also generates ease of transport, storage and installation as well as the irrigation of vegetation if necessary.

[0051] In order to achieve the desired purification performance, the device takes into account and integrates the sizing parameters necessary for purification engineering such as: e The standardized hydraulic load e The different natures of the standardized organic and chemical polluting loads e The loads of sedimentable matter e Loads of suspended matter e The rate of biodegradability e The degree of biodegradability e The retention time of the waste water in the entire device e The time required for O2 transfer for the oxygenation of the biomass e Variations in normalized hydraulic loads e Variations in normalized polluting loads e Where applicable, regulatory discharge standards

[0052] General principles of an advantageous embodiment:

[0053] Sanitation by percolation generally proceeds in two phases

[0054] Phase 1

[0055] The pre-treatment carried out by a conventional septic tank (FTE) with pre-filter which performs the functions of e Settling of solid matter and storage of the sludge thus collected e Degreasing by flotation of fats and matters of lower density than those of Veal (soaps — shampoos — etc.) and storage of the sludge thus collected e Pre-digestion of decanted water by natural development of anaerobic bacteria e Pre-filtration in order to secure the quality of the retention of sedimentable and suspended matter

[0056] Phase 2

[0057] The actual aerobic treatment object of the present invention which provides the functions of e Digestion of organic polluting loads down to minimum discharge standards prescribed where applicable e Digestion of chemical polluting loads down to minimum discharge standards prescribed if necessary

Phase 2 of the device of the present invention is ensured by all of the porous alveolar concrete treatment tubes installed according to the constructive provisions of the present invention. It comprises as main components: the series of treatment tubes in porous alveolar concrete, generally installed in an underlying layer of filtering sand.

[0059] Characteristics of the invention

[0060] The multiple characteristics of the invention and the advantageous embodiments thereof reside in particular in the following points: which colonizes the percolation spaces e The device is equipped exclusively with porous, inert, stable and long-lasting alveolar concrete structures. e The device is equipped exclusively with structures in porous alveolar concrete in tubular, circular or not shapes e The device is exclusively equipped with structures in porous alveolar concrete in tubular shapes, circular or not, mechanically resistant, reinforced or not with metal fibers, synthetic or scrap fibers.

e The materials that make up the tubes are advantageously of a porous alveolar structure calculated in such a way as to allow percolation through the biomass which has naturally settled there

[0061] The specific architecture of the invention brings the following specificities and advantages: e Entirely passive device requiring no energy e Device requiring no moving mechanical parts e Device exploiting the specificities of porous cellular concrete e Device composed exclusively of materials e Device not requiring any pre-equipment in the factory e Device designed to be assembled and installed directly on site e “High entry – high exit” device not requiring any deep trench e Device not requiring specialized equipment for its implementation e Device not requiring specialized equipment or additives for the development of biomass e Device not requiring specialization of personnel for its implementation e Device not requiring any maintenance other than traditional emptying/cleaning e Device not requiring no replacement of parts during maintenance e Device requiring no monitoring other than the oil change schedule e Device requiring no specific action to be taken during permanent or intermittent use or after a prolonged absence e Device avoiding any risk of odor nuisance e Device percolating the treated water on the land parcel, thus allowing the replenishment of the underground water tables e Device percolating the treated water on the land plot, thus avoiding any risk linked to the surface evacuation of the treated water e Device allowing, if necessary, irrigation of the vegetation on the land plot e Device with an optimal environmental aspect e Device allowing dispersion either o either by percolation in the plot o or by underground irrigation o or by discharge into the surface hydraulic environment

[0062] FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a first embodiment of a sanitation device according to the first aspect of the invention comprising an aerobic reactor 10 which comprises a series of essentially horizontal tubes 131-136 (the number of tubes is variable according to the purification needs) connected upstream to a distribution chamber 120 and downstream to a ventilation chamber 140. In operation, the water to be purified enters the distribution chamber 120 through the admission 115, also called supply of the water distribution chamber to be purified, to then be distributed in the various tubes 131-136. In these tubes 131-136, the porous alveolar concrete serves on the one hand as a support for the biomass (bacteria) and on the other hand to control the rate of percolation of water through the concrete to allow the biomass to purify the waters before their release to the basement.

Oxygenation of the device is ensured by natural ventilation through the tubes (the section of which is only partially filled with water, except in the event of an exceptional hydraulic overload) and the ventilation shafts 121 and 141 of the distribution chamber 120 and ventilation chamber 140.

[0063] References identical to those of FIG. 1 or 2 in the other figures denote identical or corresponding elements.

[0064] FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a sanitation device according to the first aspect of the invention, which further comprises a pretreatment device upstream of the inlet 115 of the aerobic reactor, in particular, for example, an all-water septic tank 210, optionally provided with a ventilation chimney or an access 121. In this case, the waste water to be treated first enters the all-water pit 210 via the waste water inlet 205 and is decanted there of its solids, degreased of their fatty matter and matter of density lower than that of water, then pre-digested by the natural development of anaerobic bacteria. Preferably, before the admission of the water to the supply 115 of the aerobic reactor 10, the pretreated water is prefiltered in order to secure the quality of the retention of sedimentable and suspended matter.

[0065] FIG. 3A schematically shows in cross-section one embodiment of a sewerage installation according to the second aspect of the invention installed below ground level using a sewerage device embodiment similar to that of FIG. 2. The whole of the aerobic reactor 10 with the exception of the upper parts of the ventilation chimneys 121 and 141 are installed below ground level 300 by prior excavation of the natural ground 330 and are for example covered with topsoil 320. 131-136 tubes of porous cellular concrete are preferably installed on or in a bed of granular material or aggregates 310, such as sand for example. The arrows indicate the direction of percolation of the purified water in the natural ground 330.

[0066] FIG. 3B schematically shows in cross section, an embodiment of a sanitation installation similar to that of FIG. 3A, but which also has means for taking samples of the purified water or for lifting the purified water, for example to be able to determine the purification performance of the installation, respectively to determine whether the purified water leaving the installation meets standards. A lifting and sampling chamber 360 is provided below the lower level of the porous alveolar concrete tubes 131-136 and, if necessary, below the bed of aggregates 310. This lifting and sampling chamber 360 is fed by one or more collection tubes 350 arranged below one of the tubes, several of the tubes or all of the tubes 131-136 configured to collect part of the purified water coming from the sanitation installation. Access to the lifting and sampling chamber 360 is generally ensured by a lifting and sampling well 370. In order to improve the collection of the water to be purified, the installation can also comprise a collection geotextile 340 arranged below collection tube(s) 350.

[0067] Figs. 4A and 4B schematically show cross sections of two embodiments of tubes 131-136 of the aerobic reactor, FIG. 4A showing a variant with tubes of closed circular section and FIG. 4B a variant with tubes in two parts, therefore with channel 620 and cover 630. These figures also show the ventilated section 410 and the hydraulic section 420, the water of the hydraulic section percolating through the porous walls colonized by the biomass which progressively purifies the water and the purified water 400 then percolates through the natural terrain, possibly passing through a bed of aggregates, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.

In these two variants, the tubes, respectively at least their porous cellular concrete parts, are covered with a protective geotextile 430 which prevents the penetration of sand or earth into the cellular concrete tubes, particularly during the rainy season when the tubes are not supplied (therefore empty) due to the absence of the inhabitants (secondary houses, holidays, etc.).

[0069] FIG. 5A is a cross-section of a detail of an embodiment according to the second aspect, showing a variant of an aerobic reactor with tubes of circular section. A trench with the trench edges 520 is cut in the natural ground 330 and an aggregate bed 310 is formed at the bottom of the trench before placing the tubes 131-136 therein. The bed is then completed up to the height of the upper generatrix of the tubes. Generally, the bed of aggregates 310 is then covered with a geotextile 510, then with topsoil 400, the edges of the geotextile 510 preferably being raised to a height of rise h, for example 10 cm, in order to prevent the earth topsoil clogs the aggregate bed 310 too quickly.

[0070] FIG. 5B illustrates a detail of another embodiment according to the second aspect, showing a variant of an aerobic reactor with tubes 131-

136 square section, with channel and cover or not. This variant does not include geotextile and the installation is topped by 500 vegetation.

[0071] Finally, FIGS. 6 To to | : A: photo of a porous alveolar concrete, B: section through a tube 131 of circular section with a perforation 610 as an overflow in the event of exceptional overload, C: tube element of polygonal section (here with several tubes 131, 132, 133 assembled) also provided with overflow perforations 610, D: tube elements of rectangular external section (here with several inner tubes of circular internal section), E: schematic view from above of several tube elements of circular,

F: tube element of circular section, G: tube element 131 of square external section in one piece, H: tube element of square external section in two parts, the channel 620 and cover 630 being made of porous concrete and | : tube element of square external section in two parts, the channel 620 being made of porous concrete and the cover 630 being made of traditional concrete.

Legend :

Aerobic reactor 115 Water distribution chamber supply to be purified 120 Distribution chamber 121 (First) Ventilation stack 131-136 Series of tubes 140 Ventilation chamber 141 (Second) Ventilation stack 205 Waste water inlet 210 Septic tank all water (FTE) 211 (Third) ventilation chimney 300 Ground level 310 Aggregates 320 Topsoil 330 Natural land 340 Collection geotextile 350 Collection tube 360 Lifting and sampling chamber 370 Lifting and sampling wells 400 Percolation of treated water 410 Ventilated section 420 Hydraulic section 430 Protection geotextile 440 Overflow evacuation 500 Vegetation 510 Geotextile h Rising height (of the geotextile) 520 Trench edges 610 Perforation 620 Channel (in porous alveolar concrete) 630 Cover (in porous alveolar concrete or in traditional concrete)

Claims (16)

Claims 1. Device for the purification of domestic, agricultural and/or industrial wastewater, configured for installation at least partially underground, the device comprising an aerobic reactor (10) comprising a series of essentially horizontal tubes (131-136), each tubes of the series of tubes (131-136) being in fluid connection upstream with a distribution chamber (120) and downstream with a ventilation chamber (140), the distribution chamber (120) and the ventilation chamber (140) being provided with passive ventilation chimneys (121, 141) of the aerobic reactor (10), the tubes (131-136) of the aerobic reactor being made of porous alveolar concrete, the porosity coefficient of which is at least 35% , these alveolar concrete tubes being configured to allow both the progressive transit by percolation of waste water through the material, the installation of purifying biomass and aeration by passive ventilation. 2. Sanitation device according to claim 1, wherein the internal section of each tube (131-136) is at least 300 cm?. 3. Sanitation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the internal section of each tube (131-136) is circular, oval or polygonal, preferably circular, square or rectangular. 4. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a protective geotextile (430) peripherally surrounds each porous cellular concrete tube (131-136). 5. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tubes (131-136) have a square or rectangular internal section and are formed in two parts, the lower part forming a channel (620) and the upper generatrix forming a lid (630). 6. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the length and the number of tubes is a function of the daily hydraulic load on the one hand and the ability of the soil to percolate this hydraulic load on the other hand. . 7. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection between tubes (131-136), distribution chamber (120) and ventilation chamber (140) is carried out either by interlocking, or by sleeving, or in joints, or by gluing. 8. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each tube is provided with perforations (610) with a diameter of at least 15 mm at the level of the upper generatrix of the section of the tube, acting as an outlet for too full in order to cope with an accidental or exceptional hydraulic overload situation, preferably these perforations are provided at regular intervals and spaced at least 20 cm apart. 9. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the slope of the series of essentially horizontal tubes (131-136) between the distribution chamber (120) and the ventilation chamber (140) is less than + /- 5%, preferably less than +/-2%. 10. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at the inlet of the distribution chamber (120) a primary filter or prefilter. 11. Sanitation device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising upstream of the distribution chamber (120) of the aerobic reactor (10) an all-water septic tank (210), the all-water septic tank being in connection fluidic upstream with a waste water inlet (205) and downstream with a supply to the water distribution chamber to be purified (115) which connects it to the distribution chamber (120) of the aerobic reactor. 12. Installation for the purification of domestic, agricultural and/or industrial wastewater, the purification installation comprising a purification device according to one of the preceding claims, the porous cellular concrete tubes of the series of tubes (131 -136), the distribution chamber (120) and the ventilation chamber (140) of the aerobic reactor (10) being installed below ground level (300), so that only the upper parts of the ventilation chimneys ( 121, 141) of the passive aerobic reactor (10) are above ground level (300). 13. Sanitation installation according to claim 12, in which the cellular concrete tubes (131-136) are placed on or in a bed of aggregates (310), the aggregates (310) preferably being sand, in particular washed sand. 14. Sanitation installation according to claim 12 or 13, in which the cellular concrete tubes (131-136) are covered with topsoil (320), a geotextile (510) preferably being placed between the cellular concrete tubes ( 131-136) and arable land (320). 15. Sanitation installation according to one of claims 12 to 14, further comprising one or more collection tubes (350) arranged below one or more of the porous cellular concrete tubes (131-136) of the reactor aerobic (10), the collection tube(s) (350) being in fluidic connection with a lifting and sampling chamber (360), accessible from the outside via a lifting and sampling well (370), if necessary the collection tube(s) (350) are disposed below the lower level of the aggregate bed (310). 16. Sanitation installation according to claim 15, further comprising a collection geotextile (340) disposed below the collection tube(s) (350).