BE1029776B1 - Decorative panel - Google Patents

Abstract

Decorative panel containing a substrate (31) and a wear layer (33). The wear layer (33) contains a lacquer layer (35) which contains hard particles (36) over its entire thickness. The hard particles have an S50 particle size determined by the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by laser diffraction as the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles are smaller than this particle size S50. The lacquer layer has a thickness T that is between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50.

Description

1 BE2022/5540

Decorative panel

The invention relates to decorative panels with high scratch resistance.

For example, decorative panels have applications as a wall panel, ceiling panel, in furniture and as a floor panel. Floor panels in particular must be resistant to wear and tear.

That is why it is known to provide decorative panels with a wear layer that increases the durability of these panels.

It is an object of the invention to provide panels having a decorative layer with improved durability and with a good visual aspect.

The first aspect of the invention relates to a decorative panel, the decorative panel comprising a substrate and a wear layer, the wear layer containing a lacquer layer, characterized in that the lacquer layer contains hard particles over its entire thickness, the hard particles having a particle size of S50 , where the S50 particle size, determined via the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by laser diffraction, is the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles are smaller than this particle size S50; that the lacquer layer has a thickness T; and that the thickness T of the lacquer layer is between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50; and preferably between 0.7 * S50 and 1.8 * S50.

It has been found that decorative panels with good resistance to abrasion therefore do not have good resistance to scratches caused by sharp objects.

For example, dog paw nails can be the cause of scratches, even on floor panels that have excellent resistance to abrasion caused by walking on these floor panels. The decorative panel according to the invention has the advantage that an improved durability is obtained due to a good scratch resistance. This is achieved by matching the particle size of the particles with the thickness of the paint layer in which these particles are located. This ensures that hard particles of the lacquer layer protrude slightly from the surface of the decorative panel, thus avoiding scratches; while the surface of the panel still provides a nice visual aspect.

2 BE2022/5540

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the lacquer layer is an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the lacquer layer is an acrylic lacquer layer, whereby the acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, whereby this weight percent is determined relative to the total mass of the lacquer layer.

Preferably, the acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, the acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 5% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, the acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 10% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, the acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 12% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

Use of dendritic oligomer as described in these preferred embodiments has the advantage that a higher density of cross-linking of the resist layer is obtained; this ensures a very strong and hard polymer network of the paint layer. This synergistically creates a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance and durability.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the S50 particle size is between 3 micrometres and 20 micrometres, more preferably between 5 micrometres and 15 micrometres. Such embodiments ensure an even better durability of the decorative panel.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution by volume in which (S95-S5)/S50 is less than 2, and preferably less than 1.5, and more preferably less than 1.4; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller; and where S5 is in the

3 BE2022/5540 particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction the particle size 1s where 5% of the particles are smaller.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution by volume in which (S95-S50)/S50 is less than 1, and preferably less than 0.9; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution according to volume where (S50-S5)/S50 is less than 0.8, and preferably less than 0.6; where S5 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller.

These three embodiments synergistically ensure even better properties of the decorative panel, because the fraction of small particles and the fraction of large particles are strongly limited. A large fraction of large particles has the disadvantage that they cause significant wear of tools that come into contact with the surface of the panel during production, for example press plates with which a relief is pressed into the surface of the decorative panel. Such wear quickly ensures that the visual aspect of the panel is no longer optimal. The fraction of large particles is not properly embedded in the paint layer; these particles are knocked out of the paint layer upon impact; this causes a defect in the paint layer.

Small particles, on the other hand, have the disadvantage that they do not contribute to an improvement in scratch resistance, but they do make the paint layer less transparent, so that the visual aspect is less good. Therefore, it is advantageous that the fraction of small particles in the particle size distribution is limited.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the thickness T of the lacquer layer is between 4 micrometres and 60 micrometres, and more preferably less than 40 micrometres.

4 BE2022/5540 micrometers, and more preferably less than 30 micrometers, and more preferably less than 20 micrometers.

Thin layers of lacquer have the advantage that when the liquid lacquer is applied the hard particles can settle less or not at all, which improves the scratch resistance.

Thin layers of lacquer also have the advantage that they are more transparent.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the lacquer layer contains between 2 and 15 mass percent hard particles; and more preferably between 3 and 10 mass percent and/or more preferably more than 5 mass percent; more preferably more than 7 mass percent.

Such embodiments give good results with regard to the durability of the panel, without negatively affecting the other properties of the decorative surface, for example the visual aspect.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles are spherical particles or non-spherical particles or plate-shaped particles, for instance plate-shaped with a hexagonal shape.

The use of hard particles that are non-spherical and/or plate-shaped has the advantage that these particles can align with their longest dimension parallel to the surface of the panel. This ensures even better scratch resistance without the visual aspect being strongly influenced by particles that protrude above the paint surface.

Another advantage is that there is less tool wear during the production of the decorative panel.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles have an average aspect ratio between 2:1 and 7:1.

Such embodiments have the advantage that an even better scratch resistance of the surface of the decorative panel is obtained. It is believed that this is due to the fact that the hard particles are preferentially oriented with their largest dimension parallel to the surface of the panel. This also ensures that the visual aspect of the surface of the panel is excellent. A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles have a Mohs hardness higher than 7, and preferably higher than 8; and more preferably of at least 9.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles are aluminum oxide particles or diamond particles or silicon carbide particles or moissanite particles.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hard particles contain a silane coating, for instance in which the hard particles are silane-coated aluminum oxide particles.

Such an embodiment offers the advantage that the hard particles are better bound into the lacquer layer.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the lacquer layer does not contain a paper layer.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the lacquer layer is cured at least partly by means of UV radiation and/or by means of excimer radiation and/or by means of an electron beam and/or by means of an elevated temperature.

The use of excimer radiation for at least partial curing of the lacquer layer has the advantage that a super matt surface of the decorative panel can be obtained, without or with minimal use of matting agents in the lacquer layer.

Since the lacquer layer contains little or no matting agents (e.g. silica), this lacquer layer offers even better durability, since matting agents are detrimental to the durability of this lacquer layer.

6 BE2022/5540

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that a second lacquer layer is present under the lacquer layer. At higher this second lacquer layer is an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer. This second lacquer layer preferably makes contact with the lacquer layer.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the second lacquer layer is an acrylic lacquer layer, whereby this acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, whereby this weight percentage is determined relative to the total mass of the the lacquer layer.

This acrylic lacquer layer is preferably obtained by using at least 1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 5% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 10% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 12% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

Use of dendritic oligomer as described in these preferred embodiments has the advantage that a higher density of cross-linking of the resist layer is obtained; this ensures a very strong and hard polymer network of the paint layer. This synergistically creates a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance and durability.

It is an advantage that this second layer of lacquer can function as a primer, thereby increasing the durability of the decorative panel.

In a preferred embodiment, the second lacquer layer does not contain particles with a Mohs hardness higher than 7.

Such embodiments have the advantage that an even better durability of the decorative panel is obtained, because the second lacquer layer serves as a primer for

7 BE2022/5540 the paint layer functions. Optionally, the second lacquer layer may contain matting agents. However, it is also possible that the second coat of paint does not contain matting agents.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the second lacquer layer is between half and twice the thickness of the lacquer layer. Such embodiments can for instance be used when the decorative panel contains a substrate containing one or more polyvinyl chloride layers. One or more of these polyvinyl chloride layers can contain fillers (for example mineral fillers or wood-based fillers) and/or be foamed.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the second lacquer layer contains hard particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7. The hard particles in the second lacquer layer preferably have an average size (meaning the S50 particle size) of more than 50 micrometres, more preferably of more than 75 microns; and more preferably less than 125 microns and more preferably less than 100 microns.

Such embodiments are preferred that the abrasion resistance is further increased. While the lacquer layer mainly provides high scratch resistance, this second layer of lacquer ensures abrasion resistance. The abrasion resistance can be determined by the Taber test, according to ASTM D4060-19.

In preferred embodiments where the second lacquer layer contains hard particles, the second lacquer layer is preferably at least 125 microns thick, more preferably at least 150 microns thick, and more preferably at least 175 microns thick.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the wear layer under the second lacquer layer contains a third lacquer layer - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer - and optionally contains a fourth lacquer layer - preferably an acrylate lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer; and optionally contains a fifth lacquer layer - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer.

8 BE2022/5540

Such embodiments offer even better durability since the abrasion resistance of the decorative panel is higher.

More preferably, the third lacquer layer, the optional fourth lacquer layer and the optional fifth lacquer layer contain(s) no particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the optional third lacquer layer - and optionally the optional fourth lacquer layer, and optionally the optional fifth lacquer layer - is an acrylic lacquer layer, wherein this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, where this weight percentage is determined in relation to the total mass of the lacquer layer. This acrylic lacquer layer is preferably obtained by using at least 1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 5% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. More preferably, this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 10% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

More preferably, this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 12% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher.

Use of dendritic oligomer as described in these preferred embodiments has the advantage that a higher density of cross-linking of the resist layer is obtained; this ensures a very strong and hard polymer network of the paint layer. This synergistically creates a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance and durability.

This ensures good adhesion of the paint layers, which is favorable for abrasion resistance.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the lacquer layer contains - and more preferably consists of - a first partial lacquer layer of thickness T1 and a second partial lacquer layer of thickness T2, the second partial lacquer layer being applied to the first partial lacquer layer, whereby both the thickness T1 of the first partial lacquer layer as the thickness T2

9 BE2022/5540 of the second coat of paint are between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50; and preferably between 0.7 * S50 and 1.8 * S50.

The presence of the first partial lacquer layer and of the second partial lacquer layer and their respective thicknesses can be determined by means of a section of the decorative panel. It takes experience to make a good cross-section, but a trained lab technician will succeed.

Such embodiments have the advantage that even better durability of the decorative panel is obtained, especially if the total thickness of the lacquer layer is limited, for instance 30 micrometers or even less. The inventors suspect that this has to do with unavoidable irregularities in the application of a lacquer layer. These irregularities are smoothed out when the lacquer layer is applied via a first partial lacquer layer and a second partial lacquer layer. For example, in order to apply a lacquer layer with a thickness of 30 micrometres, the lacquer layer can be applied via two partial lacquer layers, each with a thickness of 15 micrometres. For example, to apply a lacquer layer with a thickness of 15 micrometres, the lacquer layer can be applied via two partial lacquer layers, each with a thickness of 7.5 micrometres.

The better performance is presumably also achieved because the particle size of the hard particles is optimally matched to the thicknesses of the first partial lacquer layer and of the second partial lacquer layer in the lacquer layer.

The inventors have also noticed that especially when the lacquer layer is laid on a support that has already been provided with a surface texture, better results in terms of scratch resistance are obtained when the lacquer layer is applied via two partial lacquer layers.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the panel contains a decor layer, the decor layer being located below the wear layer; preferably the decor layer is above the substrate or the decor layer is formed by the top surface of the substrate.

10 BE2022/5540

The decorative layer preferably contains a print, more preferably a print on the substrate or a print on a carrier. This carrier can be or contain, for example, a paper sheet or a polymer foil. An example of a polymer foil that can be used as a carrier is a polyvinyl chloride foil.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the wear layer contains an additional layer, located closer to the substrate than the lacquer layer, the additional layer comprising a polymer foil, preferably a polyvinyl chloride foil. More preferably, this polymer foil (for example a polyvinyl chloride foil) has a thickness between 20 micrometers and 800 micrometers, more preferably a thickness between 20 micrometers and 500 micrometers, more preferably a thickness less than 550 micrometers, more preferably a thickness less than than 250 microns.

Such an additional layer in the wear layer, closer to the substrate than the lacquer layer, has the advantage that a better abrasion resistance of the panel is obtained.

Preferably, the polymer film is a polymer film with a hardness of at least 60 Shore D, and more preferably at least 70 Shore D, and more preferably at least 75 Shore

D. Surprisingly, such embodiments have been found to yield a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance. This means that decorative panels with even better durability have been obtained.

Preferably, the polymer film is a polyvinyl chloride film containing less than 20% by weight of plasticizer, and more preferably contains less than 15% by weight of plasticizer; and preferably contains less than 10 weight percent plasticizer; and more preferably contains more than 3 weight percent plasticizer.

It has surprisingly been found that such embodiments yielded a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance. This means that decorative panels with even better durability have been obtained.

Within the framework of the various aspects of the invention, a polyvinyl chloride film can use various plasticizers. The plasticizers can be selected from terephthalates such as, for example, dioctyl terephthalate

11 BE2022/5540 (DOTP) or dibutyl terephthalate (DBT), ortho phthalates such as diisononyl phthalate (DINP) or Di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), (cyclo)hexanoates such as 1,2-

Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), adipates such as dioctyl adipate (DOA), benzoates such as isodecyl benzoate (IDB), plasticizers based on vegetable oils such as ESBO, sulfonates, citrates, benzoate esters, sebacates, and polyesters.

The wear layer preferably contains an additional layer, wherein the additional layer contains a paper sheet impregnated with a resin - preferably with a melamine resin or with an acrylate resin or with a polyurethane resin -, preferably wherein this resin contains particles to increase the wear resistance of to increase the wear layer.

Such an additional layer has the advantage that the abrasion resistance of the panel is higher.

The surface of the panel preferably contains a texture, wherein the texture extends at least into the additional layer.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the decor of the decorative panel is formed by the surface of a layer of veneer or by means of a layer of wood. When using a wood layer to form the decor, this wood layer is, for example, 3 millimeters thick.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the substrate consists of or contains one or more of - a wood fiber board, preferably an MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) or an HDF (High Density Fiberboard) board; - a chipboard; - one or more layers of filled or unfilled polymer, preferably thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinyl chloride; - one or more layers containing a mineral matrix with fillers; for example a mineral matrix based on Portland cement or on magnesium oxide or on gypsum;

12 BE2022/5540 - one or more wood layers; or - one or more resin-impregnated kraft paper layers, preferably phenol-formaldehyde resin-impregnated kraft paper layers.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the surface of the panel contains a texture. This means that the paint layer is not flat and also contains surface texture.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the distance perpendicular to the panel between the highest and the lowest point in the texture is more than 200 micrometers, and preferably more than 400 micrometers.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the distance perpendicular to the panel between the highest and the lowest point in the texture is more than 15 micrometers and preferably less than 30 micrometers.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the panel comprises a first pair of opposite edges, of which a first edge and a second edge, the first pair of opposite edges comprising coupling parts, wherein these coupling parts contain locking parts, so that the panel meets the second edge with its first edge. of another such panel can be coupled so that on the one hand a locking is obtained in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the panels thus coupled, and on the other hand a locking is obtained in the direction in the plane of the coupled panels perpendicular to the coupled panels.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the panel comprises a second pair of opposite edges, of which a third edge and a fourth edge, the second pair of opposite edges comprising coupling parts, wherein these coupling parts contain locking parts, so that the panel meets the fourth edge with its third edge. of another such panel can be coupled so that on the one hand a locking is obtained in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the thus coupled panels, and

13 BE2022/5540 on the other hand, a locking is obtained in the direction in the plane of the coupled panels perpendicular to the coupled panels.

The decorative panel according to the first aspect of the invention is preferably a floor panel.

The second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a cured lacquer layer on a carrier, wherein a liquid lacquer is applied to the carrier for forming with this liquid lacquer a cured lacquer layer of thickness T, wherein the lacquer is applied by means of can be cured by means of UV radiation and/or thermal curing; characterized in that the liquid paint contains hard particles with a particle size S50, the particle size S50 being determined via the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by laser diffraction as the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles are smaller than this particle size S50; and that the thickness T of the cured lacquer layer to be formed is between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50; and wherein the cured lacquer layer covers its full thickness

T contains the hard particles.

It has been found that wear layers on decorative panels with good resistance to abrasion therefore do not have good resistance to scratches caused by sharp objects. For example, dog paw nails can be the cause of scratches, even on floor panels that have excellent resistance to abrasion caused by walking on these floor panels. The method according to the second aspect of the invention has the advantage that an improved durability is obtained due to a good scratch resistance. This is achieved by matching the particle size of the particles with the thickness of the paint layer in which these particles are located. This ensures that hard particles of the paint layer protrude slightly from the surface, thus avoiding scratches; while the surface of the panel still provides a nice visual aspect.

14 BE2022/5540

A preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention is characterized in that the thickness T of the cured lacquer layer to be formed is between 0.7 * S50 and 1.8 * S50.

Such an embodiment brings even better results in terms of durability.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the lacquer layer is an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the liquid lacquer is selected from a 100% acrylic lacquer, a water-based UV acrylate and a water-based polyurethane dispersion.

Preferably, the liquid lacquer is a 100% acrylic lacquer, wherein the liquid lacquer contains at least 0.1% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. More preferably, the liquid lacquer contains at least 1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. More preferably, the liquid lacquer contains at least 5% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. More preferably, the liquid lacquer contains at least 10% by weight dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. More preferably, the liquid lacquer contains at least 12% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. Use of dendritic oligomer as described in these preferred embodiments has the advantage that a higher density of cross-linking of the resist layer is obtained; this ensures a very strong and hard polymer network of the paint layer. This synergistically creates a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance and durability.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the S50 particle size is between 3 micrometer and 20 micrometer, preferably between 5 micrometer and 15 micrometer.

15 BE2022/5540

Such embodiments ensure an even better durability of the decorative panel.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution by volume in which (S95-S5)/S50 is less than 2, and preferably less than 1.5, and more preferably less than 1.4; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller; and where S5 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution by volume in which (S95-S50)/S50 is less than 1, and preferably less than 0.9; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution by volume in which (S50-S5)/S50 is less than 0.8, and preferably less than 0.6; where SS in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller.

These three embodiments synergistically provide even better properties, because the fraction of small particles and the fraction of large particles are strongly limited. A large fraction of large particles has the disadvantage that they cause significant wear of tools that come into contact with the surface of this coating during production, for example press plates with which a relief is pressed into the surface. Such wear quickly ensures that the visual aspect of the panel is no longer optimal.

The fraction of large particles is not properly embedded in the paint layer; these particles are knocked out of the paint layer upon impact; this causes a defect in the paint layer.

16 BE2022/5540

Small particles, on the other hand, have the disadvantage that they do not contribute to an improvement in scratch resistance, but they do make the paint layer less transparent, so that the visual aspect is less good. Therefore, it is advantageous that the fraction of small particles in the particle size distribution is limited.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the thickness T of the lacquer layer to be formed is between 4 micrometres and 60 micrometres, and is preferably less than 40 micrometres; and more preferably less than 30 microns, and more preferably less than 20 microns.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the lacquer layer contains between 2 and 15 mass percent hard particles; and preferably between 3 and 10% by mass; and/or preferably more than 5 mass percent and more preferably more than 7 mass percent.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles are spherical particles or non-spherical particles or plate-shaped particles, for instance plate-shaped with a hexagonal shape.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles have an average aspect ratio between 2:1 and 7:1.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles have a Mohs hardness higher than 7, and more preferably higher than 8; and more preferably have a Mohs hardness of at least 9.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles are aluminum oxide particles or diamond particles or silicon carbide particles or moissanite particles.

17 BE2022/5540

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hard particles contain a silane coating, for instance in which the hard particles are silane-coated aluminum oxide particles.

Such an embodiment ensures that the hard particles are well bound in the lacquer layer.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the application of the liquid lacquer for forming with this lacquer the cured lacquer layer of thickness T is carried out in steps, wherein a first layer of liquid lacquer is applied in a first step, the method being the includes the step of applying a second layer of liquid lacquer; wherein the first layer of liquid lacquer and the second layer of liquid lacquer together form the liquid lacquer to form the cured lacquer layer of thickness T.

Such embodiments have the advantage that even better durability of the decorative panel is obtained, especially if the total thickness of the lacquer layer is limited, for instance 30 micrometers or even less. The inventors suspect that this has to do with unavoidable irregularities in the application of a lacquer layer. These irregularities are smoothed out by applying this layer of lacquer in two times.

For example, to apply a lacquer layer with a cured thickness of 30 micrometres, the lacquer layer can be applied via two layers, each with a cured thickness of 15 micrometres.

For example, to apply a lacquer layer with a cured thickness of 15 micrometres, the lacquer layer can be applied via two layers, each with a cured thickness of 7.5 micrometres.

The inventors have also noticed that especially when the lacquer layer is laid on a support that has already been provided with a surface texture, better results in terms of scratch resistance are obtained when the lacquer layer is applied via a first layer of liquid lacquer and via a second layer of liquid lacquer. .

The first layer of liquid lacquer can be dried and/or partially cured before applying the second layer of liquid lacquer.

18 BE2022/5540

It is possible not to dry and/or not partially cure the first layer of liquid lacquer before applying the second layer of liquid lacquer. This embodiment can for instance be carried out if the first layer of liquid lacquer and the second layer of liquid lacquer have the same composition.

Preferably, after applying the first layer of liquid lacquer, a brushing operation is carried out in the wet lacquer layer formed when the first layer of liquid lacquer is applied. This has the advantage that the lacquer is nicely homogeneously distributed for the application of the second layer of liquid lacquer. This synergistically ensures even better scratch resistance and better durability of the decorative panel.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer and the second layer of liquid lacquer have the same composition, the first layer of liquid lacquer after curing resulting in a layer thickness T1 and the second layer of liquid lacquer after curing in a layer thickness T2 results, the liquid lacquer of the first layer and the liquid lacquer of the second layer containing the hard particles; where the layer thicknesses T1 and T2 each amount to between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50.

These embodiments offer even better performance, because the particle size of the hard particles is optimally matched to the cured layer thicknesses of the two layers in the paint layer.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer and the second layer of liquid lacquer have a different composition; wherein the first layer of liquid lacquer results in a layer thickness T1 after curing and wherein the second layer of liquid lacquer results in a layer thickness T2 after curing. The first layer of liquid lacquer contains hard particles throughout its thickness, with the hard particles of the first layer of liquid lacquer having a particle size of S50-1, where the S50-1 particle size, determined via the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles of the first layer of liquid lacquer are smaller than this particle size S50-1;

19 BE2022/5540 where the layer thickness T1 is between 0.5 * S50-1 and 2 * S50-1; and preferably between 0.7 * S50-1 and 1.8 * S50-1. The second layer of liquid lacquer contains hard particles over the entire thickness, whereby the hard particles of the second layer of liquid lacquer have a

have S50-2 particle size, where the S50-2 particle size, determined via the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by laser diffraction, is the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles of the second liquid layer are smaller than this particle size S50-2; wherein the layer thickness T2 is between 0.5 * S50-2 and 2 * S50-2; and preferably between 0.7 * S50-2 and 1.8 * S50-2.

This embodiment offers excellent results in terms of durability, partly because the particle size of the two layers can be selected separately to obtain optimum properties. The layer thickness T1 after curing of the first layer of liquid lacquer can, for instance, be chosen to be greater than the layer thickness T2 after curing of the second layer of liquid lacquer, the first layer of liquid lacquer containing larger hard particles than the second layer of liquid lacquer. As a result, an optimal combination can be obtained of scratch resistance (mainly brought about by the second layer of liquid layer that forms the top layer) and abrasion resistance (strongly positively influenced by the underlying first layer of liquid lacquer).

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the layer thickness

T1 after curing of the first layer of liquid lacquer is less than 25 micrometres (and preferably less than 20 micrometres), and/or because the layer thickness T2 after curing of the second layer of liquid lacquer is less than 25 micrometres (and preferably less than 20 microns).

A preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention is characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer and/or the second layer of liquid lacquer contains at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, preferably at least 1 weight percent dendritic oligomer. with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably contains at least 5 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, at higher

BE2022/5540 preferably contains at least 10 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably contains at least 12 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. Use of dendritic oligomer as described in these preferred embodiments has the advantage that a higher density of cross-linking of the resist layer is obtained; this ensures a very strong and hard polymer network of the paint layer. This synergistically creates a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance and durability.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the method comprises the step of curing the lacquer layer at least partly by means of UV radiation and/or by means of excimer radiation and/or by means of electron beam.

The use of excimer radiation in the method according to the invention for at least partial curing of the lacquer layer has the advantage that a super matt surface of the lacquer layer can be obtained, without or with minimal use of matting agents in the lacquer layer. Since the lacquer layer contains little or no matting agents (e.g. silica), this lacquer layer offers even better durability, since matting agents are detrimental to the durability of this lacquer layer.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that before applying the liquid lacquer, the method comprises the step of applying a second lacquer layer to the carrier via liquid route - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer - followed by drying. and/or gelling and/or partially curing this second lacquer layer; preferably wherein the second lacquer layer does not contain particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7.

It is an advantage that this second layer of lacquer can function as a primer, thereby increasing the durability of the decorative panel.

Embodiments in which the second coat of paint does not contain particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7 offer the advantage that an even better durability of the decorative

21 BE2022/5540 panel is obtained, because the second coat of paint acts as a primer for the coat of paint.

Optionally, the second lacquer layer may contain matting agents. However, it is also possible that the second coat of paint does not contain matting agents.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that before applying the second lacquer layer to the carrier, the method comprises the step of applying a third lacquer layer to the carrier - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer -, and optionally a fourth lacquer layer — preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer —, and optionally a fifth lacquer layer — preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer -, the application of each of these layers being followed by drying and/or gelling and/ or partial curing of these lacquer layers; preferably wherein the third lacquer layer, the optional fourth lacquer layer and the optional fifth lacquer layer do not contain particles with Mohs hardness greater than 7.

Such embodiments offer even better durability since the abrasion resistance is higher.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the carrier contains a decorative layer.

The decorative layer preferably contains a print, preferably a print on a carrier, for instance on a paper sheet or on a polymer foil - preferably on a polyvinyl chloride foil - or on a plate-shaped substrate.

The carrier can contain a decor formed by the surface of a layer of veneer or by means of a layer of wood.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the carrier contains a carrier layer, the carrier layer comprising a polymer foil - preferably a polyvinyl chloride foil (preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 800 micrometers, more preferably a thickness between 20 micrometers and 500 micrometers). microns, and more preferably with thickness less than 550 microns, and more preferably with thickness less than

22 BE2022/5540 250 micrometer), or where the carrier layer contains a paper sheet impregnated with a resin — preferably with a melamine resin or with an acrylate resin or with a polyurethane dispersion, preferably where this resin contains particles to increase the wear resistance of the wear layer in which if the carrier contains a decor layer, the decor layer is located below the carrier layer.

The carrier layer preferably contains a polymer foil - preferably a polyvinyl chloride foil (preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 500 micrometers, and more preferably with a thickness of less than 250 micrometers) -, wherein the polymer foil is a polymer foil with a hardness of at least 60 Shore D, and preferably at least 70 Shore

D, and preferably at least 75 Shore D. Surprisingly, such embodiments have been found to yield a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance.

This means that decorative panels with even better durability have been obtained.

Preferably, the carrier layer contains a polymer foil, wherein the polymer foil is a polyvinyl chloride foil - preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 800 micrometers, more preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 500 micrometers, and more preferably with a thickness of less than 550 micrometers , and more preferably with a thickness of less than 250 micrometers -, wherein the polymer film is a polyvinyl chloride film containing less than 20 weight percent plasticizer, and preferably contains less than 15 weight percent plasticizer; and preferably contains less than 10 weight percent plasticizer; and more preferably contains more than 3 weight percent plasticizer.

It has surprisingly been found that such embodiments yielded a decorative panel with even better scratch resistance. This means that decorative panels with even better durability have been obtained.

More preferably, the carrier contains under the carrier layer - and under the optional decorative layer - a substrate, wherein the substrate consists of or contains one or more of - a wood fiber board, preferably an MDF or an HDF board; - a chipboard; - one or more layers of filled or unfilled polymer, preferably thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinyl chloride;

23 BE2022/5540 - one or more layers containing a mineral matrix with fillers; for example a mineral matrix based on Portland cement or on magnesium oxide or on gypsum; - one or more wood layers; or - one or more resin-impregnated kraft paper layers, preferably phenol-formaldehyde resin-impregnated kraft paper layers.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the surface of the carrier contains a texture, the lacquer layer being formed so that a texture is retained in the lacquer layer.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that after the application of the lacquer layer, a pressing operation with a surface with relief is carried out on the carrier provided with the lacquer layer, so that a texture is obtained on the surface of the carrier with the lacquer layer, preferably the lacquer layer being gelled before the pressing operation, preferably by means of UV radiation.

In this way, a surface textured panel with excellent durability can be efficiently obtained.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the method comprises the step of laminating the carrier with the lacquer layer thereon onto a substrate so that a panel is formed, preferably wherein the substrate consists of or contains one or more of - a wood fiber board, preferably an MDF or an HDF board; - a chipboard; - one or more layers of filled or unfilled polymer, preferably thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinyl chloride; - one or more layers containing a mineral matrix with fillers; for example a mineral matrix based on Portland cement or on magnesium oxide or on gypsum; - one or more wood layers; or - one or more resin-impregnated kraft paper layers, preferably phenol-formaldehyde resin-impregnated kraft paper layers.

24 BE2022/5540

In this way, a surface textured panel with excellent durability can be efficiently obtained.

Preferably, this lamination is carried out by means of a pressing operation, preferably under the influence of heat.

Preferably, the pressing operation is performed by means of an embossed pressing surface so that a texture is formed in the surface of the panel.

Preferably, the pressing operation is followed by a step in which the lacquer layer is further cured, preferably by means of UV radiation or by means of heat.

In this way the paint layer acquires its final properties with high durability.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the method concerns a method for producing a decorative panel as in any embodiment of the first aspect of the invention.

In order to better demonstrate the features of the invention, some preferred embodiments are described below by way of example without any limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 illustrates the cumulative particle size distribution; figures 2-6 show the structure of examples of decorative panels according to the invention; figure 7 shows schematically and in perspective a part of a floor covering consisting of floor panels according to the invention; figure 8 shows on a larger scale the part indicated by F8 in figure 7; figure 9 represents a top view of a floor panel from the floor covering of figures 7 and 8, and

25 BE2022/5540 figures 10 and 11 show cross-sections on a larger scale respectively according to cross-sections X-X and XI-XI in figure 9.

Figure 1 illustrates the cumulative particle size distribution of hard particles as used in the invention. The particle size A (in microns) is plotted on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis (B) plots the cumulative distribution by volume of the particles in percent, as determined by laser diffraction. In figure 6 the particle sizes S5, S50 and S95 are indicated. S50 is the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles are smaller than this particle size S50. S95 is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller than this particle size S95. SS is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller than this particle size S5.

An example of a recipe that can be used for a lacquer layer, which can be cured by means of UV radiation, according to the invention is, for example: - 5-85 weight percent oligomer of an acrylate (for example a polyester acrylate, a polyether acrylate, an epoxy acrylate , a urethane acrylate or combinations of these types of acrylates), - 5-60 weight percent monomers, for example mono- or difunctional acrylate monomers, - 0.05-10 weight percent photo-initiator and/or thermal initiator, - 0.52 weight percent anti-foaming agent, - 0.5 -2 wt% wetting agent, - 0.05-2 wt% leveling compound, - 2-15 wt% hard particles, - optional 0.05-10 wt% anti-slip agents, - optional 0.05-15 wt% matting agent, e.g. silica - optional 0.05-5 wt% UV or HALS absorbers.

A second example of a recipe that can be used for a lacquer layer that can be cured by means of UV radiation, according to the invention, is for example:

26 BE2022/5540 - 5-85 weight percent oligomer of an acrylate (for example a polyester acrylate, a polyether acrylate, an epoxy acrylate, a urethane acrylate or combinations of these types of acrylates), - 1-15 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, - 5-60 weight percent monomers, for example mono- or difunctional acrylate monomers, - 0.05-10 weight percent photoinitiator and/or thermal initiator, - 0.5-2 weight percent anti-foaming agent, - 0.5-2 weight percent wetting agent, - 0.05- 2 wt.% leveling compound, - 2-15 wt.% hard particles, - optional 0.05-10 wt.% anti-slip agents, - optional 0.05-15 wt.% matting agent, e.g. silica - optional 0.05-5 wt.% UV or HALS absorbers.

Examples of hard particles that can be used in these (or other) recipes for coatings according to the invention are: - Diamond particles, for example with S50 equal to 14 micrometres, S5 equal to 9 micrometres and S95 equal to 24 micrometres. - Diamond particles, for example with S50 equal to 6 micrometers, S5 equal to 3 micrometers and S95 equal to 11 micrometers. - Aluminum oxide particles, for example with S50 equal to 13.4 micrometers, S5 equal to 6.1 micrometers and S95 equal to 23.8 micrometers. - Aluminum oxide particles, for example with S50 equal to 7.7 microns, S5 equal to 2.7 microns and S95 equal to 14.9 microns. - Aluminum oxide particles, for example with S50 equal to 4.4 micrometers, S5 equal to 0.9 micrometers and S95 equal to 9.4 micrometers.

Figures 2-6 show the construction of examples of decorative panels according to the invention.

27 BE2022/5540

Figure 2 shows the construction of a decorative panel according to the invention. The decorative panel comprises a substrate 31, a decor layer 32, and a wear layer 33. The substrate can be, for example, a wood-based substrate, for example consisting of several layers 31A, 31B. The decorative layer can for instance be a printed paper layer impregnated with a thermosetting resin, for instance a melamine formaldehyde resin or an acrylate resin.

The wear layer 33 contains a lacquer layer 35 (with thickness T) which forms the surface of the panel and a second lacquer layer 40. In the example, both the lacquer layer 35 and the second lacquer layer 40 are acrylic lacquer layers, applied as 100% acrylic lacquers (i.e. that the liquid applied paint contains neither water nor any other solvent) which is applied by means of

UV radiation was first gelled and further cured in a heated pressing operation. The lacquer layer 35 is laid on and in contact with the second lacquer layer 40. The second lacquer layer 40 does not contain particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7 and has a thickness T3; which is preferably between half and twice the thickness T of the lacquer layer 35 .

The lacquer layer 35 contains hard particles 36 over its entire thickness. The thickness T of the lacquer layer is micrometers. The lacquer layer 35 contains, for example, 8 mass percent hard particles 36. In this example, the hard particles are diamond particles with S50 equal to 14 micrometers, 20 S5 equal to 9 micrometers and S95 equal to 24 micrometers.

The surface of the panel contains a surface structure, pressed into it by means of a textured pressing surface. In this pressing operation, the decorative paper — with the lacquer layers on it in a gelled state — was laminated to the substrate, the thermosetting resins being cured, including the lacquer layer and the second lacquer layer.

Optionally — not shown in figure 2 — an adhesive layer can be applied to one or both sides of the decorative layer, for instance applied as a water-based polyurethane dispersion. This adhesive layer can be used to improve the adhesion between the relevant layers in the decorative panel.

28 BE2022/5540

Figure 3 shows the structure of a decorative panel according to the invention. The decorative panel comprises a substrate 31, a decor layer 32, and a wear layer 33. The substrate can be, for example, a wood-based substrate, for example consisting of several layers 31A, 31B. The decorative layer can for instance be a printed paper layer impregnated with a thermosetting resin, for instance a melamine formaldehyde resin or an acrylate resin.

The wear layer 33 contains a lacquer layer 35 (with thickness T) which forms the surface of the panel and a second lacquer layer 40. In the example, both the lacquer layer 35 and the second lacquer layer 40 are acrylic lacquer layers, applied as 100% acrylic lacquers (i.e. that the liquid applied paint contains neither water nor any other solvent) which is applied by means of

UV radiation was first gelled and further cured in a heated pressing operation. The lacquer layer 35 is laid on and in contact with the second lacquer layer 40.

The lacquer layer 35 contains hard particles 36 over its entire thickness. The thickness T of the lacquer layer is micrometers. The lacquer layer 35 contains, for example, 8% by mass of hard particles. In this example, the hard particles are diamond particles with S50 equal to 14 micrometers,

SS equals 9 microns and S95 equals 24 microns. Over its entire thickness, the second lacquer layer 40 contains T3 hard particles 43, for instance aluminum oxide particles, for instance with an average particle size (meaning the S50 particle size) of 90 micrometres. The thickness T3 of the second lacquer layer 40 is preferably between 150 and 250 micrometers, more preferably between 180 and 200 micrometers.

The surface of the panel contains a surface structure, pressed into it by means of a textured pressing surface. In this pressing operation, the decorative paper — with the lacquer layers on it in a gelled condition — was laminated to the substrate, the thermosetting resins being cured, including the lacquer layer and the second lacquer layer.

Optionally — not shown in figure 3 — an adhesive layer can be applied to one or both sides of the decorative layer, for example applied as a water-based

29 BE2022/5540 polyurethane dispersion. This adhesive layer can be used to improve the adhesion between the relevant layers in the decorative panel.

Figure 4 shows another example of a floor panel according to the invention. This decorative floor panel contains a substrate 31, a decor layer 32, and a wear layer 33.

The substrate 31 may, for example, consist of one or more polyvinyl chloride layers, with fillers. One or more of these layers can be foamed. One or more of these layers can be rigid or flexible polyvinyl chloride layers, depending on the amount of plasticizers they contain.

The decorative layer 32 can be a printed polymer foil, for example a printed polyvinyl chloride foil with a thickness of 90 micrometers.

The wear layer 33 comprises a polymer foil 42, for instance a polyvinyl chloride foil with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 500 micrometers. For example, with a thickness of 300 micrometers.

The wear layer 33 further comprises a lacquer layer 35 (with thickness T) which forms the surface of the panel. In the example of Figure 4, the lacquer layer 35 was applied as 100% acrylic lacquer (i.e. the lacquer applied in liquid form contains neither water nor any other solvent).

In the example, the lacquer layer 35 was applied after thermally laminating the substrate 31, the printed polymer foil forming the decorative layer 32 and the polymer foil 42; and after texturing this laminate by means of a textured heated roller. The lacquer layer 35 is applied so that a texture in the surface of the panel is maintained. After liquid application of the lacquer layer 35, it is applied by means of

UV radiation cured.

Alternatively, after lamination of the various layers, it is also possible not to press any texture into the surface, to apply the lacquer layer in a liquid manner and to gel using UV radiation, and then to texture the surface by means of a heated textured roller. from the panel. Through this thermal treatment — and possibly through a thermal after-treatment, the paint layer is then completely cured.

30 BE2022/5540

The lacquer layer 35 contains hard particles 36 over the entire thickness T. The thickness T of the lacquer layer is 15 micrometres. The lacquer layer 35 contains, for example, 10% by mass of hard particles. In this example, the hard particles are aluminum oxide particles with S50 equal to 13.4 microns, S5 equal to 6.1 microns and S95 equal to 23.9 microns. Other thicknesses and a different selection of particles are possible within the scope of the invention.

Figure 5 shows another example of a floor panel according to the invention. This example is largely similar to the example shown in figure 4. Identical reference numerals therefore have the same meaning.

The panel of figure 5 differs from the panel of figure 4 due to a difference in the lacquer layer 35 and the presence of a second lacquer layer 40. In this example, the lacquer layer 35 has a thickness T of 10 micrometers. This lacquer layer contains hard particles 36 over its entire thickness T. The lacquer layer 35 contains, for example, 10% by mass of hard particles. In this example, the hard particles are aluminum oxide particles with S50 equal to 7.7 microns, S5 equal to 2.7 microns and S95 equal to 15 microns.

The lacquer layer 35 is applied to a second lacquer layer 40 which has a thickness of 10 micrometers and does not contain any particles with a Mohs hardness greater than 7.

In the example, the lacquer layer 35 and the second lacquer layer 40 are acrylic lacquer layers. The second lacquer layer 40 functions as an adhesive layer for the lacquer layer 35.

The lacquer layer 35 can be applied and cured in the same ways as described in the example shown in figure 4.

Figure 6 illustrates another example of a floor panel according to the invention. This example is largely similar to the example shown in figure 4. Identical reference numerals therefore have the same meaning.

The panel of figure 6 differs from the panel of figure 4 due to a difference in the structure of the wear layer 33. The wear layer 33 comprises a polymer foil 42, for instance a

31 BE2022/5540 polyvinyl chloride foil with thickness between 20 micrometer and 500 micrometer. For example, with a thickness of 300 micrometers. The wear layer 33 further comprises a lacquer layer 35. The lacquer layer 35 is made up of a first partial lacquer layer 45 with a thickness T1 and a second partial lacquer layer 46 with a thickness T2. The second partial resist 46 is applied to the first partial resist 45 . In the example, a first partial resist layer 45 has a thickness T1 equal to micrometers; and the second partial resist layer 46 has a thickness T2 equal to 10 micrometers.

The first partial lacquer layer 45 and the second partial lacquer layer 46 have the same composition and are acrylic lacquer layers applied as a liquid lacquer. Both the first partial resist 45 and the second partial resist 46 contain 10 mass percent hard particles 36. In this example, the hard particles are aluminum oxide particles with S50 equal to 7.7 microns, S5 equal to 2.7 microns, and S95 equal to 15 microns.

After applying the first partial lacquer layer 45, the second partial lacquer layer 46 can be applied. The panel can be provided with a surface texture in the same way as described in figure 4.

In the example of Figure 6, the first partial lacquer layer and the second partial lacquer layer have the same composition. This need not necessarily be so for the invention.

Figure 7 shows schematically and in perspective a part of a floor covering consisting of floor panels according to the invention. Figure 8 shows on a larger scale the part indicated by F8 in figure 7. Figure 9 is a plan view of a floor panel from the floor covering of Figures 7 and 8. Figures 10 and 11 show cross-sections on a larger scale respectively according to cross-sections X-X and XI-XI in figure 9. The panels comprise a substrate 31, a decor layer 32 and a wear layer 33 according to the invention.

Figures 7 and 8 show floor panels 1 according to the invention for forming a floor covering. These floor panels 1 include a first pair of opposite edges 2-3 as well as a second pair of opposite edges 4-5.

32 BE2022/5540

The shown floor panels 1 are configured at their edges in such a way that they can be mutually coupled according to the so-called fold-down principle, which is a principle known per se, and which consists in that such floor panels 1 can be closed at the first pair of edges 2-3 by a revolving movement R can be coupled to each other, and can be coupled to each other on the second pair of edges 4-5 by a downward movement M, the downward movement M being the result of the revolving movement R and thus being effected substantially simultaneously. The floor panels 1 are herein also configured at their edges 2-3 and 4-5 in such a way that eventually a locking in vertical direction V and also in horizontal direction H, the latter perpendicular to the relevant edges, is realized.

As shown in figures 10 to 11, such a floor panel 1 is provided for this purpose with coupling parts 6-7 on its first pair of edges 2-3, while coupling parts 8-9 are provided on the second pair of edges 4, 5, which coupling parts are referred to below with reference to Figs. Figures 10 and 11 are described in more detail.

As can be seen in figure 10, the coupling parts 8-9 of the second pair of edges 4-5 have at least the following basic features: - the coupling parts 8-9 contain a horizontal active locking system which, in a coupled condition of two such floor panels 1, provides a locking in the plane of the floor panels 1 and perpendicular to the relevant edges 4-5; - the coupling parts 8-9 also contain a vertically active locking system which, in a coupled position of two such floor panels 1, effects a locking transverse to the plane of the floor panels 1; - the coupling parts 8-9 are mainly realized from the material of the floor panel 1 itself; - the horizontally active locking system of the second pair of edges 4-5 is formed at least of an upwardly directed lower hook-shaped portion 10 located on one of the aforementioned two edges, in this case the edge 4, as well as a downwardly directed upper hook-shaped portion 11 located on the opposite edge 5, the lower hook-shaped portion 10 consisting of a lip 12 with an upwardly directed locking element 13 that extends proximately thereto a female portion 14

33 BE2022/5540 in the form of a recess, while the upper hook-shaped portion 11 consists of a lip 15 with a locking element 16 directed downwards forming a male part 17; - the coupling parts 8-9 are configured such that two such floor panels 1 can be coupled together at their respective edges 4-5 by means of a downward movement M of the one floor panel relative to the other; - the vertically active locking system comprises vertically active locking parts 18-19-20-21 which, by means of respective contact surfaces 22-23-24-25, define at least a first contact zone and a second contact zone located on either side of the male part 17 and female part 14 are located; the aforementioned vertically active locking members include a first locking member 18 and a second locking member 19 on the respective opposite sides 26-27 of the male part 17, as well as a third locking member 20 and a fourth locking member 21 on the respective opposite sides 28-29 of the male part female part 14, in other words on the sides that are on either side of the recess that forms the female part; - the first and third locking parts, 18 and 20, respectively, define in the coupled state of two such floor panels 1 the aforementioned first contact zone, wherein they have contact surfaces 22 and 24, respectively, which define at least one inclined tangent in the coupled state; - the second and fourth locking parts 19 and 21, respectively, define in the coupled condition of two such floor panels 1 the aforementioned second contact zone, wherein they have contact surfaces 23 and 25, respectively, which in the coupled condition also define at least one inclined tangent; - the aforementioned male part 17 has a distal side 27 and a proximal side 26, the second locking part 19 being located on the distal side 27; and - said two tangents are inclined upwardly towards each other from their respective contact zones.

The coupling parts 6-7 of the first pair of edges 2-3 have, as can be seen in figure 11, at least the following basic characteristics:

34 BE2022/5540 - the coupling parts 6-7 contain a horizontal active locking system HL which, in a coupled condition of two such floor panels 1, effects a locking in the plane of the floor panels 1 and perpendicular to the relevant edges 2-3; - the coupling parts 6-7 also contain a vertically active locking system VL which, in a coupled condition of two such floor panels 1, effects a locking transverse to the plane of the floor panels, in other words in vertical direction; - the coupling parts 6-7 are mainly realized from the material of the floor panel 1 itself; and - the coupling parts 6-7 are configured such that two such floor panels 1 can be coupled to each other at these edges by means of a rotational movement R.

Figures 7 - 11 illustrate the use as floor panel of panels according to the invention. However, the panels according to the invention can also be used for other applications. Figures 7 - 11 also illustrate coupling parts that may contain panels according to the invention. In each of the examples of panels shown in figures 2 - 6, coupling parts can be provided as illustrated in figures 7 - 11. The coupling parts that can be used are also not limited to those illustrated in the figures.

Comparative tests of decorative panels according to the invention have been carried out in which the carrier layer is a polyvinyl chloride foil.

In a first test, the polyvinyl chloride film contained between 30-36 parts by weight of DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate, a plasticizer) and 1-4 parts by weight of ESBO (epoxidized soybean oil, a plasticizer). This polyvinyl chloride film had a hardness of 52 shore D. The scratch resistance was measured by means of a sclerometer. The result was 6

Newton.

In a second test, the polyvinyl chloride film contained between 10-20 parts by weight of DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate, a plasticizer), and no other plasticizers. This polyvinyl

35 BE2022/5540 chloride foil had a hardness of 75 shore D. The scratch resistance was measured by means of a sclerometer. The result was more than 10 Newtons. At the sclerometer, a standardized diamond head is dragged over the material to be tested. It is determined at what pressure with which the diamond head presses on the material to be tested that a visually visible scratch is generated. The result of the second test is therefore better than the result of the first test.

The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described above, but the invention can be realized in various variants without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

36 BE2022/5540 Conclusions. 1.- Decorative panel, wherein the decorative panel contains a substrate (31) and a wear layer (33), wherein the wear layer contains a lacquer layer (35), characterized in that the lacquer layer contains hard particles (36) over its entire thickness, whereby the hard particles have a particle size of S50, where the S50 particle size, determined via the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by laser diffraction, is the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles are smaller than this particle size S50; that the lacquer layer has a thickness T; and that the thickness T of the lacquer layer is between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50; and preferably between 0.7 * S50 and 1.8 * S50. Decorative panel as in claim 1, characterized in that the lacquer layer (35) is an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lacquer layer (35) is an acrylic lacquer layer, wherein the acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, where this weight percent is determined relative to the total mass of the lacquer layer, preferably in which the acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably in which the acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 5% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably whereby the acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 10% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, at higher preferably wherein the acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 12 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. 37 BE2022/5540 Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the S50 particle size is between 3 micrometers and 20 micrometers, preferably between 5 micrometers and 15 micrometers. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) have a particle size distribution by volume where ($95-S5)/S50 is less than 2, and preferably less than 1.5, and more preferably less than 1.4; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller; and where S5 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) have a particle size distribution by volume where (S95-S50)/S50 is less than 1, and preferably less than 0.9; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) have a particle size distribution by volume in which (S50-S5)/S50 is less than 0.8, and preferably less than 0.6; where SS in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness T of the lacquer layer (35) is between 4 micrometers and 60 micrometers, and is preferably less than 40 micrometers, and more preferably less than 30 micrometers, and more preferably less than 20 micrometers. BE2022/5540 9- Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lacquer layer (35) contains between 2 and 15 mass percent hard particles (36); and preferably between 3 and 10 mass percent and/or preferably more than 5 mass percent; more preferably more than 7 mass percent. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) are spherical particles or non-spherical particles or plate-shaped particles, for example plate-shaped with a hexagonal shape. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) have an average aspect ratio between 2:1 and 7:1. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) have a Mohs hardness higher than 7, and preferably higher than 8; and more preferably of at least 9. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) are aluminum oxide particles or diamond particles or silicon carbide particles or moissanite particles. A decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard particles (36) contain a silane coating, for example wherein the hard particles are silane coated aluminum oxide particles. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lacquer layer (35) does not contain a paper layer. 16. Decorative panel as in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lacquer layer (35) is at least partly by means of UV radiation 39 BE2022/5540 and/or has been cured by means of excimer radiation and/or by means of an electron beam and/or by means of elevated temperature. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a second lacquer layer (40) under the lacquer layer (35); preferably wherein this second lacquer layer is an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer; and/or preferably wherein said second lacquer layer contacts the lacquer layer (35). Decorative panel as in claim 17, characterized in that the second lacquer layer (40) is an acrylic lacquer layer, wherein this acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, wherein this weight percent is determined in relation to the total mass of the lacquer layer; preferably in which this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 1% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably in which this acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 5% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably wherein this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 10% by weight dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably whereby this acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 12% by weight dendritic oligomer with a acrylic functionality of 5 or higher. Decorative panel as in claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the second lacquer layer (40) does not contain any particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims - 17 - 19, characterized in that the thickness of the second lacquer layer (40) is between half and twice the thickness of the lacquer layer (35). Decorative panel as in claims 17, 18 or 20, characterized in that the second lacquer layer (40) contains hard particles (43) with Mohs hardness higher than 7, at 40 BE2022/5540 is preferred in which the hard particles (43) in the second lacquer layer have an average size - meaning the S50 value - of more than 50 micrometres, preferably of more than 75 micrometres; and preferably less than 125 microns and more preferably less than 100 microns. Decorative panel as in claim 21, characterized in that the second lacquer layer (40) is at least 125 micrometers thick, and preferably at least 150 micrometers thick, and more preferably at least 175 micrometers thick. 23. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims 17 - 22, characterized in that the wear layer contains a third lacquer layer under the second lacquer layer - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer - and optionally a fourth lacquer layer - preferably contains an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer; and optionally contains a fifth lacquer layer - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer. 24- Decorative panel as in claim 23, characterized in that the third lacquer layer, the optional fourth lacquer layer and the optional fifth lacquer layer contain(s) no particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7. 25. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims 23 - 24, characterized in that the third lacquer layer - and/or optionally the optional fourth lacquer layer, and optionally the optional fifth lacquer layer - is an acrylic lacquer layer, wherein this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, where this weight percentage is determined in relation to the total mass of the lacquer layer; preferably in which this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 1% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably in which this acrylate lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 5% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably where this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 10% by weight dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality 41 BE2022/5540 of 5 or higher, more preferably wherein this acrylic lacquer layer is obtained by using at least 12 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lacquer layer (35) comprises a first partial lacquer layer (45) of thickness T1 and a second partial lacquer layer (46) of thickness T2 — and in addition preferably consists of - , wherein the second partial lacquer layer is applied to the first partial lacquer layer, with both the thickness T1 of the first partial lacquer layer and the thickness T2 of the second lacquer layer being between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50; and preferably between 0.7 * S50 and 1.8 * S50. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel comprises a decor layer (32), the decor layer being located below the wear layer (33); preferably the decor layer is above the substrate or the decor layer is formed by the top surface of the substrate (31). Decorative panel as in claim 27, characterized in that the decorative layer (32) contains a print, preferably a print on the substrate (31) or a print on a carrier, for instance wherein the carrier contains or is a paper sheet or a polymer foil. , preferably on a polyvinyl chloride foil. 29. Decorative panel as in claim 28, characterized in that the wear layer (33) contains an additional layer, located closer to the substrate than the lacquer layer, the additional layer comprising a polymer foil (42) - preferably a polyvinyl chloride foil. preferably with thickness between 20 micrometer and 800 micrometer, more preferably with thickness between 20 micrometer and 500 micrometer, more preferably with thickness less than 550 micrometer, more preferably with thickness less than 250 micrometer. Decorative panel as in claim 29, characterized in that the polymer foil (42) is a polymer foil with a hardness of at least 60 Shore D, and preferably at least 70 Shore D, and preferably at least 75 Shore D. 40 BE2022/5540 Decorative panel as in claims 29 or 30, characterized in that the polymer foil (42) is a polyvinyl chloride foil containing less than 20% by weight of plasticizer, and preferably contains less than 15% by weight of plasticizer; and preferably contains less than 10 weight percent plasticizer; and more preferably contains more than 3 weight percent plasticizer. Decorative panel as in claim 28, characterized in that the wear layer contains an additional layer, wherein the additional layer contains a paper sheet impregnated with a resin - preferably with a melamine resin or with an acrylate resin or with a polyurethane resin -, preferably wherein this resin contains particles to increase the wear resistance of the wear layer. Decorative panel as in claims 29 - 32, characterized in that the surface of the panel contains a texture, wherein the texture extends at least into the additional layer. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims 1-27, characterized in that the decor of the decorative panel is formed by the surface of a layer of veneer or by means of a layer of wood. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substrate (31) consists of or contains one or more of - a wood fiber board, preferably an MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) or an HDF (High Density Fiberboard) plate; - a chipboard; - one or more layers of filled or unfilled polymer, preferably thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinyl chloride; - one or more layers containing a mineral matrix with fillers; for example a mineral matrix based on Portland cement or on magnesium oxide or on gypsum; - one or more layers of wood; or - one or more resin-impregnated kraft paper layers, preferably phenol-formaldehyde resin-impregnated kraft paper layers. 43 BE2022/5540 Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the panel contains a texture. Decorative panel as in claim 36, characterized in that the distance perpendicular to the panel between the highest and the lowest point in the texture is more than 200 micrometers, and preferably more than 400 micrometers. Decorative panel as in claim 36, characterized in that the distance perpendicular to the panel between the highest and the lowest point in the texture is more than micrometers and preferably less than 30 micrometers. 39. Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel comprises a first pair of opposite edges (2, 3), of which a first edge (2) and a second edge (3), wherein the first pair of opposite edges contains coupling parts (6, 7), wherein these coupling parts contain locking parts, so that the panel can be coupled with its first edge to the second edge of another such panel, so that on the one hand a locking is obtained in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the thus coupled panels, and on the other hand a locking is obtained in the direction in the plane of the coupled panels perpendicular to the coupled panels. Decorative panel as in claim 39, characterized in that the panel comprises a second pair of opposite edges (4, 5), of which a third edge (4) and a fourth edge (5), wherein the second pair of opposite edges intersect ( 8, 9), wherein these coupling parts contain locking parts, so that the panel can be coupled with its third edge to the fourth edge of another such panel, so that on the one hand a locking is obtained in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the thus coupled panels, and on the other hand a locking is obtained in the direction in the plane of the coupled panels perpendicular to the coupled panels. 44 BE2022/5540 Decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decorative panel is a floor panel. 42.- Method for producing a cured lacquer layer (35) on a carrier, wherein a liquid lacquer is applied to the carrier for forming with this liquid lacquer a cured lacquer layer of thickness T, wherein the lacquer is applied by means of UV- can be cured by radiation and/or by means of thermal curing; characterized in that the liquid paint contains hard particles (36) with an S50 particle size, the S50 particle size being determined via the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by laser diffraction as the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles are smaller than this particle size S50; and that the thickness T of the cured lacquer layer to be formed is between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50; and wherein the cured lacquer layer contains the hard particles over its full thickness T. Method as in claim 42, characterized in that the thickness T of the cured lacquer layer to be formed is between 0.7 * S50 and 1.8 * S50. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 43, characterized in that the lacquer layer is an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 44, characterized in that the liquid lacquer is selected from a 100% acrylic lacquer, a water-based UV-acrylate and a water-based polyurethane dispersion. 46. Method as in claim 45, characterized in that the liquid lacquer is a 100% acrylic lacquer, wherein the liquid lacquer contains at least 0.1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, preferably in which the liquid lacquer contains at least 1 contains at least 5 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably wherein the liquid paint contains at least 10 weight percent dendritic oligomer with contains an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, at higher 45 BE2022/5540 is preferred, wherein the liquid lacquer contains at least 12% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 46, characterized in that the S50 particle size is between 3 micrometers and 20 micrometers, preferably between 5 micrometers and 15 micrometers. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 47, characterized in that the hard particles (36) have a particle size distribution by volume where (S95-S5)/S50 is less than 2, and preferably less than 1.5 , and more preferably less than 1.4; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller; and where S5 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 48, characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution by volume where (S95-S50)/S50 is less than 1, and preferably less than 0.9; where S95 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 95% of the particles are smaller. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 49, characterized in that the hard particles have a particle size distribution by volume where (S50-S5)/S50 is less than 0.8, and preferably less than 0.6; where S5 in the particle size distribution by volume as determined by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 5% of the particles are smaller. 51. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 50, characterized in that the thickness T of the lacquer layer to be formed is between 4 micrometres and 60 micrometres, and preferably less than 40 micrometres, and more preferably less than 20 micrometres. 46 BE2022/5540 Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 51, characterized in that the lacquer layer (35) contains between 2 and 15 mass percent hard particles; and preferably between 3 and 10% by mass; and/or preferably more than 5 mass percent and more preferably more than 7 mass percent. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 52, characterized in that the hard particles are spherical particles or non-spherical particles or plate-shaped particles, for example plate-shaped with a hexagonal shape. 54.- Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 53, characterized in that the hard particles have an average aspect ratio between 2:1 and 7:1. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 54, characterized in that the hard particles have a Mohs hardness higher than 7, and preferably higher than 8; and more preferably have a Mohs hardness of at least 9. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 55, characterized in that the hard particles are aluminum oxide particles or diamond particles or silicon carbide particles or moissanite particles. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 56, characterized in that the hard particles contain a silane coating, for example wherein the hard particles are silane coated aluminum oxide particles. 58. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 57, characterized in that the application of the liquid lacquer for forming with this lacquer the cured lacquer layer of thickness T is carried out in steps, wherein in a first step a first layer of liquid lacquer is applied, the method comprising the step of applying a second layer of liquid lacquer; where the first layer 47 BE2022/5540 liquid lacquer and the second layer of liquid lacquer together form the liquid lacquer to form the cured lacquer layer of thickness T. Method as in claim 58, characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer is dried and/or partially cured before applying the second layer of liquid lacquer. Method as in claim 58, characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer is not dried and not partially cured before applying the second layer of liquid lacquer. 61. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 58 - 60, characterized in that after applying the first layer of liquid lacquer, a brushing operation is performed in the wet lacquer layer formed when the first layer of liquid lacquer is applied. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 58 - 61, characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer and the second layer of liquid lacquer have the same composition, the first layer of liquid lacquer resulting in a layer thickness T1 after curing and wherein the second layer of liquid lacquer after curing results in a layer thickness T2, the liquid lacquer of the first layer and the liquid lacquer of the second layer containing the hard particles; the thicknesses T1 and T2 each being between 0.5 * S50 and 2 * S50. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 58 - 61, characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer and the second layer of liquid lacquer have a different composition; in which the first layer of liquid lacquer results in a layer thickness T1 after curing and in which the second layer of liquid lacquer results in a layer thickness T2 after curing, in which the first layer of liquid lacquer contains hard particles over its entire thickness, in which the hard particles of the first layer liquid paint have an S50-1 particle size, where the S50-1 particle size, determined via the cumulative particle size distribution according to 48 BE2022/5540 volume measured by laser diffraction is the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles of the first layer of liquid lacquer are smaller than this particle size S50-1; wherein the layer thickness T1 is between 0.5 * S50-1 and 2 * S50-1; and preferably between 0.7 * S50-1 and 1.8 * S50-1; wherein the second layer of liquid lacquer contains hard particles throughout its thickness, wherein the hard particles of the second layer of liquid lacquer have a particle size of S50-2, wherein the S50-2 particle size, determined via the cumulative particle size distribution by volume measured by means of laser diffraction is the particle size at which 50% of the hard particles of the second liquid layer are smaller than this particle size S50-2; wherein the layer thickness T2 is between 0.5 * S50-2 and 2 * S50-2; and preferably between 0.7 * S50-2 and 1.8 * S50-2. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 58 - 63, characterized in that the layer thickness T1 of the first layer of liquid lacquer after curing is less than 25 micrometers (and preferably less than 20 micrometers), and/or because the layer thickness T2 of the second layer of liquid lacquer is less than 25 micrometers (and preferably less than 20 micrometers) after curing. 65. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 58 - 64, characterized in that the first layer of liquid lacquer and/or the second layer of liquid lacquer contains at least 0.1% by weight of dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, preferably contains at least 1 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably contains at least 5 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably contains at least 10 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher, more preferably contains at least 12 weight percent dendritic oligomer with an acrylate functionality of 5 or higher. 66.- Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 65, characterized in that the method comprises the step of at least partly by means 49 BE2022/5540 of UV radiation and/or by means of excimer radiation and/or by means of electron beam curing of the lacquer layer. 67. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 66, characterized in that before applying the liquid lacquer, the method comprises the step of applying a second lacquer layer to the support by liquid means - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer — followed by drying and/or gelling and/or partial curing of this second lacquer layer; preferably wherein the second lacquer layer does not contain particles with Mohs hardness higher than 7. Method as in claim 67, characterized in that before applying the second lacquer layer to the carrier, the method comprises the step of applying a third lacquer layer - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer - to the carrier, and optionally a fourth lacquer layer - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer - and optionally a fifth lacquer layer - preferably an acrylic lacquer layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer -, the application of each of these layers being followed by drying and/or gelling and/or partial curing of these lacquer layers; preferably wherein the third lacquer layer, the optional fourth lacquer layer and the optional fifth lacquer layer do not contain particles with Mohs hardness greater than 7. 69. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 68, characterized in that the carrier contains a decorative layer. Method as in claim 68, characterized in that the decorative layer contains a print, preferably a print on a carrier, for instance on a paper sheet or on a polymer foil - preferably on a polyvinyl chloride foil - or on a plate-shaped substrate. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 68, characterized in that the carrier contains a decor formed by the surface of a layer of veneer or by means of a layer of wood. 50 BE2022/5540 72.- Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 71, characterized in that the carrier contains a carrier layer, the carrier layer comprising a polymer foil - preferably a polyvinyl chloride foil (preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 800 micrometer, more preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 500 micrometers, more preferably with a thickness of less than 550 micrometers and more preferably with a thickness of less than 250 micrometers), or wherein the carrier layer comprises a paper sheet impregnated with a resin - preferably with a melamine resin or with an acrylate resin or with a polyurethane dispersion, preferably where this resin contains particles to increase the wear resistance of the wear layer, whereby if the carrier contains a decorative layer, the decorative layer is located below the carrier layer. 73. Method as in claim 72, characterized in that the carrier layer contains a polymer foil - preferably a polyvinyl chloride foil (preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometers and 500 micrometers, and more preferably with a thickness of less than 250 micrometers) - wherein the polymer film (42) is a polymer film having a hardness of at least 60 Shore D, and preferably at least 70 Shore D, and preferably at least 75 Shore D. 74. Method as in claim 72 or 73, characterized in that the carrier layer contains a polymer foil, wherein the polymer foil is a polyvinyl chloride foil - preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometres and 800 micrometres, more preferably with a thickness between 20 micrometres and 500 micrometres microns, more preferably less than 550 microns in thickness, and more preferably less than 250 microns in thickness -, wherein the polymer film (42) is a polyvinyl chloride film containing less than 20 weight percent plasticizer, and preferably less than 15 weight percent contains plasticizer; and preferably contains less than 10 weight percent plasticizer; and more preferably contains more than 3 weight percent plasticizer. 75. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 72 - 74, characterized in that the carrier contains a substrate under the carrier layer - and under the optional decorative layer - wherein the substrate consists of or contains one or more of - a wood fiber board, preferably an MDF or an HDF board; 51 BE2022/5540 - a chipboard; - one or more layers of filled or unfilled polymer, preferably thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinyl chloride; - one or more layers containing a mineral matrix with fillers; for example a mineral matrix based on Portland cement or on magnesium oxide or on gypsum; - one or more layers of wood; or - one or more resin-impregnated kraft paper layers, preferably phenol-formaldehyde resin-impregnated kraft paper layers. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 75, characterized in that the surface of the carrier contains a texture, the lacquer layer being formed so that a texture in the lacquer layer is maintained. 77. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 76, characterized in that after the application of the lacquer layer, a pressing operation with an embossed surface is carried out on the carrier provided with the lacquer layer so that on the surface of the a texture is obtained with the lacquer layer, preferably in which the lacquer layer has been gelled before the pressing operation, preferably by means of UV radiation. 78.- Method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 77, characterized in that the method comprises the step of laminating the carrier with the lacquer layer thereon onto a substrate to form a panel, preferably wherein the substrate consists of or contains one or more of a wood fiber board, preferably an MDF or an HDF board; - a chipboard; - one or more layers of filled or unfilled polymer, preferably thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinyl chloride; - one or more layers containing a mineral matrix with fillers; for example a mineral matrix based on Portland cement or on magnesium oxide or on gypsum; - one or more layers of wood; or 52 BE2022/5540 - one or more resin-impregnated kraft paper layers, preferably phenol-formaldehyde resin-impregnated kraft paper layers. Method as in claim 78, characterized in that this lamination is carried out by means of a pressing operation, preferably under the influence of heat. Method as in claim 79, characterized in that the pressing operation is performed by means of a pressing surface with relief, so that a texture is formed in the surface of the panel. Method as in any one of the preceding claims 79 - 80, characterized in that the pressing operation is followed by a step in which the lacquer layer is further cured, preferably by means of UV radiation or by means of heat. A method as in any one of the preceding claims 42 - 81, characterized in that the method is a method for producing a decorative panel as in any one of the preceding claims 1 - 41.