AU780396B2 - Method for separating CO2 from waste gases, converting it to CH4 and storing both outside the atmosphere and methane produced by this method - Google Patents
Method for separating CO2 from waste gases, converting it to CH4 and storing both outside the atmosphere and methane produced by this method Download PDFInfo
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- AU780396B2 AU780396B2 AU64480/99A AU6448099A AU780396B2 AU 780396 B2 AU780396 B2 AU 780396B2 AU 64480/99 A AU64480/99 A AU 64480/99A AU 6448099 A AU6448099 A AU 6448099A AU 780396 B2 AU780396 B2 AU 780396B2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- KGLZWCCDTHHPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1CN=CC=C1 KGLZWCCDTHHPLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940006193 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102220603123 Growth hormone variant_H28S_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000202970 Methanobacterium formicicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203353 Methanococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000205275 Methanosarcina barkeri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001302042 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043379 ammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZNEWHQLOPFWXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N coenzyme M Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCS ZNEWHQLOPFWXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009365 direct transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/005—Waste disposal systems
- E21B41/0057—Disposal of a fluid by injection into a subterranean formation
- E21B41/0064—Carbon dioxide sequestration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT Name of Applicant: WERNER WILD Actual Inventor: WERNER WILD Address for Service: Chrysiliou Moore Martin CMC Centre 143 Sydney Road Fairlight Sydney NSW 2094 Invention Title: Method For Separating CO 2 From Waste Gases, Converting it to
CH
4 and Storing Both Outside the Atmosphere and Methane Produced by this Method The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: \\server\e\docs\Itr\9912a76.dockr 24/01/2005 16:23 24/1/0051823Chrv'siliIou Low 95534755 8/19 wmodmc~ts\9055 Mpm I METHOD FOR SEPARATING CO 2 FROM WASTE GASES, CONVERTING IT TO CH 4 AND STORING BOTH OUTSIDE THE ATMOSPHERE AND METHANE PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD.
Beside the methane emanating from technical installations and in a natural way from the soil, carbon dioxide (C0 2 is the most important greenhouse gas. It destroys the ozone belt which is protecting life on earth from intensive ultraviolet radiation.
For more than a decade technicians and scientists are seeking methods and means lo in order to eliminate the noxious CO 2 from waste gases and to store it in the form of an insoluble chemical compound or outside of the atmosphere of the earth.
There are technically feasible proposals (partly tested in pilot plants) in order to separate the CO 2 from combustion or other waste gases, to concentrate it (by liquefing), to use it industrially or to store it under-ground (in aquifers, deep sea or to stimulate poorly producing oil reservoirs). One of the practical ways to concentrate the CO 2 consists of reintroducing the combustion CO 2 by a secondary cycle in the combustion process after having made the combustion air nitrogen-free by catalytic and/or cryogenic separation. Instead of the use in neighbouring chemical plants, the binding of CO 2 on seaweed as well as the bacterial fermentation of the CO 2 in special reactors have been technically examined in pilot :plants. These latter processes need either large storing volumes for the CO 2 resp.
CH
4 produced or an absolutely constant operation of the C0 2 producing installations, because these binding resp. fermentation processes are not flexible.
Specially thermal power plants demand such flexibility in order to cover daily, weekly and seasonal peaks.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for separating CO 2 from waste gases of combustion plants and like by bacterial conversion of the CO 2 to
CH
4 and storing bath gases outside of the atmosphere, wherein the bacterial conversion (reduction) of the CO 2 and the storage of both gases takes place underground in a porous or finely cleaved structure being closed at the upper part by a ight structure being a naturally available underground reservoir.
The invention preferably comprises the pumping of the separated, purified, liquefied and dryed CO 2 in a pipeline to a nearby aquifer, a natural gas reservoir or an oil bearing structure and in- COMS ID No: SBMI-01090184 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:28 Date 2005-01-24 20/10/2004 15:12 Chrysl llou Law 95534755 14/35 2 jecting the CO 2 into it and treating the structures in the first two cases previously with bacteria cultures (and ev. suitable substrate). In the third case the methanogenic bacteria and the substrate will be already naturally present so that the conversion of the C02 to CH 4 may immediately begin. For that purpose the following conditions have to be naturally present or artificially created. (see bibliography in the annex): 1. There has to be enough R2 for reduction of the CO 2 (or as electron donor) in the structure, either in free form produced by metamorphic rock in the depth, or by bacterial direct transmission from organic H2 containing substrate, or 15 by bacterial splitting off of the pore water, or by artificial feeding of H2 in pure form or in form of ammonia (H 3 which forms in the structure, in contact with the pore water, partly ammoniumhydroxide
NH
4 CH and with the CO 2 urea (H 2
N)
2 CO which, by bacteria-aided hydrolizing, splits off free H2, or e.g. by artificial feeding of formiates NaHCO or 2 Ca(HC0 2 2 a 2. The sulfate content of the sediment in the structure has to be either ,o 25 enough poor that the sulfate no more can selectively bind the H2 necessary for the CO 2 reduction, and/or no H 2 S or other sulfide may act as methanogenic poison, or the sulfate competing with the CO 2 reduction may be artificially blocked by an inhibitor Na-molybdate or fluorlactate), or by feeding H2 into the structure enough long before the CO 2 injection, so that the sulfate will be eufficiently reduced.
COMS ID No: SBMI-00963504 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:13 Date 2004-10-20 20/10/2004 18:13 Chry l llou Law 95534755 15/35 3 3. There must be present in the sediment a methanogenic bacterial population large enough methanococcus, methanobacterium formicicum, methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, methanosarcina barkerii, or other photosynthetic bacteria) which is able, to split off free H 2 from the pore water or from H28S, and to reduce the 002 to CH4 sufficiently, eventually by addition of catalysators like e.g.
palladium, adding, if necessary, the needed bacterial population and/or the substrate artificially.
The main condition to realize the CO 2 conversion is a drilling- (in a aquifer, a natural gas reservoir or an oil bea- 15 ring formation) across the gas or oil containing structure till in the aquatic phase thereunder, with cores from the interesting stratums and analyzing these cores in the laboratory. The main aim is finding (or not) the necessary bacteria, the substrate whereon they live, the chemical composition of all sediment parts, the presence of H2, sulfate as well as the absence of Na-AL-silicates. With these results it will be further established under which conditions the found (or added) bacteria and the substrate are able to produce CH4 from CO 2 and how much.
25 0 25 By adding other substrates acetate, methanol, methylamine, dihydronicotinamide, dihydro-5-diazaflavine, 2-mercaptoethane-sulfonic acid and like) it will be established if the
CO
2 reduction to CH 4 is intensified resp. accelerated. With a given substrate the addition of C0 2 in the. presence of H 2 increases the CH4 production normally by more than one magnitude. The same is the result when H 2 is added in presence of C02. Consequently, both gases have to be present together for ensuring an optimal CH 4 production. In this connection it may be noted that the 4 H atoms needed for the CH 4 do not originate from the added H 2 gas (or NH 3 but from the pore COMS ID No: SBMI-00963504 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:13 Date 2004-10-20 20/10/2004 10:13 20/0/0041613Chrysillou Law 95534755 16/35 4 water. The H12 gas serves only as electron donor. All research work hitherto existing shows that bacteria and substrate are only a transition station for the H12 necessary for CC02 reduction. Consequently, during the laboratoryex perimente the consumption of bacteria and substrate as well naturally present as also artificially added matter, has to be established. Concerning the practical use of the invention, a consumption of bacteria and/or suxbstrate to high could dictate an economic limit.
As soonl as the different questions are resolved by the laboratory experiments, the same tests are following under in situ conditions of pressure and temperatuxe (still in the laboratory). This clarifying by steps conducts to the optimum method which is than tryed out in a pilot test 1:I after a second drilling (observation drilling) in relative vicinity to the first drilling. If there is.-a flow direction of the pore water, the testing has to be made on the low o~o.side and the 002 addition on the high side of the flow. An increasing ZMcontent signifies a positive conversion, which is confirmed by an also increasing H12 content.
This is specially the case with the addition of ammonia a gas instead of pure H12 The basic chemical transformation 9 according to the formula C02 4 H 2 CH1 2 H120 becomes 2 2..
with ammonia in molecular writing 2 CO 2 6 i~N 2 CH 2 3 4 3 N 2 +4 H 2 0 H12 what means that the transformation .yields a H 2excess which passes over in the next step, **so that, in constant operation, will be an equilibrium 002 :NH 3 of approx. 1 2,7. But +this will only be the case if the H12 procurement is not aided by bacterial assistance. Such bacterial assistance liberates practically alway supleentl H2 frmorganic substrates or from pore water, eventually supported by H2from metamorphic rock, what reduces the C0 2 /N11 3 proportion from 2,7 to I and less.
COMS ID No: SBMI-00963504 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:13 Date 2004-10-20 20/10/2004 15:0 20'l/2041813Chryillou Law 95534755 17/35 The CO 2 reduction produces in every case additional pore watr.Theus ofNE3 asR2 donor has the special disadvantage of producing the double quantity of pore water compared to the use of pure H 2 and that 40 of the NH 3 gas remain as N 2 (ballast) in the structure and appear occasionally as pollution in the produced CH 4and demand a separation (purification). Economically it could be better to inject pure H under high pressure as emulsion in the liquid 0 2- (with or without emulgatore). At the maximum possible proportion of volume CO 2 :H 2 of I1 4 the emulsion becomes foam~y and at smaller H 2 requirements and higher pressure the H 2is broken up in small gas bubbles in the liquid CO 2 The liquid medium CO 2 covers than the inner surface of the steel tube and not the H 2 gas and forms a protection layer 15 having itself a soluted proportion H 2 O vlm)o approx. I1- 100 (at the normally present conditions of pressure and temperature) and protects in such manner the steel from brittleness by direct hydrogen attack. For this pro- *tection it is essential that there is a turbulent flow in order to maintain the C0 2 /H 2 emulsion during injection in the structure. Moreover the structure temperature (approx.
:0 0 8C) is not high enough to really cause hydrogen brittleness (over 30000). Because of the difficulty to control long~~ pplnsthHsould be produced in the field at 25 the injection point. But there is no danger for an autoreduction of the CO 2 to CH 4 within the GO/ 2 i i h injection tube at the existing temperatures.
If the CO 2 conversion takes place in a aquifer, the addition of H 2 bacteria and/or substrate is unavoidable, but may be avoidable in a natural gas reservoir created by gas migration and is most probably not necessary in oil and gas bearing (generating) formations. ihe eventual additions beside the CO 2
(NH
3 H 2 1 bacteria, substrates, catalyeatore, COMS ID No: SBMI-00963504 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:13 Date 2004-10-20 20/10/2004 18:14 Chrysililou Law 95534755 18/35 6 inhibitors) shall not pollute the groundwater of aquifers being situated above the deep lying brack waters. For these latter the polluti6n aspect is of minor significance.
The enclosed drawing shows schematically and as an example a modern installation according to the invention, applied on a anticlinal structure. The drawing considers only process phases. In the whole process N2 is considered as ballast. It is separated from the combustion air catalytically or cryogenically in phase 1, being afterwards vented directly to the atmosphere or e.g. in a NH 3 production plant 16.
The remaining 020 CO 2 from air, noble gases and some polluants are burnt in the following combustion plant 2 (gas turbine, gas motor, boiler and like). In the separation 15 plant 3 the combustion products H2 and CO 2 as well as N 2 2 2N 2 (remaining N 2 or total N 2 in the case of absence of phase 1) 2 2@ are separated from each other. The oatalysator plant 4 reduces resp. oxidizes the oxides NOx, S02, CO to N 2 elemental sulfur, oxygen and. CO 2 feeding practically pure CO 2 20 in the compressor 5. Here the CO 2 is liquefied, cooled down (not shown in the drawing) and is stored in the reservoir 6. Eventually here accumulating water may be drained :off in order to be reconducted in the process phase 16 or to the environment. Such reconduotion is also possible for 25 CO 2 from the reservoir 6 to the burning installation 2 (if there.is air separation in phase 1) in order to create a combustion in a O21CO atmosphere If there is no or not enough H 2 present in the storage and conversion structure 13, 14 to ensure complete reduction of the C0 2 the process is equipped with an ammonia plant 16.
The nitrogen N 2 for the production of NH 3 comes from the phase 1, the necessary H 2 from fresh water and the stripped off 02 will be sent in the combustion process in phase 2.
COMS ID No: SBMI-00963504 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:13 Date 2004-10-20 20/10/2004 16:14 ChrysIllou Law 95534755 19/35 7
CO
2 and NH 3 are pumped on identical high pressure in the compressors 7 reap. 17 and flow as a mix along the pipeline 8 to the storage field 13. If during. this transport urea
(H
2
N)
2 C0 should be formed from the C0 2 /NH 3 mix, it is only of interest in view to the also forming H 2 0 as byproduct, because this water would form together with the C02 the acid H2CO 3 which could attack the pipeline by internal corrosion. At the same moment the NH 3 would form in the presence of H 2 0 the basio NH 4 OH able to neutralize at least partly the dangerous H 2
CO
3 It is indicated to check for internal corrosion and to add eventually a corrosion inhibitor. Another possibility is the batchwise separated transport of the liquid 002 and NE 3 as usual in oil and product pipelines.
Acording to the idea of the present invention, the storage field (aquifer, natural gas reservoir, oil generating rock structure) serves as conversion reactor for the CO 2 The injection drillings II for the CO2, the H 2 (or H 3 are arranged around the extraction drilling :10 for the CH 4 20 in such a manner that there will be a central flowing.
In the drawing the 4 injection drillings 11 are unrolled to one plane, but in reality they are arranged in a square around the extraction drilling 10. The injection drillings 0000 11 reach in the pore water containing part 14 Of the anti- 25 olinale, because the reduction of the CO to CH takes place ooooo:2 4 O in this part. In order to take the cores for the laboratory experiments mentioned further above, the drilling 10 reaches o "..initially the pore water part 14, is later cemented and than perforated. The CH 4 produced from the C02 is first stored in the water part 14 and with increasing volume comes in contact with the gaseous part 13 and forms so a compact gas phase. During the in situ tests in scale I 1 mentioned above the drilling 10 reaches in the water part 14. From the injection drillings 11 the produced CH 4 is driven by a small overpressure to the extraction drilling 10. This tech- COMS ID No: SBMI-00963504 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:13 Date 2004-10-20 20/10/2004 16:15 20/0/0041815Chrygillou Low 95534755 20/35 8 nique is also used in the case of CO 2 pressuring (stimulation) of poorly producing oil fields. This known technique also provides for a rich experience concerning the compatibility of the rock and CO 2 Each injection drilling 11. has a nozzle 12 for the injection of" separate additions of bacteria, sUbstrates, inhibitors and/or catalysators. The extraction drilling 10 is joined at his head to the gas pipeline 9 which in her turn is joined to the combustion plant 2. Under the aquifer 14 with the gas reservoir 13 there is the rock basis 15, furnishing eventually enough H 2 diffusing from metamorphic rock in the depth to the top.
The operation of the field installations is very similar to that. of a natural gas storing field with injection and extraction drillings. The volumes of the consumed 002 and CH 4 formed from it being theoretically equal (appart from small losses) the pressure in the storage structure 13 (or conversion reactor 13) remains stable for a long time because *there is a practically closed circuit CO _CH The nysp 2 4* nysp 20 plemental. feeding quantities are the H 2 donor NH 3 catalysatore, inhibitors and eventually bacteria and sub- .:04strates. Natural gas becomes in this way a renewable energy.
In order to preserve clearness, the following installations are omitted from the drawing: pumps and compressors only for 25 feeding and circulation purposes between the proceise phases, coolers, separators, compensation tanks and regulator parts.
In view to completeness the drawing shows also industries 18 in vicinity to the power plant 2, which can use as well CH14 as CO2and other byproducts of the whole process. This guarantees an optimal utilization combined with high flexibility.
Through-out the specification and claims the word "Comprise" and its derivatives is intended to have an inclusive rather than exclusive meaning unless the context requires otherwise.
COMS ID No: SBMI-00963504 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:13 Date 2004-10-20
Claims (8)
1. Method for separating CO 2 from waste gases of combustion plants and like by bacterial conversion of the CO 2 to CH 4 and storing both gases outside of the atmosphere, wherein the bacterial conversion (reduction) of the CO 2 and the storage of both gases takes place underground in a porous or finely cleaved structure being closed at the upper part by a tight structure being a naturally available underground reservoir.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein means are provided in order to inject substances in the porous or finely cleaved structure which favour the conversion.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous or finely cleaved structure is an aquifer.
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous or finely cleaved structure is a natural gas reservoir. 15
5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous or finely cleaved structure is an oil and/or gas generating formation.
6. Method according to claim 2, wherein the substances favouring the conversion are methanogenic bacteria, organic substrate, H 2 spending substances, catalysators and inhibitors. S: 20
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein the H 2 spending substance is ammonia NH 3 in gaseous or liquid form.
8. Method according to claim 6, wherein the H 2 spending substance is H 2 gas in form of a foam or in form of small bubbles emulgated in liquid CO 2 S9. Methane in form of natural gas, wherein the methane is artificially produced according to the method described in claims 1-8 hereinbefore. COMS ID No: SBMI-01090184 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:28 Date 2005-01-24 24/01/2005 16:26 ChrysiIlou Low 95534755 12/19 Amendmnts\9055b-doc A method of separating CO 2 from waste gases of combustion plants and the like substantially as herein described with reference to the drawing. Dated this 2 1 day of January 2005 Werner Wild by his Patent Attorneys CHRYSJLIOU LAW a a a a a a a. a a a a a a a a a. a a a a *a COMS ID No: SBMI-01090184 Received by IP Australia: Time 16:28 Date 2005-01-24
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU64480/99A AU780396B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 1999-12-13 | Method for separating CO2 from waste gases, converting it to CH4 and storing both outside the atmosphere and methane produced by this method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU64480/99A AU780396B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 1999-12-13 | Method for separating CO2 from waste gases, converting it to CH4 and storing both outside the atmosphere and methane produced by this method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU6448099A AU6448099A (en) | 2001-06-14 |
| AU780396B2 true AU780396B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU64480/99A Ceased AU780396B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 1999-12-13 | Method for separating CO2 from waste gases, converting it to CH4 and storing both outside the atmosphere and methane produced by this method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU780396B2 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4022663A (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1977-05-10 | Hochtemperaturreaktor-Brennelement Gmbh | Spherical fuel elements made of graphite for high temperature reactors |
| DE4230644A1 (en) * | 1992-09-12 | 1994-03-17 | Johannes Martin Dipl I Mueller | Recovery of carbon di:oxide from coal power stations - and converting into methane by anaerobic fermentation. |
-
1999
- 1999-12-13 AU AU64480/99A patent/AU780396B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4022663A (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1977-05-10 | Hochtemperaturreaktor-Brennelement Gmbh | Spherical fuel elements made of graphite for high temperature reactors |
| DE4230644A1 (en) * | 1992-09-12 | 1994-03-17 | Johannes Martin Dipl I Mueller | Recovery of carbon di:oxide from coal power stations - and converting into methane by anaerobic fermentation. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6448099A (en) | 2001-06-14 |
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