AU764733B2 - Inverter for injecting sinusoidal currents into an alternating current network - Google Patents
Inverter for injecting sinusoidal currents into an alternating current network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU764733B2 AU764733B2 AU57460/99A AU5746099A AU764733B2 AU 764733 B2 AU764733 B2 AU 764733B2 AU 57460/99 A AU57460/99 A AU 57460/99A AU 5746099 A AU5746099 A AU 5746099A AU 764733 B2 AU764733 B2 AU 764733B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- current
- switch
- load
- sine wave
- series
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/505—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/515—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
Description
The invention concerns an inverter for feeding sinusoidal currents into an ac network or into a public power supply network.
In the case of such inverters power switches are almost exclusively in the configuration of a three-phase bridge, as shown in Figure 1. Such an inverter produces from a dc/voltage source a multi-phase alternating current of the phases U, V and W. By virtue of the anti-parallel connection of the power switches T1 to T6, as shown in Figure 1, with suitable diodes, a four-quadrant mode of operation is possible and thus such an inverter circuit can also be used in highly versatile manner.
A disadvantage with such an inverter circuit is that extremely high energy flows occur in the case of a cross-shortcircuit of two switches, for example T1 and T2, which usually results in total destruction of the inverter and possibly causes a fire to break out and thus culminates in destruction of all connected parts of the installation. A further disadvantage is that, with the increase in the dc voltage, the respective components must be of ever increasing quality, which is only possible when using very expensive components.
The present invention aims to provide an alternative to an inverter of the above type. In its preferred embodiments the present invention variously :,""improves the ability of an inverter to withstand short-circuiting, avoids the above-described disadvantages and avoids as far as possible the need for expensive individual components.
The various aspects of present invention are defined broadly in claims 1 to 3. Advantageous developments are set forth in the appendant claims.
The invention is based on the realisation that only a single circuit or switching unit is to be used for the production of a half-oscillation of a sinusoidal oscillation. Therefore, for producing a positive half-oscillation of a sinusoidal oscillation, a different circuit or switching unit is used, than for producing the negative part of the sinusoidal current. The consequence of this is that the switching units for producing the positive half-oscillation and also the negative half-oscillation of the sinusoidal current are separated from each other and are connected together only by way of the common current tapping, wherein the production of the current in a switching portion cannot involve repercussions in 2 the other switching portion because each switching portion is protected in relation to the other by a switch in the current tapping path.
The division of the sinusoidal output current of the inverter into a positive and a negative half-oscillation affords the possibility of sharing the dc voltage supply to the two switching portions for the negative and positive halfoscillations. Therefore the part of the inverter which produces the positive halfoscillation can be operated with a dc voltage, for example Udl 660 volts and the switching portion of the inverter which produces the negative half-oscillation of the sinusoidal current can also be operated with a dc voltage, for example Ud2 660 volts. As a total dc voltage that then gives double the individual dc voltage, that is to say 1320 volts. That results in double the output power of the inverter overall, when using components which are only designed for a dc voltage of 660 V.
S0.. The output inductances of the individual switching units of the inverter are also acted upon for example during the positive current component only with the partial dc voltage Ud and not with the total dc voltage Udl Ud2. That S-also results in a saving in terms of material and cost. By virtue of the production ttol of a half-oscillation of a sinusoidal oscillation with a single switching unit, the switching units for different half-oscillations can also be arranged remote from each other in spatial terms, which overall improves the safety and security of the inverter and all parts of the switching installation and also considerably simplifies arranging it in terms of the space involved. A particular advantage of the inverter design according to the invention is that the inductance of the output choke and thus the component costs required for that purpose can be halved.
The invention will be described in greater detail hereinafter by means of an embodiment illustrated in the drawing. In the drawing: Figure 1 shows the basic principle of a known inverter, Figure 2 shows the switching portion for the positive half-oscillation of the sinusoidal output current, Figure 3 shows the switching portion for the negative half-oscillation of the sinusoidal output current, 3 Figure 4 shows a time diagram in respect of the sinusoidal output current with the switches T1, S1, T2, 32 shown in Figures 2 and 3, Figure 5 shows a circuit diagram of a three-phase inverter according to the invention, Figure 6 shows a circuit diagram illustrating the basic principle of an interconnection of a plurality of switching portions as shown in Figures 2 and 3 to produce a three-phase alternating current, and Figure 6 shows the circuit diagram of the inverter for a single phase.
Figure 2 shows a circuit diagram of a transverse branch or a switching unit 1 for producing the positive component of the ac or three-phase network current from a dc voltage Ud. The switching unit 1 comprises a power transistor T1 as a first switch, for example an IGBT (isolated gate bipolar transistor) or GTO (gate turn off thyristor) and a diode D1 which is connected in series with S°o the power switch T1 to the dc voltage terminal. The current tapping for the output current is between the power switch T1 and the diode D1. Disposed in the current tapping is a second switch S1 which in turn is connected in series with an output inductor L1. Figure 3 shows in terms of the basic principle involved a circuit diagram of a switching unit for producing the negative part of T, the ac or three-phase network current with the reciprocal structure to the circuit shown in Figure 2.
=•••Figure 4 shows the time diagram of the sinusoidal output current with the switching units 1 and 2 shown in Figures 2 and 3. Also shown therein is the switch-on behaviour in relation to time of the power switches T1 and T2, as well as the switch-on/switch-off behaviour of the switches S1 and S2 disposed in the current tapping. During the positive half-wave of the sinusoidal current (top left in Figure 4) only the power switch T1 is switched on and off in the prescribed cyclic mode while the power switch T2 is switched off in that phase. During production of the positive half-wave of the sinusoidal current the switch S1 in the current tapping is switched on (closed) while at the same time the other switch S2 in the current tapping for the negative half-wave is switched off (opened). A "serrated" sinusoidal current is produced by a cyclic operation in respect of the on and off switching states of the power switch T1 and the influence of the diode D1. During the production of the negative half-wave of the sinusoidal current the conditions are precisely the reverse as for the production of the positive half-wave of the sinusoidal current. In production of the negative half-wave the switch S1 is switched off while the power switch T2 is switched on and off in a prescribed cyclic mode of operation and the switch S2 is always switched on. In the region of the current maximum of a sinusoidal wave the power switches T1 and T2 respectively are switched on for a longer time than in the region of a lower current level, in particular in the region of the zero-passages.
Figures 5 and 6 show the interconnection of a plurality of the switching units shown in Figures 2 and 3, to constitute an inverter in accordance with the invention for producing a three-phase alternating current. The difference between the illustrated circuits is that in Figure 6 the switching portions for producing the negative half-oscillation of the output current are arranged .o separately from the switching portions for the positive half-oscillation of the output current. In this respect a separate arrangement can also signify that the switching portions are in different spaces and are connected only by way of their common current tappings. The switching units for producing the positive o.o• half-wave are connected to the dc voltage terminals +Udl and -Udl. The switching portions for producing the negative half-wave of the sinusoidal current Sgo• o are connected to the dc voltage terminals +Ud2 and -Ud2.
Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram of a known inverter which, by virtue of S S the anti-parallel connection of the power switches with the diode, permits a fourquadrant mode of operation and can thus be used in a highly versatile manner as a switching means, but in the case of a cross-shortcircuit of two switches such as T1 and T2 however involves the very high risk of a hard short-circuit which can result in total destruction of the inverter and can possibly also cause an outbreak of fire resulting in complete destruction of all parts of the installation connected thereto. To produce the positive half-wave of the output current the known inverter provides that the switches T1 and T2 are successively switched on and off. For a half-wave, this means that T1 and T2 are successively switched on and off a plurality of times during the half-wave, which already from a statistical point of view markedly increases the probability of a crossshortcircuit, in comparison with the structure according to the invention as shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 respectively.
Figure 7 shows the interconnection of a switching portion for the positive half-oscillations of the output current with a switching portion for the negative half-oscillations of the output current for one of the three phases.
Hard short-circuits are prevented in principle by virtue of the separate current branches, positive and negative cross-branches see Figures 2-7 in the interconnection of the individual switching units see Figures 5-7. If nonetheless defective switching operations of the power switches in the different switching portions should occur, they are not only mutually decoupled and protected by way of the inductors L1 L1 -L6, but a short-circuit is definitively also made impossible by virtue of the fact that the switches S1 -S6 disposed in the current tapping prevent one branch having repercussions in the ther due to their being switched on and off in opposite relationship. The 15 illustrated inverter design as shown in Figures 2-7 makes it possible to construct inverters involving a very high level of power. The decoupling chokes LI'-L6' between the current tappings of two interconnected switching units can be used *o* at the same time as high-frequency chokes and also as filters for dU/dtreduction. That provides that spurious emission is already drastically reduced directly after the power switches T1 -T6.
The above-described inverter is suitable in particular for wind power converters or another electricity generator producing electrical direct current (for example a solar power installation). In the case of a wind power converter the generator usually produces a direct current or the generator produces an alternating current which however must then be rectified so that it can be converted by means of the above-described inverter into a network current/voltage. To provide an exact sinusoidal shape in respect of the output current it is advantageous if the switching on/off frequency of the power switches Ti (in relation to the positive half-wave) and T2 (in relation to the negative half-wave) respectively in the zero-passage is considerably higher than in the region of the current maxima. In the region of the current maxima the switching on/off frequency of the power switches T1 and T2 respectively is some 100 Hz (for example in the range between 100 and 600 Hz). In the region 6 of the zero passages the switching on/off frequency of the power switches is some kHz (for example between 5 and 18 kHz).
O •e
Claims (10)
- 2. An inverter for feeding sinusoidal currents into an ac network including: a switching unit which produces the negative part of the network current, including: a) a first switch and a diode connected in series between a negative 20 voltage and a common voltage, with a current tapping between the first switch and the diode, the current tapping configured to provide a load current to a load; b) connected to the current tapping is a second switch in series with the load, which remains closed during the production of the negative part of 0 25 the network current for further providing the load current to the load, and d) a decoupling inductor connected in series with the second switch. 0 o.o. 3. A device for supplying a sine wave current, including: a first switching unit, including a first switch and a first diode connected in series between a positive voltage and a common voltage; 8 a first current load line coupled to a first current tap node positioned between the first switch and the first diode, and providing a first electrical current path to a load; and a second switch coupling the first current load line to the first current tap node and remaining closed during production of a positive half-wave of the sine wave current.
- 4. The device of claim 3, further including: a second switching unit, including a third switch and a second diode connected in series between a negative voltage and a common voltage; a second current load line coupled to a second current tap node positioned between the third switch and the second diode, and providing a second electrical current path to a load; and a fourth switch coupling the second current load line to the second current tap node and remaining closed during production of a negative half-wave of the sine wave current.
- 5. The device of claim 4 wherein the device further includes control means for: closing the second switch and opening the fourth switch during a positive portion of the sine wave current; .closing the fourth switch and opening the second switch during a negative portion of the sine wave current; adjusting duty cycles of the first and third switches according to a current draw of the load.
- 6. The device of claim 4, further including a decoupling inductor in the second current load line, connected in series with the fourth switch.
- 7. The device of claim 3, further including a decoupling inductor in the first current load line, connected in series with the second switch.
- 8. A device for supplying a sine wave current, including: a first switch configured to cycle open and closed a plurality of times during production of a positive half wave of the sine wave current; a diode connected in series with the first switch; a current tap node between the diode and the first switch; a load line coupled to the current tap node and configured to carry current from the device to a load; and a second switch in the load line, in a series connection between the current tap node and the load, and configured to remain conductive during production of the positive half wave of the sine wave current, and to remain non-conductive during production of a negative half wave of the sine wave current.
- 9. The device of claim 8, further including an inductor in the current load line in series with the second switch. A device for supplying a sine wave current, including: a first switch configured to cycle on and off a plurality of times during production of a negative half wave of the sine wave current; a diode connected in series with the first switch; S" 20 a current tap node between the diode and the first switch; a load line coupled to the current tap node and configured to carry current from the device to a load; and a second switch in the load line, in a series connection between the current tap node and the load, and configured to remain conductive during production of 25 the negative half wave of the sine wave current, and to remain non-conductive during production of a positive half wave of the sine wave current.
- 11. The device of claim 10, further including an inductor in the current load line in series with the second switch.
- 12. An inverter for feeding sinusoidal currents into an ac network substantially as herein described.
- 13. A device for supplying a sine wave current substantially as herein described. **ee e
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843692A DE19843692C2 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1998-09-24 | Inverter for feeding sinusoidal currents into an AC grid |
DE19843692 | 1998-09-24 | ||
PCT/EP1999/006565 WO2000017995A1 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1999-09-07 | Inverter for injecting sinusoidal currents into an alternating current network |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU5746099A AU5746099A (en) | 2000-04-10 |
AU764733B2 true AU764733B2 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
Family
ID=7882015
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU57460/99A Ceased AU764733B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1999-09-07 | Inverter for injecting sinusoidal currents into an alternating current network |
Country Status (21)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6522561B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1151525B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3408522B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100437938B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100448152C (en) |
AR (1) | AR021492A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE259115T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU764733B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI9913902B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2340123C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19843692C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1151525T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2212619T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1041568B (en) |
MA (1) | MA24981A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA01002942A (en) |
NO (1) | NO321403B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ509848A (en) |
PT (1) | PT1151525E (en) |
TR (1) | TR200100247T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000017995A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7088073B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-08-08 | Toshiba Internationl Corporation | Inverter drive system |
FR2911226B1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2009-02-27 | Sames Technologies Soc Par Act | GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR GENERATING HIGH CONTINUOUS VOLTAGE, DUST USING THE GENERATOR |
DE102008043043A1 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Power output stage for a pulse inverter |
DE102013213986B4 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2016-02-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Three-point converter |
DE102013018716B4 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2020-03-12 | Peter Picciani | Fitness machine or retrofit kit for a fitness machine for professional power generation |
CN105553311B (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2018-04-03 | 沈阳工业大学 | New modular multilevel inverter |
EP3261244A1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Three level inverter circuit |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4555754A (en) * | 1983-05-30 | 1985-11-26 | Compagnie Electro-Mecanique | Equalizer circuit for switches connected in series |
EP0819563A2 (en) * | 1996-07-20 | 1998-01-21 | ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation (Technology) GmbH | Power converter circuit |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1488096C3 (en) * | 1964-04-24 | 1978-10-05 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Inverter circuit |
DE58905048D1 (en) | 1988-12-14 | 1993-09-02 | Asea Brown Boveri | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A THREE-PHASE INVERTER. |
JP2566021B2 (en) | 1989-11-22 | 1996-12-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Operating method of inverter device |
DE4042001C2 (en) * | 1990-12-22 | 1994-01-13 | Licentia Gmbh | Procedure for current tolerance band control of a three-point pulse inverter |
JP3102499B2 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 2000-10-23 | 株式会社東芝 | Neutral point clamp type power converter controller |
DE4114968A1 (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1992-11-05 | Elpro Ag | Current supply for inverter-controlled load - selects precisely valve combination sequence with phase voltage control signal of positive or negative sign |
DE69233450T2 (en) | 1991-09-20 | 2005-12-15 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Semiconductor module |
JPH08294285A (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1996-11-05 | Meidensha Corp | Neutral point clamped inverter |
DE19650994C1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-04 | Daimler Benz Ag | Pulse-width modulation (PWM) of rated voltage waveform for three-level four-quadrant control-servo (4QS) e.g. for railway engineering |
DE19725629A1 (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-02-04 | Aloys Wobben | Inverters for feeding sinusoidal currents into an AC network |
DE19829856A1 (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-01-05 | Abb Research Ltd | Three-point converter and method of operation |
-
1998
- 1998-09-24 DE DE19843692A patent/DE19843692C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-07 KR KR10-2001-7002284A patent/KR100437938B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-07 JP JP2000571551A patent/JP3408522B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-07 WO PCT/EP1999/006565 patent/WO2000017995A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-07 TR TR2001/00247T patent/TR200100247T2/en unknown
- 1999-09-07 DK DK99944615T patent/DK1151525T3/en active
- 1999-09-07 PT PT99944615T patent/PT1151525E/en unknown
- 1999-09-07 NZ NZ509848A patent/NZ509848A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-07 US US09/787,383 patent/US6522561B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-07 CN CNB998113867A patent/CN100448152C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-07 ES ES99944615T patent/ES2212619T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-07 AT AT99944615T patent/ATE259115T1/en active
- 1999-09-07 EP EP99944615A patent/EP1151525B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-07 DE DE59908487T patent/DE59908487D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-07 BR BRPI9913902A patent/BRPI9913902B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-07 AU AU57460/99A patent/AU764733B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-07 MX MXPA01002942A patent/MXPA01002942A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-07 CA CA002340123A patent/CA2340123C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-22 MA MA25779A patent/MA24981A1/en unknown
- 1999-09-24 AR ARP990104825A patent/AR021492A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2001
- 2001-03-23 NO NO20011507A patent/NO321403B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-04-30 HK HK02103259.8A patent/HK1041568B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4555754A (en) * | 1983-05-30 | 1985-11-26 | Compagnie Electro-Mecanique | Equalizer circuit for switches connected in series |
EP0819563A2 (en) * | 1996-07-20 | 1998-01-21 | ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation (Technology) GmbH | Power converter circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO321403B1 (en) | 2006-05-08 |
KR100437938B1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
HK1041568A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 |
PT1151525E (en) | 2004-06-30 |
BRPI9913902B1 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
HK1041568B (en) | 2009-07-31 |
JP3408522B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 |
JP2002526022A (en) | 2002-08-13 |
CA2340123C (en) | 2004-05-11 |
KR20010072877A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
CA2340123A1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
MA24981A1 (en) | 2000-04-01 |
MXPA01002942A (en) | 2002-04-08 |
CN100448152C (en) | 2008-12-31 |
US6522561B1 (en) | 2003-02-18 |
TR200100247T2 (en) | 2001-05-21 |
AU5746099A (en) | 2000-04-10 |
WO2000017995A1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
CN1320296A (en) | 2001-10-31 |
EP1151525B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
NZ509848A (en) | 2004-03-26 |
DE19843692C2 (en) | 2003-04-30 |
NO20011507L (en) | 2001-03-23 |
EP1151525A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
ES2212619T3 (en) | 2004-07-16 |
DK1151525T3 (en) | 2004-06-14 |
WO2000017995A9 (en) | 2000-08-03 |
DE19843692A1 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
ATE259115T1 (en) | 2004-02-15 |
NO20011507D0 (en) | 2001-03-23 |
DE59908487D1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
AR021492A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
BR9913902A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
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