AU728772B2

AU728772B2 - Protection of trees

Info

Publication number: AU728772B2
Application number: AU64420/96A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Juan Bocanegra; Jorge Cepeda
Original assignee: Rhone Poulenc Agro SA
Current assignee: Bayer CropScience SA
Priority date: 1995-09-05
Filing date: 1996-09-03
Publication date: 2001-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2016-09-03
Also published as: MX9603861A; OA10589A; GB2304708A; OA10328A; GB2304708B; AU6441996A; GB2304575B; ZA967479B; AU6442096A; AU725638B2; ZA967477B; FR2738112A1; GB9618548D0; FR2738112B1; CO4480714A1; GB9618525D0; GB2304575A

Description

I- __41

AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION NAME OF APPLICANT(S):

R

A

Rhone-Poulenc Agweroimi. SEC 4o 104 ADDRESS FOR SERVICE: DAVIES COLLISON CAVE Patent Attorneys 1 Little Collins Street, Melbourne, 3000.

SEE AMENDED PATENT REQUEST FILED:

S

INVENTION TITLE: Protection of trees The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- R 0 8 3 a 1 8 0 3 SEP 9 Q:\OPERUMS\I846446-297.d.23/1 0/00 -1- This invention relates to a method of protecting trees of the families Musaceae (banana) and Plantaginaceae (plaintains) from harmful or destructive pests.

Global regulatory requirements are becoming more and more demanding with respect to the use of pesticides particularly with respect to unmanaged or unnecessary pesticide residues.

Thus there exist mutually contradictory requirements of farmers in that the need to control destructive pests very thoroughly demands that more pesticides be used, while increasing pressures from regulatory agencies demand that less pesticides be used. These regulatory demands are aimed to protect the safety and health of agricultural workers and the general public.

It also well known that the general public would like less chemical residues on fruits and vegetables.

A particular consequence of this situation is that there is an increasing need to have more efficient methods of protection of banana trees and plantain trees. It is well known that such fruitproducing trees attract a large number of pests, particularly destructive insects and nematodes.

A common technique for cultivating banana trees or plantain trees is by growing them on large blocks or plantations. The trees are disposed as mother plants having a series (for example 1 to 5, generally 1 to 3) of followers or peeps, that is daughter plants, growing from the corm (that is, the base of the pseudotrunk) of the mother plant. In this respect the mother and daughter plants share a common root system. At an appropriate time before the harvest of the fruit of the i mother plants or trees, all the daughter plants are removed except one per mother plant which are deemed by the grower to have the best chances of survival. Such a practice allows the next generation of banana or plantain plants to be readily produced. The removal of the daughter plants is possible after the harvest of the mother plants, but it is agronomically preferred to remove them beforehand.

The fruits of the banana trees are harvested by cutting off the bunches of fruit.

Afterwards, the mother trees are cut to remove the canopies. The pseudotrunks which are left are generally in a height range from 0.5 meters to 2.5 meters. Such a practice facilitates the growth of the daughter plants. The mother pseudotrunk is then left to decay or is cut down in stages until only a daughter pseudotrunk remains.

Therefore there exists a need to provide an improved method of protection for daughter banana trees and plantain trees from pests which is efficient against destructive pests, especially !nsects and nematodes and whereby the interval from the treatment of said trees by a pesticide to harvest is as long as possible and whereby the worker exposure is at a minimal level. It has now been found that these needs may be met in whole or in part by means of the instant invention.

According to the invention, a pesticide is found to be most advantageously applied onto or into the pseudotrunk of the cut mother tree in order to protect the daughter tree. In another embodiment, after the initial removal of the canopy of the mother tree the daughter plants may be allowed to develop and the mother pseudotrunk gradually reduced in size by subsequent cuts. A pesticide may be applied onto or into the mother pseudotrunk at any point during this time including when the mother pseudotrunk has been effectively removed. However, it is most advantageous to apply the pesticide early in the development of the daughter plant in order to maximise the treatment-harvest time interval.

The instant invention is related to a method for the protection of two or more trees of the families Musaceae or Plantaginaceae from destructive pests wherein the trees to be protected share a common root system which method comprises: cutting one of the trees sharing the said root system to remove its fruit and then introducing a pesticide into the said cut tree, the pesticide being generally translocatable.

The pesticide may be introduced into any portion of the said cut tree. According to a feature of the invention, the pesticide is introduced into the cut of the tree. According to another feature of the invention, the tree is cut to remove its canopy after the removal of its fruit and 20 before introducing pesticide. The pesticide is, in a preferred feature of the invention, then introduced into the cut of the tree formed by the removal of the canopy.

The pesticide is generally an insecticide, nematicide, fungicide or plant growth regulator, S preferably an insecticide or nematicide. The pesticide is S preferably water soluble at ambient temperature, the water solubility being generally higher than 5..,25 0.5 g/l, preferably higher than 2 g/1 at ambient temperature. The pesticide can be provided in a formulation that is generally translocatable and more preferably water soluble at ambient temperature.

Those species of banana or plantain trees to be preferably protected according to the present invention are Musa textilis, Musa sapientum, or Musa paradisica.

The pesticide is generally introduced into the tree from zero to about thirty days after one of the trees is cut, preferably from about one to about seven days and even more preferably from about two to about three days.

-3- A preferred group of insecticides or nematicides according to the invention are carbamates. Carbamates are a well-known group of pesticides: those skilled in the art will recognise these in The Pesticide Manual 10th ed., edited by C. Tomlin, British Crop Protection Council, United Kingdom, 1994. A preferred group of carbamates are N-methyl carbamnates, that is those substances that possess the substituent -OC(0)NHMe. A particularly preferred carbamate that can be used according the instant invention is 2-methyl-2- (methylthio)propionaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime (aldicarb). Other carbamates that can be used according to the invention are 2 ,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate (carbofuran) and N,N-dimethyl-2-methylcarbamoyloxyimino- 2 -(methylthio)acetamide (oxamyl).

A carbamate can be used alone or in combination with other pesticides.

Other insecticides or nematicides that can be used according to the instant invention either alone or in combination with other pesticides include: nitromethylenes or nitroimines including 1-( 6 -chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-Nnitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine (imidacloprid); cyanoimines including (E)-N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N2-cyaO-Nmethylacetamidine (acetamiprid);and organophosphates including S,S-di-sec-butyl O-ethyl phosphorodithioate (cadusafos); sec-butyl O-ethyl 2-oxo-1, 3 -thiazolidin-3-ylphosphonothioate (fosthiazate); and O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate (ethoprophos).

S2Other insecticides or nematacides that can be used according to the instant invention either alone or in combination with other pesticides include compounds of formula

R

4

X

RrN- Rn

(I)

in which: R1 is -CN or methyl; R2 is -S(0)nR3; R3 is alkyl or haloalkyl; -4- R4 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a member of a group consisting of -NR5R6, -S(O)mR7, -C(0)O-R7, alkyl, haloalkyl, -OR8 and -N=C(R9)(R10); and R6 independently represent the hydrogen atom or an alkyl, haloalkyl, -C(O)alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or -S(O)rCF3 radical; or R5 and R6 can together form a divalent alkylene radical which can be interrupted by one or two divalent heteroatoms, such as oxygen or sulfur; R7 represents an alkyl or haloalkyl radical; R8 represents an alkyl or haloalkyl radical or a hydrogen atom; R9 represents an alkyl radical or hydrogen atom; represents a phenyl or heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or a member of the group consisting of -OH, -O-alkyl, -S-alkyl, cyano, and alkyl; X represents a trivalent nitrogen atom or a -C-R12 radical, the other three valences of the carbon atom forming part of the aromatic ring; R1 1 and R12 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen or halogen atom; R13 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, -S(O)qCF3 or SF5 group; m, n, q, and r represent, independently of one another, an integer equal to 0, 1, or 2; provided that, when R1 is methyl, then R3 is haloalkyl, R4 is -NH2, R11 is -Cl, R13 is CF3 and Xis N.

By the term "alkyl" is meant carbon chains of from one to six carbon atom that are either linear or branched chains. By the term "divalent alkylene" is meant a carbon chain that attaches at two points to the nitrogen atom of the radical R 4 S A preferred group of compounds of formula is one in which: R1 is CN; R3 is a haloalkyl radical; R4 is NH2; X is C-R12; R11 and R12 represent, independently of one another, a halogen atom;and R13 is a haloalkyl radical.

A most highly preferred compound of formula is 5-amino-l-(2,6-dichloro 4trifluoromethyl phenyl) 4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-3-cyanopyrazole.

Compounds of formula may be prepared according to known processes, for example as described in International Patent Publications No. WO 87/3781, 93/6089, and 94/21606 as well as in European Patent Applications 295117, 403300, 385809 or 679650, German Patent Publication 19511269 and United States Patents 5232940 and 5236938 or other process according to the knowledge of a man skilled in the art of chemical synthesis.

Pests that may be controlled according to the instant invention include Cosmopolites sordidus (banana weevil), Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode), Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Spiral nematode), Meloidogyne incognita (Rootknot nematode) and pests of the families Heteroderidae and Thripidae.

Fungicides that may be used according to the instant invention include: methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (benomyl); triazoles including 2 2 4 -dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (propiconazole);and 1-[(2RS,4RS: 2

RS,

4

SR)-

4 -bromo-2-(2,4dichlorophenyl)tetrahydrofurfuryl]-1H-1,2,4triazole (bromuconazole).

Plant growth regulators that may be used according to the instant invention include: a gibberellin such as gibberellic acid or 2 -chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).

The amount of pesticide which is used is an effective and agronomically acceptable amount per tree. In the case of 2 -methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde 0methylcarbamoyloxime, quantities of from 0.01 to 5g per tree may be appropriate, preferably 20 from 0.3 to 0.9g per tree.

The introduction of the pesticide in the pseudotrunk of the tree is made by insertion of a composition, which can be of liquid or solid formulation, preferably solid, in order to reduce worker exposure, especially with compounds having relatively high acute toxicity. A solid formulation is preferred for 2 -methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime.

Formulations are chosen so as to speed the transmission of the active ingredient into an aqueous phase such as the vascular tissue normally present in plants or trees. Formulations are also chosen in order to minimise the exposure of agricultural workers to the pesticide.

Still more preferable are those substantially dustless formulations, for example those whose particle size is greater than 0.1 mm, preferably from 0.4 to 0.8 mm. Acceptable formulations may be made by mixing the active ingredient with a polymer, especially a water soluble polymer. Gels may also be used.

The introduction of the pesticide into the pseudotrunk of the mother tree may be made by any suitable means. One possibility is the injection of the pesticide into the pseudotrunk. Another possibility is to make or drill holes in the tree and to put therein the formulation and then to plug or stop the holes. The holes may be made on the lateral part of the pseudotrunk, but it is preferred to make the insertion where the pseudotrunk was cut to remove the canopy.

Another method of introduction of the pesticide is to cut a wedge out of the pseudotrunk, add the pesticidal formulation and replace the wedge back into the space from which it came. An especially preferred embodiment of this insertion is to cut the wedge out from the .surface of the cut made by removing ihe canopy.

Another embodiment is the insertion into the pseudotrunk of a water-soluble capsule containing a dose of the desired pesticide.

Fruit may be harvested from treated trees, as illustrated in the following Example. The invention accordingly provides a method for the protection of trees by the method of the invention as hereinbefore described followed by the step of harvesting fruit from a protected tree. The fruit thus obtained, preferably banana, also constitutes a feature of the invention.

The following Example is given to illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE

Banana trees are grown in a plantation. The trees are disposed as mother plants having a series (1 to 5) of daughter plants growing from the corm. Just before harvesting the mother o plants, the daughter plants are removed except one daughter plant per mother plant The fruit of the banana trees are harvested by cutting the sets of fruits. Within one week 0* after this harvest, the pseudotrunks of these plants are cut to remove the canopies. After two days a wedge is cut from the surface resulting from the removal of the canopy of each S pseudotrunk of each mother tree. A dose of 0.5 g per tree of 2-methyl-2- (methylthio)propionaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime in the form of a 15 w/w granular formulation is placed in the empty concave space from which each wedge was removed and the wedges are replaced.

The daughter plants are protected against both nematodes and weevils up to harvest time of the daughter trees which is 35 weeks later thus to provide economically acceptable fruit The risk of worker exposure is greatly reduced.

Q:\OPERJMS\l46446-297.d-2 3f1O/O -6A- Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia.

**go

Claims

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the cut tree is cut to remove its canopy after the removal of its fruit and before introducing the pesticide.
3. A method aecording to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the pesticide is introduced into the cut of the tree.
4. A method according to anyone of the foregoing claims wherein the pesticide is introduced into the cut of the tree formed by the removal of the canopy. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the pesticide is introduced into the lateral portion of the tree. 15 6. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the pesticide is introduced from zero to about thirty days after the tree is cut.
7. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the pesticide is an insecticide or nematicide.
8. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the pesticide is ovided in a formulation which is water soluble at ambient temperature. o
9. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the trees are either Musa textilis, Musa sapientum, or Musa paradisica. 2 5 10. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the insecticide or nematicide is a carbamate.
11. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the insecticide or nematicide is an N-methylcarbamate.
12. A method according to claim 10 or 11 wherein the insecticide or nematicide is 2-methyl-2- (methylthio)propionaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime or 2 3 -dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7- yl methylcarbamate. -8
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the amount of 2-methyl-2- (rnerhylthio)propionaldehyde O-inethyLcarbamoyloxine used per tree is from O.Olg to 5g per tree.
14. A method according to claim 12 wherein the amount of 2- methyl-2-(methylthio)proponaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime used per tree is from 0.3g to 0. 9 g per tree. is.: A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9. wherein the insecticide or nenaticide is: (E-'[6clr--yiy~ehllN2-yn-lmtyaeandn (aeetamiprid); N,-iehl2mtycraolxymn--mtyti~ctmd (oxamyl); SS-di-sec-butyl 0-ethyl phosphorodithjoate (cadusafos); sec-butyl 0-ethyl 2 -oxo-l, 3 -th zolidin-3-ylphosphonothioate (fosthiazate);or 0-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate, (ethoprophos). .16. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 'wherein the pesticide is a compound of formula: R 4 1'N R2 isS(I)3 R3 is alkyl or haloalkyl; R4 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a member of a group consisting Of NR5R6, S(0)mR7, C(0)O-R 7 alkyl, haloalkyl, 0R8 and -N=-C(R9)(RI 0 and R6 independently represent the hydrogen atom or an allcyl, haloalkyl, C(0)alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or S(0)rCF3 radical; or R5 and R6 can together form a divalent alkylene radical which can be interrupted by one or two divalent. heteroatoms; R7 represents an alkyl or haloalkcyl radical; K) R8 represents an ailkyl or haloalkyl radical or a hydrogen atom; -9- R9 represents an alkyl radical or hydrogen atom; RIO represents a phenyl or heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or a member of the group consisting of OH, -O-alkyl, -S-alkyl, cyano, and alkyl; X represents a trivalent nitrogen atom or a C-R12 radical, the other three valences of the carbon atom forming part of the aromatic ring; R11 and R12 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen or halogen atom; R13 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, S(O)qCF3 or SF5 group; m, n, q, and r represent, independently of one another, an integer equal to 0, 1, or 2; provided that, when Ri is methyl, then R3 is haloalkyl, R4 is NH2, R 11 is Cl, R13 is CF3 and X is N.
17. A method according to claim 6 wherein the heteroatoms in the definition of R 5 and R1 are oxygen or sulphur.
18. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, 16 and 17 wherein the compound of formula is 5-amino-3-cyano- 1-( 2 ,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)- 4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole.
19. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the pesticide used is in a solid or liquid formulation.
20. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims wherein the pesticide used is in a solid formulation.
21. A method according to claim 19 or 20 wherein the formulation is substantially dustless.
22. A method according to claim 19, 20 or 21 wherein the formulation has a particle size greater than 0.1 mm.
23. A method according to claim 19, 20 or 21 wherein the formulation has a particle size from 0.4 to 0.8 mm.
24. A method according to any one of the foregoing claims followed by the step *i of harvesting fruit from a protected tree.
25. Fruit obtained by a method according to claim 24.
26. Fruit according to claim 25 which is banana.
27. A method according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example.
28. A method according to claim 24, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example.
29. Fruit according to claim 25, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example. Dated this 2 nd day of November 2000 Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie C By its Patent Attorneys Davies Collison Cave