AU703015B2 - Greetings or the like card - Google Patents
Greetings or the like card Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU703015B2 AU703015B2 AU68804/96A AU6880496A AU703015B2 AU 703015 B2 AU703015 B2 AU 703015B2 AU 68804/96 A AU68804/96 A AU 68804/96A AU 6880496 A AU6880496 A AU 6880496A AU 703015 B2 AU703015 B2 AU 703015B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- greetings
- card
- transducer
- leaf
- panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
- H04R1/028—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein associated with devices performing functions other than acoustics, e.g. electric candles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
- B42D15/02—Postcards; Greeting, menu, business or like cards; Letter cards or letter-sheets
- B42D15/022—Postcards; Greeting, menu, business or like cards; Letter cards or letter-sheets combined with permanently fastened sound-producing or light-emitting means or carrying sound records
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
Abstract
A greetings or the like card (144), characterised by a board (2) forming at least part of the card and in that the board is a distributed mode acoustic radiator having a transducer (9) mounted wholly and exclusively on the radiator to vibrate the radiator to cause it to resonate.
Description
WO 97/09841 PCT/GB96/02144 1 TITLE: GREETINGS OR THE LIKE CARD
DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to greetings or the like cards.
BACKGROUND ART It is known from GB-A-2262861 to suggest a panel-form loudspeaker comprising:a resonant multi-mode radiator element being a unitary sandwich panel formed of two skins of material with a spacing core of transverse cellular construction, wherein the panel is such as to have ratio of bending stiffness in all orientations, to the cube power of panel mass per unit surface area of at least a mounting means which supports the panel or attaches to it a supporting body, in a free undamped manner; and an electro-mechanical drive means coupled to the 2 panel which serves to excite a multi-modal resonance in the radiator panel in response to an electrical input within a working frequency band for the loudspeaker.
DE-A-3,239,597 of MARCO POLO discloses a greetings card comprising a tone generator.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our copending PCT publication No. W097/09842 of even date herewith. Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity. Uses are envisaged in co-pending International publication No.
W097.09842 of even date herewith for such members as or in "passive" acoustic devices without transducer means, such as for reverberation or for acoustic filtering or for acoustically "voicing" a space or room; and as or in LW~ AMENDED THEEJ UvE "active" acoustic devices with transducer means, such as in a remarkably wide range of sources of sound or loudspeakers when supplied with input signals to be converted to said sound, or in such as microphones when exposed to sound to be converted into other signals.
This invention is particularly concerned with greetings and the like cards incorporating acoustic devices e.g. in the form of loudspeakers. The term 'greetings card' is intended to encompass' analogous cards such, for example as advent calendars and the like.
Members are above are herein called distributed mode radiators and are intended to be characterised as in the above PCT application and/or otherwise as specifically provided herein.
The invention is a greetings or the like card having at least one leaf, characterised by a loudspeaker comprising a board forming a leaf of the card and in that the board is a member having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means and having a transducer mounted wholly and exclusively on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating. The member may have a 7> AMENDED SHEET 3a cellular core sandwiched between skin layers. The member may comprise a core of foamed plastics sandwiched between sheets of craft board. The transducer may be a 'piezoelectric bender. The bender may be crystalline. The card may comprise a pair of leaves, and means associated with the leaves for triggering actuation of the transducer on movement of one leaf relative to the other leaf. The card may comprise a signal generator, an amplifier and an electric battery on a leaf of the *card to drive the transducer. The member may be adapted to receive printed matter.
SAMENDED SHEET BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS The invention is diagrammatically illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a diagram showing a distributed-mode loudspeaker as described and claimed in our co-pending International publication No. W097/09842; Figure 2a is a partial section on the line A-A of Figure 1; Figure 2b is an enlarged cross-section through a distributed mode radiator of the kind shown in Figure 2a and showing two alternative constructions; Figure 3 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of greetings card according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a perspective view of a transducer.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, there is shown a panel-form loudspeaker (81) of the kind described and claimed in our co-pending International publication No.
W097/09842 of even date herewith comprising a rectangular frame carrying a resilient suspension round its inner periphery which supports a distributed mode sound radiating panel A transducer as described in Figure 4, is mounted wholly and exclusively on or in the panel at a predetermined location defined by dimensions x and y, the position of which,location is calculated as i 12 c described in our co-pending International publication No.
W097/09842 of even date herewith, to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to radiate an acoustic output. The transducer is driven by a signal amplifier e.g. an audio amplifier, connected to the transducer by conductors (28).
Figures 2a and 2b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1. Figure 2a shows that the frame surround and panel are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g.
aluminium alloy or plastics. Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics. Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
Figure 2b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet. Where the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus 3 JV t i l l WO 97/09841 PCT/GB96/02144 6 include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e.
aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM), Kaptan (RTM), polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil. Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter.
This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density. Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers. A high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising WO 97/09841 PCT/GB96/02144 7 contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
The suspension may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel.
Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel. The patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof.
Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at WO 97/09841 PCT/GB96/02144 8 predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
An acoustic panel as described above is bidirectional. The sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front.
Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
While the radiation from the acoustic panel is largely non-directional, the percentage of phase related information increases off axis. For improved focus for the phantom stereo image, placement of the speakers, like pictures, at the usual standing person height, confers the benefit of a moderate off-axis placement for the normally seated listener optimising the stereo effect. Likewise the triangular left/right geometry with respect to the listener provides a further angular component. Good stereo is thus obtainable.
There is a further advantage for a group of listeners compared with conventional speaker reproduction. The intrinsically dispersed nature of acoustic panel sound radiation gives it a sound volume which does not obey the inverse square law for distance for an equivalent point source. Because the intensity fall off with distance is much less than predicted by inverse square law then WO 97/09841 PCT/GB96/02144 9 consequently for off-centre and poorly placed listeners the intensity field for the panel speaker promotes a superior stereo effect compared to conventional speakers. This is because the off-centre placedlistener does not suffer the doubled problem due to proximity to the nearer speaker; firstly the excessive increase in loudness from the nearer speaker, and then the corresponding decrease in loudness from the further loudspeaker.
There is also the advantage of a flat, lightweight panel-form speaker, visually attractive, of good sound quality and requiring only one transducer and no crossover for a full range sound from each panel diaphragm.
Figure 3 illustrates a greetings or the like card (144) incorporating loudspeaker technology of Figures 1 and 2. The card is in the form of a folded member having a front leaf (145) and a rear leaf (146). At least the rear leaf (146) is made from a composite board consisting of a core (22) of foam plastics sandwiched by skins of craft board (21) to form a rigid lightweight distributed mode acoustic radiator panel of the kind described in Figures 1 and 2. Such composite boards are known under the trade name KAPPABOARD. It has been found that a panel shaped according to the European standard series is suitable.
A transducer as shown in Figure 4 is attached to the rear leaf (146) to vibrate the panel to cause it to resonate to produce an acoustic output. The transducer (9) is driven by a signal generator/amplifier/ battery unit WO 97/09841 PCT/GB96/02144 (112) which is actuated by a switch (53) concealed in the fold of the card so as to activate the signal generator when the card is opened.
It will be noted that in this arrangement, no frame or surround is required. Sufficient damping of the card is provided either by the material from which the card is constructed and/or by holding the card or standing it on a surface.
Figure 4 shows a transducer for a distributed mode panel in the form of a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) mounted on a disc (118), e.g. of brass, which is bonded to a face of the panel e.g. by an adhesive bond In operation an acoustic signal applied to the transducer via leads (28) will cause the piezo disc (27) to bend and thus locally resiliently deform the panel to launch bending waves into the panel.
Claims (5)
1. A greetings or the like card (144) having at least one leaf (145,146), characterised by a loudspeaker comprising a board forming a leaf of the card and in that the board is a member having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means and having a transducer (9) mounted wholly and exclusively on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating.
2. A greetings or the like card according to claim 1, characterised in that the member has a cellular core (22) sandwiched between skin layers (21)
3. A greetings or the like card according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the member comprises a core (22) of foamed plastics (97) sandwiched between sheets of craft board (21).
4. A greetings or the like card according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the transducer is a piezo-electric bender. A greetings or the like card according to claim 4, characterised in that the bender is crystalline. A greetings or the like card according to any
12- o o 0 0 .0.0 000.. preceding claim, characterised by a pair of leaves (145,146), and by means (53) associated with the leaves for triggering actuation of the transducer on movement of one leaf relative to the other leaf. 7. A greetings or the like card according to claim 6, characterised by a signal generator, an amplifier and an electric battery (112) on a leaf of the card to drive the transducer. 8. A greetings or the like card, according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the member is adapted to receive printed matter. 9. A greetings or the like card substantially as herein described and as shown in any one of the embodiments of the accompanying drawings. DATED this Seventeenth Day of February 1998 New Transducers Limited Patent Attorneys for the Applicant SPRUSON FERGUSON .[N:\1bk]00775:BFD 14 7
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9517918 | 1995-09-02 | ||
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1995-09-02 | Acoustic device |
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Acoustic device |
GB9522281 | 1995-10-31 | ||
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) | 1996-03-30 | 1996-03-30 | Acoustic device |
GB9606836 | 1996-03-30 | ||
PCT/GB1996/002144 WO1997009841A2 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Greetings or the like card |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU6880496A AU6880496A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
AU703015B2 true AU703015B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
Family
ID=34865236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU68804/96A Ceased AU703015B2 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Greetings or the like card |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0847660B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11512248A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1195460A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE177575T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU703015B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9610502A (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ58498A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69601724T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0847660T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA000859B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2130847T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1008596A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP9900177A3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL123485A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ316546A (en) |
PL (1) | PL182468B1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO119043B1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK26598A3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR199800360T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997009841A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CZ20004748A3 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2001-12-12 | Slab Technology Limited | Loud speakers |
AU2001244887A1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-17 | Slab Dsp Limited | Noise suppression loudspeaker |
US8284955B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2012-10-09 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11431312B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2022-08-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10848118B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10158337B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
GB0510484D0 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2005-06-29 | New Transducers Ltd | Acoustic device |
US10069471B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2018-09-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10848867B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11202161B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2021-12-14 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US10701505B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US9264004B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2016-02-16 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing |
US9883318B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2018-01-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for stereo field enhancement in two-channel audio systems |
US9906858B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9615813B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US10820883B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-11-03 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body |
US10639000B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-05-05 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US9564146B2 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-02-07 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment |
US9638672B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2017-05-02 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body |
JP2018537910A (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2018-12-20 | ボンジョビ アコースティックス リミテッド ライアビリティー カンパニー | Surface acoustic transducer |
US9621994B1 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
KR20200143707A (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2020-12-24 | 본지오비 어커스틱스 엘엘씨 | Audio enhancement hearing protection system |
US10959035B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-03-23 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
DE102020112725A1 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-11 | Technische Universität Dresden | FLEXIBLE DISPLAY DEVICE, METHOD FOR STABILIZING AT LEAST ONE GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATION OF A FLEXIBLE DISPLAY DEVICE, ROLLABLE PROJECTION SCREEN, AND METHOD FOR STABILIZING A ROLLED CONFIGURATION OF A ROLLED PROJECTION WALL |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3239597A1 (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1984-04-26 | Marco Polo Industries & Merchandising Co., Ltd., Kowloon | Sound-emitting postcard |
GB2244454A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-12-04 | Orex Ltd | Greetings card with voice recorder/reproducer |
GB2262861A (en) * | 1990-08-04 | 1993-06-30 | Secr Defence | Panel-form loudspeaker |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3247925A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1966-04-26 | Lord Corp | Loudspeaker |
JPS5748153Y2 (en) * | 1977-11-26 | 1982-10-22 | ||
GR73177B (en) * | 1980-02-01 | 1984-02-14 | Swarztrauber Sayre | |
GB2137560A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-10 | David Chung | Musical greetings card |
-
1996
- 1996-09-02 DE DE69601724T patent/DE69601724T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 EP EP96929389A patent/EP0847660B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 CN CN96196704A patent/CN1195460A/en active Pending
- 1996-09-02 RO RO98-00637A patent/RO119043B1/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 JP JP9510947A patent/JPH11512248A/en active Pending
- 1996-09-02 IL IL12348596A patent/IL123485A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 WO PCT/GB1996/002144 patent/WO1997009841A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-02 ES ES96929389T patent/ES2130847T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 BR BR9610502-0A patent/BR9610502A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-02 AU AU68804/96A patent/AU703015B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-02 CZ CZ98584A patent/CZ58498A3/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 DK DK96929389T patent/DK0847660T3/en active
- 1996-09-02 HU HU9900177A patent/HUP9900177A3/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 TR TR1998/00360T patent/TR199800360T1/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 SK SK265-98A patent/SK26598A3/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 PL PL96325273A patent/PL182468B1/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 AT AT96929389T patent/ATE177575T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 NZ NZ316546A patent/NZ316546A/en unknown
- 1996-09-02 EA EA199800258A patent/EA000859B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-07-28 HK HK98109450A patent/HK1008596A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3239597A1 (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1984-04-26 | Marco Polo Industries & Merchandising Co., Ltd., Kowloon | Sound-emitting postcard |
GB2244454A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-12-04 | Orex Ltd | Greetings card with voice recorder/reproducer |
GB2262861A (en) * | 1990-08-04 | 1993-06-30 | Secr Defence | Panel-form loudspeaker |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2130847T3 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
HK1008596A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
WO1997009841A3 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
WO1997009841A2 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
IL123485A (en) | 2001-01-11 |
BR9610502A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
PL182468B1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
HUP9900177A2 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
TR199800360T1 (en) | 1998-05-21 |
CN1195460A (en) | 1998-10-07 |
NZ316546A (en) | 1998-05-27 |
EA199800258A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
EP0847660B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
AU6880496A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
DE69601724D1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
EP0847660A2 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
DE69601724T2 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
DK0847660T3 (en) | 1999-09-27 |
RO119043B1 (en) | 2004-02-27 |
SK26598A3 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
PL325273A1 (en) | 1998-07-20 |
CZ58498A3 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
EA000859B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 |
JPH11512248A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
ATE177575T1 (en) | 1999-03-15 |
IL123485A0 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
HUP9900177A3 (en) | 2001-08-28 |
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