AU701085B2

AU701085B2 - High-activity calcium oxide, powder produced therefrom, process for producing the powder, and powdery preparation

Info

Publication number: AU701085B2
Application number: AU61148/94A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Masashi Shirane
Original assignee: Eisai Co Ltd; G&G Co Ltd
Current assignee: Eisai Co Ltd; G&G Co Ltd
Priority date: 1993-02-24
Filing date: 1994-02-23
Publication date: 1999-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 2014-02-23
Also published as: KR960700961A; NZ261904A; AU6114894A; WO1994019282A1

Description

OPI

AOJ F DATE 14/09/94 APPLN. ID 61148/94 DATE 17/11/94 PCT NUMBER PCT/JP94/00278 AU9461 148 (51 ri' z COIF 11/04, A61K A3108, A23K 1M~4, CIOM 17710 (43) n ir WO 94/19282 .1-i f~c1j-9 *K-T 5, 9 4 68 POT/JP94/00278 1994tF2A23E1(23. 02. 94) 1PO'2,924B9(24. 02. 93) (71) [HMA (EISAI CO.,LTD. )CJP/JP) 9:112-88 ~IIT61 Tokyo, (JP) *k i't (0 G C0., LTD. )(JP/JP) 'F690 ~W17~t~ Shimane,(UP) (72) 5%,9 WREt(SH1RANE, Masashi) 9:690 T01kShimane,(UP) (74) {M9A 032± n*I1bK(SUZUK1, Shoji) 9:F160 9t91_k MM eit Tokyo ,(UP) AU, OA, KR, NZ, fffl'J T( AT, BE, OH-, DE, DK, ES, FR, 01B, OR, I E, IT, LU, MO, NL, PT, SE J 1 (54) Title: HIGH-ACTIVITY CALCIUM OXIDE, POWDER PRODUCED THEREFROM, PROCES S FOR PRO- DUCING THE POWDER, AND POWDERY PREPARATION (54) R"JQtf, it- u~s~z (57) Abstract I High-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggsh~lis at 9 00-1,500 0 C. A powdery preparation comprising Ihigh-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900-1,500 C. A discharged animal blood powder produged Iby reacting discharged animal blood with high-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900-1,500 C, Iand a process for producing the powder. A discharged animal blood powder produced by reacting discharged animal Iblood with high-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900-1,500 0 C and an organic acid or a salt thereof, and a process for producing the powder. A fat or oil powderyroduced by reacting a liquid fat or oil with high-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900-1,500 C and water or wood vinegar, and a process for producing the powder.

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SPECIFICATION

TITLE OF THE INVENTION High-Activity Calcium Oxide, Powder Produced Therefrom, Process for Producing the Powder, and Powdery Preparation Technical Field The present invention relates to a high-activity calcium oxide that may be obtained by processing egg shells or the like at the specific high baking temperature range. Also, the present invention relates to a powdering agent comprising such high-activity calcium oxide.

The present invention also relates to a powdery blood product that contains the blood that may be collected in large quantities from animals killed or butchered for food in the slaughter house and is processed in such a manner that the product can retain the major part of the useful components such as nutrients originally contained in the raw blood without affecting or altering the quality of the useful components using the before mentioned highactivity calcium oxide. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such powdery blood products.

The present invention further relates to a powdery oil product which is produced from any liquid oils such as animal oils, vegetable oils and mineral oils using the before mentioned high-activity calcium oxide. The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such powdery oil product.

Background Art It is known to the art that a calcium oxide may be obtained by processing shells such as V. seashells at the particular high baking temperatures. Usually, the calcium oxide may be o obtained by baking those shells at 900 'C to 1000*C. For the calcium oxide obtained in the conventional manner by baking the shells at the high temperatures, it is reported that its activity may potentially be improved, but rhc the activity could be improved has not been determined yet.

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It is also known that by adding water to unslaked lime (calcium oxide), it turns into slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). If more water is added, the unslaked lime is formed like a sludge, and if less water is added, it is formed into gross powders having irregular sizes. Fine powders of uniform sizes cannot be obtained.

There are various conventional processing methods that have been proposed for processing the blood from the animals killed or butchered in the slaughter facilities. Some of those processing methods are specifically intended for processing the blood into a powdery form, and use the adsorption dehydration process or vacuum dehydration process. Any of those conventional animal blood processing methods requires the use of the large-scale, complicated equipment for processing the blood into a powdery form, and those methods are not economical from the aspects of calorie, cost, labor and time consumption. If any olood from the killed animals is left unprocessed for any extended period of time, t will corrupt and alter, producing a disagreeable odor. Those corrupted or altered bloods are often thrown into rivers or the like for disposal, causing the environmental pollution. It is known that the raw blood that has been collected from any killed animal contains a variety of useful or nutritious substances. In addition to the problems described above, the conventional methods have another problem in this regard. According to those conventional methods, those useful components are destroyed during the process, and cannot be made any effective use.

There is also a conventional method of producing a powdery oil product from any S particular liquid oil. According to the conventional method, liquid oil is added to a particular powdery substance and is allowed to be absorbed by the powdery substance. The product thus obtained contains the oil component formed into powders. The powdery oil product that has thus been obtained simply by allowing the liquid oil to be absorbed by the powdery substance retains its own property (oiliness) which makes the oil powder particles sticky, Because of its sticky nature, the oil powder particles may easily be conglomerated, or formed into gross solids, when they are packed into a package. This may cause a problem in handling, such as when using or weighing the powders. For example, consider that more than by weight of a particular liquid oil is added to a powdery calcium oxide and is allowed to be absorbed by the powdery calcium oxide. Then, the oil poweder particles that result from the above process remains so sticky that they may easily be formed into gross solids when they are packaged. When any liquid oil is only added to the powdery calcium oxide, they can 'inAiot react chemically to each other. Rather, the liquid oil is simply absorbed by the powdery calcium oxide. As such, the resulting powdery oil product can contain powder particles that retain the oily property that disadvantageously makes them sticky. In most cases, it is difficult to provide the uniform mixture of the liquid oil and any particular powdery substance.

Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understoo( to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

Disclosure of Invention In one aspect, the present invention provides a high-activity calcium oxide that may be obtained by baking eggshells at the particular temperature range of between NOT 0 and 1500TC.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a high-activity calcium oxide that may be obtained by baking eggshells at the particul~ar temperature range of between 1200TC and 1300TC.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a powdering agjent when used to convert animal blood into a powder, comprising a highactivity calcium oxide, wherein said high-activity calcium oxide is obtained 20 by baking eggshells at the temperature range of NOT~ and '1500 0

C.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a powdering agent when used to convert animal blood into a powder, comprising a highactivity calcium oxide, wherein said high-activity calcium oxide is obtained by baking eggshells at the temperature range of 1200 0 C and 1300 0

C.

In each described case, the high-activity calcium oxide according to the present invention and powdering agent comprising said high-activity calcium oxide according to the present invention differ from the calcium oxide according to the prior art. When the high-activity calcium oxide or powdering agent comprising said high-activity calciunn oxide according to 30 the present invention are nmixed with any moisture-containing substance in an almost equal mixture ratio by weight, they react quickly, and are converted into a fine powder without losing any resolvable components inl the moisture-containing substance and without affecting or altering the properties of those resolvable components.

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In the preceding description, it is noted that the moisture-containing substance may be any substance that contains an aqueous solution or water.

Other substances that do not contain water, for example oils, also can be converted into powders if they are mixed with water, followed by the addition of the high-activity calcium oxide. The ilrmn "moisture-containing substances" referred to herein should be understood to include an aqueous mixture of such other substances that do not contain water.

At any baking temperature below 900 0 C, the produced calcium oxide provides a low activity. Thus, when it is mnixed with the moisture-containing substance, the latter easily forms a sludge, which prevents the calcium oxide from being converted into a fine powder.

At any baking temperature above 900 0 C, a high-activity calcium oxide is produced, such that when it is mixed with a moisture-containing substance in almost equal ratio by weight, it reacts quickly, and forms a fine powder without losing any resolvable components in the moisture-containing substance and without affecting or altering the properties of those resolvable components.

At any baking temperature below 1000 0 C, the high activity calcium oxide produced reacts relatively slowly when it is mixed with the moisturecontaining substance.

At any baking temperate above 1000'C, the resulting high-activity calcium oxide reacts relatively quickly when it is mixed with a moisturecontaining substance when compared with the reaction rate which may be obtained by the high-activity calcium oxide produced at any baking temperature below *1000 0 C. The reaction rate at which the moisturecontaining substance is converted into a fine powder by reaction with the high-activity calcium oxide increases incrementally according to the ascent of the baking temperature from 1000 0

C.

O At a baking temperature of 1500 0 C, the produced high-activity calcium 30 oxide provides a reaction rate which is the same as that provided by the high- 0 00:activity calcium oxide obtained with from a baking temperature of 1300*C. It may be understood from the above, that the preferred baking temperature range should be between 900'C and 1500"C, and the high-activity calcium oxide can then be obtained at any temperature within this temperature range.

It should be noted that since the reaction rate which is obtained by the high-activity calcium oxide produced at the baking temperature of 1500 0 C, is substantially the same as that obtained by the high-activity calcium oxide produced at the baking temperature of 1300°C, the upper temperature limit may preferably be set to 1300 0 C for better efficiency and cost effectiveness.

Raising the baking temperature from 900°C produces a high-activity calcium oxide that reacts at a corresponding higher rate.

The experiments conducted by the inventor demonstrate that the lower temperature limit may preferably be set to 1200 0 C, considering the reaction rate that can be achieved when the different high-activity calciun:i oxides are mixed with the particular moisture-containing substance.

The inventor of the application conducted a series of the experiments to determine preferred baking temperature ranges. The high-activity calcium oxides of the invention which are produced at the specific baking temperature range between 1200 0 C and 1300 0 C can convert the moisturecontaining substances into a fine powder, when compared with other highactivity calcium oxides of the invention produced at other baking temperature ranges. There are some high-activity calcium oxides of the invention which become unstable as the time after their production Sl. 20 increases. However, the high-activity calcium oxides of the invention can convert the moisture-containing substances into a fine powder even if a long time has past since their production. When some high-activity calcium oxides are used a long time after they are produced they provide a slower reaction rate than if they were used immediately after they were produced.

The high-activity calcium oxides which are produced within the .baking temperature range '1200°C and 1300°C provide a relatively stable reaction rate at which the moisture-containing substances are converted into fine powders when compared with calcium oxides produced at the other baking temperature range, even if they are used a long time after production.

S 30 Therefore, the high-activity calcium oxides which are produced within the 9 baking temperature range of 1200 0 C and 1300°C provide a superior strbility of the reaction rate, when compared with other temperature ranges.

The high-activity calcium oxide that is obtained at the above temperature range and the powdering agent comprising such high-activity calcium oxide react quickly with water to form a fine powder, This powder may be formed by adding pure water, although when acid water (such as -z.R

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wood vinegar liquid) is added the reaction can occur more rapidly. Thus, the high-activity calcium oxide and the powdering agent comprising such highactivity calcium are very effective in converting viscous liquid like blood, or liquid oils such as animal fats, vegetable oils or facts, or mineral oils into fine powders. Those fine powders can be obtained without losing any resolvable components contained in the moisture-containing substances and without affecting or altering their original properties.

The present invention provides advantages, particularly when it is used for those liquid substances or moisture-containing substances that are difficult to convert into fine powders. In this case, the powders can retain the useful components originally contained in those liquid substances or moisture-containing substances, When the reaction occurs, it produces heat under which the fine powders may be obtained without any additional drying or other process.

The high-activity calcium oxide or the powdering agent comprising such high-activity calcium oxide according to the present invention and the moisture-containing substance which is added to them should preferably have almost equal ratio of mixture by weight because this ratio of mixture provides the fine powders resulting from the reaction that can best retain all of the useful components originally contained in the moisture-containing substance.

The inventor of the present application conducted a series of the experiments and obtained the following results 0. 03 to 3.3 parts by weight of any moisture-containing substance was added to one part by weight of the high-activity calcium oxide according to the present invention or the powdering agent comprising such high- '*.:Goactivity calcium oxide, and were mixed together. The reaction occurred, 00 producing a fine powder.

The results show that the addition of different types of moisturecontaining substances produce different reactions that produce fine powders: For Example: when a particular blood was used as the moisture-containing substance, the reaction occurred by adding 0.6 to 3.3 parts by weight of the blood to one part by weight of the high-activity calcium oxide or the powdering agent comprising such high-activity calcium oxide, RAe (ii) for liquid oils, the reaction occurred by adding 0.3 to 1.7 parts by weight of a particular liquid oil to one part by weight of the highactivity calcium oxide or the powdering agent comprising such highactivity calcium oxide.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a powdery blood product -that contains powders converted from a mixture of an animal blood nd a high-activity calcium oxide obtained by allowing those components to react with each other, and a method of manufacturing such a powdery blood product. The said mnethod includes placing a specific quantity of the animal blood and a specific quantity of the high-activity calcium oxide in a reactor container, stirring aiid mixing them together, and thereby causing them to react with each other so that they can form a fine powder. In this method, the animal blood and high-activity calcium oxide may have the mixture ratio by weight of between 1:0.5 to 1.5, or between 1:0.7 to 1.2. The high-activity calcium oxide may be obtained by baking egg shells at the particular baking temperature range, between 900"C and 1500 0 C or between 1200 0 C and 1300 0

C.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a powdery blood product that contains powders formed from a mixture of an animal blood, a high-activity calciujin oxide and any organic acid or organic acid salt, and a method of manufacturing such a powdery blood product. The said method includes placing a specific quantity of the animal blood, a specific quantity of the high-activity calcium oxide and a specific quantity of any other organic acid or organic acid salt in a reactor container, stirring and mixing them together, and thereby causing them to react with each other so that they can form a fine powder. In this method, the animal blood and high-activity calcium oxide may have the mixture ratio by weight'of between 1:0.3 to or between 1:0.5 to 1.2. The high-activity calcium oxide may be obtained by baking egg shells at the particular baking temperature range, i.e. between 900"C and '1500 0 C or between 1200 0 C and 1300'C. The organic acid may be selected fronm the group consisting of propionic acid, formic acid, mnalic acid, lactic acid, and the like, and the organic acid salt may be selected from the group consisting of propionic acid calcium, propionic acid sodium, sorbic acid sodium, propionic acid ammonium, formic acid ammonium, and the like,

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406 9 4 49 6 099' 9 9 According to the method, the animal blood and the high-activity calcium oxide may be provided or the animal blood, the high-activity calcium oxide and any organic acid or organic acid salt may be provided, and may be allowed to react with one another sufficiently until the resulting product exhibits a soft state containing voids. This reaction product can be converted into powders by crushing or milling. Those powders inay have the mesh sizes of 100.

In the typical preferred embodiment of the present invention, the highactivity calcium oxide may be obtained by baking egg shells at the 1o temperature range of between 900'C and 1500 0 C or between 1200 0 C and 1300 0 C. Alternatively, sea shells or anything else that is readily available and contains pure calcium may be used by baking at high temperature range. It is noted that at the baking temperature above at 900 0 C, the sufficient reaction -will not be provided.

As described previously, the powdery blood product according to the present invention may only be composed of a mixture of anl animal blood and a high-activity calcium oxide. In this case, the mixture ratio of those two components that causes the reaction between the two should preferably be such that 0.5 to 1.5 part by weight of the high-activity calcium oxide is a~ .0 0 20 supplied for one part by weight of the animal blood. The reaction that occurs within this ratio range can produce powders from the two components. If the S S proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide is less thani the values as specified above, the reaction will never occur even though a long timeire.g., 25 24 hours, elapses after the mixing process is completed. If the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide exceeds the above value, onl the other hand, there is no noticeable difference in each respective rate of the reaction Aajs corresponding to each value exceeding the above value. As it is clear from the above, the upper limit of the nmixture ratio range may preferably be set to 1:1,5 by weight, which is economical.

The experiments conducted by the inventor of the present application demonstrate that the best reaction rate, reaction time, and the best quality of the resulting product are obtained when the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide ranges between 0.7 and 1.2 part by weight in relation to one p art by weight of the animial blood. Therefore, when only animal blood and high-activity calcium oxide are reacted together, the optimal mixture ratio of the animial blood and high-activity calcium oxide can be such that 0. 7 to 1. 2 pa~t' by -weight of the high-activity calcium oxide is supplied for one part by weight of the animal blood.

When a powdery blood piv.duct is composed of an animal blood, a high-activity calcium oxide, and any organic acid or organic acid salt, and the reaction is caused among those three different components, the preferred mixture ratio of the animal blood and high-activity calcium oxide should be such that 0.3 to 1.5 part by weight of the high-activity calcium oxide is supplied for one part by weight of -the animal blood. The reaction that occurs within this ratio range can produce powders from the three components. If the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide is less than the values as specified above, the reaction will never occur even though a long time, e.g., 24 hours, elapses after the mixing process is completed. If the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide exceeds the above value, on the other hand, tHere is no noticeable difference in reach respective rate of the reaction corresponding to each value exceeding the above value.

As it is clear from the above, the upper limit of the mixture ratio range may preferably be set to 1:1.5 by weight, which is economical. If it is desired :that the reaction be completed in a relatively short time following the mixing process, thereby producing the powders, the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide may preferably be equal to more than 0.5 part by weight for one part by weight of the animal blood. As in the preceding case, the economical mixture ratio should preferably be such that 0. 7 to 1.2 part by *eight of the high-activity calcium oxide is supplied for one part by weight of the animal blood, since this also provides the best reaction rate, reaction :09 25 tUme and product quality.

ofWhen any organic acid or organic acid salt is added to the combination *o the animal blood and high-activity calcium oxide; and is made to participate in the reaction that occurs among these components, the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide can be reduced when compared with the case where no organic acid or organic acid salt is added. This reduction may be achieved because the high--activity calcium oxide is alkaline while any organic acid or organic acid salt is acidic.

Aiy organic cononents that contain acid may be used and added to the combination of the animal blood and high-activity calcium oxide.

Amiong others, any organic acid or organic acid salt is preferred. There is no limitation for organic acid or organic acid salt to be added. The final product that contains the powders formed from the components described above may be used as feeds or fertilisers. The particular type of organic acid or organic acid salt to be added may be selected, depending upon the particular usage of the final product. For example, when the final product is to be used as feed for animals, any type of organic acid or organic acid salt designated as the proper additive to the feed may be added. In this case, those organic acids may include propionic acid, formic acid, malic acid, lactic acid and the like.

The organic acid salts may include propionic acid calcium, propionic acid sodium, sorbic acid sodium, propionic acid ammonium, formic acid ammonium and the like.

The proportion of any selected organic acid or organic acid salt may be equal to more than 0.1 part by weight relative to the total weight of the combination of the animal blood and high-activity calcium oxide.

The stirring process that occurs when the animal blood and highactivity calcium oxide are mixed together in the reactor container may be omitted or bypassed. When the stirring process is involved, it should preferably occur slowly so that a uniform mixture can be obtained.

The animial blood and the high-activity calcium oxide are added and 20 mixed together, or the animal blood, the high-activity calcium oxide and any organic acid or organic acid salt are added and mixed together to produce an exothermic reaction within several minutes to ten minutes. This results in a reaction product that is soft and contains voids. The resultant product can readily be converted into a powder by crushing it without involving any 25 external drying process. Then, the powders may pass through the selfcooling, weighing and packaging processes. A final product may be delivered as a commercial powdery blood article. It should be noted that the reaction time may depend upon the ambient temperature, and may vary by a few hours between summer and winter.

30 Through those processes, the final powdery product can retain the major part of the useful components that are originally contained in the raw animal blood and whose respective original properties are not affected, or altered.

As described previously, all of the conventional methods have attempted to address the problem of how to effectively utilise the blood from the animals killed for food in the slaughter house, but those efforts have been unsuccessful. The blood has been disposed of uselessly. In contrast, the present invention allows the raw blood to be processed in large quantities.

The raw blood thus processed can retain the various kinds of nutrients originally contained therein. The raw blood containing those nutrients can then be converted into fine powders, which may be used as feeds or fertilisers for animals or plants, respectively. The method according to the present invention allows large quantities of blood to be processed so that the blood can be converted into powders easily and rapidly, and provides a remarkable processing efficiency for the blood. During the blood processing, there is no risk of producing any secondary or accompanying environmental pollution (such as the disagreeable odour). The product obtained by the present invention has a powdery form which can be stored for any extended period of time without being altered or corrupted. The granulation or any other processing can be easily performed.

Through the usual dehydration process, it is almost impossible or difficult to dry the blood into the powdery forms. According to the present 20 invention, it is possible to process the blood into the powdery forms easily and without using any complicated equipment and without consuming a large amount of heating energy. During the powder forming process according to the present invention, the blood and the high-activity calcium oxide react readily with one another, or the blood, the high-activity calcium 25 oxide and any organic acid or organic acid salt react readily with one another, producing an exothermic reaction. As no external heating source :such as a heater is required, the blood can retain virtually all of its original useful components.

The raw blood that has just been collected from any killed animal and 30 is yet to be processed contains useful elements such as calcium, iron, various vitamins, and other nutrients. The present invention may be used for processing the raw blood before it coagulates such that the properties of the useful elements contained in the f'rw blood remain unaltered throughout the process. Those properties can be stabilised by keeping the blood in its powdery form. Thus, the components contained in the final powdery product can be kept unaltered when it is- ored in the usual manner. The i L- -1II~I)ICBY~

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i II"' lyi~~ -l~l final powdery product may be used effectively as feed for animals or fertiliser for plants.

In accordanco with the method of the present invention, as a preliminary step, any useful crude drug or wood vinegar in a liquid form may be added, in the proportion of 5% to 10%, to the raw animal blood that contains no high-activity calcium oxide. Then, they may be mixed together, and the resulting mixture may be mixed with the high-activity calcium oxide, causing the reaction to occur between them. The powders that result from the reaction may be used as animal feeds or plant fertilisers that enhance the utilisation of the blood components. The blood powders thus obtained in accordance with the present invention may be mixed with any activator. The mixing can be made readily. The present invention provides a convenient means of using the bloods powders. For instance, the blood powders according to the present invention may be mixed with any other medicinal drugs powdery wood vinegar), and the resultant mixture may be used as a nutrient for humans or animals, or as an activator for plants.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a powdery oil product that comprises any particular liquid oil component, a particular high-activity calcium oxide component and water or wood vinegar liquid 20 component and which may be obtained by allowing those components to react to each other, and a method of manufacturing such a powdery oil product, respectively. In either case, a powdery oil product may be obtained by adding any liquid oil component to other components including a highactivity calcium oxide obtained by the inveition described above and water 25 or wood vinegar liquid, mixing those components together and allowing them to react.

In a specific example, the components may include one part by weight of liquid oil, 0.6 to 3.0 parts by weight of high-activity calcium oxide, and 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of water or wood vinegar liquid. The high-activity I: 30 calcium oxide may be obtained by baking egg shells at the temperature range of between 900 0 C and 1500°C or between 1200 0 C and 1300°C. Liquid oils may include animal oils, vegetable oils and mineral oils.

In the prior art method, as described earlier, any liquid oil may be i added to powdery'calcium oxide. Adding the liquid oil component to the 4 35 powdery calcium oxide component simply allows the liquid oil component to be absqlrbed by the powdery calcium oxide component, without causing any -4U j T Table 4. Analysis of Amino Acids chemical reaction between the two components. Thus, the powdery oil product contains the oil powder particles that retain the oily property which makes the oil powder particles sticky. In contrast and according to the method of the present invention, the particular powdery high-activity calcium oxide component that may also be provided by the present invention is used, wherein a liquid oil component may be added to the high-activity calcium oxide component and the powdery oil product thus obtained can contain non-sticky oil powder particles, The chemical reaction can result simply by mixing a liquid oil component, a powdery high-activity calcium oxide component, and any one of water or wood vinegar liquid component together, without requiring any positive processes, such as mixing, heating and others, that were required in the prior art method.

In the specific composition ratio example shown above, if the water or wood vinegar liquid component is less than 100/ by weight relative to the oil component, the resulting product would become like clay (sticky state), rather than powdery. When the water or wood vinegar liquid component is more than 100% by weight relative to the oil component, the resulting product would also be comne like clay (sticky state), rather than powdery. In either case, the resulting products are not desirable.

In the above component ratio example, it is found that the proportion of high-activity calcium oxide component should be more than 60% by weight in relation to that of the oil component. If it is less than the above value, no desirable reaction can. occur. The experimental results show that the desired reaction can occur so that powders can be produced even if the quantity of high-activity calciumi oxide component is more than the sum of :the quantity of oil component and the quantity of water or wood vinegar liquid- more than 100/ by weight relative to oil component, provided that the quantity of water or wood vinegar liquid component according to that quantity of high-activity calcium oxide component is added.

When high-activity calcium component and water or wood vinegar liquid component are provided in adequate quantities, or more specifically, wh~en the propodions of those components have the ratio of 1:1, the desired reaction can occur with no particular limitations so that powders can be produced, even if the proportion of oil component in the total amount is below 10%/ by weight. It should be noted, however, that if the proportion of (f~'.high-activity calcium oxide component is to be increased, and the proportion of water or wood vinegar liquid component is to be increased accordingly, the proportion of oil component should be decreased as a matter of course.

In this case, the resulting powdery oil product should contain less of the oil component with regard to all other components. If any powdery oil product contains the oil component below a certain value, it will lose its commercial value. So, such products will not meet any marketing needs. Thus, the upper limit of the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide that should be added may be determined from the product marketability considerations, which may be set to 300% by weight in relation to oil, component, In the example described above, either water or wood vinegar liquid may be added, but, generally, fatty acids that contain more carbons, or any ester compounds thereof, can be dissolved in any organic solvent or solution containing any organic substances (such as wood vinegar liquid) more easily than in water. Thus, when using wood vinegar liquid, the reaction that produces oil powders can occur more quickly than when using water.

As described earlier in connection with the high-activity calcium oxide according to the present invention, the powdery oil product that may be prcoduced in the manner described above by adding the high-activity calcium oxide component can contain the oil component whose usefulness has not been affected. When using the wood vinegar liquid that causes the reaction, the resulting powdery oil product can contain the wood vinegar compon ent as it is not altered.

The high-activity calcium oxide component used in 'the above example may be obtained by baking egg shells at the temperature range of between 900'C and 150000 or between 1200 0 C and 13000C. It may be obtained by baking sea shells or anything that contains easy-to-extract pure calcium at high temperatures. In either c.ase, the baking temperature should be at least above 90000. Otherwise, no desired reaction can occur.

Best Mode For Carrying out the Invention The present invention is described in further detail by referring to the particular preferred embodiments thereof.

(Embodiment 1) White eggshells are washed clean, and are allowed to dry under the ambient atmosphere. Although it is not required, this diyinig may be accomplished by tising any external drying.

means. 40 kg of the dried eggshells are baked at 900°C for five hours within the electric furnace where they are exposed to the air blow stream (80 cm 3 /min). Then, they are allowed to cool. Following the baking process, those eggshells are milled to fine powders until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm. About 20 kg of high-activity calcium oxide is thus obtained.

The baking time should preferably be set to five hours because this length of time is required to bake all the eggshells uniformly at 900°C within the electric furnace. In other words, the baking time corresponds to the specific time required for baking the specific quantity of eggshells uniformly at the specific temperature, and therefore it may depend upon the parameters such as the amount of eggshells being baked, baking temperarture, and so on.

The eggshells that have been baked should preferably be milled to fine powders until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm because the product that results from the reaction of the produced high-activity calcium oxide can contain fine powders of uniform size formed by the reaction, and the reaction rate can be quickened.

'The activity that is provided by the high-activity calcium oxide according to this embodiment has been examined. To do this, 100 grams of the high-activity calcium oxide was provided, to which an equal quantity (100 grams, 100m 1 of wood vinegar liquid was added. A mixture of them was obtained by the stirring operation which continued to run for seconds, and was then left until it settled. As time went, a small portion of the wood vinegar liquid appeared on the surface of the mixture in a sludge form. The mixture was then left to settle for about ten minutes. Then, cracks were found on the surface of the sludgy mixture, and moisture was evaporated from the mixture. The resulting product was found to contain the wood vinegar powders combined with the Ca fine powders.

The further examination was conducted to check to see that there was the component of the wood vinegar liquid in the produced fine powders. The result showed that there was the component of the wood vinegar liquid that was combined with the high-activity calcium oxide which was added thereto.

(Embodiment 2) White eggshells are washed clean, and are allowed to dry under the ambient atmosphere.

Although it is not required, this drying may be accomplished by using any external drying -i means. 40 kg of the dried eggshells are baked at 1000 °C for five hours within the electric furnace where they are exposed to the air blow stream (80 cm 3 /min). Then, they are -14-

I

I i _xI I allowed to cool. Following the baking process, those eggshells are milled to fine powders until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm. About 20 kg of high-activity calcium oxide is thus obtained.

The baking time should preferably be set to five hours because this length of time is required to bake all the eggshells uniformly at 10001C within the electric furnace.

The activity that is provided by the high-activity calcium oxide according to this embodiment has been examined. To do this, 100 grams of the high-activity calcium oxide was provided, to which an equal quantity (100 grams, 100m 1 of wood vinegar liquid was added. A mixture of them was obtained by the stirring operation which continued to run for seconds, and was then left until it settled. As time went, a small portion of the wood vinegar liquid appeared on the surface of the mixture in a sludge form. The mixture was then left to settle for about seven minutes. Then, cracks were found on the surface of the sludgy mixture, moisture was evaporated from the mixture, and the uniform fine powders were produced in a moment. The resulting product was found to contain the wood vinegar powders combined with the Ca fine powders.

The further examination was conducted to check to see that there was the component of Sthe wood vinegar liquid in the produced fine powders. The result showed that there was the Scomponent of the wood vinegar liquid that was combined with the high-activity calcium oxide which was added thereto.

(Embodiment 3) White eggshells are washed clean, and are allowed to dry under the anmbient atmosphere.

Although it is not required, this drying may be accomplished by using any external drying means. 40 kg ofthe dried eggshells are baked at 1100 *C for five hours within the electric furnace where they are exposed to the air blow stream (80 cm 3 /min). Then, they are allowed to cool. Following the baking process, those eggshells are milled to fine powders until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm. About 20 kg of high-activity calcium oxide is thus obtained.

1 The baking time should preferably be set to five hours because this length of time is required to bake all the eggshells uniformly at! 100°C within the electric furnace.

The activity that is provided by the high-activity calcium oxide according to this embodiment has been examined. To do this, 100 grams of the high-activity calcium oxide was provided, to which an equal quantity (100 grams, 100m 1) of wood vinegar liquid was added. A mixture of them was obtained by the stirring operation which continued to run for seconds, and was then left until it settled. As time went, a small portion of the wood vinegar liquid appeared on the surface of the mixture in a sludge form. The mixture was then left to settle for about seven minutes. Then, cracks were found on the surface of the sludgy mixture, moisture was evaporated from the mixture, and the uniform fine powders were produced in a moment. The resulting product was found to contain the wood vinegar powders combined with the Ca fine powders.

(Embodiment 4) White eggshells are washed clean, and are allowed to dry under the ambient atmosphere.

Although it is not required, this drying may be accomplished by using any external drying means. 40 kg of the dried eggshells are baked at 1200"C for five hours within the electric furnace where they are exposed to the air blow stream (80 cm 3 /min), Then, they are allowej to cool. Following the baking process, those eggshells are milled to fine powders until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm. About 20 kg of high-activity calcim.nI nvide is thus obtained, The baking time should preferably be set to five hours because this length of time is required to bake all the eggshells uniformly at 1200°C within the electric furnace, The eggshells that have been baked should preferably be milled to fine powders until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm because the product that results from the 16rr reaction of the produced high-activity calcium oxide can contain fine powders of uniform size formed by the reaction, and the reaction rate can be quickened.

The activity that is provided by the high-activity calcium oxide according to this embodiment has been examined. To do this, 100 grams of the high-activity calcium oxide was provided, to which an equal quantity (100 grams, 100m 1) of wood vinegar liquid was added. A mixture of them was obtained by the stirring operation which continued to run for seconds, and was then left until it settled. As time went, a small portion of the wood vinegar liquid appeared on the surface of the mixture in a sludge form. The mixture was then left to settle for about six minutes. Then, cracks were found on the surface of the sludgy mixture, moisture was evaporated from the mixture, and the uniform fine powders were produced in a moment. The resulting product was found to contain the wood vinegar powders combined with the Ca fine powders.

(Embodiment White eggshells are washed clean, and are allowed to dry under the ambient atmosphere.

Alt.ouigh it is not required, this drying may be accomplished by using any external drying means. 40 kg of the dried eggshells are baked at 1300°C for four hours within the electric furnace where they are exposed to the air blow stream (80 cm 3 /min). Then, they ;s allowed to cool. Following the baking process, those eggshells are milled to fine powd,*.s until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm. About 20 kg of high-activity .ilcium oxide is thus obtained.

The baking time should preferably be set to four hours because this length of time is required to bake all the eggshells uniformly at 1300°C within the eli'tric furnace.

The eggshells that have been baked should preferably be milled to fine powders until they can have the particle size of less than 1 mm because th e product that results from the reaction of the produced high-activity calcium oxide can contain fine powders of uniform size formed by the reaction, and the reaction rate can be quickened.

The activity that is provided by the high-activity calcium oxide according to this embodiment has been examined. To do this, 100 grams of the high-activity calcium oxide

N!

4 ~0 n 17 r I 1 was provided, to which an equal quantity (100 grams, 100m 1 of wood vinegar liquid was added. A mixture of them was obtained by the stirring operation which continued to run for seconds, and was then left until it settled. As time went, a small portion of the wood vinegar liquid appeared on the surface of the mixture in a sludge form. The mixture was then left to settle for six minutes. Then, cracks were found on the surface of the sludgy mixture, and moisture was evaporated from the mixture. The resulting product was found to contain the wood vinegar powders combined with the Ca fire powders.

To compare with the high-activity calcium oxide obtained at 1300°C in the current embodiment, the baking temperature was tentatively raised from 1300°C up to 1500°C, and a new high-activity calcium oxide was obtained by using the same parameters as specified in the current embodiment, except for the changed baking temperature. The activity of the new high-activity calcium oxide obtained at 1500°C was examined. No difference was noticed in the activity between the high-activity calcium oxide obtained at 1300°C and that obtained at 1500°C. The reaction rate at which the fine powders are obtained when the wood vinegar liquid is added to the high-activity calcium oxide was substantially the same for both. Thus, the upper baking temperature may be set to 1500°C in terms of the efficiency and the cost effectiveness.

(Comparison Case 1) White eggshells are washed clean, and are allowed to become dry under the ambient atmosphere. Then, the dried eggshells are baked at 8001C for five hours within the electric ifurnace where they are exposed to the air blow stream (80 cm 3 /min). After this, they are allowed to cool. Those eggshells that have been baked and cooled are then milled to fine powders having the particle sizes of less than 1 mm. Calcium powders are thus obtained.

The activity of the calcium obtained above was examined. To do this, a specific quantity of calcium was provided, to which the equal quantity by weight of wood vinegar L liquid was added. They were mixed togther for 30 seconds by stirring, and were then left to settle. During that time, the mixture produced a gas with an odor, and also produced I_ "N 18-

UZI

i bubbles. 24 hours later, it was found that the wood vinegar liquid and calcium remained to be separated (not chemically combined).

As the result, no powders were obtained. It may be appreciated from this comparison case 1 that the calcium obtained at 800°C provides a low activity, and the wood vinegar liquid cannot be formed into fine powders when it is added to the above calcium.

(Comparison Case 2) Unslaked lime which was produced by baking a limestone at 900°C for five hours is provided and crushed. This unslaked lime is the calcium oxide offered by Adachi Sekkai Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japaii. The crushed unslaked lime and wood vinegar liquid were mixed together in equal quantites by weight. They produced an exothermic reaction momentarily, and moisture was evaporated. It was found that the mixture contained powders and gross solids irregularly, The gross solids contained solids formed like bubbles which turned to the blown color. The fine powders could not be obtained as a whole.

The high-activity calcium oxide obtained in accordance with the present invention reacted with the wood vinegar liquid in a completely different manner from this comparison case where the known unslaked lime (CaO) reacted with the wood vinegar liquid. As compared with the comparison case, the fine powders can be formed by the high-activity calcium oxide of the present invention without affecting or altering the property of the wood vinegar component, and this represents the chemical change that was never found in the prior art.

(Experiment 1) The high-activity calcium oxide obtained in accordance with the present invention and other calciums were examined to investigate their respective electric conductivity, colors of the calcium powders and powdering reaction with the liquid wood vinegar, and the following results were obtained, It is noted that the calciums used for the purpose of the experiment included the highactivity calcium oxide of the invention obtained at the baking temperatures of 1300"C and 900°C, respectively, the oyster shell calcium obtained at the baking temperatures of 1300°C and 900C, respectively, the unslaked lime (as offered by Adachi Sekkai Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan).

k,\ 11k 19 ii k-Y- Electric Conductivity The electric conductivity is the measure of the ability of a particular material to conduct current through a conductor. In the experiment, 1/10000 of each different calcium was added to purified water, and was solved therein. The electric conductivity was measured for each, based on the ion conduction. Difference in the ionization kate between each different calcium was determined from the magnitudes of the respective values measured for those calciums.

In the modern nutrition science, it is the established fact that calcium cannot be absorbed without being ionized. Then, the ionization was determined by measuring the electric conductivity for each different calcium. The results of the experiment show that the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention obatined at the baking temperature of 13001C exhibits the highest electric conductivity, which means the highest ionization.

It may be concluded from the above that the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention obtained at the baking temperature of 1300°C can be absorbed in vivo (such as animals) more easily than the oyster shell calcium obtained at the baking temperature of 13001C and others, and performs the best.

Colors of the Calcium Powders The calciums being examined presented respective colors, which were observed and compared visually.

The high-activity calcium oxide according to the present invention appears white, while the oyster shell calcium appears light cream. The unslaked lime also appears white, but the unslaked lime appears rather black as compared with the high-activity calicum oxide of the invention.

Reaction with Liquid Wood Vinegar How each different calcium contributes to forming the liquid wood vinegar into fine powders when reacting with the liquid wood vinegar was examined. The results show that uniform powders are obtained by the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention, while uniform powders are not obtained by the other calciums.

The following table I summarizes the results obtained during the experiment.

\7 44 t 4.

20

I

r4 i i 4 1~ r Table 1 Calciums Conductivity Powder Result following the examined Color Reaction high-activity calcium oxide clean unifom fine (13000C) 0.664 ms/cm white powders high-activity calcium oxide clean uniform fine (9000C) 0.411 ms/cm white powders oyster shell calcium light (1300°C) 0.523 ms/cm cream no powders, solid oyster shell calcium light (900 0 C) 0.427 ms/cm cream no powders, solid bubble solids and nonsolids, no uniform unslaked lime 0.390 ms/cm white powders as a whole diluted to 10000 times the amount of the purified water) (Experiment 2) The calciums being examined included the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention obtained at the baking temperature of 1300°C, the unslaked lime (CaO 98%) (as offered by Adachi Sekkai Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan), and the reagent calcium oxide (CaO 99.9%) (as offered by Wako Junyaku, Japan). Those calciums were examined to verify their respective antidiarrhoea effect for rat models using the castor oil that causes diarrhoea.

SLC: Four SD male rats (four weeks old, weighing 100 g.to 150 were given mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg of each of the those three kinds of CaO through the mouth, as shown below. In addition, physiological saline was also given as a control through the mouth, After thirty minutes, 1m 1 of castor oil was given through the mouth, and the antidiarrhoea effect was checked for each dose using the following formula.

21

G

i I 4 Table 1 Calciums Conductivity Powder Result following the examined Color Reac:.

high-activity calcium oxide clean unifom fine (1300 0 C) 0.664 ms/cm white powders high-activity calcium oxide clean uniform fine (900°C) 0.411 ms/cm white powders oyster shell calcium light (1300 0 C) 0.523 ms/cm cream no powders, solid oyster shell calcium light (900 0 C) 0.427 ms/cm cream no powders, solid bubble solids and nonsolids, no uniform unslaked lime 0.390 ms/cm white powders as a whole diluted to 10000 times the amount of the purified water) (Experiment 2) The calciums being examined included the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention obtained at the baking temperature of 1300°C, the unslaked lime (CaO 98%) (as offered by Adachi Sekkai Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan), and the reAgent calcium oxide (CaO 99.9%) (as offered by Wako Junyaku, Japan). Those calciums were examined to verify their respective antidiarrhoea effect for rat models using the castor oil that causes diarrhoea.

SLC: Four SD male rats (four weeks old, weighing 100 g.to 150 were given mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg of each of the those three kinds of CaO through the mouth, as shown below. In addition, physiological saline was also given as a control through the mouth. After thirty minutes, Im 1 of castor oil was given through the mouth, and the antidiarrhoea effect was checked for each dose using the following formula.

22 9u a .I

LN

t' 1 1 1>

L

time to manifest diarrhoea for specimen total excrements antidiarrhoea index fime to manifest diarrhoea for control total excrements (Note: the antidiarrhoea of one for the control is assumed.) The following table 2 shows the values as measured and the corresponding respective antidiarrhoea indices as calculated.

Table 2 Time to manifest diarrhoea Excrements Antidiarrhoea Specimen (min) (gram) index Control 36.3 5.9 6.5 0.65 1.00 High-act.

CaO mg/kg 49.0 10.9 2.1 0.21 3.97 mg/kg 72.5 8.5 1.6 0.29 8.00 100 mg/kg over 120 0 large unslaked lime mg/kg 39.5 4.2 3.6 0.48 1.97 mg/kg 68.5 14.4 2.2 0.47 5.58 100 mg/kg 84.5 7.6 1.6 0.43 9.46 Reagent CaO mg/kg 44.5 9.0 3.1 0.39 2.57 mg/kg 77.8 15.5 1.7 0.64 8.20 100 mg/kg 102.8 10.9 0.4 0.40 46.06 The respective antidiarrhoea effects for all of CaO's examined have been given in the above table, which shows that the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention derived from living bodies like eggshells provides the highest antidiarrhoea effect, as compared with the unslaked lime and reagent calcium oxide derived from minerals. Particularly, for the dose of 100 mg/kg, no diarrhoea was manifested within two hours.

23 (Embodiment 6) 2000 grams of raw blood from pigs butchered or killed for food at the slaughter house and 2000 grams of high-activity calcium oxide obtained by baking egg shells at the specific high temperatures are placed in the reactor container where they are stirred and mixed together at a slow rate. In 30 to 40 minutes, the reaction begins to occur between the two, and is completed in 10 to 15 minutes after the beginning of the reaction. During the reaction, its temperature reaches S0°C to 100°C. The moisture or water content is found to be evaporating at those temperatures. Then, the resulting mixture is allowed to cool at the ambient room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes. The reaction product that is then obtained presents the moss green color and has the soft state containing voids. This reaction product may be formed into poweders having mesh sizes almost equal to 100 by simply crashing it.

Those powders amount to about 3200 grams.

The following Tables 3, 4 and 5 show the results obtained by analizing the components contained in the blood powders that have been formed in the manner described above.

Table 3. Analysis of Powdery Blood t Analyzed Item Results Detect Limit Note Method of Analysis moisture 13.8% Atmos. Heat Drying crude protein 7.8% 1 Kjeldahl Method crude fat 0 Diethyl-Ether crude fiber 0.1% Filtering ignition residue 59.0% 2 Direct Ashing Note 1: Nitrogen/protein conversion factor: 6.25 Note 2: Measuring conditions: Temperature 8001C: constant amount 24 Table 4. Analysis of Amino Acids Analyzed Item {Result Detect Limit Note Method of Analysis arginine 0.33% lysine 0.47% histidine 0.80% phenylalanine 0.52% tyrosine 0.23% leucine 1.01% isoleucine 0.10% methionine 0.07% valine 0.65% alanine0.IV1% glycine 0.3 8% proline 0.32% glutamic acid 0.74% Amino Acid Automatic Analyze Method, except for tryptophane which was detected bv High-Speed Liquid Chromatography Method serine 0,28% L J R~y

I

25 r L _I L Y i~ _~iP; i I Table 4 (continued) threonine 0.24% aspartic acid 0.90% tryptophane 0.13% cysteine None 0.05% 1 Note 1: For detection, it was first oxidized by performic acid and then hydrolized by hydrochloric acid.

Table 5. Analysis of Minerals Analyzed Item Result Detect Limit Note Method of Analysis phosphorus 146 mg/100 g Vanadomolybdic acid Absorptiometry iron 20.5 mg/100 g o-phenanthroline Absorptiometry calcium 41.4% Potassium permangnate Volumetric Analysis sodium 180 mg/100 g Atomic Absorptiometry potassium 100 mg/100 g -domagnesium 441 mg/100 g -do-

\P

26 r -1i Table 5 (continued) chlorine 161 mg/100 g Mole Barium sulfate sulfur 0.09% Gravimetric It may be seen from the data given in those tables that the blood powders contain virtually all of the useful elements or components originally present in the killed pig's raw blood, without being altered during the process.

In this embodiment, the usual vertical-type stirrer is used, and is operated at 60 rpm (revolutions per minute). The uniform mixture may be obtained by running the stirrer for ten or less minutes. This stirring operation may be monitored visually, and it may be stopped within ten minutes from the beginning of the running of the stirrer at the time when the uniform reaction begins to take place.

The high-activity calcium oxide that is used in this embodiment may be obtaihed in the following manner. First, white egg shells are washed clean, and are left until they become dry. Although it is not required, this drying may be done by using any drying means. Then, kg of those egg shells are baked at 900 0 C for five hours within the electric furnace where they are exposed to the air blow flow (80 cm 3 /min), and are then allowed to cool. The white egg shells thus obtained are milled to fine particles. Those particles should have the size of less than 1 mm. The result contains a high-activity calcium oxide equal to about 20 kg. The baking time should preferably be set to five hours because this length of time is required to bake all the egg shells uniformly at 900°C. Similarly, the egg shells that have been baked should preferably be milled to particle sizes of less than 1 mm because the high-activity calcium oxide thus obtained and containing those particle sizes can more readily react with the blood at the higher rate, producing a uniform powdery blood product.

(Example of Use 1) 0. i kg of liquid wood vinegar and 10 kg of filler in the form of charcoal powders are added to one kg of the powdery blood product obtained in the embodiment 6. Then, they are mixed together, and the resulting mixture passes through the granulating device which ,provides granules of one mm to three mm in diameter. Those granules may be added 27 L-a, to a particular animal feed in the appropriate proportions. When the granules are used with a particular fertilizer, 0.1 to 1.0 by weight, for example, may be added.

(Embodiment 7) 2000 grams of raw blood from pigs butchered for food in the slaughter house and 2000 grams of high-activity calcium oxide obtained by baking sea shells (oyster shell) at the particular high temperatures are placed in the reactor container where they are stirred and mixed together at a slow rate. In 30 to 40 minutes, the reaction begins to occur between the two, and is completed about 15 minutes after the beginning of the reaction. Then, the resultant mixture is allowed to cool at the ambient room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes.

The reaction product that is then obtained presents the moss green color and has the soft state containing voids. This reaction product mey bU formed into powders having mesh size almost equal to 100 by simply crashing it. Those powders amount to about 3200 grams.

The components contained in the powders are analyzed, and it is found that the powders retain virtually al! of the useful elements or components that are originally contained in the killed pigs' raw blood, without having their respective properties unaffected such as by the alteration that would otherwise be possible.

The high-activity calcium oxide that is used in this embodiment may be obtained in the following manner. First, sea shells are washed clean, and are left until they become dry.

Although it is not required, this drying may be done by using any drying means. Then, 40 kg of those sea shells are baked at 1000°C for five hours within the electric furnace where they are exposed to the air blow flow (80 cm 3 /min), and are then allowed to cool. The sea shells thus obtained are milled to fine particles. Those particles have the size of less than 1 mm.

The result contains a high-activity calcium oxide equal to about 20 kg. The baking time should preferably be set to five hours because this length of time is required to bake all the sea shells uniformly at 1000"C, Similarly, the sea shells that have been baked should preferably be milled to particle sizes of below 1 mm because the high-activity calcium o.-ide thus obtained and containing those particle sizes can more readily react with the blood at the higher rate, producing a uniform powdery blood product.

This embodiment shows that some calcium oxide obtained by baking sea shells at the particular high temperatures may have the reactivity for causing the powdering reaction.

(Experiment 3) 28 A high-activity calcium oxide of the present invention (which was obtained by baking egg shells at the baking temperature of 12500C) and a raw blood that was collected from a rat (SLC:SD male rat six weeks old and weighing 250 gram to 300 gram) were used for the purpose of the current experiment.

Five sample compositions were prepared, each sample composition containing a fixed quantity of rat blood that is equal to 5 ml (about 5 gram) and a varying quantity of the highactivity calcium oxide that is equal to 5 gram, 3.5 gram, 2.5 gram, 1.5 gram, and 0.5 gram, respectively. Then, each sample composition was subjected to the stirring process. For each resulting mixture, the state of the powders that would be formed four hours and twentyfour (24) hours after the reaction began, respectively, was examined. The results are given as the below Table 6.

Table 6 Q'ty of high-activity calcium oxide 5 3.5 2.5 1.5 Ratio (by weight) of 1:1 1.07 1:0.5 1:0.3 1:0.1 blood/calcium oxide Powder formed or yes yes no no no not after 4 hours Powder formed or yes yes yes no no not after 24 hours Conclusion: As it can be seen from the above results, the preferred mixture ratio of the raw rat blood and high-activity calcium oxide should be such that 0.5 or more part by weight of the high-activity calcium oxide is supplied f-r one part by weight of the rat blood. It can also be seen that when it is desired that powders are formed in a relatively short time after the reaction occurs, 0.7 or more part by weight of the high-activity calcium oxide should preferably be supplied for one part by weight of the rat blood.

29 (Experiment 4) This experiment took place under the same conditions as for the preceding experiment 3. 0.1% by weight of propionic acid calcium was added to each sample composition. Then, for each sample composition, the state of the powders that would be formed 4 hours and 24 hours after the reaction began, respectively, was examined, and the results, which are given below Table 7, were compared with those obtained in the experiment 3.

Table 7 Q'ty of high-activity calcium oxide 5 3.5 2.5 1.5 Ratio (by weight) of 1:1 1.07 1:0.5 1:0.3 1:0.1 blood/calcium oxide Powder formed or yes yes yes no no not after 4 hours Powder formed or yes yes yes yes no not after 24 hours Result: By adding 0.1 by weight of propionic acid calcium, the proportion of the highactivity calcium oxide can be reduced as compared with that in the experiment case 3, and the powders can be formed. The time required for forming the powders can also be reduced.

(Experiment Case This experiment took place under the same conditions as for the preceding experiment 3. 0.5% by weight of sorbic acid sodium was added to each sample composition. Then, for each sample composition, the state of the powders that would be formed 4 hours and 24 hours after the reaction began, respectively, was examined, and the results, which are given below Table 8, were compared with those obtained in the experiment 3.

30

A

Ta. -8 I Table 8 Q'ty of high-activity calcium oxide 5 3.5 2.5 1.5 Ratio (by weight) of 1:1 1.07 1:0.5 1:0.3 1:0.1 blood/calcium oxide Powder formed or yes yes yes no no not after 4 hours Powder formed or yes yes yes yes no not after 24 hours Result: By adding 0.5% by weight of sorbic acid sodium, the proportion of the highactivity calcium oxide can be reduced as compared with that in the experiment case 3, and the powders can be formed. The time required for forming the powders can also be reduced.

Conclusion: As the high-activity calcium oxide is alkaline, the amount of the high-activity calcium oxide can be reduced by adding a slight amount of any organic acid salt, such as propionic acid calcium or sorbic acid sodium, that presents acidity, or any organic acid that is required for forming the powders.

The time required for forming the powders can also be reduced.

It may be appreciated that if the slight amount of any organic acid salt such as propionic acid calcium or sorbic acid sodium is added, the proportion of the high-activity calcium oxide may preferably be 0.3 or more part by weight for one part by weight of the raw animal blood.

If it is desired that the powders are formed in a relatively short time after the reaction begins, it may preferably be 0.5 or more part by weight.

(Embodiment 8) 100 grams of cuttle fish oil was prepared, to which 20 grams of liquid wood vinegar and 120 grams of the powders of the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention obtained at the 31 f baking temperature of 1300C were added. They were then mixed together by stirring, and were allowed to settle. The reaction was completed in ten minutes, and the result contained finely powdered cuttle fish oil, which was equal to 230 grams.

The components contained in the resultant cuttle fish oil powders were analyzed, and it was found that all of the components listed below remained as they were originally contained in the cuttle fish oil. The components that remained are: myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palimitic acid, hexadecanoic acid hexdecanoic acid palmitoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid stearic acid, octadecanoic acid octadecanoic acid oleic acid, linoleic acid, octadecatetraenoic acid eicosanoic acid (n-l eicosanoic acid (neicosanoic acid eicosagenoic acid diphomo- r -linoleic acid, eicosatraenic acid arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosanoic acid docosanoic acid erucic acid, docosapentaenoic acid docosahexsaenoic acid and tetracosanoic acid It is known that the conventional powdered calcium oxide does not react chemically with liquid oils alone, which are only abosorbed by the powdered calcium oxide. The powders thus formed contains the viscosity of oils. It is impossible to remove the viscosity of oils from the formed powders. In contrast, the high-activity calcium oxide according to the present invention can be used with any liquid oils, and the resulting powders are formed with ease, from which the viscosity has been removed. Those powders may be formed simply by allowing the high-activity calcium oxide to react chemically with oils as well as liquid wood vinegar, No additional processes such as mixing, heating, etc. that occur in the prior art are required.

(Embodiment 9) 100 grams of frying oil was provided, to which 120 grams of the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention obtained at the baking temperature of 1200C and 20 grams of water were added. They were mixed together in the vessel by stirring gently, and the resultant mixture was allowed to settle. In six minutes, the result contained finely powdered frying oil, which was equal to 230 grams.

(Embodiment 100 grmas of frying oil was provided, to which 120 grams of the high-activity calcium oxide of the invention obtained at the baking temperature of 1200"C and 20 grams of liquid %sTR= q wood vinegar were added. They were mixed together in the vessel by stirring gently, and the resultant mixture was allowed to settle. In three minutes, the result contained finely powdered frying oil, which was equal to 230 grams.

It may be appreciated from the embodiments 9 and 10 that oils may be powdered by adding either water or liquid wood vinegar to allow the liquid oil and the high-activity calcium oxide to react with eaci, othcr. The liquid wood vinegar causes the reaction more quickly. In general, this is because fatty acids containing more carbons or ester compounds thereof are more easily solved by organic solvents or solutions containing organic substances liquid wood vinegar) than by water. Thus, it appears that using the liquid wood vinegar, rather than using water, quickens the reaction which forms the oils into fine powders.

As the before described Embodiments 1 to 10 and Experiments 1 and 3 to 5, the highactivity calcium oxide according to the present invention provides the activity that aids in forming the specific moisture-contained substances into fine powders without losing any resolvable components in the moisture-contained substance and without affecting or altering the properties of those resolvable components. It may thus be appreciated that the highactivity calcium oxide according to the present invention is useful as the powdering agent which can form the moisture-contained substances into the fine powders.

(Comparison Case 3) 100 grams of fry oil, 110 grams of powdery high-activity calcium oxide and 10 grams of water were placed into a vessel where they ere mixed together by stirring. The resulting mixture was left until the reaction was completed. The reaction was completed in 15 minutes, and the product that resulted from the reaction contained powdered oil that was sticky like clay.

It is found from the above that the ratio of the particular oil, such as fry oil in this case, and water being I 0.1 by weight is a boundary on which whether the chemical reaction between those two components by which oil can be formed to powders can be caused or not.

(Comparison Case 4) 100 grams of fry oil, 200 grams of powdery high-activity calcium oxide and 100 grams of wood vinegar liquid were placed into a vessel where they were mixed together by stirring.

The resulting mixture was left until the reaction was completed. The reaction was completed -33t. i in one minute, and the product that resulted from the reaction contained 350 grams of powdered oil.

It is found from the above that the ratio of the particular oil, such as fry oil in this case, and wood vinegar liquid being 1 1 by weight can cause the chemical reaztion between those two compofents by which oil can be powdered.

I

~5TR;4~~ d 34

Claims

1. A powdering agent when used to convert animal blood into a powder, comprising a high-activity calcium oxide, wherein said high-activity calcium oxide is obtained by baking eggshells at the temperature range of 900 0 C and '1500 0 C.

2. A powdering agent when used to convert animal blood into a powder, comprising a high-activity calcium oxide, wherein said high-activity calcium oxide is obtained by baking eggshells at the temperature range of 120000 an. 1300 0 C.

3. A powdery animial blood product that contains powders formed from a mixture of an animal blood and a high-activity calcium oxide obtained by baking eggshells at the banking temperature range of between 900 0 C and 1500'C, wherein: said mnixture is processed so that said animal blood and said high- activity calcium oxide react with each other to form a powder.

4. A powdery animal blood product that contains powders formed from a mixture of an animal blood, a high-activity calcium oxide obtained by baking eggshells at the baking temperature range of between 90000 and 150000 and any organic acid or organic acid salt, wherein: said mixture is processed so that said animal blood, said high-activity calcium oxide and said any organic acid or organic acid salt react with each other to form a powder. The powdery animal blood product as defined in Claim 4, wherein said any organic acid is solected from the group consisting of propionic acid, formic acid, malic acid and lactic acid. The powdery animal blood product as defined in Claim 4, wherein said any organic acid salt is selected from the group consisting of propionic acid calcium, propionic acid sodium, sorbic acid sodium, propionic acid amnionium anid formic acid anmmoniunm.

7. A method of manufacturing a powdery animal blood product that contains powders formed from a mixture of an animal blood and a high- activity calcium oxide obtained by baking eggshells at the baking temperature range of between 9000T and 150000, comprising: providing a specific quantity of the animal blood and a specific quantity of the high-activity calcium oxide; causing said animal blood and said high-activity calcium oxide to be mixed together by stirring within a reactor container; causing said animal blood and said high-activity calcium oxide to react with each other during the miixing step; and allowing the mixture of said animal blood and said high-activity calcium oxide to form a powder during the reacting step.

8. The method as defined in Claim 7, wherein said animal blood and said high.activity calcium oxide obtained by baking eggshells at the baking temperature range of between 900 0 C and 1500'C has the mixture ratio by weight of 1:0.5 to

9. A method of manufacturing a powdery animal blood product that contains powders formed from a mixture of an animal blood, a high-activity calcium oxide obtained by baking eggshells at the baking temperature range of between 900'C and 1500 0 C, and any organic acid or organic acid salt, 115 comprising: providing a specific quantity of the animal blood, a specific quantity of the high-activity calcium oxide, and a specific quantity of any organic acid or organic acid salt; causing said aninmal blood, said high-activity calcium oxide and said 39: 20 any organic acid or organic acid salt to be mixed together by stirring within a reactor container; causing said animal blood, said high-activity calcium oxide and said any organic acid or organic acid salt to react with each other during the mixing step; and allowing the mixture of said animal blood, said high-activity calcium oxide and said organic acid or organic acid salt to form a powder during the reacting step. The iiefiod as defined in Claim 9, wherein said animal blood and. said high-activity calc im oxide obtained by baking eggshells at the baking temperature range of between 900 0 C and 1500'C has the mixture ratio by weight of 1.0.3 to

11. The powdery animal blood product as defined in Claim 9, wherein said any organic anid is selected from the group consistin~g of propionic acid, formic acid, malic acid and lactic acid.

12. The powdery animal blood product as defined in Claimi 9, wherein said any organic acid salt is selected from the group consis ting of propionic acid calcium, propionic acid sodium, sorbic acid sodium, propionic acid ammonium and formic acid ammonium. Dated this 17th day of November 1998 EISAI CO., LTD. G &G CO.,,LTD. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant:, F B RICE CO 094 4* 4* IRAQ (translation) ABSTRACT High-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900 1500 A powdery preparation comprising high-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900 1500 0 C. A discharged animal blood powder produced by returning discharged animal blood with high-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900 1500 0 C, and a process for producing the powder. A discharged animal blood powder produced by reacting discharged animal blood with high-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900 1500 *C and an organic acid or a salt thereof, and a process for producing the powder. A fat or oil powder produced by reacting a liquid fat or oil with high-activity calcium oxide produced by firing eggshells at 900 1500 °C and water or wood vinegar, and a process for producing the powder.