AU692312B2

AU692312B2 - Improvements in or in relation to negative air ion generators

Info

Publication number: AU692312B2
Application number: AU37370/95A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Joshua Shaw
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1994-10-20
Filing date: 1995-10-20
Publication date: 1998-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 2015-10-20
Also published as: AU3737095A

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR IN RELATION TO NEGATIVE AIR ION GENERATORS

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION THIS INVENTION relates to improvements in or in relation to negative air ion generators for production of small biologically active (ingestible) ions.

BACKGROUND ART The thrust of experimental data to date shows that small negatively charged air ions are biologically active providing improved health through ingestion of the negative air ions over time. Ion depletion in modern urban life by air borne pollutants has been documented as producing adverse effects on body serotonin levels and production of higher than normal histamine levels in some people producing adverse physiological and psychological effects.

The presence of negative air ions capable of being inhaled and ingested has been shown to assist the body to return to its own natural balance producing positive effects on health.

At present, negative ion generators suffer from a number of disadvantages.

At present, negative air ion generators are not capable of producing small highly mobile biologically active negative ions consistently over an extended time period and they lack flexibility in terms of the variability of production rate and quantities of ions produced.

In addition, due to the high voltages employed to produce ions, ion generators are prone to corrosion and wear so that ion generation can cease without a user being aware.

OUTLINE OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to alleviate at least to some degree the abovementioned deficiencies of the prior art.

In devising the present improvements to negative ion generators, the applicant has produced a number of independent inventions which can be used separately but have synergism and are more preferably used together in combination. Nevertheless, the applicant recognises the possibility that inferior products may be made utilising one or more of the applicant's inventions.

The applicant has therefore set out in this present specification, each invention in independent form and also in combination and reserves the applicant's rights to divide each invention or to claim the inventions in novel combination.

In one invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator having at least one needle assembly having a needle point and a driver circuit providing voltage to the needle point to produce air ions, the needle assembly having a socket surrounded by a socket housing carrying a terminal extending from the housing, the terminal being soldered in the driver circuit, the needle point being removably held in the socket, the socket, socket housing and terminal being plated over its entire surface with a corrosion resistant metal such as gold or its functional equivalent. The needle point is preferably made from a corrosion resistant alloy.

Typically, a ruthenium alloy is employed.

In a second invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator having at least one needle assembly including a replaceable needle point and a driver circuit providing voltage to the needle assembly to generate ions at the needle point, a timing circuit and a needle replacement indicator, the timing circuit being operable to actuate the needle replacement indicator after a predetermined period of time indicative of expiration of needle life. Typically, expiration of needle life is not usually complete cessation of ion production but is an average time period beyond which ion production slows and is a recommended time for replacement.

The timing circuit preferably includes a solid state memory device periodically addressed to time the predetermined period of time and to provide a trigger signal in response to the expiration of said predetermined period of time. The solid state memory device is typically an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). The EEPROM is typically configured to use sequential EEPROM cells as pointed to by the first cell in order to evenly distribute write cycles to the cells of the EEPROM in order to prolong EEPROM life. Upon replacement of expired needles, the timing circuit includes a reset which for manually resetting the EEPROM to recommence countdown of the predetermined period of time. Preferably, the needle replacement indicator provides a visual indication pending needle expiration and a second visual indication of needle expiration. Most preferably, the needle replacement indicator provides three indications with a first indication indicating that needle life is currently within the predetermined period of time, a second indication indicating that needle life is approaching the end of the predetermined period of time and a third indication indicating that needle life has exceeded the predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time is typically not less than about 2000 hours and not more than about 2500 hours.

In a further invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator having at least one needle assembly including a replaceable needle point and a driver circuit providing voltage to the needle point to generate ions at the needle point, an earth disposed adjacent the needle point at a distance of 15mm to 20mm therefrom and preferably about 1 7mm therefrom. Typically, a plurality of needle assemblies are employed being configured as a ring of circumferential ly spaced needle assemblies and said earth comprises a ring disposed 1 5mm to 20mm from the ring of needle points, preferably 1 7mm from the ring of needle points.

In a further invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator including at least one needle assembly having a replaceable needle, a driver circuit and selection circuit means for selection of ion levels to vary the amount and/or frequency at which ions are produced. Typically, the ion generator enables selection of the quantity of ions produced by changing the magnitude of the driver signal to produce more or less ions at any frequency setting, the drive signal typically having a carrier frequency modulated at defined frequencies. The carrier frequency is typically a frequency in the range of 15kHz to 20kHz, preferably being a square wave having 17kHz preferred frequency. Modulation frequency is typically selected from one of the following frequencies:- (i) about 40Hz;

(ii) about 25Hz;

(iii) about 10Hz; and

(iv) about 7.83Hz. The number of ions is preferably variable from as low as about 50,000 negative ions per CC at one metre to as high as about 400,000 negative ions per CC at one metre.

In a further invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator including at least one needle assembly having a replaceable needle point and a driver circuit, the driver circuit having a crystal control oscillator controlling application of a time varying voltage to the needle point.

In a further invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator comprising a needle assembly and a driver circuit connected to the needle assembly to generate ions at the needle assembly, the needle assembly including first terminal connector means in said driver circuit and second terminal connector means adapted to be frictionally and releasably held by the first connector means, the second connector means being adapted to hold a needle having a needle point at which ions are generated, the terminal connector means having corrosion resistant contact surfaces between said connector means and said needle point. Preferably, the contact surfaces are plated with gold or its functional equivalent. Preferably, the entire surface of the first and second terminal connectors are surface coated with the corrosion resistant conductive material.

Preferably, the first terminal connector means includes a socket and the second terminal connector means includes a plug and a needle socket, the plug being releasably held in said socket of said first terminal connector means, the first and second sockets and the plug having frictional contact surfaces, the contact surface at least being coated with corrosion resistant material. In another invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator comprising an emitter, typically a needle point, a driver circuit for generating ions at the emitter, the driver circuit producing an ion generation signal, the ion generation signal comprising a carrier wave which is frequency modulated at a selected one of a number of selectable frequencies. The selectable modulation frequencies are typically about 40Hz, about 25Hz, about 10Hz or about 7.83Hz. The carrier frequency is from 15kHz to 20kHz with about 1 7.25kHz being typical.

In a still further invention, there is provided a negative air ion generator comprising an emitter, typically a needle point, a driver circuit for generating ions at the emitter, an AC mains power supply inlet to the driver circuit having a mains active, mains neutral and ground terminal, the driver circuit having an effective ground potential connection between the driver circuit and the mains ground terminal, there being provided a safety current route through a resistor to the neutral terminal in the event that the mains earth is faulty.

In a further invention, there is provided a compact negative air ion generator having an emitter, typically a needle point, a driver circuit for generating ions at the emitter and a compact casing housing the driver circuit, the driver circuit including a control circuit and a high voltage circuit, the control circuit and high voltage circuit being spaced from one another within the casing by a distance insufficient to prevent arcing, an insulator disposed between the control circuit and high voltage circuit in order to prevent arcing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the present invention can be more readily understood and be put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings and wherein:-

Figures 1 and 2 are front and rear perspective views illustrating a negative air ion generator;

Figure 3 is a cut-away perspective view illustrating a needle assembly according to the present invention;

Figure 4 is an enlarged view of a second terminal connector means being part of the assembly of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of a negative air ion generator according to the present invention;

Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a typical control program for a microprocessor controlled negative air ion generator according to the present invention; and

Figures 7, 8 and 9 are circuit diagrams of a typical circuit for a negative air ion generator according to the present invention. Figure 10 is an alternative driver circuit for a negative air ion generator according to the present invention.

METHOD OF PERFORMANCE

Referring to the drawings and initially to Figures 1 and 2, there is illustrated a negative air ion generator 10 which is generally mushroom shaped having narrow cylindrical body portion 1 1 and an upper enlarged cylindrical body portion 12, the negative air ion generator 10 is provided with a circular array of needle emitters 13 with eight in total and four being disposed generally in opposite directions on the upper body portion 12. Located at approximately 1 7mm below the ring of emitters 13 is an earth ring 14 shown in phantom and this is positioned from 15mm to 20mm with 1 7mm as shown being optimum for the generation of small ions.

Each emitter is located in a recess 1 5, each recess having a slot 16 for flow of ions between the needle points 1 7 and the earth ring 14.

As can be seen, the negative ion generator is relatively compact when compared with prior art devices and a consequence is prone to arcing between the high voltage circuit being carried on a board shown in phantom at 30 and the control circuit shown in phantom at 31 which are separated within the unit. In the present case, the generator 10 is about 10cm high and to prevent arcing an insulating disc 32 is disposed about halfway between the boards 30 and 31 . The insulating disc in this case is a 1 mm thick polycarbonate.

The portions 1 1 and 12 are preferably made from a low outgassing plastics, preferably from a plastics that is free from chlorine and bromine flame retardants. A suitable plastic is available from Bayer, the Bayer brand and identification being "Bayblend KU-1 -448" available from Bayer Australia Limited of 875 Pacific Highway, Pymble, New South Wales, 2073, Australia. The plastic has been specially selected by the applicant, bearing in mind its outgassing characteristics. Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, there is illustrated a needle assembly 1 3 having a replaceable needle point 1 7 releasably retained in a second connector 18 shown in cut-away. The second connector is also releasably retained in the socket of a first connector 19, the first connector includes a pin 20 adapted to be soldered in circuit to provide a fixed connector having a socket configured internally in similar fashion to the socket illustrated in cut¬ away in Figure 4. Both the connectors 18 and 19 are configured with the same general internal construction having a plug 21 and a socket assembly 22, the socket assembly 22 having an internal sleeve 23 with resiliently biased legs 24 adapted to frictionally engage the needle point 17 as shown in Figure 3, or in the case of connector 19 the plug 21 of the connector 18 when inserted into the socket of the connector 19.

In the illustrated embodiment, all of the surfaces of the connector 19 and the connector 18 are gold plated to minimise corrosion, bearing in mind any shoulder, edge or defect, for example, arising due to corrosion can provide a site for the generation of ions and thereby reduction in the overall life of the needle assembly.

It will be appreciated that the optimum is for ions to be generated at the very tip 25 of the needle point 17 rather than at other positions on the needle assembly. Use of the corrosion resistant coating enhances the production of ions at the needle point and prolongs the life of the needle assembly.

Referring now to the additional drawings, the description of a preferred circuit arrangement for generation of ions according to the teachings of the present inventions will now be described. The present ion generator uses a Cockcroft Walton multiplier to generate high tension voltages of between 5 and 12kV, derived from a ferrite tuned transformer driven at 1 7kHz. This provides a much more stable and medically effective output than in prior devices.

In the present unit, the main supply is transformed and rectified to give 16 volts DC which is then regulated to 10 volts DC for driving the main control circuitry, this contains a microprocessor 26 which is crystal controlled to generate 15 microsecond pulses at 1 7kHz. This is in turn modulated at one of four rates under control of the DIP switches 6 to 8 on switch 27. The pulses are fed to a Darlington driver transistor circuit 28 which energises the pulse transformer 29 capacitively tuned to act in class C mode. The drive to this is limited by a set of resisters at 30 selectable by dip switches 1 to 5 at 27 to give a range of ion outputs. The transformer 29 has a turns ratio of 120: 1 and thus gives an output of up to 2400 volts AC peak-to-peak. This in turn is multiplied by a five stage multiplier 31 shown in Figure 8 to generate about 12,000 volts DC.

An alternate arrangement to the Darlington driver circuit 28 is shown in Figure 10. In this arrangement the coil resistion R1 is held constant at 1 ohm and a set of switches SW1 to SW5 change the settings on the variable regulator LM31 7. The settings are changed by switching in different ratio resistor sets R5, R7; R3; R2, R1 3; R9, R12 and R6, RI 1 . This stratagem permits the inductance of the transformer to vary and, with switching two ratio sets in parallel, the ioniser can give 9 output voltages from 5 switches.

The modulation switches the pulse train on and off at a rate controlled by switches 6 to 8 of switches 27; with all switches off, the rate is 40Hz, switch 6 on changes this to 25Hz; switch 7 sets the modulation at 10Hz and switch 8 defines the rate at 7.83Hz. Note that in this definition, a cycle contains two "on" periods and two "off" periods.

As it is necessary to replace needle points at regular intervals, since the corona discharge at the tips causes the needles to wear, the microprocessor warns the user of this by activating one of three LEDS; green for the first 2000 hours, amber for the next 104 hours and red thereafter, signifying that the needles should be replaced. Since the unit may be switched off, the timing is stored by the microprocessor in EEPROM. A reset switch is provided to restart the hours count when the needles have been replaced. In the illustrated embodiment and since the reset must be effected when the mains power is not applied, a rechargeable battery is included to supply the microprocessor at this time.

In order that the ions may be properly released, the unit includes an earth ring located in a plane below the needles as previously described. This is grounded to the mains earth. In the event that the mains earth is faulty, a charge build up is prevented by connection of a large resistor (R10 in Figure 9), in this case 68MΩ between the incoming ground and neutral wires.

The resistor reduces arcing, in previous devices charge build up causes arcing which gives an audible clicking sound at any available earth point, for example, at the mains power point. The voltage dropped across the resistor is about 1 50V DC if the earth fails.

As can be seen in Figure 6, when power is applied, the microprocessor first checks whether mains power is present via D2 and input RB3. If so, it reads the current EEPROM setting to decide on needle life status. If life exceeds 2100 hours, it shows a red light and stops. If life is nearly expired, it shows the amber light, otherwise it shows green and proceeds to update the life value. This is done with reference to the modulation rate setting, this is done once per modulation cycle. The modulation rate setting also is used to define how many of the 1 7kHz pulses should be emitted during the active half cycle. Because this value can be more than an 8 bit binary value (256) the program generates three pulses per count. Each pulse mark and space is controlled by a secondary count value and a tight loop.

This same setting value is then re-entered to define the length of the passive half cycle. In fact, the same code is used, but the output is rendered inactive. At the end of this, the program returns to its start and repeats is sequence.

A consideration in the program design is that the EEPROM in the microprocessor is limited to 100,000 write cycles per cell. However, the life must be updated sufficiently regularly that normal usage will be correctly recorded, no longer than once every fifteen minutes. Thus a single counter would use its life in less than three years. To overcome this, the program instead uses sequential EEPROM cells, as pointed to by the first cell, to count down from 255 to 0. This scheme also results in the simple determination of the 2000 hour point, which occurs when enough EEPROM cells have been "emptied" as recorded by the value in the first cell. Since each cell now carries only 1/50th of the duty, the life is extended to 150 years. Thus, if the EEPROM is entered in reset mode (battery power only), the micro controller refills all EEPROM cells with a value 255 and sets the pointer back to the first cell. The process is confirmed to the user by monetary activation of the amber light while the refill process is current, and then by showing the green light.

It will be appreciated that the present invention provides in combination a more reliable negative ion generator than previously known in the prior art. In particular, the combination of features involving the replaceable needles in order to inhibit corrosion and the ability to select and vary the proportion and way in which ions are generated provides a significant advance over the prior art.

It will therefore be appreciated that whilst the above has been given by way of illustrative example of the present invention, many variations and modifications thereto will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the broad ambit and scope of the invention as herein set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1 . A negative air ion generator including at least one needle assembly having a needle point and a driver circuit providing voltage to the needle point to produce air ions, the needle assembly having a socket surrounded by a socket housing carrying a terminal extending from the housing, the terminal being soldered in the driver circuit, the needle point being removably held in the socket, the socket, socket housing and the terminal being plated over its entire surface with a corrosion resistant metal.

2. The ion generator according claim 1 wherein the corrosion resistant metal is gold or its functional equivalent.

3. The ion generator according to any one of claims 1 and 2 wherein the needle point is made from a corrosion resistant alloy.

4. The ion generator according to claim 3 wherein the resistant alloy being a ruthenium alloy.

5. A negative air ion generation including at least one needle assembly having a replaceable needle point and a driver circuit providing voltage to the needle assembly to generate ions at the needle point, a timing circuit and a needle replacement indicator, the timing circuit being operable to actuate the needle replacement indicator after a predetermined period of time indicative of expiration of needle life.

6. The ion generator according to claim 5 wherein the predetermined period of time being determined by an average time period beyond which ion production from the needle point slows to a predetermined level.

7. The ion generator according to any one of claims 6 and 7 wherein the timing circuit includes a solid state memory device periodically addressed to time the predetermined period of time and to provide a trigger signal in response to the expiration of said predetermined period of time.

8. The ion generator according to claim 7 wherein the solid state memory device is an electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM).

9. The ion generator according to claim 8 wherein the EEPROM is configured to use sequential EEPROM cells as pointed to by the first cell in order to distribute write cycles to the cells.

10. The ion generator according to any one of claims 8 and 9 further includes a reset switch for resetting the EEPROM to recommence countdown of the predetermined period of time.

1 1 . The ion generator according to any one fo claims 5 to 10, wherein the needle replacement indicator provides a visual indication pending needle expiration and a second visual indication of needle expiration.

12. The ion generator according to any one of claims 5 to 10 wherein the needle replacement indicator provides a first indication indicating that needle life is currently within the predetermined period of time, a second indication indicating that needle life is approaching the end of the predetermined period of time and a third indication indicating that needle life has exceeded the predetermined period of time.

13. The ion generator according to any one of claims 5 to 12 wherein the predetermined period of time being not less than about 2000 hours and not more than about 2500 hours.

14. A negative air ion generator including at least one needle assembly having a replaceable needle point and a driver circuit providing voltage to the needle point to generate ions at the needle point, an earth disposed adjacent the needle point at a distance of 15 mm to 20 mm therefrom.

1 5. The ion generator according to claim 14 wherein the distance being 1 7 mm.

16. The ion generator according to any one of claims 14 and 1 5 wherein the generator is provided with a plurality of needle assemblies which are configured as a ring of circumferential ly spaced needle assemblies and said earth comprises a ring disposed at a distance of 15 mm to 20 mm from the ring of needle points.

1 7. The ion generator according to claim 1 6 wherein the distance being 1 7 mm.

18. A negative air ion generator including at least on needle assembly having a replaceable needle, a driver circuit and selection circuit means for selection of ion levels to vary the amount and/or frequency at which ions are produced.

19. The ion generator according to claim 18 wherein the selection circuit means enables selection of the quantity of ions produced by changing the magnitude of the drive signal to produce more or less ion at any selected frequency setting.

20. The ion generator according to any one of claims 18 and 19 wherein the drive signal from the driver circuit having a carrier frequency modulated at defined frequencies.

21 . The ion generator according to claim 20 wherein the carrier frequency is a frequency in the range of 1 5 KHz to 20 KHz.

22. The ion generator according to claim 21 wherein the carrier is a square wave at 1 7 KHz.

23. The ion generator according to one of claims 20 to 22 wherein the modulation frequency is selected from one of the following frequencies:-

(i) about 40 Hz. (ii) about 25 Hz. (iii) about 10 Hz , or (iv) about 7.83 Hz.

24. The ion generator according to one of claims 18 to 23 wherein the amount of ions produced varies from about 50,000 negative ions per cc at one metre to about 400,000 negative ions per cc at one metre.

25. A negative air ion generator including at least one needle assembly having a replaceable needle point and a driver circuit the driver circuit having a crystal controlled oscillator controlling applications of a time varying voltage to the needle point.

26. A negative air ion generator including a needle assembly and a driver circuit connected to the needle assembly to generate ions at the needle assembly, the needle assembly including first terminal connector means in said driver circuit and second terminal connector means adapted to be frictionally and releaseably held by the first connector means, the second connector means being adapted to hold a needle having a needle point at which ions are generated, the terminal connector means having corrosion resistant contact surfaces between said connector means and said needle point.

27. The ion generator according to claim 26 wherein the contact surfaces are plated with gold or its functional equivalent.

28. The ion generator according to any one of claims 26 and 27 wherein the entire surface of the first and second terminal connector means are surface coated with the corrosion resistant conductive material.

29. The ion generator according to any one of claims 26 to 28 wherein the first terminal connector means includes a socket and the second terminal connector means includes a plug and a needle socket, the plug being releaseably held in said socket of said first terminal connector means, the first and second sockets and the plug having frictional contact surfaces, the contact surfaces at least being coated with the corrosion resistant material.

30. A negative air ion generator comprising an emitter, a driver circuit for generating ions at the emitter, the driver circuit producing an ion generation signal, the ion generation signal comprising a carrier wave which is frequency modulated at a selected one of a number of selectable frequencies.

31 . The ion generator according to claim 30 wherein the selectable frequencies are the following frequencies:-

(i) about 40 Hz; (ii) about 24 Hz; (iii) about 10 Hz; and (iv) about 7.83 Hz.

32. The ion generator according to any one of claims 30 and 31 wherein the carrier frequency is from 1 5 KHz to 20 KHz.

33. The ion generator according to claim 32 wherein the carrier frequency is 1 7.25 KHz.

34. The ion generator according to any one of the claims 30 to 33 wherein the emitter is a needle point.

35. A negative air ion generator comprising an emitter, a driver circuit for generating ions at the emitter, an AC mains power supply inlet to the driver circuit housing a mains active, mains neutral and ground terminal, the driver circuit having an effective ground potential connection between the driver circuit and the mains ground terminal, the generator being provided with a safety current route through a resistor to the neutral terminal in the event that the mains earth is faulty.

36. The ion generator according to claim 35 where the emitter is a needle point.

37. A compact negative air ion generator comprises an emitter, a driver circuit for generating ions at the emitter and a compact casing housing the driver circuit, the driver circuit including a control circuit and a high voltage circuit, the control circuit and the high voltage circuit being spaced from one another within the casing by a distance insufficient to prevent arcing, an insulator disposed between the control circuit and the high voltage circuit in order to prevent arcing.

38. The ion generator according to claim 37 wherein the emitter is a needle point.