AU659961B2

AU659961B2 - Prevention of air pollution by noxious gases and vapours

Info

Publication number: AU659961B2
Application number: AU47473/93A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Van Thoi Phung
Original assignee: THOI PHUNG VAN
Current assignee: THOI PHUNG VAN
Priority date: 1993-09-21
Filing date: 1993-09-21
Publication date: 1995-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2013-09-21
Also published as: EP0787028A1; AU4747393A; WO1995008383A1; EP0787028A4; JPH10508241A

Description

1/00/011 28/5/91 regultlon 3,2

AUSTRALIA

Patents Act 1990

ORIGINAL

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Invention Title: PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION BY NOXIOUS GASES AND

VAPOURS

The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:-

DESCRIPTION:

25 The prevention of .ir pollution by noxious gases and vapours is effected by two methods as following: I. Without Air method II. With Water or Liquid Chemicals method.

Both methods above can be applied together to make the prevention of the air pollution as complete and efficient as possible. It has application to: manufacturing industries stacks, motor vehicle exhausts, train exhausts, maritime steam and smoke emissions, aeroplane emissions, incinerator emissions, static engine emissions, ship emissions, in house, stove and furnace pipes, air conditioning systems.

Provatwlon or AIr Pollulion By Ncodaua QGnu and Vapours I. Without Air method: The Without Air method is a condensation and separation of the noxious gases and vapours which utilises a way to trap the noxious gases, vapours, dust, ash etc escaping from the pollution sources (chimney stacks of plants, incinerators and other manufacturing industries Then for a limited period, the noxious vapours will separate from the incondensable gases without intervention outside or inside. The air poll ition which is caused by these sources is a serious problem of all people. This problem is overcome by the present method whicl provides a simple way to trap the tar, dust ash, etc... and absorb the incondensable gases such as CO, C02, SOx, NOx For example, the gases may be separated from dust, ashes etc. in separated compartments or in compartments integrated in a simple circular structure.

Broad description of the apparatus: To assist with understanding the system reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which show the general physical aspect of the Without Air method system.

In the drawings following: Drawing 1/6: shows the general physical aspect of the Without Air method system, Drawing 2/6: shows the schematic diagram of the Without Air method system.

The apparatus consists of a large cylinder 1 dividing into 16 chambers Cl to C16 with 16 holes 12 having 16 covers 2 for exhausting the gases, each of the chambers being efficient in containing the condensable gases, dust, ashes within 300 seconds and the bottom having one drawer 3 for iontaining the tar, ashes, etc.. and one window 4 for taking out 'he drawer 3. The condensation system may also be used with cylinders of different sizes, depending on the space required by plans or the quantity Prvanlon or Air PolluIor By Noxlouu Onon und Vopora of the pollution gases, the incinerators and manufacturing industries.

The cylinder's sizes are as follows: Period of the receiving of the pollution gases The number of cylinders and chambers depend on the period i 300 seconds 240 seconds 180 seconds 120 seconds 60 seconds 1 Cy times 16 C, or 2 Cy times 8 C, or 4 Cy times 4 C 1 Cy times20 C, or 2Cy times 10 C, or 4 Cytimes 1 Cy times 26 C, or 2 Cy times 13 C 1 Cy times 38 C, or 2 Cy times 19 C, or 19 Cy times 2C 1 Cy times 76 C, or 2 Cy times 38 C, or 4 Cy times 19 C foot note: Cy Cylinder C Chamber ft o 10 o *lo The cylinder may be made of metal or any suitable material.

Referring to the system according drawing 1/6, the general physical aspect of the to this invention:

S

*5* 1. The lid 6 The plant stack 5 is closed by a lid 6 on the top. The lid 6 not only acts as a cover but also is the security lid of the system. When the ejector 8 is troubled (eg. the gas can not enter the chamber), the lid 6 will automatically open for the fumes to exhaust to the atmosphere.

2. The fume pipe 7 The diameter of this pipe 7 is 3/4 or equal to the diameter of the plant stack 5 and leads from near the top of the stack 5 to the cylinder 1 The head of the pipe 7 fixed to the cylinder 1 is four times the diameter of the pipe 7 2::,Z I I_ _LI_ Provanloin of Air Pollntlon By Noxious Ganes and Vapoura 3. The ejector 8 This ejector is installed inside the pipe 7 near the joint of the stack 5 It extracts the gas and vapour from stack 5 and propels them to the chamber of the cylinder 1 Its power depends on how much in the way of fumes that the plant stack 5 is required to exhaust.

4. The plate 11 The diameter of the plate 11 is equal to the wide mouthed part of the pipe 7 This plate 11 is installed on the centre of the top of the cylinder 1 It has 16 equal holes but 15 of them are closed and only one is empty for the gases and vapours which can pass it and enter the chamber. It turns clockwise at 5 minutes/sector by machine 9 automatically.

5. The fume cylinder 1 The fume cylinder 1 is divided into 16 equal chambers which are numbered from Cl to C16, each of the chambers being efficient in containing the noxious gases and vapours etc... within 5 minutes (300 seconds).

S 20 For example: if every second, the plant stack 5 ejects litres then the chamber's volume will be: 0* 5 litres times 300 seconds 1500 litres 25 and the cylinder 1 's volume will be: 1500 litres times 16 24000 litres.

Supposing the Cylinder 1 's height 3 meters, the cylinder's 30 radius will be R square 24000 litres 3.1416 3 meters R 1.59 meters (round off 1.6 meters) Besides that the cylinder 1 also has a bottom which tapers to a smaller radius. The taper is about 45 degrees and its bottom is about 0.8 meter diameter, its height is 1.2 meters, L Provonllon Of Air Pollution By Noxlouo Gasos and Vopours so that the total height of the cylinder 1 is 3m 1.2m 4.2m.

To avoid the pressure inside of the cylinder 1 the bottom is not included in the cylinder's volume calculation. This means the chamber's volume is a bit bigger than the gas's volume entering the clamber as calculated above.

6. The holes 12 with the covers 2 On the upper side of each chamber C1 to C16 has a hole 12 to exhaust or reticulate the real gases. This cover 2 is worked by an automatic machine. It opens only 30 seconds then closes. It opens at the 4740th seconds and closes at the 4770th seconds to calculate from the first second of the receiving the pollution gases of the chamber. This means, it closes seconds earlier of the next receiving the pollution gases of the chamber.

7. The inlet pipe 10 Every chamber C1 to C16 has an inlet pipe 20 10 which is about 1 meter long. The overhead of the inlet -pipe 10 joints to the plate 11 Therefore its shape is an isosceles triangle. Their sides are equal to the radius of the plate 11 and its base is a curve which occupies 1/16 of the plate's circumference. The other head of the pipe 10 is 25 round, it curves 90° to the middle direction of the chamber.

:This curve part is about 20 cm long.

8. The windows 4 There are 16 equal windows 4 which are installed about 1 cm from the cylinder's bottom. They 30 encircle the cylinder's 1 bottom and their heights are about cm. They may be opened at anytime to take out the drawers 3 which contained the condensable noxious gases and vapours etc... They are made of transparent materials.

9. The drawers 3 There are 16 equal drawers 3 for containing the condensable noxious gases and vapours. They are put into the bottom of the cylinder 1 by 16 operable windows 4 The shape of the drawers are isosceles triangles. Their sides are S4.

A-.

ill 191 Provonlon Of Air Pollution By Noxious Ganos and Vapourn 6 shorter than the radius of the cylinder's bottom by about 1 cm. Their bases are 1/16 of the cylinder's bottom circle and their heights are 10 cm. They are made of transparent materials.

The Without Air method system can be controlled by a computer or a suitable mechanism controller depending on where it is applied.

Referring to the drawing 2/6, showing the schematic diagram of the system: The noxious gases and vapours are pushed into an appropriate chamber Cl to C16 c Then 79 minutes later the noxious gases and vapours are completely condensed and separated from the mixture and fall gcntly down into the drawers 3. The cover 2 is opened for the clean air exhaust to the atmosphere in 30 seconds by passing the hole 12 on the top of the chamber C1 to C16, or if substantial amounts of noxious gases are present, these are reticulated to absorbers down the line, by means of pipes and 20 pumps.

i.

e e 6 6 Provontlon Of Air Pollution By Noxlouo GQono and Vapours II. With Water or Liquid Chemicals method.

The With Water or Liquid Chemicals method is the separation or absorption of the noxious gases and vapours etc... by using a way to absorb the noxious gases and vapours etc... in water or liquid chemicals, then release the clean air to the atmosphere. After that the mixture of water or chemicals will be arrested by a micro filter and other chemicals depend on the noxious gases and the water mixture to allow the water recycled.

Example: C02 H20 H2C03 The method in this invention uses the normal water to absorb the noxious gases like C02, but in other special cases, the liquid chemicals can be exploited instead, depending on the toxic gases of the pollution sources.

The With Water or Liquid Chemicals method system consists of two cylinders 25A,25B to receive the noxious gases and vapours alternatively, each cylinder being efficient in containing the 20 noxious gases and vapours within 60 seconds, inside of it ready have about a quarter of water, a roller with a screw blade rolling inside the body of the cylinder 25A,25B, one basin for containing the water mixture like carbonic acid produced by the process one micro filter for arresting the solid 25 particles in the mixture such as carbon, dust ash and vapours to allow the mixture recycled.

The blade of the roller may be replaced with 6 or 8 propellers instead.

30 The cylinder 25A,25B may be. made of metal or any suitable material such as plastics to avoid the oxidation of the acids in the water mixture To assist with understanding the system reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which show the general physical aspect of the With Water or Liquid Chemicals method system.

In the drawings following: Provantlon OrAir Pollution By Noxloun GOao and Vapourn Drawing 3/6: shows the general physical aspect of the With Water or Liquid Chemicals method system, Drawing 4/6: shows the schematic diagram of the With Water or Liquid Chemicals method system, Drawings 5/6 and 6/6: shows the working period and non working period of parts in the With Water or Liquid Chemicals method system.

Referring to the drawing 3/6, the general physical aspect of the system according to this invention: 1. The lid 14 The plant stack 21 is closed by a lid 14 on the top. The lid 14 is not only for the cover but it is also the security lid of the system. When any part in the system is troubled, the lid 14 will automatically open for exhausting fume to the atmosphere.

4 20 2. The fume pipe 23 The diameter of this pipe 23 is about 3/4 .or equal to the diameter of the plant stack 21 One end of the pipe 23 is fixed to the plant stack 21 and the other end is divided off two branches. One branch is fixed to the cylinder 25A and the other branch is fixed to the cylinder 25 3. The locks 24A and 24B These two locks are installed in the two branches of the pipe 23 the lock 24A is in the branch to the cylinder 25A and the lock 24B is in the 30 branch to the cylinder 25B. These two locks will be alternatively opened and closed, if the lock 24A is opened, the lock 24B is closed and on the contrary. The opening and closing period of these two locks is about 60 seconds. They are opened and closed to satisfy the operation of the two cylinders 25A and 25B 4. The ejector 22 This ejector 22 is installed in the pipe 23 TT near the joint of the plant stack 21 It extracts the Prevontloi Of Air Pollullon By Noxious Gasoa and Vapours noxious gases and vapours etc... from the plant stack 21 and propels them to the two cylinders 25A or 25B Its power depends on how much in a way of fumes that the plant stack 21 is required to exhaust.

The fume cylinders 25A and 25B All parts of these two cylinders 25A and 25B are similar. On the two ends of the cylinder 25A or 25B there are two entries fixing the branch of the pipe 23 and the branch of the water tube 30 At the cylinder's bottom, there is a hole fixing the pipe 28 leading to the basin 31 to allow flowing the water mixture (noxious acid...) into the basin 31. On the top of the cylinder, there is a hole 15A or 15B for exhausting the clean air or reticulating CO to another absorber. Both cylinders 25A,25B must be efficient in containing the noxious gases and vapours within 60 seconds.

For example: the ejector 22 propels into the cylinder 25A,25B 3 litres/second, then the cylinder 25A,25B's volume should be: 3 litres times 60 seconds 180 litres Beside that, the cylinder 25A,25B already contains a quantity 25 of water which is equal to about 1/3 of the cylinder's volume, therefore the efficient volume for the cylinder 25A,25B would be: 180 litres plus (180 litres 3 240 litre Supposing the cylinder's height is 1.2 meters, then the cylinder's radius will be: Square root of (240 3.14 1.2 0.2523 meters (round off 0.26 m) so that, the cylinder's dimension is: 1.2 metres height snd 0.52 meters diameter.

I

Prevention Of Air Pollution By Noxious Gasos and Vapours 6. The holes 15A ,15B and the covers 16A,16B: On the top of each cylinder 25A,25B has a hole 15A, 15B to allow the cleaned air to exhaust. These holes (15A, 15B, about 10 cm diameter) are closed or opened by the covers 16A,16B. The cover 16A of the cylinder 25A will be opened at the 91st second and closed at the 110th second, to calculate from the first second receiving the fumes of the cylinder 25A. It opens for only 20 seconds and then closes. This means, it closes in 10 seconds earlier before the next receiving fumes .0 of the cylinder 25A. The cover 16B of the cylinder 25B has the same function. In the event that the scrubbed gas contains carbon monoxide, it is reticulated to a downstream carbon monoxide absorber.

7. The rollers 27A,27B: These two rollers are the same shape and function. The roller 27A or 27B is fixed inside of the cylinder 25A,25B, and fit in between two ends of the cylinder by bearings. The body of the roller is cylindrical and S* hollow, its diameter about 5 cm. It has a blade 17 mounted on it and looks like a drill. The length of this blade 17 is *o shorter than the length inside of the cylinder 25A,25B by about 1 cm at each end. It is about 2 mm in thickness and 23 cm width (depend on the diameter of the cylinder 25A,25B).

It has many small holes about 1 cm diameter. These small 25 holes are about 4 cm apart. The roller's speed can be between 1000 R.P.M and 1500 R.P.M. It is rolled by an automatic machine within 30 seconds, beginning at the Gist second and stopping at the 90th second. This means, after the cylinder o :3 25A receives the gases within 60 seconds then the lock 24A 30 closes and the roller 27A begins to roll within 30 seconds then stops. After that, the cover 16A opens for 20 seconds to allow the cleaned air to exhaust to the atmosphere, then closes. The roller 27B of the cylinder 25B also has the same function and process. Air containing CO is reticulated downstream.

8. The valves 28A,28B: The valve 28A is fixed at the bottom of the cylinder 25A and the valve 28B of the cylinder 25B is Provontion or Air Pollution By Noxious Gaios nnd Vapours the same. After the cylinder 25A works in 3570 seconds (or 59 minutes and 30 seconds) then the valve 28A opens for the mixture(carbonic acid...) flowing into the basin 31. The valve 28A opens only 20 seconds then closes, it opens at the 3571 st second and closes at the 3590th second. The valve 28B of the cylinder 25B has the same function, this means the valve 28B opens at the 3631 st second and closes at the 3650th second. They are worked by an automatic machine.

9. The locks 26A and 26B: The lock 26A will be opened at the 3601 st second for the water flowing into the cylinder 25A and it closes at the 3630th second. This means, after the valve 28A closes, then 19 seconds later the lock 26A opens for the water flowing into the cylinder 25A, the lock 26A opens within 30 seconds then closes. It continues with the cycle of 60 minutes. It opens for 30 seconds and then closes. The lock 26B of the cylinder 25B has the same function, this mans the lock 26B opens at the 3661 st second and closes at the 3690th second. They are worked by an automatic machine.

The basin 31: The basin 31 is divided to 3 storeys: the first storey 19 contains the water mixture which is exhausted by two cylinders 25A and 25B. A clean air vent 25 29 is set on the top of the basin 31.

the second storey is a micro filter 13 for arresting the solid particles in the mixture. This filter can be *oo* cleaned at anytime if necessary.

C the third storey 18 contains the clean water filtered by the micro filter 13 allows recycling of the water by pump 32 back to cylinder 25A,25B.

Referring to the drawing 4/6 shows the schematic diagram of the With Water or Liquid Chemicals method.

C-)iA:L- Provontion of Air Pollution By Noxious Gasos and Vapours 12 The noxious gases (for example CO,CO2...) are pushed into the cylinder 25A,25B within 60 seconds. Then they are immersed and absorbed in the water within 30 seconds by the turning of the roller 27A,27B. At this stage the chemical reaction is: For the carbon dioxide react with water

CO

2

H

2 C0 3 After that, the mixture (tars, hydrocarbons, is filtered by the micro filter 13 to make the water in the third storey ready to recycle. The carbon monoxide CO is transported downstream by means of tubes and pipes to a carbon monoxide absorber.

e

Claims

1. Method for the prevention of air pollution by noxious gases and vapours which comprises, -passing the mixture into a plurality of compartments in rotation ,with a set period for distribution to each compartment, allowing the condensable gases and vapour to condense and any particles to settle, and reticulating the remaining gases to the atmosphere or to a liquid absorption unit.

2. Method according to Claim 1, in which the plurality of compartments are constituted by a radially divided vertical cylinder.

3. Method according to Claim 1, in which the plurality of .compartments are separated, segregated cylinders of variable 20 size and shape.

4. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the '2ee liquid absorption unit consists of at least one driven perforated Archimedean screw enclosed in at least one sealed 25 cylinder and in bearings in the centre of both ends of said at least one cylinder, with two overhead inlets for each cylinder, one at either end, one for incoming untreated gases and the other for liquid absorbent. 30

5. Method according to Claims 4, in which the liquid absorption unit consists of two driven perforated Archimedean screws in two sealed cylinders.

6. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the noxious gases and vapours gases consists of amongst others, CO, C02, SOx, NOx, vaporised tars together with dust, soot, ashes and other particles. Provonlion Ofrir Pollution By Noxfouu Gasos and Vapours

7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the noxious vapours and gases are derived from the following sources: manufacturing industries stacks, motor vehicle exhausts, train exhausts, maritime steam and smoke emissions, aeroplane emissions, incinerator emissions, static engine emissions, ship emissions, in house, stove and furnace pipes, air conditioning systems.

8. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, set period is 5 minutes. in which the 00 SO 0 S *505 :5 55* 0 S *005 55*5 0 *50 *0S* S S S 00 os S S S 0

9. Method according to Claim 1, in which the set calculated according to the following table: period is Period of the receiving The number of cylinders and chambers depend on the period of the pollution gases 300 seconds 1 Cy times 16 C, or 2 Cy times 8 C, or 4 Cy times 4 C 240 seconds 1 Cy times 20 C, or 2 Cy times

10 C, or 4 Cy times 5 C 180 seconds 1 Cy times 26 C, or 2 Cy times 13 C 120 seconds 1 Cy times 38 C, or 2 Cy times 19 C, or 19 Cy times 2 C 60 seconds 1 Cy times 76 C, or 2 Cy times 38 C, or 4 Cy times 19 C foot note: Cy Cylinder C Chamber g q__C~ Provonllon Of Air Pollution By Noxious Gnsos and Vapours Method according to Claim 6, in which the dust, soot, ashes and other particles are allowed to settle at the bottom of the cylinder into a sealed repository consisting of retractable drawers and windows.

11. Method according to claim 4 or 5, in which the remaining gases can be reticulated to the liquid absorption area by means of pipes and pumps.

12. Method according to claim 6, in which the liquid absorbent, after use is dusted into cylinder, filtered through a micro filter, and the resultant micro filtrate is recycled back to the absorbers. 15 15 *0~ a 0 I eoe e~* 20 o 0 e* eo 25 o e o

13. Apparatus for carrying out the method of any one of Claims 1 to 12 comprising a plurality of compartments, each compartment being closed at the top with the exception of a vent hole for reticulation of gas to the absorber or venting to air, each compartment being terminated at its bottom by a vertical trap, each compartment being associated with a circular distribution valve, said circular distribution valve being so structured and controlleld as to pass the gases into each compartment equally in turn, an inlet pipe for each compartment associated with said valve, said inlet pipe being connected to the source of the polluting gases and vapours.

14. Apparatus for carrying out the method of any one of Claims 1 to 10 which comprises a vertical cylinder, radially divided into 1. plurality of compartments, each compartment being closed at the top with the exception of a vent hole for reticulation of gas to the absorber or venting to air, the compartments at the bottom of the cylinder converging by means of a taper to smaller radii, the compartments being terminated at their bottom end by a series of vertical traps, a circular distribution valve, so structured and controlled as to pass the gases and vapours into each compartment equally in turn, an inlet pipe for each compartment associated with said valve, said inlet pipe being curved 9~ L- C Provonlion or Air Pollution By Noxious Gaooa and Vapours radially outwards in the form of a said inlet pipe being connected to the source of the polluting gases and vapours.

Apparatus according to Claim 13 or Claim 14, wherein the inlet pipe for the cylinder is associated with a pump

16. Apparatus according to Claim 13 or Claim 14, wherein each vertical trap consists of a fluid tight sealed chamber, with retractable drawer and an observation window.

17. Apparatus according to Claim 13 or Claim 14, in which, the vent holes are connected to pipes for reticulation of noxious gases to at least one absorption unit. 15

18. Apparatus according to Claim 17, wherein the absorption unit consists of at least one driven perforated Archimedean screw enclosed in a sealed cylinder and set in bearings in the centre of both ends of the cylinder, with two inlets, one at either end, one for incoming untreated gases and the other for liquid absorbent.

19. Apparatus according to Claim 17 or Claim 18, wherein there are two absorption units connected in parallel and operating alternately.

20. Apparatus according to Claim 18 or Claim 19, which additionally incorporates a basin fitted with a micro filter at its half-full level, connected to the absorption unit(s), with return pipes to the absorption unit(s), for the purpose of ,cycling clean absorbent liquid.

21. Apparatus according to Claim 18 or Claim 19, in which the absorption units are fitted with an outlet on the top of the cylinder for emergency pressure release.

22. Apparatus according to Claim 21, in which the outlets are connected by tubes or pipes to a downstream carbon monoxide (CO) absorber. Provontion Of Air Pollution By Noxious Gasoo and Vapoura

23. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 13 to 22, application to any one of the following pollution sources: manufacturing industries stacks, motor vehicle exhausts, train exhausts, maritime steam and smoke emissions, aeroplane emissions, incinerator emissions, static engine emissions, ship emissions, in house, stove and furnace pipes, air conditioning systems. for C. 15

24. Apparatus perforated propellers according to Claim Archimedean screw instead. 18, is wherein the one driven replaced with 6 to 8 C VAN THOIPHUNG (Nam- e ofApplicant) (Name of-4pplicant) 21 September 1993 (Date) Provontlon Of Air Pollution By Noxious Gasot and Vapour ABSTRACT: The Prevention of Pollution by Noxious gases and Vapours is effected by precipitating the condensable gas, dust, tar, soot and ash in a vertical compartment and collecting them at the base of the structure. The remaining gases if noxious are passed out of the compartment and into an absorption unit and if harmless are vented to the atmosphere. Noxious gases remaining after the absorption unit are passed downstream to a further absorption unit, if harmless are also vented to the atmosphere. In FIG 1, noxious gases and vapours from factory stack 5 are passed off through a side pipe 7 by means of an ejector 8 into a distributor, which includes plates 11 and then into a number of 15 compartments or chambers C1,C2,C3,...etc in cylinder 1 with a set period of distribution to each compartment or chamber. The condensable such as tar, as well as the dust, ash, soot etc gravitate to the bottom of each compartment C1,C2,C3,... where they are collected in traps, each trap consisting of a sealed 20 window 4 and drawer 3, which is periodically removed and replaced. Gases such as C02, SOx and NOx as well as CO if present, are passed out of the chamber via exit 12 by tube or pipe to absorption units downstream as described above. Two e4 S: absorption units for C02,SOx, and NOx with rotary perforated

25 Archimedean screws and recycling arrangements which include a S micro filter are also disclosed.