AU655500B2 - Method for applying hard weld metal to divided components of an annular unit by multi-layer welding - Google Patents

Method for applying hard weld metal to divided components of an annular unit by multi-layer welding Download PDF

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Publication number
AU655500B2
AU655500B2 AU24512/92A AU2451292A AU655500B2 AU 655500 B2 AU655500 B2 AU 655500B2 AU 24512/92 A AU24512/92 A AU 24512/92A AU 2451292 A AU2451292 A AU 2451292A AU 655500 B2 AU655500 B2 AU 655500B2
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welding
components
layer
divided
applying
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AU2451292A (en
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Shigeaki Sugioka
Hisao Yoshida
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Kurimoto Ltd
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Kurimoto Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Description

Po ri Aft MW0
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION NAME OF APPLICANT(S): Kurimoto, Ltd.
ADDRESS FOR SERVICE: DAVIES COLLISON CAVE Patent Attorneys 1 Little Collins Street, Melbourne, 3000.
nan a a o a an o n 4a a on a a a occo pan oi o oo r r 1 i INVENTION TITLE:
I
ci "Method for applying hard weld metal to divided components of an annular unit by multi-layer welding".
The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:-
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\i2~ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION i. Field of the Invention: The present invention relates to a method for applying multi-layer welding, for example, to a worn surface of a divided type table or roller for use in large-sized vertical roll mill and the like.
2. Prior Art: In large-sized vertical roll mills used for adjusting pulverized coal consumed as boiler fuel in thermal power plants or for milling cement clinker, the diameter of a table or a roll may be up to 5 meters, and a large-scale installation will be required for casting such a large diameter annular unit in one piece. For assembling such annular unit or replacing it after abrasion thereof, further large-scale equipment and working procedures are required.
Therefore, a method has been heretofore popularly employed in which several divided components or members are preliminary formed to be assembled into the required annular unit. More specifically, referring to Figures 6(A) and showing a divided type table and Figures 7(A) and showing a divided type roll, these divided type roll, table and/or table liner t I I 940817,p:\oper\ph,24512-92227,2 r, i I t-.
i~ -3are operated under conditions of severe abrasion. To be resistant to such severe abrasion, the table or roll is generally formed by casting a high abrasion resistant metallic material such as 27% Cr cast iron, for example. It is to be noted, however, that such abrasion resistance is not always required for every part of the table or roll, but is required for covering only a related surface contacting the raw material and strongly rubbed and scratched thereby.
Accordingly, multi-layer welding with hard metal can be advantageously applied only to the portion where it is truly required. It is also advantageous to apply such multi-layer welding in a superposing manner to a portion worn during operation, thereby recovering almost the same contact surface condition as a new table.
It has been heretofore customarily been carried out that before a new table is assembled and put into actual use, several divided parts thereof are separately manufactured employing a material of easy casting, then a multi-layer welding is applied separately to the abrasion surface of each of the divided parts with a hard metal. In this case, since the necessary multi-layer welding is separately applied onto the respective parts, there is no specific welding method to be particularly recommendable, but any of the known submerged arc welding, CO 2 gas shield arc welding, inert gas arc welding and the like can be equally utilized. In most cases, respective parts for which welding has been completed are 940817,p:\oper\ph,24512-92.227,3 r ~Lc I i i 1 placed on the main body of the apparatus and combined one another to be delivered in the form of a one-piece annular table or roll. It has been also popularly carried out to apply a multi-layer welding with a hard metal to the surface indented due to abrasion, and in which case manner of applying the multi-layer welding is almost the same.
In order to carry out the multi-layer welding more efficiently, it may be an idea, whether it is a new table or a used table to be reconditioned, that individual components such as divided parts of a table are planed on a base plate in such a manner as to form the same shape as the annular unit obtained after assembling, and a multi-layer welding is applied continuously to the annular surface of abrasion.
For carrying out such multi-layer welding, the base plate on which divided table is placed is rotated slowly in conformity with welding speed so that welding beads are put continuously from the torch of a set of automatic welding machines as if a needle was put in contact with a record disc, which may be said to be one of the efficient methods known for multi-layer welding.
In the mentioned multi-layer welding applied to the abrasion surface of divided parts, whether the welding is applied separately to individual divided parts one after another or continuously to the parts placed forming one annular unit on a base plate, it is natural that abrasion resistance is more improved if harder metal is employed for SI U
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C 1 Ci ii 940817,p:\oper\phh,2452-92227,4 the welding. As is well known, however, the harder the metal is, the lower the toughness thereof is, and it is a serious disadvantage of a harder metal not being able to be resistant to shrinkage stress produced at the time of multi-layer welding, easily resulting in production or occurrence of underbead cracks. Because of the occurrence of underbead cracks, the risk of spalling off the deposited overlayer increases when the hardness of welding metal is increased.
As a result, the hardness of the overlayer after deposition has been heretofore obliged to be limited to not higher than Hv600 in spite of insufficient abrasion resistance. The thickness of the multi-layer weld is also obliged to be limited to about 2 to 3 layers (6 to 10 mm), which is insufficient to provide optimum abrasion resistance.
Since the mentioned essential problems have not been solved yet, it will be easily understood that there arise ,o o further derivative problems when employing a further multilayer welding method wherein divided components are placed 0 0 side by side forming an annular shape and a continuous welding is applied thereto, and then the annular shape is divided or parted again into separate components on which overlaying has been completed, and finally assembled into a solid annular 0 l unit which is a final product. That is, to divide the welded J_ multi-layer formed commonly on divided type components along 25 the boundary therebetween, it is required to apply either a mechanical external force or a local melting by heat for 94817p:\oper\phh,2452-92.227,5 Ohl
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i -6separation or parting. In this regard, "mechanical external force" means application of static or dynamic pressure to the boundary surface by, for example, means of hydraulic or air cylinder, and "local melting" means parting by means of air arc, gouging, plasma. In the case of the melting method, however, since an instantaneous heat is abruptly applied to the boundary surface, there is a high possibility of changes in the micro structure and of the growth of cracks. Moreover, as shown in Figure 8, a V-shaped groove section is formed in the portion parted by local melting. Every such V-shaped groove section may be an indented joint when arranging the divided type components forming a solid annular unit, and there is a high possibility of concentration of abrasion or wear on such V-shaped grooves. A further disadvantage exists in that in spite of occurrence of underbead cracks taking place irregularly in most cases, no particular trend can be certainly predicted with respect to the places of such underbead cracks, and if the underbead cracks take place in the inner layer alone, it is almost impossible to visually find them from the external appearance. In spite of such uncertainty, the entire annular unit must be parted into the required parts by applying heat abruptly or an external force to the boundary surface between one part and another. In other words, in the overlaid multi-layer, a broken-out section tends to extend irregularly along the underbead crack in every welded layer, rather than along the boundary surface of the I, S
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1; -7base plate located thereunder. Accordingly, an irregular, uneven and sharp end face of the overlaid layer may remain in the boundary surface of each divided part obtained after the division, and portions protruding out of the boundary surface must be cut away by grinder or the like. On the other hand, any overlaid layer which is indented from the boundary surface a surface indented from the expected abrasion surface, is an uneffective or useless surface from the viewpoint of milling. Such indented overlaid layer on the surface can be said to be defective as a welded multi-layer. Consequently, it becomes sometimes necessary to rearrange or recondition the indented portions including cracks formed as a result of such defective overlaying in order to eliminate the possibility of spalling off.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention was made to alleviate the abovediscussed problems.
The method for applying hard weld metal to divided components of an annular unit by multi-layer welding according to the invention comprises the steps of: placing the divided components to be welded side by side forming an annular shape with a gap of 1 to 10 mm between adjacent components; limiting a heat input J, at the time of applying multilayer welding onto a base metal surface of the components, to
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-8be in the range of 2000 to 6000J/cm; said heat input J being calculated by J 60 x I x E/v where: J is heat input E is arc voltage I is welding current and v is welding speed; and limiting the interpass temperature to not higher than 300 0 C at all times so that a large number of fine cracks are evenly and dispersely produced on a bead of deposited hard weld metal in a direction perpendicular to the bead; and parting the adjacent components into separate components substantially along the surface of said gap by applying a load to the gap.
With regard to specific welding type, it is preferable that full automatic open arc welder is employed, that a flux core wire is employed to be used in this welder, and that a high speed wire feeding device capable of feeding up to 3000cm/min is employed in this welding process.
Thus, a multi-laying welding is achieved, in which hardness of overlaying hard metal may exceed at least Hv600, and not only the number of overlaying layers is not specifically limited but also thickness thereof is permitted to be freely selected.
To achieve the mentioned over-layer -elding, it is preferable that the hard metal is composed of, by weight, C:3.0 to Si:0.5 to Mn:0.5 to CR:20.0 to 35.0% and optionally up to 2% of at least one component I1 ji c 4 C 46 i C 940817,p:\oper\pbb24512-92.227,8
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7' I I selected among Mo, W, V, Zr, Ti, B, Nb, Cd, Co, Al, remainder Fe; or C:3.0 to Si:0.5 to Mn:0.5 to V:10.0 to 20.1%, W:3.0 to 10.0% and optionally up to 2% of at last one component selected among Mo, Zr, Ti, B, Nb, Cd, Co, Al, remainder Fe.
In the welding process of above arrangement according to the invention, fine cracks are dispersed or distributed evenly and in large number in the direction perpendicular to welding stress on every deposit, whereby stress around the cracks is reduced to the extent that residual welding stress on every bead is substantially ignorable. Utilizing the fact that these fine cracks have a certain directivity, divided components are placed side by side forming an annular shape and continuous welding is applied thereto. Then the annularly placed components on which multi-layer welding has been completed can be parted into individual components in such a manner as to form a smooth and plain longitudinal side surface in every component.
Welding stress has been heretofore a serious problem, because deposit of welding portion brings about a shrinkage stress as a result of cooling and solidification, and there is a remarkable difference in physical properties of material (such as strength, hardness, toughness) between deposit and base metal in hardfacing. Hence stress is concentrated on boundary portion therebetween to produce large cracks after all resulting in spalling off. To meet the situation, several Id ;4X 940817,p:oper\ph,2451292.227,9 o'r b~1 1-~r;i i t :f i 'I -L~ r i i i i
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C u ~I i It 3i attempts have been proposed as mentioned above to achieve intentionally even dispersion of fine cracks. The present invention has accomplished this desired function by a novel concept of limiting the interpass temperature to be not higher than 300*C and limiting the heat input J to be in the range of 2000 to 6000J/cm.
It has been generally understood that a higher interpass temperature during welding is more desirable in view of increasing toughness thereby preventing occurrence of large 10 cracks. For that purpose, the fact is that rather difficult steps have been obliged to be taken to perform preheating at high temperature and keep the welding temperature also high during the welding process. In this sense, the inven-. on may be said a kind of changeover of one's way of thinking.
15 Further, with respect to the heat input J, any of conventionally accepted values is largely different ri;r)m that (2000 to 6000J/cm) of the present invention. For example, it is shown in known literatures that appropriate value is 18000(J/cm) for manual welding with covered electrode, 20 15000(J/cm) for semi-automatic welding with solid wire, 30000(J/cm) for submerged arc welding, and 67000(J/cm) for surfacing with strip electrode.
Heat input according to the invention is limited to be not less than 2000J/cm because it becomes substantially impossible to carry out overlaying with less than this heat input due to poor melting rate of metal by the arc. On the 940817,pAc7l A. 1 ,412-92.227,1O 6 M 0394G T 1 509(D kiI -11 other hand, if heat input is over 6000 J/cm, thickness per bead given by overlaying becomes excessively large thereby enlarging a gap between one crack and another. Consequently, a large and deep crack is produced at each location, which brings about increase in residual stress in the bead between cracks. Such cracks are easy to grow eventually resulting in spalling off. To overcome such a disadvantage, the mentioned unique values are established in the invention as upper limit.
If the interpass temperature is over 300°C, solidification speed of pool of deposited metal is delayed thereby enlarging dimensions of crack on the welding beads while decreasing the number of cracks resulting in increase in residual stress between one crack and another. Therefore, 300 0 °C is an established upper limit in the invention.
Each gap secured between one divided component and another placed annularly side by side before the multi-layer welding is defined to 1 to 10mm. If the gap is less than imm, when applying an external force to the welded boundary portion after completing the multi-layer welding, the external force will not act only on the welded layer, resulting in the necessity of an extremely large load for parting. On the other hand, if the gap is more than 10mm, the arc will discontinue at the time of welding whereby the required large number of fine cracks are not produced, the welding requirements are not satisfied.
The overlaid layer obtained by the multi-layer welding with a hard metal applied to a divided type annular unit according to the invention is largely harder and thicker than 940817,p:\oper\phh.24512-92Z-7,1l ii L _1 I i i
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-12that obtained by the multi-layer welding method according to the prior art carried out for the same purpose, which means a considerable improvement in abrasion resistance and life thereof. Furthermore, since the deposit speed is very high in the welding, working efficiency is also highly improved.
Welding machine is simplified and portable, which permits to carry the welding machine easily to everywhere and perform the S ii 940817,p:\operpbh,24512-92-227,12 tvt-u±iy ciau uisperse±y proaucea on a bead of deposited hard weld metal in a direction perpendicular to the bead; and parting the adjacent components into separate components ./2 u 4,i t I t 1r i ii
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i 1 i required overlaying at the spot. When multi-layer welding is applied to common layer of respective divided components to be welded and parted later into respective component after completing the multi-layer welding, a further advantage is enjoyed such that a relatively small load is quite sufficient to be applied for forming a divided end face almost in conformity with longitudinal side face of each component thereby parting the welded annularly placed components, and finishing process can be easily and simply performed by manual work for obtaining a satisfiable appearence as final product.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the course of the following descripgiven by way of exaiple cnly tion of the preferred embodimentAwith reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings forming a part of the present application, Figures 1(A) and are a longitudinal sectional 20 front view and a longitudinal sectional side view respectively showing an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a macroscopic photograph showing a metallic structure of the same embodiment; Figure 3 is a plan view showing an example of e i i I I i Ir-11-l-i rrr~r~ o v Cr 1 41 it 1814 oiI 4 4% A r /1 If-L j i: i
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parting; Figure 4 is a plan view showing another example; Figure 5 is a front view showing a further example; Figures 6(A) and are a plan view and a longitudinal sectional front view respectively showing a divided type table; Figures 7(A) and are plan view and a longitudinal sectional front view respectively showing a divided type roll; and Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a problem according to the prior art.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Several embodiments are hereinafter described.
With regard to welding machine, a full-automatic open arc 15 welder is most prefereably used. Because welding using this open arc welder is easily performed without addition of any shielding gas and flux, and not only the welder itself is simple but also arrangement of the entire welding equipment including auxiliary jigs (manipulator, positioner, etc.) is simplified and portable. Flux cored wire is preferably employed as core wize used in the full-automatic open arc welding. This flux cored wire is composed of a thin strip steel plate formed into a pipe in the hollow part of which fine particle alloy components, deoxidizer, gas generating components are mixedly i.i
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l t.Ni. a ooo o o ov oo re 0 09 o o 9 a 6 r inserted to form a wire. Accordingly, outer peripheral steel portion of this cored wire has a property of very large current density as compared with solid wire, and of which melting speed is very high.
Further, to utilize the mentioned property, it is preferable to employ a four wheel drive high speed wire feeder in the welding machine capable of feeding up to 3000cm/min in place of the conventional speed of more or less 600cm/min.
As a result of selecting the mentioned flux cored wire, alloy elements to be used in multi-layer welding can be selected from a wide range thereof, and it is now possible to select any component and/or hardness most suitable for individual wear conditions. In this 15 respect, it to be noted again that multi-layer welding according to the prior arts has allowed, at maximum, only up to Hv600 in hardness, and 2 to 3 layers in number of layers of which largest height is in the range .of 6 to 10mm. On the other hand, in the present i n. tntien;R, when performing the same multi-layer welding as the prior method, a high hard overlaying of Hv600 to 1000 can be formed at any desired thickness.
As representative components for the multi-layer welding according to the invention, following materials by (vg can be employed C:3.0 to Si:0.5 to
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i i w -16to CR:20.0 to 35.0% and optionally up to 2% of at least one component selected among Mo, W, V, Zr, Ti, B, Nb, Cd, Co, Al, remainder Fe; or C:3.0 to Si:0.5 to Mn:0.5 to V:10.0 to 20.0%, W:3.0 to 10.0% and 5 optionally up to 2% of at least one component selected among Mo, Zr, Ti, B, Nb, Cd, Co, Al, remainder Fe.
Figures 1(A) and schematically show a result achieved by performing the multi-layer welding according to the mentioned requirements. In the drawings, lower part is a divided component and upper part is a deposited multi-layer in which a large number of fine cracks are produced in the direction perpendicular to the direction of bead at 5 to pitches for each layer as if a mosaic was accumulatively formed. Figure 2 is a macroscopic photograph showing the reality the metallic structure of Figure 1, and in which fine cracks are clearly found spreading over the full width of each bead. Requirements for achieving the state shown in this photograph are as follows: Components of flux cored wire: Fe base containing 27%Cr and others.
Welding conditions: Welding current 400Amp 4* S dr 940817,p:\oper\phh,24512-92.227,16 44 i c -i Welding voltage 28V Travelling speed 180cm/min Interpass temperature 300°C Heat input J 3700J/cm Shielding gas, preheating, afterheating: not required There is no particular limitation with regard to the external force for parting the annular unit formed by annularly placed components after completing the multilayer welding applied to the abrasion surface thereof.
It is, however, preferable to employ an arrangement as is illustrated in Figure 3, in which a hydraulic pump 1 is o"o« disposed in the internal hollow part of an annular unit 0°0 0 f to apply a hydraulic pressure thereto for parting by 00. 15 stationary compression. Figure 4 shows an example in which a steel bar is perpendicularly put in contact with lateral side portion of the welded layer formed by multi- .o layer welding, said lateral side portion being a boundary divided of one -iv4ded- component and another, so that a dynamic impact force such as air hammer is given perpendicularly to the bead. Figure 5 shows a further example in which 0 o divided components are supported in the air by spacers 4 putting a boundary therebetween, and a shearing force is applied to the layers formed by multi-layer welding right above the boundary by actuating a hydraulic press 3.
17 e i i i--r It is to be understood that the form of the present invention herein shown and described is to be taken as a preferred examples of the same and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts maye be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.
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Claims (9)

1. A method for applying hard weld metal to divided components of an annular unit by multi-layer welding, comprising the steps of: placing the divided components to be welded side by side forming an annular shape with a gap of 1 to 10mm between adjacent components; limiting a heat input J, at the time of applying multi- layer welding onto a base metal surface of the components, to be in the range of 2000 to 6000J/cm; said heat input J being calculated by J 60 x I x E/v where: J is heat input E is arc voltage I is welding current and v is welding speed; and limiting the interpass temperature to not higher than 300*C at all times so that a large number of fine cracks are evenly and dispersely produced on a bead of deposited hard weld metal in a direction perpendicular to the bead; and 20 parting the adjacent components into separate components 00 9 0 substantially along the surface of said gap by applying a load to the gap. 0 0 0
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein full-automatic open arc welding is employed.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein flux cored wire is employed as a core wire used in the full-automatic open arc 940817,poper\phi,24512-92-227,19 L- Y------LIII rr I i a: welding.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein a high speed wire feeder capable of feeding the wire up to 3000cm/min is employed.
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hardness of the hard metal used in the multi-layer welding is at least Hv600.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein said hard metal used for overlaying is composed of, by weight, C:3.0 to to Mn:0.5 to CR:20.0 to 35.0% and optionally up to 2% of at least one component selected among Mo, W, V, Zr, Ti, B, Nb, Cd, Co, Al; remainder Fe.
7. A method according to claim 5, wherein said hard metal used for overlaying is composed of, by weight, C:3.0 to Si:0.5 to Mn:0.5 to V:10.0 to 20.0%, W:3.0 to 20 10.0%; optionally up to 2% of at least one component selected among Mo, W, V, Zr, Ti, B, Nb, Cd, Co, Al; remainder Fe.
8. A method for applying hard weld metal to divided components of an annular unit by multi-layer welding, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings. t o I 141 4t I 4 C' 4Ut1 4tt( Btjj C C 4r 940817,p:\oper\phh,24512-92227,20 1 1 -e i r-i Ir
9. An article to which a multi-layer welded coating has been applied by the method of any one of the preceding claims. this 17th day of August, 1994. KURIMOTO, LTD. By its Patent Attorneys DAVIES COLLISON CAVE *'I4 940817,p:\oper\pbh,24512-92.27,214 0 00 0 8* 0 04 0 0 04 *8 0 0.4 00 0 o 0O ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention intends to provide a method for applying multi-layer welding onto abrasion surface of divided type table or roll incorporated in vertical roll mill. Multi-layer achieved by the welding is suffi- ciently high in hardness, large in layer thickness and smooth in divided surface as compared with prior arts. For that purpose, divided components to be welded are placed side by side forming an annular shape with a gap of 1 to 10mm between one component and another; a heat input J (calculated by 60 x arc voltage V x welding current A/welding speed cm/min) is limited to be in the range of 2000 to 6000J/cm; interpass temperature is also limited to be not higher than 300°C so that a large number of fine cracks are dispersed in a direction perpendicular to the bead; and the annularly placed components are parted into separate components sub- stantially along the surface of the gap by applying a mechanical external force to the gap. Hardness and thickness of overlayer formed by this multi-layer welding are advantageously superior to any known ones and life of overlayer is prolonged. A further advantage is exhibited such that a relatively small mechanical external force is sufficient for forming a divided end face almost in conformity with longitudinal side face of each component thereby parting the overlaid components, and finishing process can be easily and simply performed by manual work. I I
AU24512/92A 1992-06-15 1992-09-15 Method for applying hard weld metal to divided components of an annular unit by multi-layer welding Ceased AU655500B2 (en)

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JP4181765A JP2518126B2 (en) 1992-06-15 1992-06-15 Multi-layer build-up welding method of high hardness metal of split type annular body
JP4-181765 1992-06-15

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AU655500B2 true AU655500B2 (en) 1994-12-22

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Cited By (1)

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DE19733273C2 (en) * 1997-08-01 2001-08-16 Verschleis Technik Dr Ing Hans Wear part
US20040238780A1 (en) * 2003-06-02 2004-12-02 Gethmann Doug P. Control valve with integrated hardened valve seat
JP5845989B2 (en) * 2011-03-18 2016-01-20 新日鐵住金株式会社 Welding method of heat-processed steel sheet
JP6233073B2 (en) * 2014-02-06 2017-11-22 新日鐵住金株式会社 Reproduction method of continuous casting roll with slit
CN108145340B (en) * 2017-12-22 2020-09-29 珠海弘德表面技术有限公司 High-temperature-resistant abrasive-particle-wear-resistant welding wire for distribution chute and preparation method
CN113664340B (en) * 2021-07-16 2022-10-18 河南北方红阳机电有限公司 Welding method for grooved ring assembly in thin-wall high-strength steel cylindrical shell assembly

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105195925A (en) * 2014-06-11 2015-12-30 上海司迈尔特种合金材料有限公司 Carbon dioxide arc welding wire with small diameter of 1.6 mm and high alloy content

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KR940000200A (en) 1994-01-03
JP2518126B2 (en) 1996-07-24
JPH0679455A (en) 1994-03-22
KR100254031B1 (en) 2000-04-15

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