AU652750B2 - Organic manure and sugar-type carbohydrate-containing fertilizer granules - Google Patents
Organic manure and sugar-type carbohydrate-containing fertilizer granulesInfo
- Publication number
- AU652750B2 AU652750B2 AU77414/91A AU7741491A AU652750B2 AU 652750 B2 AU652750 B2 AU 652750B2 AU 77414/91 A AU77414/91 A AU 77414/91A AU 7741491 A AU7741491 A AU 7741491A AU 652750 B2 AU652750 B2 AU 652750B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- manure
- fertilizer composition
- mixture
- dehydrator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000263375 Vanilla tahitensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003621 hammer milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Description
FERTILIZER COMPOSITION AND METHOD This invention relates to fertilizer compositions and to a process for the manufacture of fertilizer compositions.
This invention has particular but not exclusive application to the manufacture of slow release manure fertilizers and the like and for illustrative purposes reference will be made to such application. However it is to be understood that this invention could be applied in other applications such as manure based stock feeds or any other manure product. Manure fertilizers are known to provide excellent results in terms of nitrogen and phosphorous yields and accordingly find wide traditional use. With the advent of large scale broiler and egg production there has been made available a large quantity of the raw manure of considerable value as fertilizer.
One disadvantage of raw poultry manure lies in the high solubility of its mineral content. This high solubility results in the mineral values being excessively leached by rain and surface water when applied to the soil. Also, the very quality of fowl manure in terms of its nitrogen and phosphorus values makes the substance moderately corrosive, with a tendency to "burn" vegetation. This burning tends to occur where excessive local application of the manure occurs, caused by the tendency of the manure to clod together. This inherent disadvantage in the past has been overcome by the use of pelletised slow release compositions of fowl manure. In order to permit pelletisation of the fowl manure it has been found necessary to compost the manure for four to six weeks to effect microbial changes to the structure of the manure after which the manure is pelletised and dried.
The disadvantages of the prior art includes the need to pelletise at all, which has hitherto been considered to be necessary to achieve adequate slow release properties and bulk densities. The requirement for pelletisation has meant that the fowl manure must be composted from four to six weeks
resulting in high storage costs and handling costs of the manure. Not withstanding the composting and pelletisation process the product tends to be malodorous particularly in the presence of moisture. The only effective means of reducing or eliminating the levels of odour causing bacteria is by heating the manure to a temperature in excess of 350°C, at which temperatures organic constitutents of the manure may pyrolyze, thereby reducing the value of the product as a soil conditioning agent. However , this may not in fact result in elimination of the offensive odour.
Additionally, different fertilizer applications require different particle sizes and the need to obtain a spread of particle sizes requires a range of pelletising dyes.
Typically these dyes take several hours to change and are expensive.
The present invention aims to alleviate the above disadvantages and to provide a fertilizer composition and method of manufacture thereof which will be effective in use and economical respectively. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will hereinafter become apparent.
With the foregoing and other objects in view this invention in one aspect resides broadly in a fertilizer composition including an organic manure material, carbohydrate material and water wherein the moisture content of composition is less than 20% by weight and wherein said composition has a fibre content of from 10% to 70% by dry weight.
Preferably the fertilizer composition includes that organic manure material in an amount of from 70 - 90% by dry weight and contains said carbohydrate material in an amount from 30 - 10% by dry weight. Accordingly it is preferred that the fibre content of the composition be provided from one or more of said organic manure material and said carbohydrate. Surprisingly compositions in accordance with the present inventions exhibit little or no odour and have increased
shelf life over prior art pelletised compositions which are inclined to be deliquescent and absorb moisture. The absorbed moisture results in bacterial proliferation and increasing odour. Compositions in accordance with the present invention overcome this inherent deficiency.
Preferably the organic manure material is selected from the group comprising those manures having a relatively high fibre content. For example, breeder and broiler fowl manure, horse, cattle and sheep manure have all been found suitable for use in compositions of the present invention. It is particularly preferred to use broiler fowl manure in compositions of the present invention from the point of view of cost and availability together with the acceptable fibre content of such manure. If desired the fibre content of the manure may be adjusted by the addition of fibre, such as sawdust or the like. It is particularly preferred to utilise composted sawdust the use of which improves processability and texture of the final product. Carbohydrate material may be selected from any suitable material including molasses, processed grease trap wastes, industrial sugar syrups, starches and brewery wastes. It is particularly preferred to utilise molasses in the compositions of the present invention since it has been proved in practice that the use of molasses results in the total elimination of odour of manure from the composition without resort to excessive temperatures in processing causing pyrolysis of the composition.
The moisture content of the composition may be varied within the specified range with it being preferred that the composition have a moisture content of from 5% to 15% by weight of total composition. Although totally dehydrated compositions are contemplated, too little moisture tends to cause problems of wettability and density whereas moisture contents in excess of 20% are to be avoided to improve shelf life of the composition.
Fibre content and fibre mean particle size determines the texture, structures and particle size of the compositions. The use of less than the specified range of fibre in the composition results in the inability of the composition to bind into a suitable slow release composition. The use of excess fibre in the composition results in the failure to form granular slow release fertilizer product. Preferably the fibre content of the composition is from 20- 60% by dry weight. In a further aspect this invention resides in a method of manufacturing a fertilizer composition including the steps of mixing an organic manure material and a carbohydrate material, adjusting the fibre content to from 10% to 70% by dry weight of the mixture and the moisture content to from 20% to 40% by weight of total mixture and dehydrating the mixture to a moisture content of less than 20%, wherein said dehydration step includes heating the mixture to between 200°C to below 350°C.
The moisture content of the mixed manure and carbohydrate material (with or without additional fibre) is preferably maintained in the range specified since the use of a lower moisture content prevents granulation or (prilling of the composition) resulting in excessive fines and dust. The use of a higher moisture content than the range specified results in excessive running costs and large particle sizes. The large particles requiring further processing steps such as hammer milling to produce a suitable product.
The temperature of heating of the mixture is preferably in the specified range since temperatures below 200°C require excessive dehydration times and have an adverse effect on product particle size and particle size distribution. Temperatures in excess of 350°C tend to degrade the values of the product by reducing the chemically bound water content (effecting solubility and dispersability of the product). In addition temperatures in excess of 350°C tend to pyrolyze organic components in the mixture again causing degradation
of the properties.
In a further aspect, this invention resides in apparatus for manufacturing a fertilizer composition and including:- mixing means for providing a mixture of manure material, carbohydrate, additional fibre if required and moisture to yield a composition of from 20% to 40% water and having a fibre content of from 10% to 70% by dry weight, dehydrator means including air heating means for air dehydrating said mixture to a moisture content of less than 20%, and discharge means for discharging said composition from said dehydrator means, wherein said dehydrator means is provided with air flow means adapted to produce an air flow sufficient to force said mixture through said dehydrator means.
Preferably the manure material, carbohydrate, additional fibre if required and moisture are blended in a conventional ribbon mixer to provide a homogeneous blend. The blended product is preferably fed to a horizontal dehydrator with it being particularly preferred that the dehydrator be a rotating dehydrator having a gas, oil or electrically heated air stream feeding into one end of thereof. In one preferred apparatus, extraction fans located at the downstream end of the horizontal dehydrator produce air flow sufficient to draw the product along the dehydrator. Fine material is drawn off through post and pre fan filters and the granular fertilizer product is drawn off in the region of the downstream end of the dehydrator.
It has further been surprisingly determined that compositions in accordance with the present invention and manufactured in accordance with the present process may be inparted with a pleasant residual odour by the application of a normally volatile scenting agent prior to the dehydration step. Whilst it would be expected that the addition of a volatile scenting agent would be of no effect due to the fugitive nature of the substances, it is surmised that the compositions in accordance with the present invention have an adsorbing affinity for the volatile scenting agent. Typical
scenting agents considered for use in conjunction with compositions in accordance with the present invention include oils and essences of fruits and flowers, with it being particularly preferred to use natural or synthetic vanilla essence. The vanilla essence may be used in any quantity as required to obtain the desired scent and will generally amount to between a trace and 0.5% of the dry weight of the composition.
Apparatus suitable for use in the process of manufacturing products in accordance with the present invention is further described such that it may be more easily understood and put into practical effect with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present apparatus. In the Figure 1 there is illustrated apparatus including a tip hopper 10 for receiving manure, carbohydrate and fibre if required. From the base of the hopper 10 the raw materials are conveyed by a conveyor 11 to a clod breaker 12 which reduces clods formed in the manure to a processible particle size. From the clod breaker 12 a second conveyor 13 conveys the material through a sieve 14 which in turn feeds the sieved material to a holding bin 15 via a bucket elevator
16. From the holding bin 15 the material is conveyed to a ribbon mixer 17 where water, adjusting fibre and any other required additives are added during the mixing process.
Fibre material, in this case composted sawdust, is fed in from storage bin 20.
From the mixer 17 the mixture is conveyed via a screw conveyor 21 to a feed conveyor 22 and is thence conveyed into the drying chamber of a horizontal rotating dehydrator 23. The dehydrator 23 includes a burner-fired air heater 24 at the upstream end thereof. Air is drawn downstream through the dehydrator 23 by the action of an exhaust fan 25.
Interposed between the dehydrator chamber 23 and the exhaust fan 25 is the dehydrator outlet 26 at which the dehydrated product material is screwed out of the drum 23 to
be thence conveyed by conveyor 27. The material is then screened through a multi-deck screen 30 and is bagged directly to bulker bags 31 ready for transport.
The bulk of the air flow from the dehydrator drum 23 passes through conduit 32 to dust precipitator cyclone 33 where fines are precipitated and lifted via elevator 34 to storage bins 35 for disposal or other end use. A final filter 36 is interposed in the air flow through air outlet conduit 37 between the cyclone 33 and the fan 25 to provide post filtration of air vented to the atmosphere through vent 40.
It will be of course realised that whilst the above has been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of this invention as defined in the appended Claims.
Claims (14)
1. A fertilizer composition including an organic manure material, carbohydrate material and water wherein the moisture content of composition is less than 20% by weight and wherein said composition has a fibre content of from 10% to 70% by dry weight.
2. A fertilizer composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said organic manure material is selected from the group comprising fowl manure, horse, cattle and sheep manure or mixtures thereof.
3. A fertilizer composition as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said manure is broiler fowl manure.
4. A fertilizer composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the fibre content of the composition is obtained by supplementing the fibre content of the manure material and carbohydrate material by the addition of composted sawdust.
5. A fertilizer composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said organic manure material is present in an amount of from 70% to 90% by dry weight and said carbohydrate is present in an amount from 30% to 10% by dry weight, and wherein said fibre content is provided by one or more of said organic manure material and said carbohydrate material.
6. A fertilizer composition as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein said carbohydrate material is selected from the group comprising molasses, processed grease trap wastes, industrial sugar syrups, starches and brewery wastes or mixtures thereof.
7. A fertilizer composition as claimed in Claim 6, wherein said carbohydrate material is molasses.
8. A fertilizer composition as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein said moisture content is from 5% to 15% by weight of total composition.
9. A fertilizer composition as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the fibre content is from 20% to 60% by dry weight.
10. A method of manufacturing a fertilizer composition including the steps of mixing an organic manure material and a carbohydrate material, adjusting the fibre content to from 10% to 70% by dry weight of the mixture and the moisture content to from 20% to 40% by weight of total mixture and dehydrating the mixture to a moisture content of less than 20%, wherein said dehydration step includes heating the mixture to between 200°C to below 350°C.
11. A method of manufacturing a fertilizer composition as claimed in Claim 10, wherein said mixing step further includes the mixing of 0% to 0.5% by dry weight of mixture of a volatile scenting agent selected from synthetic or natural oils and essences of fruits or flowers.
12. Apparatus for manufacturing a fertilizer composition and including:- mixing means for providing a mixture of manure material, carbohydrate, additional fibre if required and moisture to yield a composition of from 20% to 40% water and having a fibre content of from 10% to 70% by dry weight, dehydrator means including air heating means for air dehydrating said mixture to a moisture content of less than 20%, and discharge means for discharging said composition from said dehydrator means, wherein said dehydrator means is provided with air flow means adapted to produce an air flow sufficient to force said mixture through said dehydrator means.
13. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein said dehydrator means comprises a horizontal rotating dehydrator.
14. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein said dehydrator means is provided with dust removal means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU77414/91A AU652750B2 (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1991-04-22 | Organic manure and sugar-type carbohydrate-containing fertilizer granules |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPJ9937 | 1990-05-03 | ||
| AUPJ993790 | 1990-05-03 | ||
| AU77414/91A AU652750B2 (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1991-04-22 | Organic manure and sugar-type carbohydrate-containing fertilizer granules |
| PCT/AU1991/000150 WO1991017130A1 (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1991-04-22 | Fertilizer composition and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU7741491A AU7741491A (en) | 1991-11-27 |
| AU652750B2 true AU652750B2 (en) | 1994-09-08 |
Family
ID=25638607
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU77414/91A Ceased AU652750B2 (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1991-04-22 | Organic manure and sugar-type carbohydrate-containing fertilizer granules |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU652750B2 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3800078A1 (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-21 | Orvet Bv | Organic fertiliser, process for its preparation, and method for improving the soil |
| EP0285208A1 (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-10-05 | Stichting Kopromix | A process for treating manure and/or waste water sludge, manure granule produced using said process, and a method of fertilizing land |
| EP0314159A1 (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-05-03 | KOVINOTEHNA CELJE n.sol.o. TOZD Inzeiring n.sub.o. | Process for treating animal manure, a high-grade fertilizer according to this process, and its application |
-
1991
- 1991-04-22 AU AU77414/91A patent/AU652750B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3800078A1 (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-21 | Orvet Bv | Organic fertiliser, process for its preparation, and method for improving the soil |
| EP0285208A1 (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-10-05 | Stichting Kopromix | A process for treating manure and/or waste water sludge, manure granule produced using said process, and a method of fertilizing land |
| EP0314159A1 (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-05-03 | KOVINOTEHNA CELJE n.sol.o. TOZD Inzeiring n.sub.o. | Process for treating animal manure, a high-grade fertilizer according to this process, and its application |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7741491A (en) | 1991-11-27 |
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