AU603250B2 - Flat plastic key with rigid torque transfer insert - Google Patents

Description

It 11 it 3 603250 FORM S F Ref: 68903 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

(ORIGINAL)

FOR OFFICE USE: C C C C C Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Class Int Class C, 1 j, v' Priority: Related Art: Name and Address of Applicant: Address for Service: -Donald, Francis Almblad"- C I2aur^.h 5422 East Shaw Butte t-yo*a C.,~otO (5 Scottsdale Arizona 85254 Toa -UNITED STATES OF AMERICA- Spruson Ferguson, Patent Attorneys Level 33 St Martins Tower, 31 Market Street Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia i ii i Complete Specification for the invention entitled: Re4forced ShaiAkPlastic Key L V R;tc\ "T ue_ Tr..is- ?nr seor The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us /V o 5845/3 i i r 1 .REINFORCED SHANK PLASTIC KEY rRfS-RREFERENCE TO RELATED.APPR.I.ATTON This is a continuation-in-part of U-r patent application Serial No. 155,88 i led on February 16, 1988, which is a conti- ation-in-part of U.S. patent application Se~la. No. 091,492 filed on September 3, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to molded plastic a oo keys, whether individual keys, or plastic card/key 0000 Soo combinations on the order of the disclosure in my U.S.

SOo Patent No. 4,677,835 dated July 7, 1987, and is more QUO 0 o particularly concerned with reinforcing such keys 0 0 000 0 15 against breaking at their shanks due to extraordinary 0 o o° o twisting stress applied through the handles of the keys.

o o DESCRIPTION OF RELATED AR: 00 Conventional metal keys for operating tumbler oo 23 locks such as in automobiles, building doors, apparatus o o controls, and the like, have heretofore been generally 0 0 o o° constructed throughout the shank and bit portions, and generally the handles, or head portion of a uniform o 00 thickness common with the bit thickness. Molded 25 plastic keys have also heretofore been constructed of °0 4! substantially uniform thickness throughout their length similar to comparable metal keys.

The key bit must be fairly snuggly fitted in the key slot in the cylinder plug. Looseness of the bit in the key slot might defeat proper engagement of the lock tumblers in the key notches. On the other hand, especially in the USA, to avoid difficulty in quick insertion of the key bit into the slot, the general practice has been to provide enlarged entrance dimensions. This results in the key shank often having f t" 4" no I: .ic 'i i II C- IltY-l ii little if any torque support when subjected to the considerable twisting stress which may occur if for any reason there is resistance to turning of the key in the lock. Such resistance may be variously caused such as by faulty cutting of the key notches, binding due to corrosion or icing, and the like. The general tendency of the user, where there is any such resistance to turning of the key in the lock, is to apply additional torque or twisting force to the key through its handle.

Metal keys will generally withstand such extraordinary twisting stress.

In a normal U.S. automobile ignition or trunk lock, only about three to eight inch pounds of torque (IPT) are necessary to open the lock; non U.S.

automobiles typically require higher torques. A normal uniform thickness molded plastic key will withstand up to eight to nine IPT. If gcreater torque is applied there is danger of breaking tte plastic key shank, An average women can apply up to seven to ten IPT and an average man can apply up to ten to fourteen IPT. Therefore, there has been some key shank breakage experienced in respect to molded plastic keys having a substantially common thickness throughout their lengths.

Molded plastic keys have been disclosed in U.S.

patent of Donald F. Almblad No. 4,637,236, and in U.S.

Patent No. 4,677,835 of the present applicant. In both of those patents the keys are shown as of a common thickness throughout their lengths.

By way of a typical disclosure of a metal key and tumbler lock, U.S. Patent No, 4,656,851 is referred to.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an improved plastics material key 'n-meho-e--rnen-am. The 35 plastics material key of the present invention can be 0 ~r~ used alone, or it can be used in combination with means for holding the key, such as a card-like holder. The improved plastics material key of the present invention includes means for substantially lessening the likelihood that the plastic material key will break or fail when unusual resistance or torque is encountered with the plastics material key is utilized in a lock or the like.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a flat plastic key for actuating a rotary cylindrical tumbler lock having an elongated key receptacle for receiving the key and including a rotary lock face having a rectangular entrance slot with spaced apart side walls, the key and the lock Including alignable longitudinal axes, the plastic key comprising: S°o a) a head for receiving a lock actuating input torque and having an end surface, a head thickness and a head width; b) a shank having a substantially rectangular cross section with "15 substantially parallel sides definig a shank thickness, a width, a length, a first end surface joined to the end surface of the head and a spaced apart second end surface, the shank thickness, width and length configured to enable the shank to extend through the entrance slot of the lock face when the key is fully inserted into the key receptacle to enable the shank to transfer torque from the shank sides to the sidewalls of the lock entrance slot along a key shank to lock entrance slot torque transfer o°%C°IL surface; c) a bit for receiving notches to actuate lock tumblers and including a thickness, a width and a first end surface joined to the second end surface of the shank; d) a shortened groove disposed in a side of the key creating a decreased key thickness adjacent to the groove, where the groove is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the key and extends along the entire length of the bit but terminates in the shank at a groove termination point spaced well away from the first end of the shank to increase the volume and strength of the key shank by eliminating the decreased key thickness created by the groove and to increase the capability of the key to transfer the input torque to the sidewalls of the lock entrance slot; and e) a rigid metal insert imbedded in the head and shank of the key and including a head section with an end displaced well into the key head, the insert further including a shank section with an end displaced well into the key shank beyond the key shank to lock entrance slot torque transfernas/4er. 6 na V^EY^'3 surface but short of the second end of the key shank to define a reinforcement zone extending along the length of the key from the end of the head section of the insert to the end of the shank section of the insert, the length of the reinforcement zone and the relative longitudinal alignment of the reinforcement zone within the key head and key shank being configured to transfer the input torque to the key head at least in part within the reinforcement zone and to transfer the input torque from the key shank to the sidewalls of the lock entrance slot within the reinforcement zone to enable the input torque to rotate the lock face and thereby actuate the lock while limiting torsional bending of the key head relative to the key shank.

In an embodiment the means for reinforcing the key Includes a thickening of at least a portion of the key. Although, In a preferred embodiment portions of the shank are thickened, other areas of the key may also be thickened, The means for reinforcing the plastics material key is so constructed and arranged that It does not Interfere or hinder the cutting of notches or slots in the key that are necessary along at least one side of the bit to actuate the tumblers of a lock.

The present Invention also provides a plastics material key having a reinforcement member that can be used with a variety of different keys.

There are a variety of different key blanks having different shank and bit constructions with varying groove configurations. The present invention provides means for reinforcing plastics material key that can utilized wilth a majority of the known typical key structures.

An Important object of the present invention Is to provide a new and improved molded key constructed from a plastics material which Is strengthened against torque Induced breakage of the shank portion of the key.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will i be readily apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunctlon with the accompanying drawings, although variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure, and In which: I 4 naq/4 r~ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a plan view of a molded plastic key blank embodying a reinforced shank according to the present invention; Fig, 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail view taken substantially along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional detail view taken substantially along the line II-III in Fig, i; I^ Fig. 4 is a generally schematic illustration of the key of Fig. 1 located operatively within one form of tumbler lock; Fig. 5 is a plan view of a modified form of molded plas'tic key embodying the present invention but having 5 I a somewhat shorter shank than in the form of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse sectional detail vi;ew ta:ken subctantially along the line VI-VI in Fig.

Fi. a" ir an enlarged longitudinal sectional dotal. vie taken Fubctantially along the line VII-VII in Fio. Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration showing the key of Fig. 5 in a typical tumbler lock; Fig, 9 is a plan view of another modified form of molded plastic key embodying a reinforced shank according to the present invention; Fig. 10 is an enlarged transverse sectional detail view taken substantially along the line X-X in Fig. 9; SFig. 11 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional detail view taken substantially along the line XI-XI in Fig. 9; Fig. 12 is an enlarged side elevantional view of the key in Fig. 9; Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the reinforcing 35 insert present in the key of Fig. 9; ii Fig. 14 is a plan view of a plastic card/key combination embodying a key substantially according to Fig. 9; Fig. 15 is a sectional detail view taken substantially along the line XV-XV of Fig. 14; Fig. 16 is a sectional detail view taken substantially along the line XVI-XVI of Fig. 14; Fig. 17 is a plan view of the opposite side of the combination plastic card/key combination of Fig. 14; Fig. 18 is a plan view of still another modified form of molded plastic key embodying a reinforced shank according to the present invention; Fig. 19 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional detail view taken substantially along the line XIX-XIX in Fig. 18; Fig. 20 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional detail view taken substantially along the line XX-XX in Fig. 18; Fig. 21 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional detail view taken substantially along the line XXI-XXI in Fig. 18: Fig. 22 is a plan view showing yet another modified form of molded plastic key embodying a reinforced shank according to the present invention; Fig. 23 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail view taken substantially along the line XXIII-XXIII in Fig.

22; and Fig. 24 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional Sdetail view taken substantially along the line XXIV- XXIV in Fig. 22.

Fig. 25 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the molded plastics material key embodying a reinforced shank of the present invention.

Fig. 26 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail view 'f6\ along lines XXVI-XXVI of Fig. I-Ill---LI1-- .LL~'II~LII1- -7 /8 Fig. 27 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail view along lines XXVII-XXVII of Fig. Fig. 28 is a plan view showing the insert that is embedded in the key of Fig. Fig. 29 is a plan view of a plastic card/key combination embodying a key substantially according to Fig. Fig. 30 is a plan view showing another embodiment of t)h: molded plastic key embodying a reinforced shank of the present invention with parts broken away.

Fig. 31 is a plan view of a plastic card/key embodying another embodiment of the molded plastics material key having a reinforced shank of the present invention.

Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the molded plastics material key of Fig. 31 taken along lines XXXII-XXXII of Fig, 31.

Fig. 33 is a cross-sectional view of the molded plastics material key of Fig. 32 taken along lines XXXIII-XXXIII of Fig. 32.

Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view of the molded plastics material key of Fig. 32 taken along lines XXXIV-XXXIV of Fig. 32.

Fig. 35 is a perspective view of the rigid insert embodied in the molded plastics material key of Fig.

32.

Fig. 36 is a plan view of another embodiment of a molded plastics material key having a rigid insert of the present invention.

Fig. 37 is a perspective view of the rigid insert embodied in the molded plastics material key and insert of Fig. 36.

Fig. 38 is a cross-sectional view of the molded plastics material key of Fig. 36 taken along lines 3 XXXVIII-XXXVIII of Fig. 36.

r F t~ Fig 39i esetv iw o another j embodiment of a rigid insert of the present invention.

I Fig. 40 is a plan view of another embodiment of a jj molded plastics material key and rigid insert of the present invention.

Fig. 40a is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the key of Fig. 40 taken along lines XXXXa-XXXXa of Fig. Fig. 41 is a perspective view of the rigid insert embodied in the molded plastics material key of Fig.

is a cross-sectional view of the molded plastics material key of Fig. 40 taken along lines Fig. 43is a plan view of another embodiment ofa moddplastics material key and rigid insert of the preentinvention.

Fig 44ic, a perspective view of a portion of the rigi inertof the molded plastics material key of Fig. 45 is a perspective view of another portion of the rigid insert of the molded plastics material key of Fig, 43.

Fig. 46 is a cross-sectional view of the rigid insert embodied in the mol~ded plastics material key of Fig. 43 taken along lines XXXXVI-XXXXVI of Fig. 43, Fig, 47 is a plan view of an'other embodiment of a molded plastics material key having a rigid insert of the present invention.

Fig. 48 is a perspective view of the rigid insert embodied in the molded plastics material key of Fig.

47.

Fig. 49 is a cross-seotional view of the molded plastics material key of Fig. 47 taken along lines A 4XXXXIX-XXXXIX of Fig. 47.

_Li-CC.I~P ifiYlr^.~~U1I W~t DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to Figs. 1-4, a one-piece molded plastic key 10 is disclosed having a head or handle 11, typically of substantially greater width than an integral shank 12 connecting the handle to a blade or bit 13. In this instance, the bit 13 is of the type which may have tumbler notches 14 cut along either or both edges, and for this purpose the cross-sectional geometry of the shank and bit may, as best seen in Fig. 2, be provided with longitudinal rabbet grooves 15 providing thinner margins along both edges.

Illustratively, the key 10 has the shank 12 and the bit 13 elongated for reception in a tumbler lock 17 Fig. 4) having a tumbler barrel cylinder or plug 18 extending from a housinq 19 defining a chamber 20 of ample size to accommodate a spring-biased flapper closure 21 which is "i5 adapted to be pushed aside by the key from the dash position to the full line position when the key is inserted through an entrance 22, It may be noted that the entrance 22 affords ample clearance to facilitate entry of the key therethrough for reception In a key slot 23 which for practical reasons is fairly closely dimensioned relative to the key bit 13. A lj tolerance clearance of only about .005 inch is desirable between the bit 18 and the slot 23. An entrance 24 into the key slot 23 flares towards its outer end in a generally lead-in cam fashion to facilitate reception of the key bit 13 into the slot 23. Fig. 4 Illustrates that bit 13 fits closely in slot 23, but that a small gap exists between the flat sides of shank 12 and the parallel oriented sidewalls of rectangular lock entrance slot 22.

As a result, the application of an extraordinary input torque through the handle 11 after the key bit 13 has been introduced Into the slot 23 permits the key shank 12 to twist relative to key bit 13 because there is no torque support for the shank 12 in the gap between the sides of the shank and the sides of the lock entrance slot 23.

In order to equip the shank 12 against twisting, torque-stressed breakage, the shank is reinforced, By way of example, where there is ample lock entrance clearance, e,g. as in Fig. 4, reinforcement for the shank 12 may be advantageously provided by an integrally molded thickening 25 of the shank, Such thickening 25 is preferable accomplished throughout the length of the shank from adjacent to but clear of the proximal area of the bit 13 to be notched, Thus, increasing the thickness of shank 12 without nass/41 r Increasing the thickness of bit 13 strengthens shank 12 without interfering with the close tolerence fit of bit 13 In key slot 23. By preference the thickening 25 is effected about .020 inch on both faces of the shank 12 and extends to at least a limited distance onto the adjacent portion of the handle 11.

For utmost integrity of reinforcement, the thickening 25 extends over substantially the entire width of both the shank 12 and the portion of the handle 11 provided with the thickening. At the bit end of the shank 12, the thickening 25 may end abruptly, as shown at 215 (Fig, 3) as close as practicable to the area of the bit to be notched, so as to gain maximum advantage the thickening for its reinforcing function. At the handle end of the thickening 25 it may taper for smoothness both at the sides and at the handle end, substantially as visualized In Fig. 2 and 3. Although the thickening 25 could cover the entire handle 11 on both faces of the handle, that Is not necessary and plastic material is saved by having the thickening extend only partway onto the remainder of the handle. In any event, the thickening provides ample digital grip area for transmission of an input torque to the reinforced shank, It should be noted that in thickening the keys of the present invention to provide reinforcement, It may be desirable, in those instances where one is able, to

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10 nas/416r thicken the plastic key so that it is thicker than a standard metal key. For example, where the slot receiving the key is sufficiently large, it may be possible to thicken the plastic key so that it is thicker than a standard metal key. It should also be appreciated that although the shank is thickened in some embodiments of the present invention, it is not necessary to simply thicken the shank. For example, the head and shank and blade can all be thickened to the maximum extent ipremitted by the lock, in Figs. 5-8, a modified shorter molded plastic key 27 is depicted having a handle 28, a short shank 29 and a bit 30 of a suitable length for the intended purpose, lr. this instance, the bit 30 has a rabbet groove 31 along only one side providing a thin longitudinal side area for receiving tumbler pin notches 32. The key 2-7 is especially adaptable for operating a tumbl(,: lock 33 of the kind having an escutcheon 341 providing an, entrance with lead-in 2r, surfaces 3 and 37 of wider dimensions than a key slot 3 F within the plug of the lock and into which the bit fits fairly snuggly.

Reinforcement of the key V7 against torque breakage of the shank 29 is, similarly as described in 2 connection with the key 10 in Fig. 1, provided by means of thickening 39 which stops short of the notch 32 located in the bi 30 nearest to the shank, In that portion of the thickening 39 which extends over onto 1I the handle 28 on each face of the key, the thickening 30 tapers toward tho handle substantially as shown. The thickening 39 on each face of the key extends from sldo-to-side of the key as is clearly evident in Fig# As illustrated in Fig. 5, the groove g that runs al.ong a portion of the length of the blade of the key I. 0 i- il w u~l 27, for indexing with internal configurations of a slot of a tumbler, does not extend all the way to a head end of the shank 29. This functions to reinforce the shank 29 and make it stiffer. In this regard, it should be noted that by terminating the groove g prior to an end portion of the shank 29 one can reinforce a key having such a groove. Accordingly, if desired, the shank of the plastic key can be reinforced merely by shortening the length of the groove without the necessity of making the shank thicker than remaining portions of the key.

r ;In the modification depicted in Figs. 9-13, a reinforced shank molded plastic key 40 is provided which is especially suitable for use with tumbler locks that do not have the entrances into the key slot of significantly larger cross sectional dimensions than the key slot. Such tumbler locks are especially prevelant outside of the particularly, in automobile locks, To this end, the key 40 has a handle 41 which may be thicker than a short shank 42 and a bit 43 of suitable length, The shank 42 and the bit 43 may have one or more longitudinally extending coding grooves and at least one rabbet groove 45 along one longitudinal side of the bit 43 providing a relatively thin longitudinal side area 47 for having tumbler notches 48 cut therein to enable opening an intended tumbler lock (not shown).

In order to provide reinforcement against torque breakage of the shank 42 adjacent to the handle, a highly torque resistant reinforcing insert 48 is embodied in the shank 42 and the adjacent portion of the key handle. In a preferred construction the insert 48 comprises a thin hard metal member, desirably a hard steel stamping including a shank-reinforcing extension Sfinger 49 projecting from a body 50 having a head .A 'gor finger 49 projecting from a body 50 having a head 'ion 51 at the opposite end from the finger 49.

Rounded, i.e. radiused, corners 51a on the head 51 and similarly rounded corners 50a on the body 50 enhance molded integrity of the plastic key 40 and the insert 48.

The reinforcing finger 49 is of a width and thickness to be received in the shank portion of the tumbler pin notch-receiving area 47. In width, the finger 49 is desirably slightly less than the width of the key area 47 so as to maintain integrity of the shank portion 42 of the key relative to the key handle 41 and the bit 43. The thickness of the reinforcing finger 49 and the key area 47 is preferably identical, and the opposite faces of the finger 49 may be exposed at the opposite faces of the area 47, whereby the finger 49 may be substantially in direct torque force contact with the entrance end of a t'umbler lock key slot within which the shank 42 is received after the bit 43 has been fully inserted in the slot for 2C operating the lock, The length and terminal end of the finger 49 are calculated to extend the maximum permissible distance into the shank and the shank end of the area 47, having regard to the nearest tumbler pin notch 43. To gain maximum extension, a slanted or oblique terminal edge 49a is provided on the finger 49 to afford a clearance relative to the nearest notch 48 that may be cut in the area 47. As best seen in Fig.

9, the diagonal terminal edge 49a terminates short of the place for the nearest notch 48, leaving a narrow 30 separating portion of the area 47 between the edge 49a and the nearest notch 48. Through this arrangement intereference from the finger 49 with efficient cutting of the notches 48 is avoided.

Desirably the body portion 50 of the insert 48 is dimensioned to be embedded within a stop portion 52 of Cv iJ 1, l U nl -iur~-r .Y--i the handle 40 and which stop portion abuts the outer end of a lock when the key shank is fully received within a lock. The head end portion 51 of the insert 48 is dimensioned to be embedded within the key handle 42 and is desirably of a length which will occupy about half the length of the handle, and is of a sufficient width for a thorough torque transmission connection between the finger 49 and the area of the handle 41 which is digitally grasped when turning the key 40 for operating a lock.

As will be noted in Figs. 9-12, the flat insert 48 is substantially thinner than the key handle 41. The shank 42, and the main thickness of the bit 43, and the body portion 50 and the head portion 51 are respectively sufficiently narrower than the stop portion 52 and the handle 41, so that as moldably imbedded in the handle 41 the insert is thoroughly integrated in the handle. Such molded integration and integrity of the key 'insert unit is enhanced by having the handle 41 substantially thicker than the insert 48.

Although the key 40 may be utilized independently, it may also provide the key for a plastic card/key combination as depicted in Figs. 14-17. To this end, the key 40 is located within a complementary recess 53 within a preferably generally wallet size holder 54.

Desirably the recess 53 is located as conveniently near one side of the card 54 so that the remaining area of the face, or both faces, of the card can be utilized for any desired legends or indicia as schematically shown at For retaining the key 40 integrally with the card 54, integral multidirectional hinge means 55 is provided comprising a unitary part of the molding and formed from the same material as the key and the molded card, and integrally connecting an edge of the key head

QA

or handle 41 to an edge of the card 54 in the recess 53. Desirably the hinge means 55 comprises a generally elongated element which permits the key to be not only swung out of the plane of the card 54 but also to be twisted relative to the card on and about the~ hinge without breaking away from the card. In the preferred V form, the hinge 55 comprises a generally rod shaped element which may be of cylindrical cross section and is longer than its diameter. Although the hinge 55 may be of slightly smaller diameter than the thickness of the head 41, as best seen in Fig. 15 the hinge diameter may be slightly greater than the thickness of the card 54. A reinforcement extension 57 extends from the attached end of the hinge 55 onto the adjacent portion of the card 54 and is connected to a reinforcing rib 58 which runs along the edge of the card and stiffens the I card in this area against undue flexibility.

Referring now to Figs. 1$-21, a reinforced shank molded plastic key 60 is- depicted which, in, general respects, is similar to the key 40 in Fig. 9, but differs therefrom in that tumbler notching 48 is effected along both edges of the bit. To this end, the key 16 has a handle 61, a shank 62 and a bit 63. The bit 63 is symmetrical in cross section and has along each longitudinal side a generally rabbet coding groove 64, and the grooves face alternately relative to the ii opposite faces of the bit 63. Along each of the grooves 64 there is a longitudinal side area 65 which is about half the thickness of the body of the bit 63.

Tumbler notches 67 are adapted to be cut in the area Reinforcement against torque breakage of the shank 62 is provided by a high torque resistant reiriforoing insert which is preferably in the form of a steel ",43 stamping 68. A body portion 69 and a head portion Y4 0

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iii: _IUU~~I CC_ of the reinforcing insert 68 are fully embedded in the handle 61. For thorough interlocking of the head portion 70 within the handle 61, a transverse interlock slot 71 in the insert head 70 provides for a molded interlock 72 of the plastic key handle.

In a preferred construction, the insert 68 is of a thickness no greater than the thickness of at least one of the notch-receiving areas 65 into which a reinforcing extension in the form of a finger 73 of the insert 68 projects from the insert body 69. As best Sseen in Figs. 19 and 20, the finger 73 is so aligned with the associated bit area 65 that opposite faces of the finger 73 are exposed at the opposite faces of the area 65 for similar reasons as expressed in connection with the finger 49 in Fig. 9. For adequate torque resistant strength in the finger 73, it is preferably wider than the width of the associated key area 65 and part of the finger is therefore moldably accommodated within the adjacent portion of the body of the shank 2C 62. Such body-embedded portion of the finger 73 is desirably the longer dimension of the finger where the finger has, as shown in Fig. 18, a slanted or oblique terminal edge 74. Whether or not the terminal edge 74 is oblique, ill is desirably coined from opposite faces of the finger, as best seen in Fig. 21, to provide tapered or bevelled surfaces leading to the edge 74.

This provides a thinner section for the finger 73 adjacent to the edge 74, so that there will be interlocking overlaps 77 of the molded plastic material of the bit 63 in engagement with the tapered surfaces This provides good anchorage of the terminal end of the finger 73 within the molded material of the finger and maintains sound structural integrity of the moldably joined key 60 and the insert 68.

.8 *a 12 As shown in Figs. 22-24, a key 80, similarly as the keys 40 and 60 comprises a handle 81 which is desirably thicker than a shank 82 and a bit 83, with a metal reinforcing insert 84 embedded in the handle and shank. A head end portion 85 of the insert is embedded in the handle 81, with an interlock slot 87 providing for a molded plastic interlock 88. From the head projects an insert body 89 and, in this instance, a pair of spaced parallel reinforcing fingers 90 and 91 project from the body 89 into the key shank 82. The finger 90 may be slightly wider than the finger 91, and in the shank area between the fingers may be a longitudinal coding groove extending throughout the length of the bit 83 as well as the shank 82. There may additional longitudinal coding grooves 93 in the shank 82 and running on along the bit 83. A flat longitudinal tumbler pin notch-receiving area 94 runs along the side cf the bit 83 which is in alignment with reinforcing finger 90. At the face of the shank 82 which may make contact with an entrance into a key slot in a lock with which the key 80 may be used, the finger as well as the finger 91 have their face areas exposed as contact surfaces. It may be observed that if it were not for the coding groove 92, the two fingers 90 and 91 could be constructed solidly in one piece. This emphasizes the versatility of the fingered reinforcing insert concept for plastic keys.

Referring now to Figures 25-27, another embodiment of a molded plastics material key 101 of the present invention is illustrated. The key 101 is somewhat similar to the key 60 illustrated in Figure 18 in that the bit 103 is symmetrical in cross section and has along each longitudinal side a generally rabbet coding groove 105, and the grooves face alternately relative to the opposite faces of the bit 103. Along each of :ci the grooves 105, there is a longitudinal side area 107 that is approximately half the thickness of the remaining portion of the body of the bit 103. The side area 107 is so constructed and arranged that tumbler notches 109 can be cut therein.

Due to the construction of the molded plastics material key 101, the shank 111 of the key is susceptible to twisting and breakage due to torque when the key 101 is inserted in the slot of a tumbler and twisted and unusual resistance is encountered. The key o101 is especially susceptible at the side areas 107 of the shank 111.

To reinforce the shank 111 against torque breakage, a high torque reinforcing insert 113 is provided. As illustrated in Figure 28, the insert 113 includes a head portion 115 having an interlock slot 117. As discussed in detail below, the interlock slot 117 ensures that the insert is securely embedded within the key 101.

The insejt 113 further includes, extending from the head 115, a pair of fingers 119 and 121. The fingers 119 and 121 are constructed so that they are offset from each other. To this end, the fingers 119 and 121 do not lie within the same horizontal plane when the insert 113 is in a horizontal position as illustrated in Figure 28. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, one of the fingers 121 extends out of a horizontal plane defined by the remaining portions of the insert 113. As illustrated in Figure 27, this construction allows one of the fingers 119 and 121 to be received within each side area 107 of the shank 111 when the insert 113 is embedded in the key 101. Due to the construction of the key 101 the longitudinal side areas 107 do not line within the same horizontal plane.

Accordingly, if the fingers 119 and 121 of the insert A I19 113 were not offset with respect to each other they could not effectively be received within the side areas 107 when the insert 113 was embedded within the key 101. The construction of the insert 113 affords the key 101, and specifically the shank 111, increased resistance to torque breakage.

As illustrated in Figures 25-27, the insert 113 is designed to be embedded in the key 101. To this end, as previously stated, the head 115 of the insert 113 1C includes an interlock slot 117. When the insert 113 is embedded in the key 101, the interlock slot 117 functions to ensure that the insert is securely embedded therein. In this respect, the slot 117 allows the plastics material, from which the key 101 is constructed, to form a mold interlock within the slot 117 securing the insert within the key 101.

In the embodiment of the insert 113 illustrated in Figure 28, the fingers 119 and 121 of the insert 113 include extending flange portions 120 and 122, respectively. The flange portions 120 and 122 of the fingers 119 and 121, respectively, are of a reduced thickness as compared to the remaining portions of the fingers 119 and 121. The flange portions 120 and 122 help to ensure that the insert 113 is secured within the key 101. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in Figures 26 and 28, the main portion of the fingers 119 and 121 has a thickness that; is approximately the same as the side area 107 of the shank 111. Therefore, when the insert 113 is embedded in the key 101, the top and bottom surfaces of the fingers 119 and 121 may be exposed at the respective top and bottom surface of the side area 107, or lie just below the surface thereof.

As illustrated in Figure 27, the reduced thickness area of the flange portions 120 and 122 helps ensure that S P\ the fingers 119 and 121 are securely embedded in the i ~U r~-ul-r~-IUII--PI key 101 by providing an area that can interlock with the molded side areas 107.

Because the plastic material from which the key 101 is made will shrink, but the rigid insert 113 will not; especially if it is constructed from metal, it is necessary to put a hole 131 and 133 at the end portion of the legs 119 and 121. The holes 131 and 133 allow the plastic to shrink during the molding process and the legs 119 and 121 will slide into the holes. If no holes were provided, stress and warping of the key could possibly occur.

Preferably, the insert 113 is constructed from a substantially rigid material such as metal. However, it will be appreciated that the insert 113 can be constructed from any material that will reinforce or afford increased strength to the key 101 and specifically the shank area 111. In a preferred embodiment, the insert 113 is constructed from steel.

Molded plastics material keys of the kind described can be formed from an acetal resin, comprising a polymerized formaldehyde formulation, such as can be obtained from E.I. Dupont De Nemours Company under the trademark "Delrin 500".

As to the reinforcing inserts for the keys, suitable material comprises sheet steel stampings such as cold rolled steel which can be hardened if desired, or a C1095 spring steel annealed and hardened to 55-57 Rockwell prior to molding in place in the plastic keys.

Referring now to Figure 29, although the key 101 can be utilized independently and retained, if desired, on a key ring or like retaining apparatus, the key 101 can be part of a plastics material card/key combination 151. To this end, the key 101 is located within a complementary recess 153 within a substantially card S 5 shape holder 154. Although only one key 101 is

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illustrated as being located within the holder 154 if desired two or more keys can be located therein.

For retaining the key 101 within the card 154, in the embodiment illustrated, integral multidirectional hinge means 155 is provided. The hinge means 155 includes a unitary part of the molding and is preferably formed from the same material as at least a portion of the key 101 and card 154. The hinge integrally connects an edge of the key head 123 or handle to an edge of the card 154 in the recess 153.

Preferably the hinge means 155 comprises a generally elongated element that permits the key 101 to not only be swung out of a plane of the card 154 but also to be twisted relative to the card, on or about the hinge means 155, without breaking away from the card 154.

In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the hinge means has a generally rod shaped element. To stiffen the card 154, in the embodiment illustrated, the card includes a reinforcement extension 157 that extends from the attached end of the hinge 155 onto an adjacent portion of the card 154 and is connected to a reinforcing rib 158 that runs along the edge of the card.

It should be noted that although in the embodiment illustrated, the key 101 is secured to the card 154 by hinge means 155. Other means of retaining the key 101 to the card 154 can be utilized. For example, the key can be removably secured to the card so that it can be removed from the card and then later securely replaced back within the recess of the card.

Referring now to Figure 30, another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. In this \embodiment, the key 161 is not only constructed from a *S plastics material but also includes a fibrous

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L LP-UUI--LI--L-r*--- 231 reinforcement 162 molded therein. The fibrous reinforcement 162 adds strength to the key 161, and specifically the shank 163 of the key. The fibrous reinforcement provids a resistance to torque breakage when the key 161 encounters resistance when it is inserted in a lock and twisted. Examples of some fibrous reinforcement material that can be utilized to strengthen the key 161, and specifically the shank 163, include: Kevlar aramid fibers; carbon fibers; glass 02 10 fibers; thermoplastic fibers, such as polyester and nylon; and hybrid composites such as aramid/carbon, o4o4 0. aramid/glass, aramid/carbon/glass, and carbon/glass.

,o The fibers can be directionally oriented or random)', oriented depending on the molding process chosen for 4 I S 15 constructing the key 161.

Carbon fibers are especially useful due to their high-strength and high modulus, Furthermore, carbon Sfibers can be molded into the plastic key 161 through injection or compression molding as well as by lamination. Glass fibers also are useful in that plastic materials reinforced with glass fibers exhibit high strength-to-weight ratios and dimensioned stability. Similarly, glass fibers can be provided as a laminate or through compression or injection molding.

25 Thermoplastic fibers are particularly useful especially in those areas of high-shear processing such as in injection molding processes. The hybrid compounds are especially useful due to their light-weight, higher modulus, compressive strength, and flexural strength, and high impact resistance and fracture toughness.

Furthermore, some of the hybrids have very good processing characteristics.

Referring now to Figs. 31-35, a further embodiment of the key and means for reinforcing is illustrated.

X S As illustrated in Fig. 31, the key 201 can be, if *rI "l i, !i w

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desired, part of a plastics material card/key combination 251. To this end, the key 201 is located in a complementary recess 253 within a substantially card-shaped holder 254. Of course, although only one key 201 is illustrated as being located within the holder 254, if desired, two or more keys can be located therein.

For retaining the key 201 within the card 254, in the embodiment illustrated, an integral multidirectional hinge means 255 is provided. The hinge means 255 includes a unitary part of the molding and is preferably formed from the same material as at least a portion of the key 201 and the card 254. The hinge means 255 integrally connects an edge of the key head 233 or handle to an edge of the card 254 in the recess 253. Preferably, the hinge means 255 comprises an elongated element that allows the key 201 to be swung out of the plane of the card 254 and also twisted relative to the card without breaking away from the card. Although the key 201 is illustrated in this embodiment as being secured to the card 254 by hinge means, other means of retaining the key to the card can be utilized.

As illustrated, the key includes a head portion 215, shank portion 211, and a bit portion 203. A rigid insert 213 is embedded within portions of the head 215 and shank 211 of the key 201. The rigid insert 213 reinforces thp shank 211 against breakage due to torque when the key 201 is inserted in a slot of a tumbler and twisted and unusual resistance is encountered.

The rigid insert 213, as specifically illustrated in Fig. 35, includes a body portion 214 that includes two offset sides 241 and 243 that are connected by a center portion 245. The offset sides 241 and 243 are 135 constructed so that they lie in different planes with I N J' L respect to a thickness of the shank 211. This allows the side members 241 and 243 of the rigid insert 213 to be located in different thickness planes of the key 201, and specifically the shank 211. An advantage of this construction is that it allows the rigid insert 213 to be located in a key, such as that illustrated in Figures 31-34, that includes a groove 249 running along at least a portion of the length of the bit 203. Such grooves are especially common in house keys, Referring to Fig. 32, the key 201 includes an opening or slot 271 in the head 215 thereof. The slot 271 provides two functions. In molding the key 201, the slot 271 functions to provide a shelf for supporting the rigidd insert 213 within the mold prior to, and during, the molding of the plastics material around the rigid insert 213.

Furthermore, the slot 271 provides means for stress relieving the key 201 during the molding process, During thc- molding process, the plastics material as it cools shrinks, For example, "Delrin"' will shrink tip to approx:imately If the rigid insert 213 is a metallic material, or other material that does not correspondingly shrink during the cooling proces!s, and a stress relief means was not provided, 2C the rigid insert could cause the resultant key to warp, Accordingly, in the embodiment illustrated, means are provided for stress relieving the rigid Insert 213 as the plasitic of the key shrinks.

The slot 271 functions to stress relieve the key 201 by providing an opening or path throuigh which the rigid inserl, 213 can move as the plastics material shrinks. Accordingly, as the plastic shrinks, the rigid insert 213 will be forced Upwardly into the slot 271 substantially preventing the key 201 from 3 eforming. As illustrated in Figure 40a, if desired z the slot 271 does not have to extend through the thickness of the key but can be a groove that does not extend through the entire thickness of the key.

As illustrated in Fig, 35, the side members 241 and 243 of the rigid insert 213 are offset from each other from a front end to a back end of the rigid insert 213. This provides a means for ensuring that the rigid insert 213 easily slides, or moves, upwardly, towards the head 215 of the key 201 within the plastics 10 material as the key cools after molding.

As illustrated in Fig, 35, the front end of the oo rigid insert 213 includes a flange 273 having a reduced cross-sectional thickness. The flange 273 insures that o an interlock fit is produced between the rigid insert S 15 211 and the plastics material of the key 201. As illustrated in Fig. 32, in certain embodiments of the rigid insert 213, at least a portion of th( rigid o ainsert 213 may be coplanar, or approximately coplanar, 'o with a plane cf the bit 203, Accordingly, to ensure 20 that the rigid insert 213 is locked within the shank 0 e 211 and bit 203 of the plastics material key 201, the reduced cross-sectional thickness flange 273 is provided to afford an interlocking fit.

Due to the offset construction of its sides 241 0 25 and 243, the rigid insert 213 illustrated in Figs. 31has been found to be especially adapted for use in a house key, Referring now to Figs, 36-38, a further embodiment of a molded plastics material key and reinforcing means of the present invention is illustrated. As illustrated, again, the plastics material key 301 includes a head portion 315, shank portion 311, and bit portion 303. A rigid insert 313 for reinforcing the shank is embedded within a portion of the head 315 and ^c4 45 the shank 311 of the plastics material key 301. As further illustrated, as in the previous embodiment, the head 315 includes a slot 371 or hole that provides means for supporting the insert 313 during molding.

The slot 371 further functions to provide means for stress relieving portions of the key adjacent the insert 313 so that the key 301 does not substantially deform as the plastics material of the key cools after molding.

The embodiment of the rigid insert 313 illustrated has a substantially Z-shaped cross-section. To this end, the rigid insert 313 includes a body portion 314 having extending side portions 341 and 343 having a reduced cross-sectional thickness. These side portions 341 and 343 are located in planes offset from each other with respect to a thickness of the shank 311.

Accordingly, the side portions 341 and 343 can be receivAd within reduced thickness offset side portions 319 and 321 of the molded plastics material key 301, This construction allows the rigi.d insert 313 to be utilized with keys that have longitudinal side areas that do not lie within the same horizontal plane# As illustrated, the offset side portions 341 and 343 extend all the way from one end of the rigid insert 313 to approximately a second end allowing the insert relatively easy movement intc a portion of the slot 371 during the shrinking of the plastics material of the key 301 after moldino.

Referring to Fig, 37, as illustrated, preferably, the rigid insert 313 includes an extending flange portion 373. As in the previously discussed embodiment, the flange 373 provides an interlock with the plastics material of the key 301. Again, because in certain embodimints of the key 301 and rigid insert 313, the extended side portions 341 and 343, or body portion 314 of the rigid, insert, ,Jay be coplanar, or approximately coplanar, with a portion of the bit 303 of the key 301, the flange 373 ensures that the rigid insert 313 is secured within the key.

In the embodiment illustrated, the flange 373 includes a semi-circular cut-out portion 374. The semi-circular cut-out portion 374 is utilized to at least partially receive a locater pin that allows the rigid insert 313 to be securely positioned within the mold cavity during the molding process of the key 301.

10 Due to its construction, the rigid insert 313 0 6 0n illustrated in Fig. 37 has been found to function oo satisfactorily in at least certain types of automobile °o keys.

Referring now to Fig. 39, a further embodiment of Si the rigid insert 413 is illustrated. In this embodiment, the insert 413 includes a body member 414.

However, in contrast to the rigid insert 313 illustrated in Fig 36-38, the body member 414 does not include side portions having a reduced cross- S sectional thickness, lying in different planes.

Instead, the sidewalls 441 and 443 of the insert 413 lie in the same thickness plane. In certain applications, it may be desirable to use such a rigid insert 414.

As illustrated, at a front of the rigid insert 413, a semicircular cut-out portion 474 is provided.

Again, the cut-out portion 474 provides means for cooperating with a locater pin to position the rigid insert 413 within a mold cavity.

Referring now to Figs. 40-42, a further embodiment of the molded plastics material key and means for reinforcing the key of the present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, the rigid insert 513 is somewhat similar to the rigid insert 313 illustrated -i5'N\.35 in Figs. 36-38, but differs in that the width of the .8 rigid insert 513 is smaller than that of the rigid insert 313 of Fig. 37. As illustrated, the center portion of the insert, the thickest portion, has a substantially smaller width than the center portion of the rigid insert 313 of Fig. 37.

The rigid insert 513 illustrated in Figs. 40-42 is useful in certain applications wherein the thickest portion of the shank 511 of the key 501 is not great, and accordingly, the thickest portion of the insert 10 must also be limited. To provide a viable insert, the rigid insert 513 has a somewhat Z-shaped crosssectional construction with an offset center. This allows the rigid insert 513 to be used with keys 501 having a small cross-sectional thickness. As illustrated, the rigid insert 513 also includes, at an end thereof, a semicircular cut-out portion 574 for receiving a locater pin of a mold cavity.

As illustrated in Fig. 40a the key 501 includes means for stress relieving portions of the key adjacent the insert 513. The means includes a groove 571 that does not extend through the entire thickness of the key 501.

Referring now to Figs. 43-46, a further embodiment of the molded plastics material key and means for reinforcing of the present invention is illustrated.

The key illustrated in Fig. 43 has a construction somewhat similar to the construction of a key sold in Japan as the Miwa key. The Miwa key is constructed to cooperate with a lock and tumbler wherein although the sides of the bit actuate the tumbler, as in a typical key and lock construction, only the tip of the. bit actuates the lock. Accordingly, it is necessary for a plastics material key, that is to be used on such locks, to be reinforced at the tip portion 612 of the ,iO lf. key 601, as well as the shank 611, to ensure that the 2I tip does not break if unusual torque or resistance is encountered as the tip actuates the lock.

To this end, the rigid insert 613 of the embodinent of the present invention illustrated in Figs. 43-46 is preferably of a two piece construction.

The first portion 616 of the rigid insert 613 is embedded within portions of the head 615 and shank 611 of the key 602. Again, a slot 671 is provided in the head 615 of the key 601 for stress relieving portions of the key 601 adjacent the rigid insert 613 and for providing a shelf for the rigid insert 613 during molding, As illustrated, the rigid insert 613 has a somewhat omega cross-sectional shape that corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of portions of the shank 611 and bit 603 of the key 601, Located at a tip 612 of the bit 603 of the key 601 is a second portion 620 of the rigid insert 613, This portiorc 62C cf the rigid insert 613 reinforces the tip cf the key to prevent the tip 618 from breaking due to any torque that is exerted on the tip 618 when the tip 618 actuates the lock. Again, the second portion 620 of the rigid insert 613 has a cross-sectional shape that substantially corresponds to the cross-sectional portion of the tip 612 of the bit 603 within which it is received. Preferably, the second portion 620 of the rigid insert 613 is embedded in a portion of the bit 603 wherein the sides of the bit are not notched.

Referring now to Figs. 47-49, another embodiment of the molded plastics material key and reinforcement means of the present invention is illustrated. The rigid insert 713 of this embodiment is somewhat similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 25-27. To this end, the rigid insert 713 includes a body 715 having legs or fingers 719 and 721 extending therefrom. The fingers 719 and 721 have a reduced cross-sectional r "o thickness when compared to a thickest part of the zigid insert 713.

In this embodiment, the fingers 719 and 721 of the rigid insert 713 extend from one end of the rigid insert to the head 722 of the rigid insert 713. Thus, the rigid insert 713 includes a reduced cross-sectional portion that extends from one end of the rigid insert to the head end. This allows the rigid insert to more easily slide or move within the plastics material during the cooling process and accordingly, S" substantially reduces the risk that the key will warp or distort during the cooling process.

*o 4 From the foregoing it will be apparent that the present invention provides means that afford substantial reinforcement protection against torque damage to the critical areas of the molded plastic keys.

Although the teachings of my invention have herein been discussed with reference to specific theories and embodiments, it is to be understood that these are by way of illustration only and that others may wish to utilize my invention in different designs or applications.

Claims (7)

1. 2. The plastic key of claim 1 wherein the portion of the shank located between the first end surface and the groove termination point includes a substantially solid volume defined by substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces and substantially parallel side surfaces.
2. 3. The plastic key of claim 2 wherein the key head is coupled to the key shank by a reinforced, two component junction for transferring the input torque from the key head to the key shank through both the plastic 0000 structure of the key and through the rigid metal insert. Q1 5 4. The plastic key of claim 3 wherein the key shank is coupled to the °0 key bit by an unreinforced, single component junction where transfer of the input torque from the shank to the bit Is accomplished only by plastic. The plastic key of claim 4 wherein the shank strength within the reinforcement zone is further increased by a shank thickness which exceeds the bit thickness.
3. 6. The plastic key of claim 5 wherein the head thickness within the go° reinforcement zone exceeds the bit thickness to increase the capability of the head to transfer torque into the key shank, o~ 7. The plastic key of claim 6 wherein the thickness of the key head within the relnforcement zone is substantially equal to the thickness of the key shank within the reinforcement zone and wherein both the head S thickness and the shank thickness within the reinforcement zone exceed the bit thickness.
4. 8. The plastic key of claims 4 or 7 wherein the thickness of the rigid insert is substantially uniform and is substantially equal to the bit thickness.
5. 9. The plastic key of claims 4 or 7 wherein the thickness of the rigid insert Is substantially uniform and is slightly less than the bit thickness, The plastic key of claim 2 wherein at least a part of the shank section of the rigid metal insert lies within the substantially solid volume of the key shank.
6. 11. The plastic key of claim 10 wherein the thickness of the shank within
7. 32- -nas 41 ri~.~ :1 i L ~II~WYI~CIII~C- the reinforcement zone exceeds the bit thickness and wherein the thickness of the head within the reinforcement zone exceeds the bit thickness. 12. The plastic key of claim 10 wherein the thickness of the rigid insert is substantially uniform and is equal to or slightly less than the bit thickness. 13. ThA plastic key of claim 12 wherein the width of the head section of the rigid insert located in proximity to the end of the head section flares outward to increase the surface area of the head section to thereby increase the torque transfer capability of the plastic key. 14. The plastic key of claim 13 wherein the shank section of the rigid insert includes substantially parallel upper and lower edges. The plastic key of claim 14 wherein the rigid metal insert is fabricated from a high torque resistant material. 16. The plastic key of claim 15 wherein the rigid metal insert is fabricated from steel. 17. The plastic key of claim i wherein the shank section of the rigid insert includes a width, wherein the notches cut into the key bit cause the width of the bit to vary along the longitudinal axis of the key, and wherein the width dimension of the shank section is unrelated to and does not limit or Interfere with variations in the width of the key bit from a minimum width to a maximum width caused by the presence of notches of varying depth. 18. The plastic key of claim 17 wherein the width of the shank section of the rigid insert can exceed the minimum width of the key bit. 19. The plastic key of claim 1 wherein the shank section of the rigid insert Is positioned asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the key. The plastic key of claim 19 wherein the shank section of the rigid insert is positioned asymmetrically with respect to the head section of the rigid insert. 21. The plastic key of claim 2 wherein the groove termnation point lies outside the reinforcement zone. 22. A flat plastic key substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings, DATED this EIGHTH day of AUGUST 1990 MITSUBISHI CORPORATION I I Patent Attorneys for the Applicants SPRUSON FERGUSON 33