AU600547B2 - Aerosol valve - Google Patents

Aerosol valve Download PDF

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Publication number
AU600547B2
AU600547B2 AU10808/88A AU1080888A AU600547B2 AU 600547 B2 AU600547 B2 AU 600547B2 AU 10808/88 A AU10808/88 A AU 10808/88A AU 1080888 A AU1080888 A AU 1080888A AU 600547 B2 AU600547 B2 AU 600547B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
valve
valve body
aerosol
stem
orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
AU10808/88A
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AU1080888A (en
Inventor
Robert Henry Abplanalp
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of AU1080888A publication Critical patent/AU1080888A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU600547B2 publication Critical patent/AU600547B2/en
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Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/44Valves specially adapted therefor; Regulating devices
    • B65D83/48Lift valves, e.g. operated by push action
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/03Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
    • B05B9/04Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

An aerosol valve comprising a mounting cup (10), a gasket (14) having a central opening, a valve housing (12), a valve stem (20) and a valve body (16), wherein the valve stem and valve body move within the valve housing in response to pressure on the valve stem, the improvement comprising a valve body having at least one upstanding wall (26) defining a recess (22) in the valve body and having a slot (21) extending from the top shoulder of the upstanding wall which slot communicates with the interior of the container when the valve is actuated; a valve stem having a longitudinal opening therethrough and a member (24) that frictionally and releasably engages within the valve body recess, said valve stem further having an orifice (42) aligned with the longitudinal opening of the valve stem, which communicates at one side with the slot in the recess of the valve body and at the other side with the longitudinal opening in the valve stem; and the central opening of the gasket sealing the slot defined by the upstanding wall of the valve body when the valve is in a closed position.

Description

P CT ~~AU-AI -108088Q Io INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUB3LISHED) UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATIOIN TREATY (PCT) 1) International Patent Classification 4 (11) Interniationial PuIbliCatfl Number: WO 88/ 942661 83/14 Al1 (43) International Publicationi Date,- 16 June 1988 (I16.06.88) (21) International Application Number: PCT/USS7/03 182 JP, KR, LU (European patent), NL (Eutropean patent), NO, SF. (European patent).
(22) International Filing Date: 3 December 1987 (03,1 2,87) Puiblishied (31) Priority Application Number: 934,817 Withi international search report.
(32) Priority Date: 3 Dec'ember 1986 (03,12.86) (33) Priorify Country: us o U618 (71)(72) Applicant and Inventor: ABPLANALP, Robert, Henry [US/USI; 10 Hewitt Avenue, Brooxville, NY 10709 (US) (74) Agent: KILOANNON, William, F7,; Davis Hoxie Faithfull Hapgood, 2001 Jefferson Davis Highway, Ar- 6 JUN 1939A (81) Dosigwited States: AT (European patent), AU, BE (Eui-TOFC ropean patent), BR, CH (European patent), DE (Eu- PW ~C ropeanl patent), DK, Fl, FIR ([I~uropean patent), G13 L oietcrlan (Euiropean patent), IT (European patent), 1:11isdvr-ei coiti;hd tile.2 amedetS MII ni Secltiont 41) and is ccurxt for (54) Title: AEROSOL VALVE (57) Abstract An aerosol valve comprising a n-.ounting cup a gasket (14) having at central opening, a valve housing a valve stem (20) and a valve body (16), wherei n the valve stem and valve body move within the valve housing i i response to pressure on thle valve stem, the improvement comprising a valve body having ait lcast one upstanding wall (26) defining a recess (21) in thle valve body ind having a slot (21) extending troni the top should& r of the upstanding wall which slot communicates xv'th the interior ol the container when the valve is 10tuiated, a valve stem having a Iotigituclinal openin"1 therethrougli and a menmber (24) that frictionally and releasably engages within the valve body recess, said valve stem further having an orifice (42) aligned with the longitudinal, opening of the valve stem, which communicates at one side with thle slot in the recess of the valve body and at the other side with th- longitudinal opening in the valve stem: and the central opening or the gasket sealing thle slot (lelined by the upstanding wall of the valve body when the valve is in -i closed position, I SO 88/04266 PCT/US87/03182 AEROSOL VALVE Background of the Invention This invention relates to a valve for a pressurized package commonly referred to as an aerosol package.
Aerosol packages usually comprise a valve unit situated in the neck of the container which is opened by finger pressure against an actuator dispcsed at one terminus of a valve stem. The valve unit has a movable valve body and associated hollow valve stem which unseats from a gasket, thereby permitting flow of product into a hollow valve stem (product conduit).
With certain products, e.g. paints, it is desirable that the valve stem be separable from the valve body in order to clean the product conduit should drying and resultant clogging occur. To provide the aforementioned valve stem removal capability, the valve stem, at one end, is molded integral to the valve actuator to thereby permit its separation from the valve body by pulling on the actuator. At the other end the valve stem mates with a movable valve body situated beneath a resilient gasket, the valve stem being passed through a central opening in the resilient gasket. The gasket seals the product discharge orifice in the valve stem when the valve is in a closed position. By depressing the SU2Scri' TU ''LIK c2T I WO 88/04266 PCT/US87/03182 -2valve stem, the product orifice in the stem is open to flow of product from the container.
More particularly, the aforedescribed aerosol valve comprises a container closure, commonly called a mounting cup, which is clinched to the container bead. Within and crimped to an upstanding central portion of the mounting cup, commonly called a pec-estal, is a valve housing having a resilient gasket disposed atop thereof, which gasket forms a seal between the valve housing and the mounting cup.
Disposed within the housing is reciprocable valve closing/opening member comprising a vaive body and valve stem, which body and stem have communicating for egress of the pressurized product to a discharge orifice situated in a finger depressible actuator.
The aerosol valve described above is commonly referred to in the aerosol industry as a "female" valve, in contrast to the so called "male" valve wherein the valve stem is molded integral to the valve body. United States Patent Nos. 3,033,473, 3,061,203, 3,074,601 and 3,209,960 describe aerosol valves of the "female" type and United States Patent 2,631,814 and aerosol valve of the "male" type.
Furthermore, in prior aerosol valves, the product orifice in the valve stem is formed by a radial pin extending laterally through the wall of the valve stem, a so-called "side action" molding operation.
'rhe presence of the "side action" pin necessitates the removal of the pin before ejection of the molded part, with a consequent time delay in the molding operation. Moreover, with orifice sizes commonly used in aerosol valves, the "side action" pin often breaks with consequent shutdown of the molding operation.
4~ 'I I-I 3a Broadly stated, the present invention is an improvement in an aerosol valve having a moveable, gasketed valve body-valve stem located within a valve housing, comprising a valve body having at least one upstanding wall defining a recess in the valve body and having a wall defining a recess in the valve body and having a slot extending from a top shoulder of the upstanding wall which slot communicates with the interior of the container when the valve is actuated; the valve t0 stem comprising a depending extension that frictionally and releasably engages within the valve body recess, said va)ve body and depending extension having a longitudinal opening therethrough and an orifice aligned with the longitudinal opening of the valve stem, said orifice communicating at one end with the slot in the recess of the valve body and at the other end with the longitudinal opening in the valve stem; and the central opening of the gasket sealing the slot in the upstanding wall of the valve body when the valve is in a closed position.
2-C? More specifically, and as a preferred embodiment, the aerosol valve of this invention includes a recess in the C. valve body beneath the valve stem orifice.
C
o C ,I A4 r
A
WO 88/04266 PCT/US87/03182 Additionally, in prior aerosol valves, the central opening of the gasket seals radially against the product orifice in the valve stem. This sealing of the valve stem orifice upon closure of the valve forecloses gravitational return of the product in the hollow valve stem from moving past the valve stem orifice with the often consequent result that residual product in the hollow valve stem drys and clogs the passage in the valve stem.
It is an objective of this invention to provide an aerosol valve that obviates the aforementioned disadvantages of prior art valves.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Broadlyt- e- e- -r eent in an aerosol valve having a moveable, gasketed valve body-valve stem located within a valve housing, comprising a valve body having at least one upstanding wall defining a recess in the valve body and .Aving a slot extending from the top shoulder of the'°upstanding wall which slot communicates with the interior of the container when the valve is actuated;,- a valve stem having a longitudinal opening therethrough and a member that frictionally and rel6asably engages within the valve body recess, said ylve stem further having an orifice aligned with th- longitudinal opening of the valve stem, which cmunicates at one end with the slot in the rec s of the valve body and at the other end with orifice in the valve stem; and the central openip of the gasket sealing the slot defined by the ups_ nding wall of the valve body when the valve i in a closed position.
/e ecifically, and as a preferred embodiment, aerosol valve of this invention includes a recess 'n them-e*4-- SU2?~STF1117 Z ET 0AcI WO 88/04266 PCT/US87/03182 -4- Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the valve of this invention in closed position.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the valve of this invention in open position.
Figure 3 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the valve stem of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is an enlarged longitudinal partial section of the valve body of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 6 is a top plan view of Figure Figure 7 is an enlarged longitudinal partial section of the valve stem and valve body of Figure 1.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the valve body of Figures 1, 2, 5-7.
Referring to the drawings, the mounting cup is generally designated as 10. Crimped to the mounting cup 10 is a valve housing 12 and a gasket 14.
Disposed within the housing 12 is the valve body 16 having a recess 22, which valve body is biased toward the gasket 14 by the spring 18. A conventional dip tube 46 is shown attached to the bottom of the housing 12. A valve stem, generally designated as 20, is disposed within the recess 22 (shown in greater detail in Fic:ure 5) in the top of the valve body 16 through the friction fitment of the depending extension 24 of the valve stem 20. Upstanding arcuate walls 26 (shown in detail in Figure 8) form the upper portion of the recess 22 and define a slot 21. Beneath the slot 21, defined by the upstanding arcuate walls 26, are grooves 32 in the side wall of the valve body recess 22, which grooves 32 communicate with the space or reservoir 34 situated in the valve body recess 22 beneath the valvb stem 20. An annular recess 50 is disposed in the top shoulder 40 of the valve body 16.
SU2,~Ti3T1TUT:. r2T VO 88/04266 PCT/US87/03 182 The valve stem 20 has an orifice 42 communicating with the space 34, which orifice in the preferred embodiment of the invention acts as a product flow control orifice. A recess 30 is formed in the base of the valve stem 20 having a shoulder 28 against which the arcuate walls 26 bottom when the valve body 16 and valve stem 20 are in assembled relation. The outer wall 48 of the recess 30 in the valve stem is tapered.
Actuator button 36 is mounted on the upper portion of the valve stem 20. An annular rib or barb 38 is formed on the Val ve stem 20, which rib 38 anchors the valve stem 20 to the actuator button 36 and facilitates removal of the Valve stem 20 from the valve body 16.
In the closed position of the aerosol valve, shown in Figure 1, the gasket 14 seals against the annular top shoulder 40 of the valve body 16 and the upstanding arcUate walls 26 of the valve body 16 to prevent passage of product through the slot 21.
In the open position of the valve, shown in Figure 2, pressure on the actuator button 36 depresses the valve stem 20 and the val.ve body 16 to expose the slot 21 to the pressurZized contents of. -the container, thereby permitting passage of the container contents through the slot 21, the grooves 32j the space 34, the OrIfice 42 to the discharge crifice 44.
The product passaqg formed in the valve stem and valve body of the subject invention require no "side actkcr' molding pins. Further disposing the orifice 42 on the discharge side of the space 34 serves the function of permitting product in the valve stem on the discharge side of orifice 42 to back flow into the space 34 and thus not dry and clog the product passage in the valve stem. Still further, disposing the~ orifice 42 on the discharge side of the space 34 SU ECI T UI ~i.Z WO 88/04266 PCT/US87/03182 -6creates a residue of propellant in space 34 upon closing of the aerosol valve, which residue will assist in purging the valve stem and actuator product passages of residual product to thereby avoid or reduce clogging.
In assembling the several valve components, a sub-assembly comprising the valve stem, valve body, spring and gasket is initially made. Such a subassembly properly orients and maintains the position of the gasket relative to the valve body, thereby enabling rapid assembly of the sub-assembly and other valve components without risk of dislodging the orientation of the gasket to the other components prior to permanent positioning of the gasket through crimping of the valve to the mounting cup.
The structure in the valve stem-valve body fitment portions that facilitates disposition and positional stabilization of the gasket onto the valve body is best shown in Figure 7. In assembling the valve unit the gasket 14 is passed over the outside surface of valve stem 20 and ultimately seated on the shoulder of the valve body 16. Movement of the gasket 14 to a seating atop shoulder 40 of arcuate walls 26 is facilitated by the sloped shoulder 48 the valve stem Moreover, the height of the upstanding arcuate walls 26 is preferably greater than the gasket chickness, so as to avoid the top shoulder of the arcuate walls 26 passing beneath the gasket 14 during pressure filling of the container with propellant body.
The structure designation numbers used herein in the description of Figures 1 and 2 likewise designate the same structural components in Figures 3-8.
Ci U I rt I SU TLri-S>1 i

Claims (18)

1. In an aerosol valve unit of an aerosol container, wherein the valve unit comprises a mounting cup for securing the valve unit and attachment to the aerosol container, a gasket having a central opening, a valve housing, a valve stem and a valve body, wherein the valve stein and valve body move within the valve housing in response to pressure on the valve stem, the improvement comprising the valve body having at least one upstanding wall defining a recess in the valve body and having a slot extending from a top shoulder of the upstanding wall which slot communicates with the interior of the container when the valve is actuated; the valve stem comprising a depending extension that frictionally and releasably engages within the valve body recess, said valve body and said depending extension having a longitudinal opening therethrough and an orifice aligned with the longitudinal opening of the valve stem, said orifice communicating at one end with the slot in the recess of the valve body and at the other end with the longitudinal opening in the valve stem; and the central opening of the gasket sealing the slot in the upstanding wall of the valve body when the valve is in a closed position.
2. The aerosol valve unit of claim 1, wherein the recess in the valve body extends from the upstanding wall of the valve body, said extended recess having at least one groove which communicates at one end with the slot and at the other end with the orifice in the valve stem.
3. The aerosol valve of claim 1, wherein there is a space or reservoir formed between the slot of the valve body and the orifice in the valve stem.
4. The aerosol valve of claim 2, wherein there is a space or reservoir formed between the extended recess of the valve body and the orifice in the valve stem, The aerosol valve of claim 2, wherein the depending C 600C a.
C C extension of recess of tl
6. The aei space or res the valve bc
7. The aei arcuate wal3
8. The aez the valva bc
9. The ae: the valve be
10. The ae the valve st valve body c
11. The aet the valve st valve body c
12, The aea the valve st valve body
13. The aei the valve s1 valve body c
14. The aei has a recess wall of the
15. The aea defining the downwardly c
16. The ae3 has a recesQ walls of the
17. The ai shoulder at shoulder ha' 0 ii. C C o g Igo •c oo Il k, 8 extension of the valve stem engages within the extended recess of the valve body. 6. The aerosol valve of claim 5, wherein there is a space or reservoir formed between the extended recess of the valve body and the orifice in the valve stem. 7. The aerosol valve of claim 1, comprising further arcuate walls defining a pair of transverse slots. o S o* S oo 005 *o S 8. The aerosol valve of claim 2, wherein the valva body is aligned with the slot in 9, The aerosol valve of claim 6, wherein the valve body is aligned with the slot in The aerosol valve of claim 1, wherein the valve stem is the product flow control valve body and valve stem. 11. The aerosol valve of claim 2, wherein the valve stem is the product flow control valve body and valve stem, 12, The aerosol valve of claim 3, wherein the valve stem is the product flow control valvo body and valve stem, 13. The aerosol valve of claim 4, wherein the valve stem is the product flow control valve body and valve stem, 14, The aerosol valve of claim 1, wherein has a recess for receiving and mating with wall of the valve body, the groove in 'the valve body. the groove in the valve body. the orifice in orifice in the the orifice in orifice in the the orifice in orifice in the the orifice in orifice in the the valve stem the upstanding The aerosol valve of claim 14, wherein the wall definin -the recess in the valve stem is tapered downwardly and inwardly toward the valve body. 16. The aerosol valve of claim 7, wherein the valve stem has a recess for receiving and mating with the arcuate walls of the valve body. 17. The aorosol of claim i, wherein the valve body has a shoulder at the bottom of the upstanding wall, the shoulder having an annular recess essentially 9 perpendicular to -the wall.
18. An aerosol valve unit substantially as hereinbefore defined with reference to any one of the accompanying figures. DATED this 17th day of, May 1990 ROBERT HENRY ABPLANALP Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: FIB. RIC12 CQ00 eggs s* 0 9: 0 go
AU10808/88A 1986-12-03 1987-12-03 Aerosol valve Expired AU600547B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US934817 1978-08-18
US93481786A 1986-12-03 1986-12-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU1080888A AU1080888A (en) 1988-06-30
AU600547B2 true AU600547B2 (en) 1990-08-16

Family

ID=25466109

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU10808/88A Expired AU600547B2 (en) 1986-12-03 1987-12-03 Aerosol valve

Country Status (18)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0294425B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0661511B2 (en)
KR (1) KR950014317B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE85585T1 (en)
AU (1) AU600547B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8707560A (en)
CA (1) CA1303565C (en)
DE (1) DE3784165T2 (en)
DK (1) DK426788D0 (en)
FI (1) FI883569A0 (en)
GB (1) GB2198189B (en)
MX (1) MX160262A (en)
NO (1) NO883294D0 (en)
NZ (1) NZ222798A (en)
PT (1) PT86287B (en)
SG (1) SG35790G (en)
WO (1) WO1988004266A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA879077B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU666126B2 (en) * 1991-07-02 1996-02-01 Robert Henry Abplanalp Improved tilt action aerosol valve

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9100208A (en) * 1991-02-06 1992-09-01 Driessen B J & Zn Bv AEROSOL, CONTAINER AND SPRAY CAP FOR THAT.
US5480095A (en) * 1993-09-14 1996-01-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Actuator and container for dispensing fluids
US5906046A (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-05-25 Precision Valve Corporation Aerosol tilt valve and method of forming same
US6415957B1 (en) 2000-11-27 2002-07-09 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Apparatus for dispensing a heated post-foaming gel
AU2002305431A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-11 S. C. Johnson And Son, Inc. Post-foaming gel, container therefor and apparatus and method for heating and dispensing
GB2432406A (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-23 Keith Laidler Aerosol valve
CN106513200B (en) * 2014-12-22 2019-02-19 徐龙 With continuous spraying function and filling convenient spray valve and its working method

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915390A (en) * 1972-10-08 1975-10-28 Green Edward Aerosol valve and sprayhead

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US1244457A (en) * 1917-04-09 1917-10-30 Benjamin F Bain Mechanical toy.
US2913154A (en) * 1955-11-07 1959-11-17 Aerosol Res Company Aerosol valve assembly
GB832507A (en) * 1956-03-07 1960-04-13 Metal Box Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to dispensing apparatus for use with containers
BE552876A (en) * 1956-11-28
US3098589A (en) * 1959-05-21 1963-07-23 Graham Cecil Robert Montgomery Liquid dispensing device
GB986274A (en) * 1962-04-18 1965-03-17 Green Edward Howard Improved spray button for an aerosol dispenser
FR1404762A (en) * 1963-07-31 1965-07-02 Improvements to valve sprayers
US3741446A (en) * 1970-12-03 1973-06-26 Ciba Geigy Corp Low pressure product container dispensing valve
US3715081A (en) * 1971-03-26 1973-02-06 E Green Aerosol valve and sprayhead
FR2155033A5 (en) * 1971-10-05 1973-05-18 Rosenthal Claude
CH591998A5 (en) * 1974-12-20 1977-10-14 Green Edward Howard
FR2465938A1 (en) * 1979-09-20 1981-03-27 Aerosol Inventions Dev ADDITIONAL GAS VALVE FOR AEROSOL PACKAGING

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915390A (en) * 1972-10-08 1975-10-28 Green Edward Aerosol valve and sprayhead

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU666126B2 (en) * 1991-07-02 1996-02-01 Robert Henry Abplanalp Improved tilt action aerosol valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR950014317B1 (en) 1995-11-24
DE3784165D1 (en) 1993-03-25
GB8629603D0 (en) 1987-01-21
GB2198189B (en) 1990-01-24
FI883569A (en) 1988-07-29
MX160262A (en) 1990-01-24
EP0294425A4 (en) 1990-04-24
EP0294425A1 (en) 1988-12-14
CA1303565C (en) 1992-06-16
EP0294425B1 (en) 1993-02-10
DE3784165T2 (en) 1993-05-27
JPH01501533A (en) 1989-06-01
NO883294L (en) 1988-07-25
AU1080888A (en) 1988-06-30
FI883569A0 (en) 1988-07-29
PT86287A (en) 1989-01-17
ZA879077B (en) 1988-05-27
SG35790G (en) 1990-07-13
NZ222798A (en) 1990-04-26
NO883294D0 (en) 1988-07-25
GB2198189A (en) 1988-06-08
DK426788A (en) 1988-07-29
KR890700103A (en) 1989-03-02
PT86287B (en) 1993-08-31
DK426788D0 (en) 1988-07-29
BR8707560A (en) 1988-12-06
JPH0661511B2 (en) 1994-08-17
ATE85585T1 (en) 1993-02-15
WO1988004266A1 (en) 1988-06-16

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