AU598980B1 - Flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communications - Google Patents
Flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU598980B1 AU598980B1 AU47287/89A AU4728789A AU598980B1 AU 598980 B1 AU598980 B1 AU 598980B1 AU 47287/89 A AU47287/89 A AU 47287/89A AU 4728789 A AU4728789 A AU 4728789A AU 598980 B1 AU598980 B1 AU 598980B1
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- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- flat
- strip line
- plate
- line resonator
- antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100168115 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) con-6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoprophos Chemical compound CCCSP(=O)(OCC)SCCC VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Support Of Aerials (AREA)
Description
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1952 Form COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Short Title: Int. Cl: Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: Lapsed: Published: Priority: SRelated Art: TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: HARADA INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
Address of Applicant: 17-13, 4-CHOME S. MINAMI OHI
SHINAGAWA-KU
TOKYO
S. JAPAN Actual Inventor: Address for Service: GRIFFITH HACK CO., 601 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: w A ~FLAT-PLATE ANTENNA FOR USE IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS.
i The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to me:- II^t^
I
71 1A- 4: Scc Is 4, 4, 4 4, 4,4 4,i 4,4,44,4 4 4, 4, ,4 4,4 4, 4, 4,4 4,4 4, 4, 4 Background of the Invention 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antenna for use in mobile communications such as automobile telephones e.nd MCA (multi-channel access), etc. which is flat-plate shaped and installed in a flat portion such as roof, trunk lid, etc. of the body of a vehicle such as an automobile, etc.
2. Description of the Related Art 10 Various types of wire-form or linear antennas have been used in the past as antennas for mobile communications. The reasons for this are that wire-form antennas have maximum radiative characteristics in the horizontal direction, as required for mobile communica- 15 tions, and such antennas can easily be endowed with characteristics which are non-directional in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, antennas used for automobile telephones and MCA require broad-band characteristics, and since broad-band techniques have been well established for wire-form antennas, the design and development of such antennas are relatively easy.
In recent years, flat-plate antennas have received attention as antennas for use in mobile communications.
The reason for this is that when a flat-plate antenna is attached to an automobile, there is no projectinq object as in the case of conventional and antennas, and there is no deleterious effect on the style of the automobile, 2 and wind noise occurring during operation of the automobile is decreased. Furthermore, since there is no danger that the antenna will contact car-wash machinery, garages or roadside trees, etc., the problem of damage to the antenna from such sources is eliminated. In these and other respects, such antennas have great practical merit.
In flat-plate antennas it is necessary to endow the antenna with broad-band characteristics. For this reason, antennas with a multi-layer structure have been proposed in the past. Such multi-layer antennas, however, has a complex integral structure and is therefore difficult to adapt as a commercial product.
Summary of the Invention Accordingly, the object of the present invention is 1i to provide a flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communications which has sufficient broad-band charact teristics and has a simple structure.
In the present invention, a strip line resonator is provided inside or underneath a table type antenna ele- S1 ment and a capacitor electrode is installed on the strip line resonator at a position directly facing the center of the table type antenna element.
Thus, since in the present invention, a strip line resonator is inside a table type antenna element and a capacitor electrode is installed on the strip line resonator so that it directly faces the center of the table
I
3 type antenna element. The structure of this antenna is simple and has adequate broad-band characteristics.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1A is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 1B is a front view thereof; Fig. 1C is a circuit diagram which illustrates an equivalent circuit thereof; o °o Fig. 2A is an explanatory diagram of a table type 0 Q Sgo 10 antenna element of Fig. 1A operating in the monopole l °mode; Goo Fig. 2B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 44*0 impedance characteristics in the vicinity of the resonant frequency as viewed from the center of the circular plate; .o Fig. 3A is a perspective view which illustrates a strip line resonator of Fig. 1A; Fig. 3B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the impedance characteristics thereof as viewed from the l 20 feeding point of the feeder line in this case; S° Fig. 4A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the prescnt invention; Fig. 4B is a front view thereof; Fig. 5, Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B are perspective views of modifications of the table type antenna element of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a graph which illustrates the reflection ~1_~11~ If -4loss characteristics with varying coupling capacitance in the embodiment; Figs. 8A and 8B are graphs which respectively illustrate the reflection loss characteristics and impedance characteristics in the embodiment; and Fig. 9 is a graph which illustrates the directionality of the antenna in the vertical plane in the embodiment.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments 1, 0 Fig. 1A is a perspective view of the antenna of the present invention and Fig. 1B is a front view thereof 9* of with a connecting plate omitted. Fig. IC is a circuit 04 t 4 diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the antenna of Fig. 1A.
15 The antenna of the present invention includes the ir 6 following components: A table type antenna element 4 a ground plate 20 which is under the antenna element S, a strip line resonator 30 which is installed inside or underneath the table type antenna element 10, and a 20 capacitor electrode 40 which is installed on the strip line resonator 30 in a position opposite the central Y *portion of the table type antenna element 10. In other words, the electrode 40 is directly below the center of the antenna element 10. Furthermore, the antenna of the present invention includes a feeder line 60 which has a feeding point at a prescribed position on the strip line resonator L i 5 In particular, the table type antenna element includes a circular or oblong conductive flat-plate and a multiple number of connecting parts 11, 12, 13 and 14, which electrically connect the flat-plate 10A to the ground plate 20. This antenna element 10 is excited in the monopole mode.
Both ends of the strip line resonator 30 are grounded to the ground plate 20 via legs 30A. This aoo strip line resonator 30 also serves as an impedance 0 S 10 transformer. The electrostatic capacitance Cc is pro- 6 °vided between the capacitor electrode 40 and the table o a t type antenna element 10 and indicated by the capacitor symbol in Fig. lB. Moreover, in Fig. 1A, the feeder line 60 is shown as being led out from beneath the a:t, 15 ground plate 20; however, it may also be installed a o parallel to the ground plate 20 as indicated by reference numeral 61 in Fig. 1A.
a' Fig. 2A illustrates the relationship between the feeder line 60 and the table type antenna element 20 excited in the monopole mode in the embodiment.
it a a, In cases where the table type antenna element 10 is excited in the monopole mode, where the current flowing through the flat-plate 10A flows uniformly from the center toward the periphery, and the top plate resonates in the lowest-order mode the voltage distribution reaches the maximum in the central portion of the table type antenna element 10, and the impedance 4 il----llrl.rr 6 characteristics as viewed from the center of the flat plate 10A may be treated as those of a parallel resonance circuit of the type shown in Fig. 2B in the vicinity of the resonant frequency.
Fig. 3A shows the strip line resonator 30 which has both ends grounded and is equipped with the capacitor electrode 40 in the above-described embodiment.
When the resonator shown in Fig. 3A resonates in S0 the lowest-order mode the voltage in the area of 0. O.
10 the capacitor electrode 40 reaches the maximum, and the impedance characteristics as viewed from the feeding 4* point 50 of the feeder line 60 may be treated as those .49* of a tapped parallel resonance circuit of the type shown in Fig. 3B in the vicinity of the resonant frequency.
The embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1A and 1B may be viewed as a combination of the table type antenna element 10 shown in Fig. 2A and the strip line resonator shown in Fig. 3A. In this case, the feeder line 60a of SFig. 2A is omitted, and the feeder line 60 is used 20 instead. As a result, a primary resonance circuit S, formed by the strip line resonator 30 and a secondary i resonance circuit formed by the table type antenna element 10 are electrostatically coupled by the electrostatic capacitance Cc between the electrode plates.
Accordingly, in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1A, a double tuning circuit based on capacitive coupling is formed in apparent terms in the vicinity of the resonant 111-~X_1111 7 frequency, as shown in Fig. 1C.
Here, the resonant frequency on the primary side and the resonant frequency on the secondary side are tuned to the frequency being used, the coupling capacitance Cc is set at the critical coupling value, and the position of the feeding point 50 is selected, so that the impedance of the flat-plate antenna of Fig. 1A and the impedance of the feeder line are in a matched state.
f 0As a result, the reflection loss of the flat-plate 1 0 antenna for use in mobile communications shown in I Fig. 1A can be reduced, and a good VSWR value can be t 0 obtained across a broad band.
Normally, the necessary conditions for a flat-plate
U
antenna for use in mobile communications such as automobile telephones, etc. is that the antenna must be excellent in certain respects: First, the antenna must have superior directional characteristics. In other words, the antenna must show maximum radiative characteristics in the horizontal direction and must be nondirectional within the horizontal plane. Second, the B antenna must have broad-band characteristics. For example, in the case of an automobile telephone, the band width must adequately cover 80 MHz band. In Addition, the antenna must have superior impedance matching (matching between the feeder line 60 and the flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communications must be adequately achieved across a broad band), and the
I
8 antenna should also be superior in terms of its mechanical structure. That is, the structure should be simple and easy to manufacture, and mechanical errors occurring in the manufacturing process should not have any great effect on the antenna characteristics.
First, in regard to the directional characteristics, the table type antenna element 10 is shaped so that it is excited in the monopole mode. In other *.lo words, the antenna is shaped so that it has an axially '*oo 10 symmetrical flat-plate 10A and a multiple number of con- 00 0 a necting parts which electrically connect this flat-plate 0 0 to the ground plate 20. As a result, the required a0 directional chaLacteristics can be obtained.
Secondly, in regard to broad-band characteristics, flat-plate antennas which are excited in the monopole 0 (mode generally have a narrow band width. Broad-band characteristics can be obtained to some extent by con- 6 necting the circular plate to a ground plate via a
G
S grounding post. However, there are limits to the impro- 0 20 vement that can be achieved in this way. Accordingly, I ?in the above-mentioned embodiment, broad-band characteristics are obtained by installing a strip line resonator 30 inside the table type antenna element 10, and electrostatically coupling this resonator 30 with the antenna element The next thing to be considered is an impedance matching. In order to cause stable excitation in the 9 PUQ -9monopole mode, it is ordinarily necessary to position the feeding point in the central portion of the antenna.
However, since the center of the antenna is where the voltage is at the maximum, it is difficult to achieve matching between the antenna and the feeder line Accordingly, in the above-described embodiment, feeding is accomplished with the table type antenna element and strip line resonator 30 coupled via the electrostatic capacitance C c Consequently, the impedance of the flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communications and the impedance of the feeder line 60 can be matched by Ito%,varying the position of the feeding point 50 between one grounded end of the strip line resonator 30 and the capacitor electrode 40. By using a method in which S 15 impedance matching is accomplished by varying the position of the feeding point 50, by varying the position of the tap, any effect on the antenna proper in terms of directional characteristics and broad-band characteristics, etc., is minimized. Accordingly, the most appropriate position for the feeding point can be selected relatively easily in the development and design stages of the flat-plate antenna.
The mechanical structure of the above-described embodiment is as follows: The table type antenna element 10 and strip line resonator 30 are finished separately from each other in mechanical terms and then these two parts are simply combined. As a result, the 1 I 10 mechanical demand in the antenna manufacturing process is minimal. Accordingly, the cost of the product is reduced, and as long as ordinary working precision is maintained, there is no deterioration in the antenna characteristics or insufficiency in terms of the mechanical strength of the antenna. Furthermore, if there is a mechanical dimensional error at the time of assembly tends to result in a change in the coupling capacitance.
I o ,Even in such cases, however, the only effect will be a 1 0 certain change in the band width; accordingly, there is S" 'no essential effect on the antenna characteristics.
Fig. 7 is a graph which shows the change in the reflection loss of the antenna that occurs when the coupling capacitance Cc is varied in the above described embodiment.
Go Fig. 8A is a graph which shows measurements of the reflection loss in the embodiment; and Fig. 8B is a graph which shows one example of impedance charac- 44444$ 4 teristics in the embodiment indicated by means of a 20 Smith chart. As for the radiative directional charac- $4 teristics of the antenna in the embodiment, the direc- S tion of maximum radiation of a table-form flat-plate antenna resonating in the monopole mode is more or less horizontal, and such an antenna is more or less nondirectional within the horizontal plane.
Fig. 9 is a graph which shows one example of directional characteristics in the vertical plane in a case 11where the flat-plate antenna of the embodiment is attached to a circular plate-form ground plate with a diameter of 1.5 m.
In the characteristics shown in Fig. 9, the directionality is oriented slightly upward, since a ground plate of finite length is used. However, in cases where a ground plate of an undefined much greater length is used, the directionality is more or less horizontal.
fil Fig. 4A is a perspective view which illustrates jf, 10 another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4B is S a front view thereof with the connecting part 14 shown SW" in Fig. 4A omitted.
In this embodiment, a strip line resonator 31, which is approximately half the length of the strip line resonator 30 of the previous embodiment, and is installed on one side only, is used instead of the strip line resonator 30. In this case as well., the capacitor i i 1 electrode 40 is positioned so that it is located roughly in the center of the table type antenna element 20 Furthermore, in this case as well, an equivalent circuit L C: is formed which is similar to that shown in Fig. 1C.
4 Moreover, in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4A, the strip line resonator 31 resonates at one-fourth the wavelength of the frequency used.
Figs. 5, 6A and 6B illustrate modifications of the table type antenna element In the table type antenna element 10a of Fig. 12 the positions of the connecting parts lla, 12a, 13a and 14a are set not at the edges of the table type antenna element 10a, but rather at prescribed points which are all substantially equidistant from the center of the antenna. Furthermore, the table type antenna element lo0b is constructed using a flat-plate which has the shape of a regular octagon. Connecting parts lib, 12b, 13b and 14b are connected to this flat-plate lo0b. In S, addition to circular and octagonal flat-plates, it would j 10 also be possible to use the flat-plate design with other i "f regular polygonal shapes, hexagonal, etc.
Furthermore, the table type antenna 10c may have rodform connecting parts llc, 12c, 13c and 14c.
In addition, the resonant frequency of the table type antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the size .(length, width, diameter) of the connecting parts.
Furthermore, it would also be possible to use three 1 connecting parts, or five or more connecting parts, instead of four connecting parts as in the case of the j 20 aforementioned connecting parts 11 through 14, lla through 14a, lib through 14b and llc through 14c.
As in detail, the structure of the antenna is simple and has adequate broad-band characteristics.
Claims (4)
1. A flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communi- cations characterized in that said antenna comprises: a table type antenna element which is equipped with 5 a conductive flat-plate part and a multiple number of connecting parts which electrically connect said flat- plate part to a ground plate; a strip line resonator which is installed inside said table type antenna; and a capacitor electrode which is installed on said strip line resonator and directly under the central por- tion of said table type antenna element.
2. A flat-plate antenna according to claim 1, wherein both ends of said strip line resonator are 15 grounded, and said capacitor electrode is installed substantially at the center of said strip line resona- tor, said strip line resonator as a whole being installed at substantially the central location inside said table type antenna, and said strip line resonator being caused to resonate at one-half the wave- length of frequency used.
3. A flat-plate antenna according to claim 1, wherein one end of said strip line resonator is grounded while the other end of said strip line resonator is open, said capacitor electrode is connected to said open portion of said strip line resonator, said strip line resonator as a whole is positioned so that said capacitor 'C 'C
14- electrode is located at a substantially central position inside said table type antenna element and said strip line resonator is caused to resonate at one-fourth (X/4) the wavelength of frequency used. 4. A flat-plate antenna according to claim i, wherein a feeding point is installed between one grounded end of said strip line resonator and capacitor electrode. 5. A flat-plate antenna according to claim 1, 4 wherein the impedance of said flat-plate antenna element and the impedance of the feeder line of said antenna are matched by varying the position of said feeding point in the area between one grounded end of said strip line resonator and capacitor electrode. 6. A flat-plate antenna according to claim i, wherein said flat-plate portion of said table type antenna element is circular or regular polygon in shape. i 7. A flat-plate antenna according to claim 1, wherein said connecting parts are rod-form or plate-form conductors. S8. A flat-plate antenna according to claim 1, wherein the resonant frequency of said table type antenna element is adjusted by adjusting the size (length, width and/or diameter) of said connecting parts. 9. A flat-plate antenna according to claim i, wherein said capacitor electrode is installed so that 15 the electrostatic capacitive coupling between said table type antenna and strip line resonator is more or less in a state of critical coupling. A flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communications, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. HARADA INDUSTRY CO., LTD. By its Patent Attorneys: It I GRIFFITH HACK CO. :I Fellows Institute of Patent ,I Attorneys of Australia. ii E;
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63-330589 | 1988-12-27 | ||
| JP33058988A JPH0821812B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1988-12-27 | Flat antenna for mobile communication |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU598980B1 true AU598980B1 (en) | 1990-07-05 |
Family
ID=18234344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU47287/89A Ceased AU598980B1 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1989-12-28 | Flat-plate antenna for use in mobile communications |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0376643B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0821812B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU598980B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68913180T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2051376T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02308604A (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1990-12-21 | Harada Ind Co Ltd | Flat plate antenna for mobile communication |
| US5181044A (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1993-01-19 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Top loaded antenna |
| US5294938A (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1994-03-15 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Concealedly mounted top loaded vehicular antenna unit |
| FR2709878B1 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-11-24 | Univ Limoges | Monopolar wire-plate antenna. |
| GB2330693B (en) * | 1997-10-23 | 2002-04-24 | Andrew Jesman | Matching device for a multi-frequency antenna |
| JPH11205035A (en) * | 1998-01-19 | 1999-07-30 | Ddi Corp | Bidirectional polarization antenna system |
| JP4053144B2 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2008-02-27 | 日本電業工作株式会社 | Dual-polarized antenna |
| DE10031255A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | slot antenna |
| DE10045634B4 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2005-08-25 | Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. | Resonant antenna for a control device for a motor vehicle and its use |
| JP2003142935A (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-05-16 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Antenna |
| FI118748B (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2008-02-29 | Pulse Finland Oy | A chip antenna |
| EP1763905A4 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2012-08-29 | Pulse Finland Oy | Antenna component |
| FI20041455A (en) | 2004-11-11 | 2006-05-12 | Lk Products Oy | The antenna component |
| FI20055420A0 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2005-07-25 | Lk Products Oy | Adjustable multi-band antenna |
| FI119009B (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2008-06-13 | Pulse Finland Oy | Multiple-band antenna |
| FI118872B (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2008-04-15 | Pulse Finland Oy | Built-in antenna |
| FI118782B (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2008-03-14 | Pulse Finland Oy | Adjustable antenna |
| US8618990B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2013-12-31 | Pulse Finland Oy | Wideband antenna and methods |
| US10211538B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2019-02-19 | Pulse Finland Oy | Directional antenna apparatus and methods |
| FI20075269A0 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2007-04-19 | Pulse Finland Oy | Method and arrangement for antenna matching |
| WO2009001351A1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2008-12-31 | Galtronics Ltd. | Omni directional top loaded monopole |
| FI120427B (en) | 2007-08-30 | 2009-10-15 | Pulse Finland Oy | Adjustable multiband antenna |
| FI20096134A0 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2009-11-03 | Pulse Finland Oy | Adjustable antenna |
| FI20096251A0 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2009-11-27 | Pulse Finland Oy | MIMO antenna |
| US8847833B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2014-09-30 | Pulse Finland Oy | Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control |
| FI20105158A (en) | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-19 | Pulse Finland Oy | SHELL RADIATOR ANTENNA |
| US9406998B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2016-08-02 | Pulse Finland Oy | Distributed multiband antenna and methods |
| FI20115072A0 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Pulse Finland Oy | Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module and radio unit |
| US9673507B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2017-06-06 | Pulse Finland Oy | Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods |
| US8648752B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2014-02-11 | Pulse Finland Oy | Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods |
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| US9450291B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2016-09-20 | Pulse Finland Oy | Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods |
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| US9590308B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2017-03-07 | Pulse Electronics, Inc. | Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same |
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| US9948002B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2018-04-17 | Pulse Finland Oy | Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods |
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| US9722308B2 (en) | 2014-08-28 | 2017-08-01 | Pulse Finland Oy | Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use |
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| US9906260B2 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2018-02-27 | Pulse Finland Oy | Sensor-based closed loop antenna swapping apparatus and methods |
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| US4575725A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1986-03-11 | Allied Corporation | Double tuned, coupled microstrip antenna |
| US4660047A (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1987-04-21 | Itt Corporation | Microstrip antenna with resonator feed |
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-
1988
- 1988-12-27 JP JP33058988A patent/JPH0821812B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-12-22 ES ES89313506T patent/ES2051376T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-22 DE DE1989613180 patent/DE68913180T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-22 EP EP19890313506 patent/EP0376643B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-28 AU AU47287/89A patent/AU598980B1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0278070A1 (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1988-08-17 | Ball Corporation | Circular microstrip vehicular rf antenna |
| EP0278069A1 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-08-17 | Ball Corporation | Near-isotropic low profile microstrip radiator especially suited for use as a mobile vehicle antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0376643A2 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| EP0376643A3 (en) | 1990-11-28 |
| DE68913180D1 (en) | 1994-03-24 |
| JPH02174404A (en) | 1990-07-05 |
| JPH0821812B2 (en) | 1996-03-04 |
| ES2051376T3 (en) | 1994-06-16 |
| DE68913180T2 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
| EP0376643B1 (en) | 1994-02-16 |
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