AU596629B2 - Selenium formulations for pasture/soil application - Google Patents
Selenium formulations for pasture/soil application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU596629B2 AU596629B2 AU67479/87A AU6747987A AU596629B2 AU 596629 B2 AU596629 B2 AU 596629B2 AU 67479/87 A AU67479/87 A AU 67479/87A AU 6747987 A AU6747987 A AU 6747987A AU 596629 B2 AU596629 B2 AU 596629B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- selenate
- barium
- composition
- barium selenate
- selenium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title description 5
- ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimethanil Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=NC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 206010039921 Selenium deficiency Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001056 green pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007757 hot melt coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1952562 Form COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINA,)
FOR OFFICE USE Short Titlo: Int, Cl: Application Number: Lodged: 6i j~l/ Complete Spegification-Lodged: Acce,2ted: Lapsed: Publishedt Priority: Related Art: Thsdocurn- nt contains the_ arnendrncn tq m ide undoj
I
'4 TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: -MINTEC- LIMITED *Address of Applicant: -TNL HOUSE -SELWYN PLACE
-NELSON
NEW ZEALAND I oic"" 't j k V 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 000000 0 00 I 0 0~ 00# Actual Inventor: Address for Service: CLEMENT HACK CO., 601 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: SELENIUM FORMULATIONS FOR PASTURE/SOIL APPLICATION The following statement is a full description of this invention includingj the best method of performing it known to me:- This invention relates to a treatment for selenium deficiency and more particularly to a method or formulation for treating selenium deficiency in soil, pasture, crops or animals.
Selenium is a very important trace element in human and animal nutrition. Severe selenium deficiency in pasture and soil causes ill-thrift of grazing animals, and in the case of sheep, can affect ewe fertility and increase lamb mortality.
Traditionally selenium deficiency in stock has been corrected by the administration of sodium selenate solution to the stock as a drench. The extreme toxicity of sodium selenate requires very small doses and this increases the frequency with which the drench must be applied.
Selenium deficiency in grazing animals can also be corrected by applying sodium selenate directly to pastures, for example as a granule or in admixture with fertilizer. Selenium so applied is taken up by plants and is thereby available to grazing animals. Selenium is generally applied as a granular formulation comprising 1.0% Se in the form of sodium selenate w/w) at rates not exceeding Ikg granules/ha. This is o0 o 20 generally sufficient to correct seleniun, deficiency in grazing S animals for Lp to 12 months following a single application, thus obviating the need for regular drenching.
Pasture selenium levels rise very rapidly following application and tend to decline at a rate faster than desired. Whilst 2 r 3 blood selenium levels of the grazing animal generally remain above the deficiency level throughout the 12 month period this is not always the case with lambs at weaning, in which case drenching is required.
We have therefore been pursuing methods of improving the technique of correcting selenium deficiency by pasture application of selenium compounds.
It is an object of the present inventon to provide a method of pasture/crop application of selenium which will increase the period at which effective selenium levels are maintained by pasture application, in comparison to current methods of application using sodium selenate.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a formulation to use in pasture/crop application in the abovementioned method.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of improving selenium content of an area of land comprising S applying to that area a composition containing an effective amount of barium selenate bound to or in a solid or liquid carrier, the composition releasing the barium selenate at a A slow rate.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating selenium deficiency in grazing animals comprising applying to the pasture to be grazed, an effective amount of r .m barium selenate.
I L-UI_ i i -l-.rru~ il--u" The granule desirably will be of a uniform size to assist in uniform application of the barium selenate to the soil. The granule can thus have a central core of a suitable solid material of a size to achieve the desired purpose. The core can be an inert material such as dolomite chip, coal chips or other suitable substance, or else have some utility in its own right such as fertiliser or other pasture growth regulating agent. The central core desirably is of a particle size of from 1000 to 2411 microns. To this chip the barium selenate in admixture if desired with other agents can be applied. The barium selenate can thus be adhered to the chip by means of an adhesive or else can be dissolved or suspended in a molten substance such as wax which can then be applied to the chips I I and solidified. Combinations both of adhesives and meltable a solids can be employed if desired.
000 0 o a In addition to the core, the granule will incorporate :Oo additional carrier materials. These can be simply filler 0 0Q 0o0". materials, such as pulverised limestone and kaolin clay.
o 00 Furthermore the granule can be colour coded to provide 'identification from other granular materials and hence a suitable pigment can be incorporated during or after manufacture.
00004 The barium selenate is desirably employed in a finely divided pacde forr.
-la& This is generally obtained as a precipitate in its manufacture. It will desirably be of a size such that at least passes a 53 micron aperture sieve.
4 p I~ In a further aspect of the invention there is provided an agricultural composition comprising barium selenate incorporated in a solid carrier.
The barium selenate can be applied directly but in view of its toxicity and in view of the small amounts involved, it is desired to be diluted in a suitable carrier. The carrier can be a fluid such as water in which, because of its relative insolubility, the barium selenate would be suspended. It is envisaged however that solid carriers will be more desirable such as granules in particular. The granules can be formulated with a view to providing desirable control over the rate of PoO" 00 release of the barium selenate to the environment. Thus the 00 o barium selenate can be bound to or in the granule in such a 0000 o manner that it is released slowly from the granule to the 0 o o" environment. This control can be achieved in a number of ways 09000 by applying, for example, a protective coat around the core 0oo containing barium selenate, the protective coat being designed o0 Oo So, to disintegrate in contact with the environment at a desired rate. Alternatively the barium selenate can be bound to other components of the granule by an adhesive or other bonding agent which again is designed to release the barium selenate at a a 0 S" controlled rate. The adhesive if employed, can thus be of required solubility in water or otherwise break down to release the barium selenate under other environmental conditions such as rainfall, etc. Suitable adhesives of low dispersibility include acrylic emulsions. Suitable dispersible adhesives include guar gum or xanthan gum.
5 It is another feature of the invention to use a- water soluble selenate salt such as sodium selenate in combination with barium selenate. It is envisaged that by such combinations by variation of the proportions, the availability of selenium to the soil, pasture and to grazing animals can be chosen for the best results. Thus the initial rapid boost generated by the presence of sodium selenate may be desirable with the longer term availability of selenium through barium selenate then continuing to maintain adequate selenium levels.
It is currently envisaged that the composition of the current probbly invention will contain about 1% selenium in the form of barium selenate or barium selenate/sodium selenate combinations.
Barium selenate for use in the invention can be prepared in situ as can the combination of barium selenate and the water soluble selenate salt such as sodium selenate by mixing a combination of a non-toxic water soluble selenate salt such as sodium selenate and a non-toxic water soluble barium salt such as bariu1 chloride in the desired proportions in conjunction with the desired carrier and then wetting the mixture. It is also envisaged within the scope of the invention that the 4 granule can be formed containing the non-toxic water soluble barium salt such as barium chloride and the non-toxic water soluble selenate salt, such as sodium selenate relying on the moisture in the soil enabling the reaction at least in part to form barium selenate in situ.
6 ri i: 7 -c *u i-e~ (i li~ arr^s~^ -~llrrpa~ The following examples provide illustrations of formulations suitable for use in the practice of the invention.
Example I Dolomite chip (1000-2411 u) Solids from adhesive Barium selenate '1300' fine limestone Green pigment 70.0 1.4 3.7 24.8 0.1 Applied in admixture to carrier as a coating Example II w/w Dolomite chip (1000-2411 u) S 70.0 Applied in admixture as hot melt to carrier Barium selenate Paraffin wax Tall oil '411' Solids from adhesive 'K300' fine lime Barium selenate Green pigment 1.85 5.49 1.37 1.4 17.94 1.85 0.1 Applied in admixture after hot melt coating cooled Example III Dolomite chip (2100-2411 u) 70.0 Applied in admixture as a hot melt to carrier Applied in admixture finally after hot-melt cooled Barium selenate Paraffin wax Tall oil '411' Solids from adhesive 'K300' fine lime qreen pigment 3.7 5.49 1.37 1.4 17.94 0.1 7 1* ji The adhesive used in the above Examples is as follows: Acrylic emulsion 40.0 Water 59.0 Example IV w/W Silicone oil Finely divided sod. selenate 2.4 'A616' polyethylene wax 33.3 'K300' fine limestone 34.3 The above ingredients were heated in admixture to 1300C and o stirred well in molten state to disperse the sodium selenate.
The granules were formed by pouring droplets of molten mix into .o cool paraffin oil. Surplus oil was removed from surface of granules.
Granules as prepared in Examples I to III were applied to pasture. Selenium content in the pasture grass was measured at various mothbhly intervals. Table I shows the pasture selenium content expressed as microgrants/kg dry matter (with a standard S deviation) of the granules of the invention in comparison to a oo0 standard granule (Selcote and the slow release granule prepared in Example IV.
-8r Table I Pasture Se, Micrograms/kg Dry Matter Standard Deviation Treatment, Days 281 309 335 Standard 85 42 32 Granule +33 10 4 Granule 331 161 99 Example I +46 57 31 Granule 260 154 Example II +13 26 18 Granule 345 235 120 Example III +38 30 Granule 175 117 71 Example IV +48 18 19 Control 87 44 27 13 2 Even after 508 days there was still notably higher Se content produced by the granules of Examples II and III than that of the standard.
Other variations within the scope of the invention are envisaged and the invention is not to be limited to any specific feature herein stated. Furthermore where specific S materials have been mentioned and equivalents are known to exist thereto, such equivalent materials are incorporated herein as if specifically set forth.
u~, 9
Claims (16)
1. A method of improving selenium content of an area of land comprising applying to that area a composition containing an effective amount of barium selenate bound to or in a solid or liquid carrier, the composition releasing the barium selenate at a slow rate.
2. A method of treating selenium deficiency in grazing animals comprising applying to the pasture to be grazed which is deficient in selenium, a composition containing an effective amount of barium selenate bound to or in a solid or liquid carrier, the composition releasing the barium selenate at a slow rate.
3. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the composition is in the form of a granule.
4. A method as claimed in claim 4 in wlich the granule comprises a solid central core to which the barium selenate is adhered.
A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the barium selenate is in particle form,
6. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the barium selenate is in particle form in which at least 95p of the particles pass through a 53 micron aperture sieve.
7. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which bArium selenate is applied in combination with sodium selenate.
8. Agricultural composition for improving the selenium content of an area of land comprising an effective amount of selenate and a solid carrier, the composition formulated to release the barium selenate at a slow rate. 11
9. An agricultural composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein the solid carrier is in the form of a granule.
An agricultural composition as claimed in claims 8 or 9 wherein the barium selenate is bound to the carrier by an adhesive which prevents the barium selenate froi dispersing rapidly upon contact with water.
11. An agricultural composition as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10 wherein the granule comprises a solid central core to which barium selenate is adhered.
12. An agricultural composition is claimed in any one of claims 8 it 11 wherein the barium selenate is in particle form.
13. An agricultural composition as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 12 wherein the barium selenate is in particular form in which at least 95% of the particles pass through a 53 micron aperture sieve.
14. An agricultural composition as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 13 which additionally contains sodium selenate.
A method as claimed in claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples.
16. A composition as claimed in claim 8 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples. 1721A Lk I i ir
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ21484086A NZ214840A (en) | 1986-01-15 | 1986-01-15 | Controlled release of barium selenate to pasture |
| NZ214840 | 1986-01-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU6747987A AU6747987A (en) | 1987-07-16 |
| AU596629B2 true AU596629B2 (en) | 1990-05-10 |
Family
ID=19921531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU67479/87A Expired AU596629B2 (en) | 1986-01-15 | 1987-01-12 | Selenium formulations for pasture/soil application |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU596629B2 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ214840A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU625600B2 (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1992-07-16 | Union Oil Company Of California | Selenium-sulfur compositions and uses therefor |
-
1986
- 1986-01-15 NZ NZ21484086A patent/NZ214840A/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-01-12 AU AU67479/87A patent/AU596629B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU625600B2 (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1992-07-16 | Union Oil Company Of California | Selenium-sulfur compositions and uses therefor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ214840A (en) | 1988-10-28 |
| AU6747987A (en) | 1987-07-16 |
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