AU5420196A - Method of making a molded plastic container - Google Patents
Method of making a molded plastic containerInfo
- Publication number
- AU5420196A AU5420196A AU54201/96A AU5420196A AU5420196A AU 5420196 A AU5420196 A AU 5420196A AU 54201/96 A AU54201/96 A AU 54201/96A AU 5420196 A AU5420196 A AU 5420196A AU 5420196 A AU5420196 A AU 5420196A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- making
- gas
- thermoplastic
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010013911 Dysgeusia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001278264 Fernandoa adenophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021268 hot food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/48—Moulds
- B29C49/4823—Moulds with incorporated heating or cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/46—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations characterised by using particular environment or blow fluids other than air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/66—Cooling by refrigerant introduced into the blown article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/46—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations characterised by using particular environment or blow fluids other than air
- B29C2049/4602—Blowing fluids
- B29C2049/4605—Blowing fluids containing an inert gas, e.g. helium
- B29C2049/4608—Nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6604—Thermal conditioning of the blown article
- B29C2049/6606—Cooling the article
- B29C2049/6607—Flushing blown articles
- B29C2049/6646—Flushing blown articles while keeping the final blowing pressure in the article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C49/783—Measuring, controlling or regulating blowing pressure
- B29C2049/7832—Blowing with two or more pressure levels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C49/786—Temperature
- B29C2049/7864—Temperature of the mould
- B29C2049/78645—Temperature of the mould characterised by temperature values or ranges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
- B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
- B29C49/10—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
- B29C49/12—Stretching rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/58—Blowing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
Description
Dβscription
Method of Making a Molded Plastic Container This Application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/412,535, filed March 27, 1995, now expressly abandoned, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to methods of making improved thermoplastic materials, and in particular to a method of making a biaxially oriented, heat set molded container from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or similar thermoplastic polymer, where the container has improved thermomechanical and diffusion properties. 2. Description of Related Art
Organic thermoplastic polymeric plastics such as PET are widely used for making molded containers, thanks to their clarity, impact resistance and dimensional stability. However, carbon dioxide diffuses, or permeates, through PET at a rate that limits the shelf life for carbonated beverages. As a result, inventory that is not sold within a few weeks of manufacture goes "flat" and must be discarded. This is especially true for beer, the taste of which is sensitive to the carbonation level.
A process known as heat setting is used to produce containers that can be filled with hot fluids without shrinking. In this process, amorphous PET is blown into a hot mold, heated above the PET's glass transition temperature, and held at this temperature for a time, followed by slow cooling. The heating causes a significant percentage of the PET to convert from amorphous to crystalline form. Amorphous, or noncrystalline, PET softens and shrinks at temperatures commonly used in the food processing industry. Crystalline PET is an opaque white color and is brittle rather than flexible. However, crystalline PET is strong and retains its
shape without shrinking or softening at higher temperatures than amorphous PET. The commercial realizations of the heat setting process are generally complex, require control of heating and cooling rates inferred from a number of measurements, and require more time for a production cycle than cold blowing methods.
U.S. Patent No. 4,039,641, issued to Collins, discloses a method of manufacturing a heat set plastic container employing a split mold with walls heated to 140° C. While the preferred embodiment uses a liquid to cool the container, an alternate embodiment uses nitrogen gas under pressure, at about ambient temperature, to prevent shrinkage of the container while the mold is cooled to 40° C. The container is held under pressure against the hot mold for 25 seconds while heat setting occurs, followed by cooling the mold to 40° C. The total production time is several times the typical cold molding production cycle time.
U.S. Patent No. 4,385,089, issued to Bonnebat et al., also teaches a process for heat setting a bottle. No apparatus is disclosed for practicing the process. Instead, Bonnebat stresses keeping the temperature of the molded material between the minimum biaxial orientation temperature and 30° C to 50° C above this temperature. The biaxial orientation temperature is defined as the lowest possible temperature which is compatible with achieving stretchability, with a good distribution of the material. For PET, Bonnebat sets the maximum allowable temperature at 120° C. This is within the range of temperatures already used in the industry to preheat a parison, or preform, before beginning the heat setting process. Bonnebat also requires longer cycle times, due mainly to contact time with the mold of 5 to 20 seconds.
Methods have been devised to address the problems of long cycle time and shrinkage of the molded material upon removal from the heated mold. These methods generally utilize a cooling fluid, either liquid or gas. The temperature of the cooling fluid ranges between slightly above ambient
temperature down to zero degrees Celsius.
U.S. Patent No. 4,883,631, issued to Ajmera, discloses a method for heat setting a molded plastic container. In this method, liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen is vaporized at slightly greater than atmospheric pressure, and is used to flush the container following the step wherein the container is held against the mold. The flush continues for a time after the container is removed from the mold. The stuffer rod construction contains a complex network of passages and orifices, and location of the cooling fluid orifices is critical to obtain uniform properties throughout the container. Although the process is intended to reduce the total cycle time, the Ajmera process still has considerably longer cycle times than cold blowing methods. The known heat setting processes have several drawbacks. The first drawback is that the maximum practical hot filling temperature for the containers is about 90° C. Thus, the containers cannot be filled with boiling hot foods. A second drawback is that the improved thermomechanical properties obtained by known heat setting methods largely disappear within 72 hours of heat setting the container. The container must therefore be filled soon after heat setting, or unacceptable shrinkage of the container will occur during filling, just as occurs with a cold blown container. Yet another drawback is that conventional heat setting causes a substantial reduction in the container's ability to retain gases and moisture. The manufacturer is forced to choose between hot filling capability or good gas and moisture retention. Most beer is heat pasteurized before bottling, and requires a container that can be hot filled. Because of the relatively high rate of carbon dioxide permeation through conventional heat set PET bottles, beer is not presently packaged in molded plastic containers. The poor moisture retention of conventional heat set bottles forces producers of fruit juices to overfill their bottles to ensure that the quantity of product inside the container doesn't fall below the amount shown on the label due to evaporation through the
bottle .
Summary of the Invention
It is therefore an object of the invention to produce a biaxially oriented, heat set, molded plastic container having gas and moisture retention properties at least comparable to containers made by cold blowing processes. Another object is to produce a molded plastic container that is able to withstand a filling temperature of 100° C without significant shrinkage or loss of strength of the container. A third object is that the total time required to practice the method be as short as possible, to allow production rate to be as high as possible. Yet another object of the invention is that the method of manufacturing the plastic container use equipment similar to existing methods for making plastic containers. Finally, an object is that the method require a minimum number of steps.
These objects are achieved by placing a preheated preform in a mold with heated walls, inserting a stuffer with a stretch rod into the preform, stretching the preform to the length of the cavity formed by the mold, expanding the preform against the mold with pressurized gas, holding pressure inside the preform for a predetermined time, followed by purging and cooling the interior of the molded preform with nitrogen gas at a temperature below -50° C and a pressure of at least 520 kPag, followed by releasing the final product from the heated mold. The total time the PET contacts the heated mold walls affects the amount of crystalline PET in the final product. The cold nitrogen cools the molded preform enough to keep the final product from sticking to the hot mold walls when released. The final product can be subjected to hot fill temperatures around 100° C with less than a one percent change in linear dimensions. This hot filling capability remains substantially unchanged at least ninety days after heat setting. In addition, the final product made by the claimed process provides gas and moisture barriers at least comparable to cold blown containers. Since the method steps, and the
apparatus used to implement them, are very similar to those already used in known molding techniques, retrofitting an existing production line requires a minimum of cost and new equipment. Finally, total cycle time is equivalent to that of cold molding methods and is considerably shorter than conventional heat setting method cycle times, allowing for high production rates.
These and other objects, advantages and features of this invention will be apparent from the following description taken with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Brief Description of the Drawing
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, partially cross-sectional view of apparatus used in a method of making a molded plastic container according to the invention, prior to stretching the plastic preform.
FIG. 2 is a side plan view of a typical plastic preform used in the method. FIGS. 3 to 5 are views similar to FIG.l showing various stages in the method.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
In the following discussion, it should be appreciated that the figures and description of the apparatus used to practice the method are intended merely to functionally describe the apparatus, and not limit it to any particular configuration.
Referring now to the drawing, and in particular to Figure 2, a typical preform 11 is shown. The preform 11 is made of polyethylene terephthalate, although other thermoplastic polymers having biaxially oriented molecular structures can be used. The preform 11 has a cylindrical body 13 with a round cap 15 and a tapered body section 17. The tapered body section 17 connects to the neck 19 via a bumper ring 21 and collar 23.
To begin the process, preform 11 is preheated in an oven
(not shown) to soften it, according to methods known in the art. The preform 11 is then grasped around the collar 23 by a collet 25 that has a pair of jaws adapted to hold the collar 23 snugly and to provide a surface on which bumper ring 21 can rest. Collet 25 moves preform 11 to the next step, wherein preform 11 is placed into an opened split mold 26 made of two halves 27 and 29. The mold halves 27 and 29 are then closed around preform 11. The mold halves 27 and 29 are heated to a temperature preferably between 150° C and 177° C by oil circulating in channels 31 in the mold halves 27 and 29, or similar heating methods known in the art. Mold temperatures can be in the range of 130° C to 232° C; higher temperatures generally reduce the required time for heat setting.
In the next step, a stuffer 33 is inserted in preform neck 19 to hermetically seal preform 11, as shown in Figure 1. A stretch rod 35 with a rounded tip 37 mates snugly with a hole 38 in the stuffer 33, forming an airtight seal. Both the stuffer 33 and stretch rod 35 have passages (not shown) for pressurizing and depressurizing the preform 11 with a gas. Openings 36 in the stretch rod 35 discharge the gas into the preform 11. The openings 36 are 1/16 inches (1.6 mm) in diameter, with a 45° counterbore with an outer diameter of 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) , spaced one half to one inch (12 to 25 mm) apart along the length of the stretch rod. The counterbored openings 36 act as spray nozzles for dispersing the gas evenly through the preform 11. An actuator 39 is attached to the stretch rod 35 and the stuffer 33, and provides driving means to slide the rod 35 back and forth through the stuffer 33.
The actuator 39 extends the stretch rod 35 through the stuffer 33, during which the rod 35 engages the preform cap 15. As the rod 35 continues it travel, the preform 11 stretches until the cap 15 reaches the bottom of the cavity 40 formed by the mold walls 27 and 29, as shown in Figure 3. An internal stop (not shown) in actuator 39 prevents further travel by the rod 35. This stretching action biaxially orients the thermoplastic. The biaxial orientation is predominantly responsible for the gas and moisture retention
properties of the container.
In the next step, a supply valve 41 is opened, and compressed air at about ambient temperature flows into the preform 11, causing the preform 11 to expand out and mold against the mold halves 27 and 29, as shown in Fig. 4. The air should be free of moisture, oil and foreign particles. It is believed that the degeneration of thermomechanical properties over time, that occurs in containers made with known heat setting processes, is predominantly due to absorption of moisture into the PET during conventional heat setting processes. Other dry, oil-free gases can be used, such as nitrogen. The step can be performed by using a low pressure air supply (not shown) to pre-blow the container, followed by blowing with a high pressure air supply (not shown) to complete the blowing and pressurizing of the molded preform 47. The supply valve 41 is opened for a total time of from about 0.3 seconds to about 0.8 seconds and then closed, although this time can be increased to vary the amount of heat setting. The vent valve 43 is then opened to vent the air.
A nitrogen supply valve 45 is opened at the same time or slightly after the high pressure air is supplied to the preform 11. A check valve 46 in the nitrogen supply line 42 is set below the pressure of the high pressure air. This keeps nitrogen from flowing through the nitrogen supply line
42 during this step. The use of the check valve 46 is preferred, as it simplifies design (no need for additional timers, etc.) and prevents accidental backflow of air into the nitrogen line 42, but is not required. The next step in the method begins when the vent valve
43 opens and pressure in the molded preform 47 drops below the check valve 46 set point. When this occurs, nitrogen gas will immediately begin to flow through the nitrogen supply line 42 and into the molded preform 47. The nitrogen purges the air from the molded preform 47, cools the molded preform 47, and keeps the molded preform 47 pressurized. The nitrogen supply pressure is at least 690 kPa gauge (100 psig) . Preferable
supply pressure is 2070 to 3100 kPa gauge (300 to 450 psi gauge) . Pressure inside the molded preform 47 must be maintained to at least 520 Kpag (75 psig) during this step to realize the improved hot filling and vapor/moisture barrier properties.
The nitrogen gas is created by vaporizing liquid nitrogen through a restriction (not shown) , located upstream of the supply valve 45. As the nitrogen passes through the restriction, it vaporizes completely, producing nitrogen gas under pressure and at cryogenic temperatures, typically between -209° C and -100° C. Nitrogen gas that has been cooled to a temperature below -50° C, and preferably to below -100° C, can also be used. The gas supply line 42 should be suitably insulated, if necessary, to keep the nitrogen gas within the desired temperature range when it enters the molded preform 47.
The vent valve 43 is held open for a total of about 1.3 to 1.5 seconds during this step. The nitrogen valve 45 is closed about 0.1 to 0.2 seconds before the step finishes. The total open time for the nitrogen valve 45, for a given degree of heat setting, varies inversely with the mold wall temperature. Longer total open time for a given temperature will result in greater heat setting. The vent valve 43 remains open through the next step in the method. Flushing the interior of the molded preform 47 with pressurized, cryogenic nitrogen during this step affects the plastic. It appears that the molecular structure of the PET contacting the nitrogen is tightened, increasing the density of the PET. The nitrogen also appears to migrate into, and bond with, the PET in the molded preform 47. At the same time, the cryogenic nitrogen cools the PET rapidly, thereby annealing the PET. The combination of these mechanisms produces a container that has lower percentages of crystalline PET than conventional heat setting methods, yet can withstand higher hot filling temperatures. In addition, the container does not suffer any loss of the gas and moisture barrier properties that occurs from conventional heat setting methods.
Flushing the container with nitrogen also removes acetaldehyde and other undesirable volatile components that are created during heat setting. These components can impart an unpleasant aftertaste to the container's contents. In the last step of the method, the mold halves 27 and 29 are opened, the stuffer 33 and the related apparatus are removed, and the collet 25 moves the final product 49 on to another part of the manufacturing plant (not shown) . The vent valve 43 is left open from the prior step, thereby depressurizing the final product 49 to atmospheric pressure before the stuffer 33 is removed. The delay time between closing the nitrogen valve 45 and opening the mold 26 is critical. Cooling ceases when the nitrogen valve 45 closes. The pressure holding the final product 49 against the mold 26 is also decreasing rapidly. Therefore, if the final product 49 is kept in contact with the mold 26 for longer than about 0.3 seconds, the container will overheat and shrink.
For heat setting processes known in the art, cooling of the mold 26 is often required to keep the final product 49 from sticking to the mold 26 during release. This is not necessary using the present method, because the cold nitrogen cools the final product 49 sufficiently to prevent sticking, even though the mold walls 27 and 29 remain heated. The mold halves 27 and 29 can thus be kept at the heat setting temperature at all times, reducing thermal cycling fatigue on the mold 26 and greatly reducing the process cycle time.
Bottles made using known heat setting processes often suffer from stress cracking in the base, in and around the area where the stretch rod 35 contacts the preform 11. The PET in this region crystallizes excessively due to excessive heating. The excessive heat in turn occurs due to repeated heating of the stretch rod by conductive heat transfer from one cycle to another, followed by incomplete cooling of the stretch rod. Stretch rod heat buildup and the associated stress cracking is avoided using the present method for two reasons. Firstly, the stretch rod heating time is greatly reduced from conventional methods, resulting in less heating
of the stretch rod. Secondly, the nitrogen that cools the interior of the molded preform 47 also completely cools the stretch rod 35.
The use of vaporized liquid nitrogen also results in fewer defects in the final product 49. Because liquid nitrogen contains no significant amounts of moisture, dirt particles, or oil, as compressed air often does, imperfections caused by these contaminants is prevented. As previously discussed, it is believed that the absence of water in the nitrogen supply is a factor in creating containers that retain their thermomechanical properties for longer than 72 hours.
The following examples illustrate the claimed method and the improved properties of a container produced according to the claimed method. EXAMPLE 1
A run of 200 test containers was prepared from 21 gram preforms designed to produce a 12 oz. (355 ml) bottle, using commercial grade amorphous PET having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.76 and density of 1.34 g/ml. For each test container, the preform was preheated to a temperature of about 195° F (90° C) , and placed in a mold maintained at 285° F (141° C) . The preform was stretched, then expanded by pressurizing with air at 90 psig (620 kPag) for 0.2 seconds, followed with air at 300 psig (2070 kPag) for 0.9 seconds. The nitrogen check valve was set at 290 psig (2000 kPag) . A vent valve was opened, and vaporized nitrogen at about -200° C was blown into the molded preform. The nitrogen was flushed through the container for 1.2 seconds, followed by a 0.2 second delay before opening the mold. Total time for the preform within the mold was less than 3 seconds.
For comparison, a run of 200 control containers were prepared using a cold blow molding method. The control containers were produced using identical preforms as those used to produce the test containers, and were molded to the same shape. Samples of both the control containers and the test containers were selected immediately after production, and tested for mechanical properties and hot filling
performance at several temperatures. The hot filling performance tests were repeated on different samples 30 days after production.
Table 1 summarizes the results of the tests performed in the first 30 days after production. The overfill volume data is adjusted to 68° F (20° C) .
TABLE 1
Test Avg. Test Avg. Control Avg.
(Day 1) (30 days) (Day 1)
185° F/85° C Overfill -0.753 1.255 -20.905 volume change, %
195° F/91° C Overfill -2.479 2.478 -27.553 volume change, %
185° F/85° C height -0.013 0.115 -4.726 change, % 195° F/91° C height -0.228 0.208 -6.236 change, %
A test container was filled with hot oil at 230° F (110° C) . The container's height reduction was less than one percent. Hot filling performance did not markedly deteriorate after 30 days. In fact, tests showed a slight improvement in hot filling performance for 195° F (91° C) .
In addition, samples of both the control containers and the test containers were sent to Plastic Technologies Inc.'s laboratory in Holland, Ohio for testing. The laboratory tested mechanical properties, hot filling performance, crystallinity, density, and C02 barrier performance more than 90 days after production. The C02 barrier test was performed on a Permatran C IV permeation test device, and the containers
were carbonated to a level of 3.8 volumes and held at 73° F (23° C) . The test results are summarized in Table 2. Several bottles were also tested by PTI for C02 retention over a ten week period. The results are summarized in Table 3.
TABLE 2
Control Test Sample Sample
Crystallinity (sidewall), % 26.5 33.8 Crystallinity (base), % 20.8 30.9 Density (sidewall), g/ml 1.3647 1.3734 Density (base), g/ml 1.3579 1.3699 185° F Capacity change, % -7.11 -0.055 195° F Capacity change, % -18.31 -0.16 210° F Capacity change, % -34.97 -0.25 185° F Height change, % -5.14 -0.266 195° F Height change, % -6.32 -0.423 210° F Height change, % -7.96 -0.550 CO2 permeation rate, 4.7 4.7 ml(STP)/day
TABLE 3
Control Test
Sample Sample initial CO2, volumes 4.70 4.70
CO2 at week 5, volumes 3.78
CO2 at week 8, volumes 3.73
CO2 at week 9, volumes 3.43
CO2 at week 10, volumes 3.23 3.23
The crystalline PET content of the test containers was lower than the content for known heat setting methods, which normally require about a 38% or higher crystalline PET content
to ensure good hot fill performance. Despite the lower crystalline PET content, the test containers produced by the claimed method had improved hot filling performance over known methods.
EXAMPLE 2
A small run of test containers and control containers were prepared at the same time as the containers for Example 1. The containers were prepared from 19 gram preforms designed to produce a 12 oz. (355 ml) bottle, using commercial grade amorphous PET having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.76 and density of 1.34 g/ml. The containers were made using the same method as Example 1. The containers from this run were also tested for C02 retention by Plastic Technologies Inc.'s laboratory. The control samples started with 4.36 volumes of C02 and at the end of eight weeks the container held 3.09 volumes of C02. The test samples started with 4.36 volumes of C02 and at the end of eight weeks the container held 2.93 volumes of C02.
Another embodiment (not shown) is envisioned, for use in extruded mold blowing processes. In this embodiment, the "preform" is a tubular length of plastic, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, that is extruded into the mold. The plastic is extruded to the full length of the final product, and the open end of the preform is pinched shut by the bottom edge of the mold. Thus, there is no stretch rod
35 or a step wherein the stretch rod 35 stretches the preform 11 to the length of the final product 49. Except for these differences, the method is identical to that already described. The preform is blown into the mold, first by a short pre-blow utilizing a low pressure air supply, followed by pressurizing the molded preform with a high pressure air supply. The container is purged under a pressure of at least 520 kPag (75 psig) with cryogenic nitrogen, followed by depressurizing the container and releasing the final product from the mold. This process can be employed to make extruded objects in shapes other than containers.
An advantage of the claimed method for extruded blow molding is that polyethylene containers produced using the claimed method will accept ink printing on the outer surface. Extruded polyethylene containers produced by known methods require post-production treatment with an open flame on the outer surface of the container in order for ink to stick to the plastic's surface.
The claimed method can be adapted to produce improved thermoplastic material in any thin form, including but not limited to plastic in sheet and film form. Thin as used in this case is defined to mean thicknesses of up to one-quarter inches (6.4 mm). In such a process, one side of the thermoplastic material is contacted with a heated surface, such as a heated conveyer belt. The other side of the material would then be pressurized with gas at cryogenic temperatures as already discussed. The resulting plastic will have improved thermomechanical properties. In addition the
gas and moisture barrier properties will not be substantially reduced from their values before practicing the claimed method.
From the foregoing it will be seen that this invention is well adapted to attain all of the ends and objectives hereinabove set forth, together with other advantages which are inherent to the apparatus.
It will be understood that certain features and sub combinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and sub combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
As many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the figures of the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims (17)
1. A method of making a molded plastic container from a preform made from a thermoplastic polymer, comprising the following steps: a. preheating the preform to soften the plastic; b. inserting the preform into a split mold whose walls are heated to a temperature in the range of 130° C to 240° C, and preferably in the range of 150° C to 177 ° C; c. inserting a stuffer into the preform; d. injecting a first gas into the preform, thereby expanding and molding the preform against the walls of the mold, and holding pressure in the molded preform for a predetermined time; e. venting the first gas from the molded preform; f. while venting, injecting a second gas into the molded preform at a pressure above 690 kPa, and preferably above 2070 kPa, the second gas entering the interior of the preform at a temperature below -50° C and preferably below -100° C, and purging and cooling the molded preform with the second gas for a predetermined time, during which time the molded preform transforms into a final product; and g. releasing the final product from the mold.
2. A method of making a molded plastic container as in claim 1, wherein the first gas in step (d) is taken from the group of compressed air and compressed nitrogen.
3. A method of making a molded plastic container as in claim 1, wherein the second gas in step (f) is nitrogen.
4. A method of making a molded plastic container as in claim 3, wherein the nitrogen is supplied by vaporizing liquid nitrogen across a restriction.
5. A method of making a molded plastic container as in claim 1, further comprising a stretch rod passing through a hole defined in the stuffer, the rod being capable of sliding within the stuffer and forming an airtight seal therewith;
6. A method of making a molded plastic container as in claim 5, further comprising the step, occurring between steps (c) and (d) in claim 1, of stretching the preform axially with the rod to the length of the final product.
7. A method of making a molded plastic container as in claim 1, wherein the preform is made of a material taken from the group of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
8. A molded plastic container made using the method of claim 1.
9. A molded plastic container made using the method of claim 6.
10. A method of making an improved thin polymeric thermoplastic having a first side and a second side, comprising the steps of: a. contacting the first side of the thermoplastic with a surface heated to a temperature in the range of 100° C to 240° C, and preferably in the range of 150° C to 177 ° C ; b. maintaining contact with the surface for a predetermined time; c. pressurizing the second side of the thermoplastic with a gas at a pressure above 690 kPa, and preferably above 2070 kPa, and at a temperature below -50° C and preferably below -100° C, and purging the second side of the thermoplastic while maintaining pressure on the thermoplastic with the gas for a predetermined time, during which time the thermoplastic transforms into a final product; and d. depressurizing the final product and removing contact of the final product with the heated surface.
11. A method of making an improved thin polymeric thermoplastic as in claim 10, further comprising the step, occurring between steps (a) and (b) , of pressurizing the second side of the thermoplastic with a first gas.
12. A method of making an improved thin polymeric thermoplastic as in claim 11, wherein the first gas is taken from the group of compressed air and compressed nitrogen.
13. A method of making an improved thin polymeric thermoplastic as in claim 10, wherein the gas in step (c) is nitrogen.
14. A method of making an improved thin polymeric thermoplastic as in claim 13, wherein the nitrogen is supplied by vaporizing liquid nitrogen across a restriction.
15. A method of making a molded plastic container as in claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic is made of a material taken from the group of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
16. An improved thin polymeric thermoplastic made using the method of claim 10.
17. An improved thin polymeric thermoplastic made using the method of claim 11.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US41253595A | 1995-03-27 | 1995-03-27 | |
US08/412535 | 1995-03-27 | ||
US08/587282 | 1996-01-12 | ||
US08/587,282 US5730914A (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-01-16 | Method of making a molded plastic container |
PCT/US1996/003167 WO1996030190A1 (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-07 | Method of making a molded plastic container |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU5420196A true AU5420196A (en) | 1996-10-16 |
AU704903B2 AU704903B2 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
Family
ID=27021814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU54201/96A Ceased AU704903B2 (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-07 | Method of making a molded plastic container |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0760737A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10501481A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1064892C (en) |
AU (1) | AU704903B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9605942A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2191093C (en) |
MX (1) | MX9605868A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ306047A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996030190A1 (en) |
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CN1089668C (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2002-08-28 | 李缵缨 | Production method for P. E. T. container bottle neck for hot filling |
CN1089667C (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2002-08-28 | 李缵缨 | P. E. T. container for hot-filling and its manufacturing method |
US6485669B1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2002-11-26 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Blow molding method for producing pasteurizable containers |
US6485670B1 (en) | 1999-11-09 | 2002-11-26 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Blow molding method for producing pasteurizable containers |
US6568156B2 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2003-05-27 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Method of providing a thermally-processed commodity within a plastic container |
US6514451B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2003-02-04 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Method for producing plastic containers having high crystallinity bases |
US6413466B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-07-02 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method |
US6626324B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2003-09-30 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Plastic container having a crystallinity gradient |
CN100408309C (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2008-08-06 | 林子祥 | Method and equipment for making hot-filling polyester bottle |
ITRM20020453A1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-11 | Sipa Spa | CONTAINER PAINTING PROCESS AND PLANT. |
ITRM20020452A1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-11 | Sipa Spa | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF COATINGS |
JP2007504022A (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2007-03-01 | エスアイジー テクノロジー リミテッド | Container blow molding method and apparatus |
FR2921293B1 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2012-11-02 | Sidel Participations | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING CONTAINERS COMPRISING AN INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSURIZATION OPERATION |
DE102009031154A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-05 | Krones Ag | Method for converting a blow molding machine and blow molding machine |
AU2010298133A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2012-04-19 | Plastipak Packaging, Inc. | Stretch blow molded container and method |
WO2011079917A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-07-07 | Norgren Gmbh | A blow-molding system with a stretch rod including one or more valves, a rod for a blow moulding system and a method for operating a blow-moulding |
DE102010007541A1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-30 | KHS Corpoplast GmbH, 22145 | Method and device for producing filled containers |
CN103635389B (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2016-04-13 | Khs有限责任公司 | The method and apparatus of the container of filling for the manufacture of utilizing liquid filler |
DE102011012664A1 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-08-30 | Khs Corpoplast Gmbh | Method for manufacturing containers filled with liquid filling material from preforms made of thermoplastic material, involves conditioning respective preform in thermal manner |
CN102642300A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 林明茳 | Heated air delivery pipe of plastic stretch blowing machine |
JP6093686B2 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-03-08 | 三菱重工食品包装機械株式会社 | Blow molding method and apparatus |
CN104943928A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-30 | 广州一道注塑机械有限公司 | Gas-assisted high-barrier preform |
CN105690812B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2019-06-21 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of online deep cooling reforming apparatus of high molecular material injection-moulding device |
WO2019058813A1 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-28 | 株式会社吉野工業所 | Method for manufacturing liquid-containing container |
CN109571914B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-05-14 | 海安华驰塑业科技有限公司 | Blow molding device with temperature control function |
CH716011A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-09-30 | Alpla Werke Alwin Lehner Gmbh & Co Kg | Blow molding tool for a blow molding machine. |
CN114407336A (en) * | 2022-01-08 | 2022-04-29 | 史江腾 | Blow molding mold for plastic production |
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GB1474044A (en) * | 1974-12-03 | 1977-05-18 | Ici Ltd | Plastics container manufacture |
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JPS59129125A (en) * | 1983-01-17 | 1984-07-25 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Manufacture of thermoplastic polyester container |
JPS61227017A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-10-09 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | Manufacture of blow molded body by blowing gas and device thereof |
US4883631A (en) * | 1986-09-22 | 1989-11-28 | Owens-Illinois Plastic Products Inc. | Heat set method for oval containers |
US5035931A (en) * | 1988-09-12 | 1991-07-30 | Dai Nippon Insatsu K.K. | Multi-layer parison, multi-layer bottle and apparatus for and method of manufacturing parison and bottle |
US5182122A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1993-01-26 | Nissei Asb Machine Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for stretch blow molding hollow heat-resistant container |
-
1996
- 1996-03-07 JP JP8529420A patent/JPH10501481A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-07 EP EP96911261A patent/EP0760737A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-07 BR BR9605942A patent/BR9605942A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-07 AU AU54201/96A patent/AU704903B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-03-07 NZ NZ306047A patent/NZ306047A/en unknown
- 1996-03-07 WO PCT/US1996/003167 patent/WO1996030190A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-07 CA CA002191093A patent/CA2191093C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-07 MX MX9605868A patent/MX9605868A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-07 CN CN961902477A patent/CN1064892C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
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CA2191093A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
CN1148827A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
BR9605942A (en) | 1997-08-12 |
CA2191093C (en) | 2000-08-22 |
CN1064892C (en) | 2001-04-25 |
EP0760737A4 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
NZ306047A (en) | 1999-02-25 |
MX9605868A (en) | 1997-12-31 |
EP0760737A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
WO1996030190A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
JPH10501481A (en) | 1998-02-10 |
AU704903B2 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
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