AU5020390A - Method and apparatus for dispensing liquid - Google Patents

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING LIQUID

This application is a continuation-in-part of ap¬ plication Serial No. 403,189, filed September 5, 1989 for Method and Apparatus for Dispensing Liquid, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 298,368, filed January 18, 1989, for Method and Ap¬ paratus for Dispensing Liquid.

Background of the Invention

The present invention relates to packaging and dis¬ pensing of liquid, and more particularly concerns pack- aging of draft beer for optimum retention of carbon dioxide and improved dispensing.

Draft beer sold in retail outlets is dispensed from commercial metal containers that are connected to a source of pressurized gas. The commercial container has a complex spigot having internal baffling designed to control foam produced when beer is dispensed. Such spigots are expensive. In smaller containers, rela¬ tively small diameter baffle tube or "pigtail" extends from the spigot toward the bottom of the container to control foam. The barrel is pressurized by a suitable gas, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen or air, and dis¬ pensing of contents of the container is provided under the force of the internal pressure of the container. Draft beer marketed for home use must be provided with similar pressurizing equipment or the beer must be con¬ sumed quickly from an opened container. In some ar¬ rangements, for home dispensing, a hand pump is provided or sometimes even sold with the beer container, so that the container may be repeatedly pressurized with air from the pump to enable dispensing of the contents. In general in such prior systems, the beer is dispensed only by the force of the internal pressurization. Such internal pressurization is the source of a number of disadvantages with regard to economy of manufacture, convenience and safety. With an internal small diameter tube attached to the spigot, it is more difficult, in the capping of the filled container, to locate the tube through the opening of the container and to attach the cap. It is inconvenient and more costly to have to use some type of pressurizing pump or gas cartridge to maintain an adequate internal pressure at all times. Where a pump is employed for home use, strength of the container becomes important to avoid over pressurization of the container by a consumer and the attendant danger of explosion of a weak or defective container when over pressurized accidentally. Further, beer dispensed under such pressurization may foam exces- sively, particularly when a nearly empty bottle is fur¬ ther pressurized by a hand pump to dispense the last of the beer.

To avoid such problems and inconvenience, expense and danger, attempts have been made to package draft beer for sale to the consumer in containers that do not need to be pressurized for dispensing of beer, but still other problems have arisen in this type of packaging. Draft beer, when packaged for sale directly to the consumer, must have a shelf life of some 30 to 60 days, and yet retain a sufficient content of dissolved carbon dioxide so as not to be "flat" when opened by the con- sumer. However, where the beer is packaged in a plastic container, permeability of the container to carbon dioxide may cause an unacceptable loss of gas from the package during normal shelf life. Further, when con¬ tents of the package have been partially dispensed by the consumer and it is desired to store the package with the remaining contents for two or three days, there is a further loss of carbon dioxide and degradation of palatability. It is generally found that the remaining contents, when dispensed after the previously opened packaged has been re-sealed and stored for some time, will be flat and less palatable because of the lack of carbon dioxide content.

In the dispensing of draft beer through the spigot of a container that is not connected to an outside pres- surizing source, beer flowing out tends to create a vacuum within the container, thereby stopping the flow, or at least preventing a smooth nonfoaming flow, unless adequate venting is provided. Spigots of the prior art beer containers have not provided satisfactory venting. Initial opening and pressure release are other problems encountered with the small draft beer con¬ tainers sold for consumer use. Pressure within a con¬ tainer of draft beer is rapidly released when the con¬ tainer seal is broken for initial dispensing of the beer. Such sudden pressure release may result in a projected spray of beer and gas for some distance from the container, unless the container is opened very slowly and with great care. It is difficult to avoid such undesirable spray when opening a container having presently known spigots.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present inven- tion to provide a draft beer package and an improved spigot that will avoid or minimize above-mentioned problems.

Summary of the Invention

In carrying out principles of the present invention in accordance with a particular embodiment thereof, draft beer is packaged in a pressurized container which, immediately prior to use, is depressurized by venting pressure of the container head space through a pressure release port, so that the internal pressure of the con- tainer is substantially atmospheric and the beer is dis¬ pensed under the force of gravity, while providing vent¬ ing to forestall the creation of a blocking vacuum. Draft beer is packaged in a container by filling the container with beer having a dissolved carbon dioxide volume that is between 2.6 and 3.1 times the volume of the beer. The container is pressurized during the fill¬ ing operation to help contain the carbon dioxide dis¬ solved in the beer during handling and shelf storage. Thereafter, when ready for use, the internal pressure is released and the contents dispensed. A spigot fixed to the container is provided with a pour spout and a vent port, with the pour spout being positioned between the container and the vent port. A slidable closure barrel is mounted to move within the spigot to (a) an inner sealing position wherein the container is sealed, (b) a pressure bleed position wherein only a small pressure release port between the pour spout and the container is opened, and (c) a dispensing position in which the pour spout and vent port are both open. The closure barrel is provided with different arrangements in communication with the vent port that enable air to flow into the con- tainer, but prevent outward flow of liquid through the vent port. Interengaging cam means on the closure bar¬ rel and spigot cause the closure barrel to move axially when it is rotated, thereby providing precise control of the closure barrel position. The described arrangement has a number of ad¬ vantages. It provides a self-contained draft beer package needing no pump or other attachable pressuriza¬ tion device. It also provides a low-cost draft beer filled container and the convenience and safety of sub- stantially atmospheric pressure within the container.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig. 1 is a pictorial illustration of a pair of containers embodying principles of the present invention about to be stacked one upon the other; Fig. 2 illustrates the two containers in stacked position;

Fig. 3 is an exploded pictorial view of a spigot embodying principles of the present invention and a neck of a container to which it is to be secured; Fig. 4 is a pictorial view of the spigot with the closure barrel removed from the spigot body;

Fig. 5 is a cross section of the spigot in closed position, with the container upright for storage;

Fig. 6 is a cross section of the spigot in pressure release position, with the container upright;

Fig. 7 is a section taken on lines 7-7 of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a front view of the pour spout, vent port and pressure release orifice;

Fig. 9 is a cross section of the spigot in open dispensing position, with the container resting on its side;

Fig. 10 is a section taken on lines 10-10 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a developed view of the exterior surface of the spigot body; Fig. 12 is a section taken on lines 12-12 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a cross section of a modified form of spigot;

Fig. 14 is a view of the bottom of the spigot of Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is an illustration of a bottle with parts broken away showing a vent tube in the bottle connected through the spigot;

Figs. 16, 17 and 18 are cross sections of the spigot and closure barrel in three different positions; Fig. 19 is developed view of the exterior surface of the closure barrel;

Fig. 20 is a section taken on lines 20-20 of Figure 19; Fig. 21 is a section taken on lines 21-21 of Fig. 18;

Fig. 22 shows the spigot with the float secured to it after assembly of the spigot to the container;

Fig. 23 is a section taken on line 23-23 of Fig. 22 showing the float secured to the spigot;

Fig. 24 is a cross sectional view of the float and closure member illustrating disengagement of the float from the float retaining pin of the spigot; and Fig. 25 shows an alternative structure for tem¬ porarily attaching the float to the spigot and spigot base.

Detailed Description of the Invention in accordance with features of the present inven¬ tion, draft beer, packaged in quantities that may be purchased by an individual consumer, is stored in and dispensed from a container having a volume of one to three gallons. Although containers of such volume are described herein, it will be readily appreciated that principles of the present invention will apply to con¬ tainers of other sizes. Preferably, such a container, for efficiencies and economies of manufacture and han¬ dling, is made of a suitable plastic, such as polyethylene terephthalate (P.E.T.). In packaging draft beer in P.E.T. bottles, just as in bottles made of a number of other plastic materials, consideration must be given to a number of factors such as permeability of the container to the dissolved carbon dioxide, temperature of the filled container, and the amount of agitation of the container during handling and immediately before dispensing.

When a container filled with beer has been allowed to sit quietly for several minutes, the beer exhibits good carbon dioxide retention properties. When the con¬ tainer is sealed with minimal agitation, very little carbon dioxide will migrate from the beer into the head space (e.g., the space within the container above the upper surface of the beer) . A significant increase in temperature or considerable agitation is required to stimulate marked migration of carbon dioxide from the beer into the head space.

Water and other beverages do not retain carbonation as well as does beer. It has been found that this car¬ bon dioxide retention feature of beer allows the quiet (without agitation) removal of beer from the package without causing significant loss of carbon dioxide from the beer. P.E.T. bottles, like many other plastic containers, are permeable to carbon dioxide. In the past this loss of carbon dioxide from the P.E.T. package has caused difficulties. The migration of carbon dioxide through a P.E.T membrane is temperature related, the rate of car- bon dioxide loss being much less at lower temperatures than at room temperature. It is believed that the average shelf life loss of carbon dioxide from a draft beer package employing a P.E.T. bottle will not be more than 10% of the initial carbon dioxide content, during shipment and storage of up to 60 days.

In conventional filling operations, such as in the filling of a common metal barrel for draft beer, the barrel is filled from beer tanks at a suitable internal pressure at 30 to 32°F, with the beer having a dissolved carbon dioxide content of about 2.4 to 2.6 volumes (e.g., a volume of dissolved carbon dioxide of 2.4 to 2.6 times the volume of the beer) . Such pressure will depend upon the nature of the filling equipment and, in some cases, for example, may be about 14 pounds per square inch.

Generally, after contents of a plastic bottle have been partially dispensed and the bottle is re-sealed and stored, even at 30 to 32°F, the beer will have lost so much of its carbon dioxide content that the remaining beer will no longer be palatable and will be flat tast¬ ing.

According to features of the present invention, a plastic bottle of between about one gallon to three gal¬ lons or more capacity (as will be more particularly described below) is filled with beer containing an in¬ creased volume of carbon dioxide, namely a volume greater than 2.6 and not more than 3.1 times the volume of beer. If the volume of dissolved carbon dioxide is too low, the beer will taste flat. If it is too high, the beer will foam excessively when dispensed. A preferred lower limit is a volume at which the beer is not flat when first dispensed by the consumer, and a preferred upper limit is a volume at which there is no excessive foaming. It is presently preferred that the volume of dissolved carbon dioxide be between 2.9 and 3.0 times the volume of beer. The bottle is filled using standard industry practices to obtain a driving or filling force to achieve a most economical fill. Fill¬ ing force may vary with different types of fill equip¬ ment, and, for example, may be between about 14 and 15 pounds per square inch with some fill equipment. Head space pressure initially is slightly less than fill pressure. This head space pressure of carbon dioxide may vary widely with turbulence and agitation ex¬ perienced during shipping and handling.

The volume of dissolved carbon dioxide is selec¬ tively controlled by standard procedures. In the final holding tank of conventional beer making, volume of dis¬ solved carbon dioxide depends on head pressure and tem¬ perature, as set forth in standard charts. To increase volume of dissolved carbon dioxide, the pressure of car¬ bon dioxide in the head space is raised while slowly stirring the beer.

With this increased volume of dissolved carbon dioxide, after a loss of gas through the P.E.T. bottle during a shelf life of about thirty to sixty days, the beer will reach the consumer having a dissolved carbon dioxide content of about 2.7 times the volume of beer. Generally, a shelf life of thirty days is preferable. Therefore, if agitation is kept minimal by the consumer and the beer is maintained at a temperature of about 30 to 32°F, the beer will not be flat when initially opened and poured by the consumer after a normal shelf life. At least partly because of this increased volume of dis- solved carbon dioxide, the beer may be readily dispensed with only atmospheric pressure within the container, and, therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, pressure in the head space of the container is released prior to dispensing. Thus, draft beer, with a good content of dissolved carbon dioxide, may be dis¬ pensed without any internal pressurization. Moreover, contents of the bottle may be partially dispensed from the P.E.T. bottle by the consumer and thereafter closed, re-sealed and stored for as much as two or three days at a temperature of about 30 to 32°F with no significant loss of palatability. After such cold storage for two or three days, the remaining beer will contain a dis¬ solved carbon dioxide volume of about 2.5 times the volume of beer remaining. Thus, even after partial dis- pensing of the contents and subsequent cold storage for two or three days, the beer will retain a palatable taste and will not be flat, all without the need for any external pressure source. In an exemplary embodiment of the present inven¬ tion, a bottle made of plastic, such as 0.015 inch thick P.E.T., is of generally right circular cylindrical shape, as indicated by bottles 10 and 12 in Figs. 1 and 2, having a decreased diameter, slightly concave or recessed bottom area 14 and an upwardly projecting, par¬ tially circumferential rim 16 of a size to snugly receive the bottom of a second bottle for stacking one upon the other, as illustrated in Fig. 2. Each bottle is provided with an integral transverse support leg in the form of an outwardly protruding cross member 18 having a rounded outermost edge 20 of which the center (of the outer surface) extends along an imaginary line 22 that is perpendicular to the bottle axis and tangent to the exterior surface of the bottle. The support edge of leg 20 thus lies in a plane tangent to the exterior surface of the bottle containing an elemental, elongated vertical area or line (in the orientation of Fig. 2) ex¬ tending along the edge of the bottle. Accordingly, when the bottle is tilted to rest on its side (with its lon¬ gitudinal axis horizontal) with the support leg 18 horizontal and resting upon a horizontal surface, the bottle will remain in a stable horizontal dispensing position. Although only a single support leg is shown, and only one of the described configuration is neces¬ sary, it is contemplated that more than one such support leg may be provided, formed integrally with the bottle, and suitably spaced from one another.

Each bottle is formed with a neck 24 that is offset to one side, that is, to a side that is at the bottom (adjacent the support leg) when the bottle rests on its side for dispensing its contents. To this neck is secured and sealed a spigot 26 which extends upwardly (in the vertical or storage orientation of the bottle illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2) for a short distance. The lower end of each bottle is formed with an offset recess 28 (on a side diametrically opposite the spigot) that receives the spigot of an adjacent lower bottle when the two are stacked in vertical position (with longitudinal axes of the bottles vertical), as illustrated in Fig. 2. Although an offset recess is illustrated at an opposite side in a preferred embodiment, it will be readily un- derstood that the recess need not be diametrically op¬ posite the spigot, but may be in any one of a number of other positions. The bottles may be stacked three, four, or more high.

As best seen in Fig. 3, the neck 24 of the bottle is provided with a fixed rigid rim 29 secured and sealed thereto to which is fixed and sealed a base 30 of spigot 26. Rim 29 and the spigot base 30 have a relatively large diameter. Spigot base 30 is formed integrally with a hollow, circular, cylindrical spigot body 32 that is provided with a generally rectangular projecting spout section 34 (see Fig. 4) configured to form a vent port 36, a partitioned pour spout 38, and a pressure release port 41. The latter is formed in an innermost (closer to the spigot base 30) wall 39 of the pour spout.

As previously mentioned, the bottle, when used to dispense its contents, is placed on its side so that the axis of the spigot is horizontal and the pour spout, vent passage and pressure relief channel all open downwardly.

As seen in Figs. 5, 6 and 9, spigot base 30 has a radially inner, axially-projecting circumferential flange 40 concentric with and spaced from an outer. axially-projecting circumferential flange 42, with an axially outwardly facing shoulder 44 formed on flange 42. Bottle neck 24 has a radially outwardly-projecting circumferential flange 46 that abuts an inner end of spigot base flange 42 and includes an integral end sec¬ tion 48 received in the channel between spigot base flanges 40 and 42. A circumferential, radially enlarged head 50 on the outermost end of bottle neck section 48 has an axially inwardly facing shoulder that seats on the shoulder 44 of spigot base flange 42. Surfaces of the end of flange 42 and the end of bottle neck section 48 are inclined to provide a camming action that can ex¬ pand the annular slot between the spigot flanges 40, 42 as the head 50 enters the slot for assembly. To as- semble the spigot to the bottle, the spigot is forced down upon the bottle neck, and an interference fit of the interlocking parts is provided to seal the spigot base to the bottle neck.

In one embodiment, for a bottle made of P.E.T., the spigot and spigot base are made of nylon. The parts are made to precise tolerances and dimensioned so that the outermost end of the bottle neck is a tight force fit into the interfitting elements of the spigot base. For assembly of the spigot to the bottle, the spigot is held in a predetermined orientation with respect to the bottle, which is positioned upright upon a conveyer, and the spigot is forcibly pressed down onto the bottle neck.

The described arrangement physically locks the spigot and its base to the bottle neck, and ensures proper sealing of the bottle, even at pressures greater than normally encountered. Spigot body 32 has an inner end section 54 extend¬ ing inwardly (downwardly as viewed in Fig. 5) of the spigot base 30. The main section of spigot body 32 ex¬ tends outwardly as a straight, tubular, circular cylinder (having the generally rectangular, laterally projecting spout section 34) with a smooth inner bore. The outer surface of spigot body 52- is formed with a pair of spiral, closed bottom cam slots 60 and 62 (see Figs. 4 and 11) that are identical to one another, but circumferentially spaced from each other about the outer surface of the spigot body. Fig. 11 illustrates the spigot body outer surface as developed, that is, as it would look if it were unwound and laid out flat on a viewing surface. The slots are identical, and thus a detailed description of one will suffice to describe both. The slots have closed bottoms, that is, they do not extend through the entire thickness of the spigot body, but form elongated recesses extending only par¬ tially into the outer surface of the spigot body. Slot 60 has a relatively short inner leg 64 of relatively small inclination (inclination to a vertical as viewed in Fig. 11) , which includes a pair of latching portions in the form of outwardly (toward the right in Fig. 11) displaced sections 66 and 68 positioned at the innermost end and at a slot bend, respectively. At the second latching section 68, the slot bends and assumes a greater inclination to the vertical for a second and longer straight leg 70. Leg 70 extends to the outermost end of the slot. The outermost end of the slot is spaced slightly inwardly of the outermost end 72 (see Fig. 12) of the spigot body, which, for a length equal to about the width of the slot, is tapered, as at 74, to allow a cam pin (to be described more particularly below) to ride over the edge of the spigot body for reception into the slot and assembly of spigot closure barrel 90 to the spigot body. The inner edge of tapered surface 74 defines a shoulder that acts as a stop to prevent withdrawal of the closure barrel member, to be described below.

As previously mentioned, the spigot body is formed with a generally rectangular, downwardly (in the dis¬ pensing orientation of Fig. 9) projecting pour spout 38 having a relatively thick inner wall 39 in which is formed a pressure relief port 41. This port is defined by a channel 78 opening into pour spout 38 (see Figs. 7 and 8) . Channel 78 has a relatively large width for a major portion of its length, as best seen in Fig. 7, and at an end where the channel connects with the interior bore of the spigot body, its width is reduced, as indi¬ cated at 80. This pressure relief port provides a restricted gas communication passage from the interior bore of the spigot body to the exterior of the spigot. Pour spout 38 is formed with a plurality of spaced partitions 84, 86 which divide the total spout area into three smaller areas for purposes to be described below.

Outwardly of the pour spout 38, in the dispensing section 34 of the spigot, is the slightly stepped back and smaller vent port 36, of generally rectangular con¬ figuration, but of smaller extent in the longitudinal direction of the spigot body. Vent port 36 also provides communication between the interior of the spigot body and external atmosphere. The spigot body is fitted with closure barrel mem¬ ber 90 having a hollow tubular barrel body 92 integrally formed with a sealing inner end portion 94 at which end portion is formed a peripheral annular groove 96 seating a resilient O-ring 98. Although the described O-ring and groove provide simple and effective sealing arrange¬ ment, it is contemplated that they may be replaced by continuous circumferential ribs formed integrally on the exterior surface of the closure barrel body and having a slidable sealing fit within the spigot body bore. The rib has a profile that forms a part of a circle so that the profile of the integral rib and barrel body is thus the same as the profile of barrel body and O-ring. This construction will further decrease cost of manufacture and assembly. The closure barrel is movable to a selected one of three positions as follows: (a) a posi¬ tion in which the entire spigot bore is closed; (b) a position in which only the dispensing spout and vent port are closed (leaving the pressure relief port open) ; and (c) a position in which all of the dispensing sec¬ tion passages are open. The exterior surface of barrel body 92 is a close rotating and sliding fit within the smooth bore of the spigot body and has fixedly connected thereto at its outer end an integral knurled barrel sleeve 104 that is concentric with the barrel body and outwardly spaced therefrom to provide an annular space between the sleeve and barrel body for reception of the spigot body 32. The outer end of the hollow barrel body is closed by a disc 106 that is fixedly secured to the barrel body.

On diametrically opposed sides of the inner end 108 of the barrel sleeve 104 are fixed short cam pins 110, 112 projecting radially inwardly for a distance substan- tially equal to the depth of the cam slots 60 and 62. Pin 112 is positioned precisely 180° around the sleeve 104, relative to pin 110, and at the same longitudinal position with respect to the innermost end of the sleeve. Pins 110 and 112 are received in cam slots 60 and 62, respectively. The barrel member 90 is assembled to the spigot body by pressing it longitudinally on the outer end of the spigot body to cause both cam pins 110, 112 to ride up over tapers 74 into the cam slots. The assembled spigot arrangement is such that rotation of the closure barrel member by grasping the outwardly knurled surface of sleeve 104, causes the cam pins to move along the slots, thereby axially shifting the closure barrel member relative to the spigot bore.

The innermost side (lower side as viewed in Fig. 5) of the inner end 94 of the closure barrel member has an axially inwardly projecting hub 114 that terminates in a vent disc 116, which has a diameter substantially equal to or slightly less than the diameter of the spigot body bore. The diameter of disc 116 is equal to the outer diameter of the barrel body 92, and both are a close sliding fit in the spigot body bore. The spigot and barrel body closure barrel member, being molded of low friction nylon or other plastic materials, allow ready manually-manipulatable sliding and rotary motion of the closure barrel with respect to the spigot body, while providing a sufficiently close fit to block fluid flow between the sliding surfaces. It will be understood, of course, that the primary sealing of the spigot body bore by the closure barrel member is accomplished by the O-ring 98, which is captured in the barrel body slot, and which has a tight, sliding, sealing fit within the spigot body bore. Vent disc 116, as can be best seen in Figs. 7 and 10, is provided with a series of mutually-spaced, cir¬ cumferentially distributed small holes 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, each of which is less than an eighth of an inch in diameter. Preferably, the holes are ap¬ proximately one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter. These holes are provided in such a small size to enable sur¬ face tension of the confined liquid to prevent flow of liquid through these holes when there is substantially no pressure difference across the disc. The holes do allow flow of air into the container, as will be described more particularly below.

The bottle, such as bottle 10 or 12, is force- filled at an appropriate pressure with a quantity of beer containing dissolved carbon dioxide having a volume of between 2.6 to 3.1 times the volume of beer contained therein. The beer, at all times during handling and shelf life, will retain this increased volume of carbon dioxide, except for loss of that portion of the dis¬ solved gas that migrates from the beer through the bottle wall. However, in the handling and storage of the bottle, before it is used by the consumer, the in¬ ternal pressure within the head space remains to assist in retaining the carbon dioxide in solution. This pres- sure, as previously mentioned, will vary with agitation experienced during shipping and handling. Only when the beer is ready to be dispensed is this internal pressure released and the head space pressure allowed to go down to atmospheric pressure. In handling and storage of the filled container, it is positioned upright or vertical, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and several containers may be vertically stacked one upon the other in such vertical position. The exterior of the spigot body 52 is formed with a projecting rib 120 (Fig. 4) that circumscribes the spigot and provides a circumferential lip for hold- ing an inner edge of a shrink wrap spigot cover, shown in Fig. 3, which encompasses and seals the entire spigot and openings therein.

Initially, after filling the container, the closure barrel member is twisted in a clockwise direction, as viewed from the outer end of the spigot, to axially shift the closure barrel member to its innermost or bottle sealing position. In this bottle sealing posi¬ tion, the cam pins are received in the innermost ends of slots 60 and 62, and, more specifically, in the enlarged latching portion 66 thereof. To move the closure barrel from this closed sealed position, the barrel must be pressed inwardly and then rotated in a counterclockwise direction to enable the pins to ride out of the latching notches 66 at the inner ends of the cam slots.

In the closed innermost position illustrated in Fig. 5 (wherein the cam pins 110, 112 are positioned in the innermost ends of the cam slots) , the inner sealing end 94 of the barrel body, and, in particular, the seal- ing O-ring 98 thereof, is positioned within the spigot body bore inwardly of the innermost portion of pressure relief port 41. Thus, the bottle is completely sealed by the closure barrel O-ring. The barrel is held in its closed position by the cam slot latching recesses 66 and internal pressure of the container. Internal bottle pressure tends to drive the closure barrel 92 axially outwardly, and thus further into the latching recesses 66, so that rotation of the barrel body is restrained.

Before dispensing beer from the sealed and pres- surized bottle, it is necessary to remove the shrink wrap and to bleed pressure from the head space of the bottle so that the bottle interior is at substantially atmospheric pressure. Pressure release is accomplished with the bottle upright, by pressing axially inwardly on the barrel sleeve 104 to tend to move the cam pins out of the closure latching slots 66 and, at the same time, turning the barrel sleeve in a counterclockwise direc- tion. The barrel sleeve turns and the cam pins ride outwardly along the lesser inclination cam slot legs 66 until the pins are received in the pressure release latching recesses 68. This lesser inclination yields more precise control of axial position of the barrel, because greater rotation results in smaller axial motion of the barrel body. The latching recesses 68 provide a kind of detent action which can be felt by the operator and which will tend to resist any further rotation of the barrel sleeve relative to the spigot. When the cam pins have reached the latching recesses 68, the closure barrel has traveled axially from the position of Fig. 5 to that illustrated in Fig. 6. If the closure barrel should accidentally be moved past the pressure release position before internal pressure is fully released, the high internal pressure tends to force the O-ring 98 from its seal. Partitions 84, 86 of the pour spout help to retain the O-ring on its seat.

In the pressure release position of Fig. 6, the sealing O-ring 98 is at a lower or innermost portion of the pour spout 38 and just outwardly of (above, as seen in Fig. 6) the inner end of the pressure release channel 41. The O-ring in this position partially blocks release port 41, thereby decreasing, even further, the effective area of the small channel section 80, and providing a very small relief orifice. With the bottle in vertical position, the release port 41 is above the upper surface of beer confined in the bottle and may therefore release pressurized gas from the head space. Pressurized gas from the bottle head space can now flow through the vent apertures 117 through 125 and out through the pressure release port 41, flowing through the very small port of release channel section 80 that is not blocked by the O-ring. Accordingly, in the pres¬ sure release position of Fig. 6, pressurized gas at the top of the still vertical bottle is released slowly through the restricted relief port until the pressure within the container is substantially equal to atmos- pheric pressure. This may require but a few seconds. Now the container is ready for dispensing of beer.

While the bottle is sealed, with the closure barrel member in the closed position of Fig. 5, beer is forced through the vent holes 117, 119, etc., into the annular space 130, surrounding hub 114 between the vent disc 116 and the barrel inner end 94. When the closure barrel has been moved to the pressure release position of Fig. 6, the small amount of beer in the space 130 is slowly vented through the very small release aperture 41, and the pressurized gas within the head space of the bottle is also vented. It is important that the space 130 be¬ tween the vent disc 116 and the inner end 94 of the closure barrel be sufficiently large to keep surface tension from blocking flow of beer through this space 130. Beer within the space 130 will readily flow out¬ wardly from the space 130 through the pressure release port when the closure barrel member is in its pressure release position of Fig. 6, or may drip from space 130 when the spigot is moved toward the dispensing position. However, only a small amount of beer from the interior of the container, together with the pressurized gas from the head space, will be forced by head space pressure outwardly through the vent holes, through the space 130, and then through the pressure release port 41.

After having relieved the pressure from the inte- rior of the bottle, the spigot may be re-closed to seal the bottle contents. The bottle then is placed on its side with the transverse support leg 18 resting upon a horizontal surface, and the knurled sleeve again is rotated toward open position. To open the spigot for dispensing beer, the barrel sleeve 104 is further rotated in a counterclockwise direction, thereby forcing the cam pins to ride out of the latching notches 68 and to ride along the more steeply inclined longer slot legs 70. The closure barrel member thus moves axially along the spigot as it is rotated and attains its final or open position, as illustrated in Fig. 9. The steeper inclination of cam slot legs 70 cause a greater axial motion for a given amount of rotation, and provides faster opening. In the open position, the O-ring 98 has moved to a point just at or outwardly of the outermost side of the vent port 36, and the vent disc 116 is now positioned just inwardly of the inner end of the vent port 36 but just outwardly of the outermost side of the dispensing or pouring spout 38. The vent disc, as previously men¬ tioned, is a close but sliding fit within the bore of the spigot body and is a close enough fit to block flow of beer past the disc along the walls of the spigot bore (after release of head space pressure) . In this posi- tion, the liquid content of the bottle will flow under the force of gravity through the spigot bore, which is now at the lowermost portion of the bottle, and thence from the bore through the dispensing port 38. Because the internal pressure within the bottle has been relieved, there is substantially no pressure difference across the apertures of the vent disc, and thus surface tension of beer within the container and within the bore, but inwardly of the vent disc, will prevent flow of beer through the vent apertures. However, ambient air can flow in through the vent port, through the space 130, and thence through the several vent apertures 117, 119, etc., bubbling up through the beer to the upper surface, thereby breaking any vacuum that may tend to form within the bottle as the beer flows outwardly through the dispensing spout 38.

A small amount of pressure may build up within the bottle during storage after dispensing part of its con- tents. Therefore, whenever the closed bottle is to be opened for dispensing beer after a period of storage, it should be depressurized again by moving the spigot closure barrel to pressure relief position with the bottle upright. Illustrated in Figs. 13 through 20 is a container with a modified spigot enclosure. The embodiment of Figs. 13 through 20 is functionally and operationally similar to that of Figs. 1 through 12, in that it will be filled substantially in the same manner as the prior embodiment is filled and under the same conditions. It also may be handled, stored, and used for dispensing just as is described in connection with the earlier em¬ bodiment. One significant difference between the two embodiments is the fact that the embodiment of Fig. 13 need not be placed in an upright position in order to release the pressure confined within the bottle. In the embodiment of Fig. 13 both of the operations of pressure relief and dispensing of contents may be carried out with the bottle on its side and the pour spout facing downwardly. The bottle may be reclosed in such posi¬ tion, where it may remain until more of its contents is to be dispensed. To enable pressure relief in the horizontal position of the bottle, with the spigot protruding from a lower portion of the side of the bottle (and the bottle is on its side for dispensing) , the inner portion of the closure barrel is modified, and a vent tube is connected to the closure barrel to extend upwardly to a buoyant end of the vent tube that always remains at the upper surface of the liquid contents of the container.

As illustrated in Fig. 13, spigot 200 of the modified embodiment includes a spigot base 202 which may be substantially identical to base 30 of the earlier em¬ bodiment, and connected to a bottle 10, as previously described. The spigot is formed integrally with a hol¬ low, right circular, cylindrical spigot body 204 that is provided with a projecting spout section 206 configured to form a pour opening in the form of a spout 208 and a pressure release port 210. The latter is formed in an innermost (closer to the spigot base 202) wall 212 of the pour spout 208. The pour spout 208 has a truncated circular cross section, as shown in Fig. 14, with the wall 212 extending across an inner portion thereof and defining the very small centrally located pressure release port 210 at a midpoint of the wall. Positioned outwardly of the pour spout 206, in substantial lon¬ gitudinal alignment therewith, is a circumferentially extending vent port 214 that is spaced outwardly of the pour spout 206 by an intervening wall portion 216 of the spigot body 204. The vent port 214 has a lesser extent axially of the spigot than does the pour spout, although it has substantially the same circumferential extent.

In the arrangement of Figs. 13 through 20 the bottle is at all times, except perhaps during handling and storage, positioned on its side so that the spigot is at a lower part of the container, the axis of the spigot is horizontal, and the pour spout, vent port, and pressure relief port all open downwardly. The spigot has a pair of diametrically opposed short cam pins 218,220, projecting radially inwardly thereof for cooperation with spiral cam slots formed in the closure barrel. The pins 218,220 and the cam slots are illustrated in Fig. 19, which will be described more particularly below.

Just as in the prior embodiment, the spigot body is fitted with a slidable closure barrel member 230 (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) , having a hollow tubular barrel body or cylindrical section 232 that is open at an inner end 234, in fluid communication with the interior of the container, and integrally formed with a thick sealing wall 236 intermediate its length. A pour opening 238 extends through the tubular wall 232 and has a truncated circular configuration congruent with the truncated cir- cular configuration of the pour spout. The flat outer side of the truncated opening 238 is substantially aligned with the inner edge 240 of the sealing wall 236.

Formed in the sealing wall 236, outwardly of the pour opening 238 and longitudinally aligned therewith, is a vent opening 244 that opens to the bottom of the spigot (when the spigot is in dispensing position) . Opening 244 connects with a chamber 246 that extends in¬ wardly from the opening 244 over a major portion of the cross sectional area of the sealing wall, as illustrated in Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 21. Integrally formed with sealing wall 236 and extending axially of the cylindri¬ cal section 232 to the open end 234 thereof is a rela- tively small diameter vent tube 248 that communicates, via a passage 250 formed in wall 236, with vent chamber 246 and vent opening 244. A flexible, thin wall vent tube 252 (see also Fig. 15) is connected at one end to the free end of vent tube 248, and extends inwardly through the container to an area adjacent the upper por¬ tion of the container interior to enable release of pressure from the container head space prior to dispens¬ ing fluid and to enable venting of air into the con¬ tainer during dispensing. A buoyant member, such as a float 254, is secured to the inner end of vent tube 252 to maintain the free end of the tube in the container head space. This arrangement facilitates release of container head space pressure while the container is on its side. The body of the closure barrel extends outwardly beyond sealing wall 236, to include integral outer body section 256, to an outermost end portion having a radially outwardly projecting handle 258. The handle is employed to facilitate manual turning of the barrel closure member as is required for operating the dispens¬ ing spigot.

Formed in the exterior of the closure barrel, respectively inwardly and outwardly of the vent opening 244 and vent chamber 246, are circumferentially extend- ing inner and outer O-ring grooves 260 and 262, which receive O-rings 264,266 respectively. The O-rings form a liquid and gas seal between the exterior of the closure barrel and the smooth interior bore of the spigot body 204. If deemed necessary or desirable, the outer end portion of the barrel closure body 256 may be formed with a plurality of apertures of suitable dimen¬ sions and configuration in order to decrease material and weight of the spigot.

The closure barrel of Figs. 13 through 21, like the closure barrel of the earlier described embodiment, is movable to a selected one of three positions as follows: (a) a position in which the entire spigot bore is closed; (b) a position in which only the dispensing spout and vent port are closed (leaving the pressure relief port open) ; and, (c) a position in which all of the dispensing section passages are open. The exterior surface of the barrel body 232 is a close rotating and sliding fit within the smooth bore of the spigot body and has formed therein a pair of outwardly opening spiral, closed bottom cam slots 270,272, which are il¬ lustrated in detail in developed form in Fig. 19. The two cam slots are identical to one another, but circu - ferentially spaced from each other about the outer sur¬ face of the closure barrel body. The slots are substan¬ tially similar to the slots 60,62 illustrated in Fig. 11, but are formed on the exterior of the slidable closure member in the embodiment of Figs. 13 through 21, whereas the slots of the earlier described embodiment are formed in the exterior of the spigot body.

Slot 270 has a relatively short inner leg 274, of relatively small inclination to the vertical, as viewed in Fig. 19, and includes a pair of latching portions in the form of notches or laterally outwardly displaced sections 276,278 positioned at an outer end and at a slot bend respectively. The slot bends at the second latching section 278 and assumes a greater inclination to the vertical for a second and longer straight leg 280. Leg 280 extends to the inner end of the slot, which is spaced slightly outwardly of the innermost end 282 of the closure barrel member. The end of the closure barrel is tapered, as indicated at 284 (Fig. 20), to allow cam pins 218,220 to ride over the end of the barrel member into the slots when the barrel member is inserted into the spigot bore. This tapered end portion 282,284 also provides a stop shoulder 286 that prevents the complete withdrawal of the barrel closure member from the spigot bore. Shoulder 286 forms a limit stop that abuts the pin 218 when the barrel closure has moved to its outermost or liquid dispensing position.

Just like the earlier embodiment, after filling the container, the closure barrel member is twisted in a clockwise direction, as viewed from the outer end of the spigot, to axially shift the closure barrel member in¬ wardly to its innermost or bottle sealing position. The cam and cam slot arrangement cause this relative axial motion in response to rotation of the closure barrel member. In this bottle sealing position, which is il¬ lustrated in Fig. 16, the cam pins 218,220 are received in the outermost ends of slots 270,272 and, more specifically, in the enlarged latching portion 276 thereof. To move the closure barrel from this closed, sealed position, the barrel may be pressed inwardly, and then rotated in a counterclockwise direction to enable the pins to ride out of the latching notches 276 at the ends of the cam slots. In the closed position illustrated in Fig. 16, both of the sealing O-rings 264,266 are positioned inwardly of the spout section, inwardly of both spout 208 and vent port 210. Thus the interior of the container is completely sealed by both of the O-rings. The closure barrel is held in its closed position by the cam slot latching notches 276 and the internal pressure of the container. Internal pressure, just as in the earlier described embodiment, tends to drive the closure barrel 204 axially outwardly, and thus tends to drive cam pins 218,220 further into the latching recesses 276, so that rotation and longitudinal shifting of the barrel body is restrained. Before dispensing beer from the sealed and pres¬ surized bottle, it is necessary to bleed pressure from the head space of the bottle, so that the bottle inte¬ rior is at substantially atmospheric pressure. Such venting is accomplished with the bottle horizontal, in its dispensing position, by pressing axially inwardly on the barrel sleeve 204 at the handle end thereof to urge the cam pins out of the closure latching notches 276, and at the same time turning the closure barrel member in a counterclockwise direction. The closure barrel turns and moves axially outwardly, and the cam pins ride along the lesser inclination cam slot legs, propelled axially in part by the manual rotation and in part by the internal pressure of the container. This motion of the closure barrel brings the cam pins into the deeper pressure release latching notches 278. In this position the latching action of the notches 278 resists further rotation and axial motion of the barrel closure member. The outward axial force of the internal pressure of the container acts only to urge the notches 278 to more firmly latch the cam pins. When the cam pins have reached the latching notches 278, the closure barrel member has traveled axially outwardly and has been rotated from the position of Fig. 16 to the position of Fig. 17. This is the pressure release position.

In the pressure release position of Fig. 17, seal- ing O-ring 264 is still positioned significantly in¬ wardly of the pour spout and vent port. However, the outer O-ring 266 is positioned at an innermost portion of the pour spout just outwardly of the inner end of wall 212 and pressure release channel 210. Moreover, the axial rotational shifting of the closure barrel mem¬ ber has moved the closure barrel vent opening 244 and chamber 246 to a position at or nearly at the axial position of the pressure release port 210. Addition¬ ally, the rotation of the barrel closure member has rotated the vent opening 244 until at least one edge of it is in registration or almost in registration circum- ferentially with the pressure release port.

In the closed position of Fig. 16, the spout or pour opening 238 of the barrel closure member is sub- stantially longitudinally aligned with the vent opening 244, and both of these are circumferentially displaced from the pour spout 208. The vent opening need not be aligned with the pour opening of the closure barrel as long as it is in registry with the vent port 214 in dis- pensing position and is positioned in the pressure release position so as to permit gas flow from the vent opening to the pressure release channel 210.

The combined longitudinal and rotational shifting of the barrel closure member from the closed position of Fig. 16 to the pressure release position of Fig. 17 shifts the vent opening 244 longitudinally and also rotates it toward alignment with pressure release port 210, to a position wherein an edge of vent opening 244 is close to an edge of the pressure release port. Precise circumferential and longitudinal alignment of vent opening 244 with release port 210 is not required, since the two sealing O-rings are on outer and inner sides of the release port 210 and vent opening 244. Even without alignment of the vent opening with the release port, a very small passage for air is provided from the vent opening 244 to the pressure release port 210 between the smooth interior of the spigot body and the smooth exterior of the sealing wall 236 between the two O-rings. Thus, when the pins reach the latching notches 278, the barrel closure member has reached the position shown in Fig. 17 in which a very small gas release passage is provided from the vent opening 244 (and, therefore, from the container head space) to the vent port 210. Flow of liquid through the pour spout 208 from the container in pressure release position is blocked by both of the O-rings, both of which are posi¬ tioned outwardly of pour opening 238 of the barrel closure member. Thus, gas under pressure, confined within the head space of the bottle in its horizontal dispensing position, will escape through the vent tube 252, entering the free end of the tube at the portion of the tube adjacent the float 254 and flowing through the tube, through conduit 248 of the closure barrel, and through the chamber 246, vent opening 244 and vent port 210.

With the closure barrel member in the pressure release position of Fig. 17, all pressure is released from the interior of the container within a few seconds, and the closure barrel member then may be moved further outwardly to the outer dispensing position, which is il¬ lustrated in Fig. 18. When in the pressure release position, and after internal pressure has been released, there is no pressure tending to drive the cam pins 218,220 further into the latching notches 278, and thus the barrel member may be rotated easily to move the cam pins out of the latching notches and along the outer legs 280 of the cam slots. To move the pins out of notches 278, the barrel closure is pressed inwardly and simultaneously rotated counterclockwise. The steeper inclination of these cam slot legs provides a relatively greater axial shifting for a given amount of rotation, and the closure barrel member is readily moved to the outer dispensing position illustrated in Fig. 18. In moving to this position both the pour opening 238 and the vent opening 246 of the barrel closure member move both axially and circumferentially to a position wherein each is registered respectively with the pour spout and the vent port 214. In the open position, O-rings 264,266, are still on inner and outer sides respectively of the vent opening 244 of the closure barrel, and now also are on inner and outer sides respectively of the vent port 214 of the spigot body. As can be seen in Fig. 18, O-ring 264 is now positioned between the vent port and the pour spout, and thus liquid being dispensed from the container through the pour spout 208 is blocked from passing between the interior of the spigot bore and the exterior of the closure barrel by the presence of the O-ring 264. In the pouring position of Fig. 18 the truncated circular pour opening 238 is precisely regis¬ tered with the similarly shaped pour spout 208, and thus liquid will flow from the interior of the container through the hollow spigot, through the cylindrical por¬ tion of the closure barrel, and out through the pour spout of the spigot. At the same time air is allowed to flow into the container through the vent port 214, vent opening 244, vent tube 248 and conduit 252 to replace the volume of liquid that is dispensed. In this posi¬ tion the contents of the container are dispensed under the force of gravity and the spigot and its opening are positioned at the bottom of the container (which is on its side during pouring and pressure release operations, as previously described.

After the desired amount of the bottle contents has been dispensed, the bottle may be closed and resealed simply by rotating the closure barrel in the opposite direction to cause it to move axially inwardly past the pressure release position of Fig. 17 to the closed and sealed position of Fig. 16. If some small amount of pressure should build up within the bottle during storage, after dispensing part of its contents, the closed bottle may be depressurized again by initially moving the spigot closure barrel to its pressure relief position and letting it stay there for a few seconds before moving the closure barrel to the dispensing posi¬ tion.

The closure barrel of Figs. 13 through 21 is longer than that of the first embodiment, incorporating the in¬ ner cylindrical section 232. This provides increased stabilization and rigidity of interconnection between the barrel closure member and spigot, particularly in the outer dispensing position.

As described above and illustrated in solid lines in Fig. 15, the vent tube of the closure member has its innermost end connected to a flexible tube 252, with a float, such as a small styrofoam body 254, fixed to the end of the tube, as by suitable adhesive, for example. The float holds the end of the vent tube 252 at the head space of the container (e.g. above the surface of the liquid) . For pressure release, in particular, the inner end of the tube 252 should be in the head space. Also, air may flow directly to the head space as liquid is dispensed, instead of having to bubble up through the body of the liquid, which can be undesirable.

As described in connection with the embodiment of Figs. 1 through 12, the cap assembly includes the spigot base 202 (see also Figs. 13 and 14) , the spigot and the closure barrel. This assembly is handled as a unit and is connected to the container 10 by firmly pressing the spigot base 202 down over the tapered shoulders 50 of the container neck. In automated handling of this as¬ sembly, it is necessary to control the position of the long, slender and flexible vent tube 252 and float 254 so that the cap assembly (including the vent tube and float) may be automatically moved into alignment with and then attached to the container neck without the vent tube hanging down or otherwise interfering with the in- terengagement of the spigot base and container neck. To this end the free end of the tube, that end at which the float 254 is connected, is detachably secured to the in¬ ner end of the spigot, as particularly illustrated in Figs. 22, 23 and 24, and also as illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 15. The tube is bent in a loop 308 (Fig. 15) with one end permanently secured to closure member vent tube 248, and the other detachably secured to a rigid pin 300. Pin 300 is fixed to the outer side of the inner end of spigot body 204 (Figs. 16, 17, 18, 22 and 24) and extends in a direction substantially paral¬ lel to the axis of the spigot and further inwardly of the innermost spigot end. Pin 300 has an outer diameter that is a hand tight friction fit within the inner bore of vent tube 252, with the free end of the vent tube ex¬ tending to the free end 302 of float 254, as illustrated in Figs. 22 and 24.

Before the cap and spigot subassembly are connected to the container neck, the free end of vent tube 252, together with the float, is temporarily mounted upon the inwardly projecting free end of fixed pin 300 of the spigot, with the body of the float adjacent the inner¬ most end of the spigot body 204, and approximately one- half of the end of the float 254 extending radially in¬ wardly of the bore of the spigot body, partially block¬ ing the bore. In this intermediate assembly condition, the closure barrel member 230 is within the spigot body but is in its outer or dispensing position. This is the barrel member position illustrated in Figs. 18. and 22 In this position the innermost end 304 of the closure barrel member is positioned slightly outwardly of the innermost end 306 of the spigot body 204. Thus there is no interference between the closure barrel member and the float in its secured position. In this intermediate assembly position the spigot and cap have not yet been attached to the bottle neck. To connect the spigot and cap assembly to the container, the subassembly of spigot, spigot base and cap are moved axially toward the neck of the container container so that the now looped bent tube, having an innermost bent end 308, is the first portion of the cap and spigot assembly that enters the container neck. The cap then is pressed axially toward the container neck to interlock the in- terengaging tapered shoulders that secure the cap as¬ sembly to the container neck. During this assembly the barrel closure member is moved to its innermost closed position. As the barrel closure member moves to this innermost closed position, illustrated in Figs. 16 and 24, the innermost end 304 of the barrel closure moves toward the free end 302 of the float. The barrel closure member end then contacts the float end 302 and pushes the float, together with part of vent tube 252, off of pin 300. It will be seen that the position of pin 300 is such that one edge of the end of tube 252 is positioned radially inwardly of the spigot body 204, and is thus positioned to be contacted by the radially out- ermost edge of the inner end 306 of the barrel closure member. Thus the closure member will contact both the float and the end of the vent tube as it dislodges these from the retaining pin 300. The float 254 and vent tube 252 are completely disengaged from pin 300 when the bar- rel closure member has attained its innermost fully closed position, as shown in Figs. 16 and 24.

When the float is free of pin 300, its buoyancy carries it to the top of the confined liquid, and thus the free end of the vent tube 252 is positioned in the container head space.

The container preferably is filled (in upright position) while the cap and spigot assembly are detached from the container. After the container has been filled, the cap and spigot assembly, with the closure barrel member in its outermost open position and with the float attached to the retaining pin 300, are at¬ tached to the cap by means of the tapered shoulders 50, previously described. The spigot is closed by moving the barrel closure member to its inner closed position in the same motion and at the same time as the cap and spigot assembly are moved to and connected to the con¬ tainer. Thus, as the cap and spigot assembly are con¬ nected to the filled container, the closure barrel mem- ber is moved to closed position, and the vent tube and float are pushed off the holding pin, causing it to float to the top of the liquid and exposing the end of the tubing to the head space of the container. For containers in which the contents are dispensed under pressure, such as, for example, a container having a carbon dioxide pressure producing cartridge confined within the container itself, it is desirable to provide a dispensing tube to flow liquid from a lowermost por- tion of the container to the pour spout. Of course in such a container the spout may have a different con¬ figuration (not shown) , and a dispensing tube connected to the pour spout itself extends to the bottom of the container. For such a dispensing tube it is desirable to place a weight on the end of the dispensing tube so that the latter may at all times dispense liquid from the container bottom no matter what the level of liquid within the container. In such a configuration, automated assembly also requires that the long, flexible dispensing tube be folded and/or secured to the dispens¬ ing spigot during assembly of the spigot to the con¬ tainer. For such a container, a securing pin substan¬ tially the same as or identical to float securing pin 300 may be fixed to the cap, as at an inner end of the spigot, with the dispensing tube and weight having an aperture which frictionally receives and retains the weight and dispensing tube upon the pin during assembly of the spigot and cap to the container. Suitable ar¬ rangements, such as those described above in connection with Figs. 22, 23 and 24 may be provided, and the inner end of the closure barrel member may be suitably con¬ figured and arranged to dislodge the weight and inner end of the dispensing tube from the retaining pin in a manner similar to that previously described, upon at¬ tachment of the cap and spigot assembly to the container body.

Illustrated in Fig. 25 is an alternate arrangement for detachably securing the end of vent tube 252 and float 254 to the spigot. In this arrangement the end of the vent tube and float are secured directly to the spigot base 324 at a position closely adjacent the spigot 320. A rigid retaining pin 326 is fixed to an inner side of the spigot base 324 and spaced from the radially outermost side of the spigot body 328 by a dis¬ tance that is slightly greater than the radius of float 254. The float, which is adhesively or otherwise secured to the end of vent tube 252, may have a cross section other than rectangular, if deemed necessary or desirable, in order to accommodate the inner concavely curved adjoining of the neck of bottle 10.

In order to dislodge the float 254 from pin 326, after the cap and spigot assembly have been assembled to the container, spigot base 324 is provided with an aper¬ ture 330, having a sealing O-ring 332, which slidably and sealingly receives the shank 334 of a plunger 336, having an enlarged head 338. The inner end of the plunger shank 334 is longitudinally split, as indicated at 340, and includes a tapered edge 342 that facilitates assembly of the plunger to the spigot base 324 by inser¬ tion of the plunger end through the aperture 330 and O-ring 332.

When the float 254 is attached to the retaining pin 326, the plunger is in its outermost position, namely that illustrated in Fig. 25. After filling the con¬ tainer, attaching the cap and spigot assembly to the container body, and moving the closure barrel to its in- nermost closed position, the float 254 of Fig. 25 may be dislodged from retaining pin 326 merely by pressing the plunger head 338 inwardly, toward the spigot base. The float, just as before, will then carry the end of vent tube 252 to the container head space.

The container configuration illustrated and described herein is presently preferred. However, it will be appreciated that each of the several spigot as¬ semblies disclosed herein may be used with containers of other configurations, whether or not stackable, and regardless of the nature and mode of support for the container in its dispensing position. A significant ad¬ vantage of the container configuration disclosed herein is that even though it employs a spigot that projects outwardly of the container envelope (as is desirable for dispensing container contents) when the containers are stacked for storage, handling and transportation, the otherwise projecting spigot no longer projects from the combined envelope of a stack of containers. Moreover, the described containers are quite stable, when in upright storage position, or in horizontal dispensing position, and need no special external stabilizing sup¬ port.

Although novel dispensing methods and apparatus have been described in connection with use for storage and dispensing of draft beer, and particularly for use with plastic containers of smaller size, it will be readily understood that these concepts may be used for other liquids, such as soft drinks or carbonated wines, and may be used with larger metal barrels or other con¬ tainers of different sizes and configurations. The foregoing detailed description is to be clearly understood as given by way of illustration and example only, the spirit and scope of this invention being limited solely by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

Claims (80)

THE CLAIMS :

1. A dispensing container comprising a container body, a spigot fixed to and extending outwardly of said container body and having an internal bore in communication with the interior of the container, said spigot having a pour spout and a vent port in communication with said bore, said pour spout being positioned between said container and said vent port, and a slidable closure member mounted within the spigot bore for motion axially of the spigot, said closure member having a sealing end includ- ing sealing means engaging said bore, said closure member being movable from a closed inner position, wherein said sealing means are posi¬ tioned inwardly of said pour spout, to an outer dispensing position wherein said sealing means are positioned outwardly of said vent port, said closure member including means on said sealing end cooperating with said bore for restricting flow of liquid from said container through said vent port while allowing flow of air inwardly through said vent port to the interior of said container.

2. The container of claim 1 wherein said means for restricing flow of liquid comprises a vent disc secured to said sealing end and spaced inwardly 42

therefrom, said vent disc having a plurality of small diameter vent apertures extending there¬ through, each said vent aperture having a diameter sufficiently small to prevent flow of liquid from the container interior.

3. The container of claim 2 wherein each said vent aperture has a diameter of less than 1/8 of an inch.

4. The container of claim 2 wherein said sealing means comprise an O-ring circumscribing said closure mem¬ ber and wherein said vent disc is spaced inwardly of said o-ring by a distance substantially equal to the extent of said vent port along said bore, said disc having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said bore, whereby when said closure member is in said outer position said disc is posi¬ tioned between said pour spout and vent port to block flow of liquid from said container through said vent port.

5. The container of claim 1 wherein said pour spout includes an inward wall, and including a pressure relief passage formed in said wall.

6. The container of claim 5 wherein said relief pas¬ sage comprises a channel formed in said inward wall, said sealing means being movable with said closure member to a pressure release position wherein said pour spout and vent ports are blocked but said channel is open. 43

7. A liquid dispenser comprising a container, a spigot fixed to said container, said spigot comprising a hollow cylindrical spigot body extend¬ ing outwardly from said container when the latter is in dispensing position, a closure member mounted in said spigot body for axial motion relative to the spigot body and having an inner end portion in slidable sealing engagement with the interior of said spigot body, said member being movable within said spigot body between a closed posi¬ tion in which an inner end of the spigot is sealed, and an outer dispensing position dis¬ placed axially outwardly along said spigot, a pour spout formed on a side of said spigot, a vent port formed in said spigot out- wardly of said pour spout, and a vent member fixed to and spaced from said inner end of the closure member, said vent member including vent means defining a flow passage from one side of the vent member to the other, said flow passage having at least one dimension small enough to block out¬ ward flow of liquid from the container when pressure within the container is not substan¬ tially greater than atmospheric pressure, whereby air may flow into the container through said vent port and flow passage as liquid is dispensed from said container through said pour spout. 44

said vent member, when said closure mem- ber is in dispensing position, being posi¬ tioned in the spigot body between said vent port and said pour spout.

8. The dispenser of claim 7 wherein said vent member comprises a vent disc and wherein said vent means comprise a plurality of holes extending through said disc.

9. The dispenser of claim 8 wherein each said hole has a least dimension of less than one eighth of an inch.

10. The dispenser of claim 8 wherein each said hole has a least dimension of about one sixteenth of an inch.

11. The dispenser of claim 7 wherein said pour spout includes an inward wall adjacent said container, and including a bleed passage formed in said inward wall.

12. The dispenser of claim 11 wherein said bleed pas¬ sage comprises a narrow channel.

13. The dispenser of claim 11 including a sealing O-ring secured to and circumscribing an inner end portion of said closure member, said O-ring being positioned inwardly of said bleed passage when said closure member is in said closed position, said O-ring being positioned outwardly of said vent port when said closure member is in said outer dispens- 45

ing position, said O-ring being movable with said closure member to a position outwardly of at least a portion of said bleed passage and at an inner end of said pour spout to allow pressure to bleed slowly through said bleed passage while blocking flow of fluid through said pour spout.

14. The dispenser of claim 7, including a bleed passage of decreased area formed on said spigot inwardly of said pour spout, and wherein said closure member is axially movable to a bleed position intermediate said closed position and said outer dispensing position, said bleed passage being open and said pour spout being closed by said closure member in said bleed position, and including detent means for holding said closure member in a selected one of said positions.

15. The dispenser of claim 7 wherein said closure mem¬ ber comprises a tubular barrel body closely received in said tubular spigot body and rotatable therein, and interengaging cam means on said barrel body and spigot body for effecting relative axial motion of said barrel body and spigot body in response to rotation of said barrel body relative to said spigot body.

16. The dispenser of claim 15 wherein said cam means comprise a closed bottom cam slot formed on said spigot body and extending spirally along said spigot body from an inner end to an outer end of said slot, and a cam follower pin fixed to the bar¬ rel body and received in said cam slot. 46

17. The dispenser of claim 16 wherein said cam slot has an inner leg having a relatively small inclination and an outer leg having a relatively great inclina¬ tion, whereby a relatively large amount of rotation

5 of said barrel body causes a relatively small amount of axial shifting of the barrel body rela¬ tive to the spigot body to provide a fine position control of the barrel body on motion of said pin through said inner leg of the cam slot, and whereby

10 a relatively small amount of rotation of said bar¬ rel body causes a relatively larger amount of axial shifting of the barrel body to provide more rapid positioning of said barrel body on motion of said pin through said outer leg.

18. The dispenser of claim 7 wherein said spigot in¬ cludes a circular cylindrical exterior surface having a closed bottom spiral cam slot therein, and wherein said closure member includes a circular

^~~5 cylindrical barrel body slidably and rotationally received within said spigot body and having an outer concentric sleeve fixed to and spaced from said barrel body to provide an annular space be¬ tween the barrel body and sleeve, said spigot body 10 being received in said annular space, said sleeve having an inwardly projecting cam pin received in said cam slot, said slot including means for releasably holding said pin in a selected one of three different positions.

19. The dispenser of claim 13 wherein said pour spout has a pour opening and includes a plurality of mutually spaced ribs extending across the opening of the spout, thereby dividing said pour opening into a plurality of smaller openings, whereby said O-ring is retained on said barrel body in the presence of high pressure when said O-ring is posi¬ tioned at said pour spout opening.

20. The dispenser of claim 13 wherein said pour spout has a relatively large opening and includes means for preventing pressure within said container from forcing said O-ring from said barrel body into said spout opening.

21. The dispenser of claim 20 wherein said means for preventing pressure within said container from forcing the O-ring into said spout opening com¬ prises a plurality of mutually spaced ribs extend¬ ing across said spout opening and fixed to said pour spout.

22. The dispenser of claim 18 wherein said container is made of polyethylene terephthalate.

23. Apparatus for dispensing beer comprising a plastic container, spigot means on said container for dispensing the contents of said container and for sealing said container, and a volume of draft beer in said container having dissolved therein an amount of carbon dioxide having a volume greater than 2.6 and not more than 3.1 times the volume of beer in the container.

24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said container includes gas having an above atmospheric pressure, and wherein said spigot includes means for slowly releasing pressure from said container.

25. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said container includes a head space of carbon dioxide having a pressure above atmospheric pressure, and wherein said spigot includes a pour spout having a dispens- ing area, a vent port, and a pressure release port having an area substantially less than said dis¬ pensing area.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 including means for restricting flow of beer through said vent port.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the volume of dissolved carbon dioxide is between 2.9 and 3.0 times the volume of beer in said container.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein said container is made of polyethylene terephthalate. 49

29. A method of dispensing beer comprising the steps of providing a container of beer having a dis¬ solved volume of carbon dioxide greater than 2.6 and not more than 3.1 times the volume of beer in the container and an internal pressure above atmospheric pressure, forming a dispensing spigot in the container, sealing the container, releasing the internal pressure to cause the container to become unpressurized, dispensing part of the contents of said un¬ pressurized container through the spigot, closing the spigot to re-seal the container, maintaining the re-sealed container at a tem- perature not greater than about 40°F for a storage period, thereby retaining sufficient dissolved carbon dioxide to avoid a flat taste, and after said storage period opening said spigot to dispense contents of the container with an amount of dissolved carbon dioxide effective to provide a palatable taste that avoids the flat taste of beer having insufficient dis¬ solved carbon dioxide.

30. The method of claim 29 wherein said step of provid¬ ing a container of beer comprises the step of fill¬ ing a container with beer having a dissolved volume of carbon dioxide in the range of 2.9 to 3.0 volumes of carbon dioxide to one volume of beer in the container.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein said spigot is provided on one wall of said container, and wherein said step of dispensing beer from the spigot com¬ prises the step of orienting said container in a horizontal position with the spigot extending horizontally from said one wall, and wherein said step of releasing internal pressure comprises the steps of orienting said container with said one wall uppermost prior to orienting the container in a horizontal position and prior to initially dis¬ pensing beer from the container, and opening said spigot by a small amount to release pressure within said container by flowing pressurized gas from the container through a very small venting orifice in the spigot.

32. The method of claim 29 wherein said step of provid¬ ing a container comprises providing a container made of a plastic material having a small amount of permeability to carbon dioxide.

33. A method of providing draft beer comprising the steps of providing a container having a sealing and dispensing spigot, and substantially filling the container with draft beer having a volume of dissolved carbon dioxide greater than 2.6 and not more than about 3.1 times the volume of beer.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein said step of provid¬ ing a container comprises providing a container made of a material having some permeability to car¬ bon dioxide.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein said step of provid¬ ing a container comprises providing a container made of polyethylene terephthalate.

36. The method of claim 35 wherein said step of filling the container comprises filling the container with beer having a volume of dissolved carbon dioxide between 2.9 and 3.0 times the volume of beer.

37. The method of claim 33 wherein said step of filling comprises pressurizing the container, and including the steps of releasing pressure from the container and dispensing beer from the unpressurized con- tainer.

38. A method of providing draft beer for purchase by the consumer comprising the steps of providing a container having a sealing and dispensing spigot, and substantially filling the container with draft beer having a volume of dissolved carbon dioxide sufficiently great to avoid a flat taste when the container is opened and con¬ tents dispensed by the consumer, and suffi- ciently small to avoid excess foaming when the container is opened and contents dispensed by the consumer. 52

39. The method of claim 38 wherein said step of provid¬ ing a container comprises providing a container made of a material having some permeability to carbon dioxide, and wherein said step of filling comprises filling the container with beer having a volume of dissolved carbon dioxide between about 2.6 and 3.1 times the volume of beer.

40. The container of claim 1 wherein said closure member comprises an elongated tubular barrel body having an exterior surface, and wherein said sealing means com¬ prise an outwardly projecting circumferential rib formed integrally on said exterior surface.

41. A dispensing container comprising a container body, a spigot fixed to and extending outwardly of said container body and having an internal bore in communication with the interior of the container, said spigot having a pour opening and a vent port in communication with said bore, and a closure member mounted within the spigot bore for motion axially of the spigot, said closure member having a sealing section in¬ cluding sealing means engaging said bore, said closure member being movable from a closed inner position, wherein said sealing means are posi¬ tioned inwardly of said pour opening, to an outer dispensing position wherein said sealing means are positioned outwardly of said pour opening, said closure member including means for blocking flow of liquid from said container through said vent port while allowing flow of air inwardly through said vent port to the inte¬ rior of said container.

42. The container of claim 41 wherein said means for blocking flow comprises a closure sealing wall and passage means extending through said sealing wall in communication with said vent port when said closure member is in said outer dispensing posi¬ tion.

43. The container of claim 42 wherein said passage means includes a conduit connected to said sealing wall and extending to an upper portion of the inte¬ rior of said container body.

44. The container of claim 43 including a float secured to a portion of said conduit remote from said seal¬ ing wall.

45. The container of claim 41 wherein said sealing means are positioned inwardly of said vent port in said dispensing position.

46. The container of claim 41 wherein said spigot in¬ cludes a pressure release port, said closure member being movable to a pressure release position be¬ tween said inner and outer positions wherein gas is vented from the interior of said container through said pressure release port while flow of liquid from said container is blocked.

47. The container of claim 46 wherein said pour opening includes an inward wall, said pressure release port extending through said inward wall.

48. The container of claim 41 wherein said sealing means are positioned between said pour opening and vent port in said outer dispensing position, and including second sealing means on said closure mem¬ ber positioned outwardly of said vent port in said outer dispensing position.

49. The container of claim 41 wherein said closure mem¬ ber comprises a tubular barrel body closely received in said spigot and rotatable therein, and interengaging cam means on said barrel body and spigot for effecting relative axial motion of said barrel body and spigot in response to rotation of said barrel body relative to said spigot.

50. The container of claim 49 wherein said cam means comprise a closed bottom cam slot formed on said barrel body and extending spirally along said bar¬ rel body from an inner end to an outer end of said slot, and a cam follower pin fixed to the spigot and received in said cam slot.

51. The container of claim 50 wherein said cam slot has an outer leg having a relatively small inclination and an inner leg having a relatively great inclina¬ tion, whereby a relatively large amount of rotation of said barrel body causes a relatively small amount of axial shifting of the barrel body rela¬ tive to the spigot to provide a fine position con- trol of the barrel body on motion of said follower pin through said outer leg of the cam slot, and whereby a relatively small amount of rotation of said barrel body causes a relatively larger amount of axial shifting of the barrel body to provide more rapid positioning of said barrel body on mo¬ tion of said follower pin through said inner leg.

52. The container of claim 41 including latching means for releasably holding said closure member in said inner position.

53. The container of claim 46 including latching means responsive to pressure within said container body for releasably holding said closure member in said pressure release position.

54. The container of claim 53 wherein said latching means comprises cam pin and slot means intercon¬ necting said spigot and closure member for axially moving the closure member in response to rotation thereof, said cam pin and slot means including an inclined slot formed in one of said spigot and closure member and slidably receiving a pin fixed to the other of said spigot and closure member, said slot having a laterally extending latching notch that receives said pin in said pressure release position, said pin being urged into said notch by internal pressure of said container body.

55. The container of claim 41 including means connected with the closure member for flowing air between said vent port and an upper portion of the interior of said container.

56. A liquid dispenser comprising a container, a spigot fixed to said container, said spigot comprising: a hollow spigot body extending outwardly from said container, a pour spout formed on a side of said spigot, a vent port formed in said spigot, a closure member mounted in said spigot body for axial motion relative to the spigot body and having a sealing section in slidable sealing engagement with the interior of said spigot body, said closure member being movable within said spigot body between a closed position in which said spigot is sealed inwardly of said pour spout, and an outer dispensing position displaced axially outwardly along said spigot, said closure member comprising a hollow inner section having a tubular wall open at an inner end and having a sealing wall at said sealing section, handle means on said closure member. a pour opening in said tubular wall configured and arranged to provide liquid communication be¬ tween the interior of said container and said pour spout in said dispensing position, a vent opening in said sealing wall, and a vent conduit connected between said vent open¬ ing and the interior of said container, said vent conduit and vent opening being configured and arranged to provide fluid communication be¬ tween said vent port and an upper part of the interior of said container in said dispensing position.

57. The dispenser of claim 56 including a pressure release port formed in said spigot inwardly of said pour spout, said closure member being movable to a pressure release position inwardly of said outer dispensing position wherein said vent opening is in fluid communication with said pressure release port and flow between the interior of said container and at least said pour spout is blocked.

58. The dispenser of claim 56 including sealing means on said sealing wall for blocking flow of liquid from the container through the vent port while per¬ mitting air to flow inwardly through the vent port to said vent opening and vent conduit in said outer dispensing position.

59. The dispenser of claim 58 wherein said sealing means comprises an O-ring on said sealing wall positioned inwardly of said vent opening.

60. The dispenser of claim 56 including a pressure release port in said spigot, said closure member being movable to a pressure release position, and sealing means connected with said closure member for allowing flow of air from said container out¬ wardly through said pressure release port while blocking flow of liquid from said container through said pressure release port in said pressure release position.

61. The dispenser of claim 60 wherein said sealing means comprises an O-ring on said sealing wall positioned outwardly of said vent opening.

62. A dispensing container comprising a container body, a cap assembly including a spigot base and a spigot, said cap assembly being assembled to said container body and fixedly connected in sealed relation thereto, said spigot being fixed to and extending outwardly of said spigot base and having an internal bore in communication with the interior of the con- tainer, said spigot having a pour opening and a vent port in communication with said bore, a closure member mounted within the spigot bore for motion axially of the spigot, said closure member having a sealing sec- tion including sealing means engaging said bore, said closure member being mov¬ able between a closed inner position, wherein said sealing means are positioned inwardly of said pour opening, and an outer dispensing position wherein said sealing means are positioned outwardly of said pour opening, said closure member including a vent tube having a portion within said container for allowing flow of air inwardly through said vent port to the interior of said container, a float on said vent tube portion within said con¬ tainer, float retaining means for detachably securing said float to said cap assembly to facilitate assembly of said cap assembly to said container, and means for detaching said float from said spigot upon assembly of said cap assembly to said container.

63. The container of claim 62 wherein said float retaining means comprises a pin fixed to an inner end of said spigot, said vent tube portion having an opening that receives said pin to detachably secure the float to the spigot before the cap as¬ sembly is assembled to said container, said means for detaching comprising an inner end of said closure member.

64. The container of claim 62 wherein said float retaining means comprises a pin fixed to said spigot base adjacent an inner end of said spigot, said vent tube portion having an opening that receives said pin before the cap assembly is as¬ sembled to said container, said means for detaching comprising a plunger slidably mounted to said spigot base and extending there through, said plunger having an inner end configured and arranged to be driven inwardly of said spigot base to push against said float.

65. The container of claim 44 including holding means on an inner portion of said spigot for detachably securing said float, and means on said closure mem¬ ber for detaching said float.

66. The container of claim 44 including a float retain¬ ing pin fixed to said container body adjacent said spigot, said float having an opening, said pin having an end portion received in said float open- ing and detachably retaining said float adjacent said spigot, said closure member having an end por¬ tion configured and arranged to contact the float and detach it from said pin when said closure mem¬ ber moves to said closed inner position.

67. The dispenser of claim 56 wherein said spigot has an inner end extending into said container and in¬ cluding a retainer pin fixed to an exterior side of said end of said spigot body, said vent conduit having a free end within said container configured and arranged to detachably receive said retainer pin prior to assembly of said spigot to said con¬ tainer, and a float secured to said conduit free end and extending at least partly across said spigot inner end when said conduit free end receives said retainer pin, said closure member having an inner end extending inwardly of said spigot inner end in said closed position, whereby said closure member inner end will dislodge said 61

float and vent conduit from said retainer pin when said closure member moves toward said closed posi¬ tion.

68. A dispensing spigot assembly for use with a liquid container comprising a spigot adapted to be fixed to and extend outwardly of a container, and having an inter- nal bore for communication with the interior of the container, said spigot having a pour opening and a vent port in communication with said bore, and a closure member mounted within the spigot bore for motion axially of the spigot, said closure member having a sealing section in¬ cluding sealing means engaging said bore, said closure member being movable from a closed inner position, wherein said sealing means are posi¬ tioned inwardly of said pour opening, to an outer dispensing position wherein said sealing means are positioned outwardly of said pour opening, said closure member including means for blocking flow of liquid from said bore through said vent port while allowing flow of air in¬ wardly through said vent port and through said bore.

69. The spigot assembly of claim 68 wherein said means for blocking flow comprises a closure sealing wall and passage means extending through said sealing 62

wall in communication with said vent port when said closure member is in said outer dispensing posi¬ tion.

70. The spigot assembly of claim 69 wherein said pas¬ sage means includes a conduit connected to said sealing wall and extending to an upper portion of the interior of said container body.

71. The spigot assembly of claim 70 including a float secured to a portion of said conduit remote from said sealing wall.

72. The spigot assembly of claim 68 wherein said spigot includes a pressure release port, said closure mem¬ ber being movable to a pressure release position between said inner and outer positions wherein gas is vented through said bore and through said pres¬ sure release port while flow of liquid from said bore is blocked.

73. The spigot assembly of claim 68 wherein said seal¬ ing means are positioned between said pour opening and vent port in said outer dispensing position, and including second sealing means on said closure member positioned outwardly of said vent port in said outer dispensing position.

74. The spigot assembly of claim 68 wherein said closure member comprises a tubular barrel body closely received in said spigot and rotatable therein, and interengaging cam means on said barrel 63

body and spigot for effecting relative axial motion of said barrel body and spigot in response to rota¬ tion of said barrel body relative to said spigot.

75. The spigot assembly of claim 74 wherein said cam means comprise a closed bottom cam slot formed on said barrel body and extending spirally along said barrel body from an inner end to an outer end of said slot, and a cam follower pin fixed to the spigot and received in said cam slot.

76. A dispensing container comprising a generally cylindrical body having a top, a bottom and a side wall extending around a lon¬ gitudinal axis of the body, said bottom providing support for said container in an upright position, wherein said longitudinal axis is substantially vertical, a dispensing spigot connected with the body, and leg means fixed to the body for providing sup¬ port for said container in a dispensing posi¬ tion in which the body longitudinal axis is substantially horizontal.

77. The container of claim 76 wherein said leg means comprises at least one outwardly protruding member having a support edge including a portion displaced transversely of said longitudinal axis and lying in a plane tangent to the exterior surface of said body. 64

78. The container of claim 76 wherein said spigot ex¬ tends from said body adjacent said top along a spigot axis spaced from said longitudinal axis and extending in the same direction, said spigot ex- tending beyond said top, said bottom being formed with an offset recess configured and arranged to receive the spigot of a second similar dispensing container that is stacked below said first men¬ tioned container in upright position of said con- tainers.

79. The container of claim 77 wherein said spigot has a pour opening that faces downwardly in said dispens¬ ing position of said container.

80. The container of claim 77 wherein said leg means comprises a cross member integral with said body and extending substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal axis, said cross member having a sup- port edge lying in a plane tangent to said body.