AU451237B2

AU451237B2 - Exhaust gas manifold

Info

Publication number: AU451237B2
Application number: AU44614/72A
Authority: AU
Inventors: EDWARD SCHEITLIN and DAVID ROY BENTLEY GEORGE
Original assignee: Arvin Industries Inc
Current assignee: Meritor Inc
Priority date: 1971-12-03
Filing date: 1972-07-17
Publication date: 1974-08-01
Also published as: JPS4864316A; AU4461472A; FR2164263A5; DE2238256B2; DE2238256A1; GB1374830A; US3775979A; JPS5146207B2; DE2238256C3; CA961723A

Description

44 614

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, particularly the internal combustion engines in motor vehicles, contribute a substantial amount of exhaust

products to the atmosphere including substantial amounts of the oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide which are discharged from such engines in the exhaust gases. These pollutants when introduced into the atmosphere in sufficient quantities produce an atmospheric condition referr to as air pollution or smog.

Exhaust manifold gas temperatures will vary from 6000 F. to over 18000 F. depending upon where the temperatures

are measured and the engine operating conditions. If the exhaust gases are permitted to be retained in the manifold at the higher temperatures for a relatively short period of time, and mixed homogeneously with air, the unburned hydrocarbons

and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases will be oxidized

to thus reduce the amount of such pollutants that are dischar from the manifold. However, with the manifold designs heretofore employed, the mass of the manifold prevents it from being brought up to a high temperature quickly to achieve such oxidation. Further, becaus of its mass, the manifold cannot retain a large volume of the exhaust gases therein so that the gases are not retained therein for a period sufficient to achieve any significant degree of oxidation. 2 451 237

44,614 2

The present invention provides a means.of obtaining

a higher sensible exhaust gas temperature quickly and for increasing the dwell time of the gases in the manifold, thereby providing homogenous mixing of the exhaust gases and air while at the same time providing a lightweight manifold construction which will be able to withstand its inherent expansion and contraction due to the elevated

temperatures caused by the oxidation of the smog-producing

pollutants within the manifold.

In accordance with one form of the invention, there

is provided an outer shell having a plurality of inlet conduits adapted to be connected to the exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine and an outlet conduit adapted to be connected to an exhaust pipe. Carried within said outer shell on a plurality of brackets 4raan intermediate shell comprising a plurality of slidably interfit sleeves with the outer ends of the outermost pair of said sleeves being closed by a pair of end caps. One of the sleeves has an outlet

conduit projecting outwardly therefrom and slidably received

in the outer shell outlet conduit. An inner shell is carried within the intermediate shell and comprises a

plurality of open-ended slidably interfit sleeves. An inlet conduit is fixedly mounted on each pair of inner and

intermediate shell-forming sleeves andis slidably received

in one of the .inlet conduits on said outer shell.

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Thus, the exhaust gases pass successively through the

inlet conduits, the inner shell, and the intermediate

shell for discharge through the outlet conduits. And with the slidable constructions of the intermediate and inner

shells and inlet and outlet conduits, said intermediate

and inner shells are free to expand and contract with

respect to the outer shell without warping.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention.

In such drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal medial section through an

exhaust gas manifold embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse section taken on

the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal medial section similar to Fig.

1, but showing a modified form of the invention; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse section taken on

the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

In the embodiment of the invention as illustrated

in Figs. 1 and 2, the manifold is provided with an outer shell 10 conveniently formed as a pair of metal castings

12 and 13 rigidly interconnected by bolts 14. A plurality of longitudinally spaced inlet conduits 16 project outwardly

from the casting 12 and are provided at their outer ends

with mounting flanges 17 adapted to be connected to the

exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine. An outlet

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conduit 20 projects outwardly from the casting 13 and

is provided at its outer end with a mounting flange 21

adapted to be connected to an exhaust pipe. For reasons that will become more apparent hereinafter, a collar 22 is mounted in the outlet 20 and projects radially inwardly

therefrom.

Carried within the outer shell 10 is an intermediate

shell 25 formed from a plurality of longitudinally extending

interfitting sheet-metal sleeves 26, 27, 28 and 29. As shown in Fig. 1, each of the sleeves 26-28 is offset radially

inwardly, as at 30, and a colar 32 is mounted around each such shell in alignment with its offset 30 to define

therewith an annular channel 33. Thus, as shown, sleeve 27 is slidably received in channel 33 on sleeve 26, sleeve

28 is slidably received in channel 33 on sleeve 27, and sleeve 29 is slidably received in channel 33 on sleeve 28. The ends of the shell 25 are closed by a pair of end caps

on the opposed ends of sleeves 26 and 29. Each of the sleeves 26-29 is slidably supported on a plurality of arcuate brackets 37 mounted on the inner face of the

outer shell 10 and projecting radially inwardly therefrom.

Preferably, the brackets 37 are disposed opposite the inlets

56 for the sleeves 26, 27 and 29 for holding said inlets in the outer shell inlets 16. Thus, each of the sleeves is free to expand and contract with respect to each of the S 451, 237

44,614 /72

other sleeves and the outer shell

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, an outlet opening 39

is formed in sleeve 28. An outlet conduit 40 is mounted in the opening 39 as by having its inner end deformed to

define an annular channel 42 bindingly received over the

circumferential edge of said opening. The conduit projects outwardly from sleeve 28 and is slidably received

in the outlet collar 22 mounted in the outer shell outlet

The conduit 40 and collar 22 also help retain the

inlet 56 on shell 28 in its outer shell inlet 16.

An inner shell 45 is carried within the intermediate

shell 25 and comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending

sheet-metal sleeves 46, 47, 48 and 49 disposed in axial

alignment with the intermediate shell-forming sleeves 26-29,

respectively. As shown in Fig. 1, each of the shells 46-48

is offset radially inwardly at one of its ends,as at 50, and

with each of said offsets being slidably received in the

adjacent end of the next adjacent sleeve to thus permit

each of said sleeves to expand and contract with respect

to each of the other sleeves. The ends of the outermost sleeves 46 and 49 are spaced inwardly from the ends caps

to thus dispose the inner shell 45 in open communication

with the intermediate shell

Each of the sleeves 46-49 is provided with an inlet

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opening 53 disposed in radial alignment with an inlet

opening 54 formed in each of the sleeves 26-29. An inlet

conduit 56 is connected to each of the sleeves 46-49, and

to this end, the inner end of each of said inlet conduits 56

is deformed to define a channel 58 bindingly received over

the circumferential edges of the openings 53 and 54. The

outer end of each of the inlet conduits 56 is slidably

received in one of the aligned inlet conduits 16 on the

outer shell casting 12.

As shown in Fig. 2, the intermediate and inner shells o'e and 45 a-]/in the form of closed curves and have

elliptical cross-sections. And each of the inner shell-

forming sleeves 46-49 is eccentrically carried within its

associated intermediate shell-forming sleeves 26-29 so that the

sleeves forming the intermediateaid inner shells are

disposed in abutting engagement immediately adjacent their

inlet openings 53 and 54 but are spaced from each other

throughout the remainder of their circumferential extents.

Conveniently, a compressible insulation 60 is interposed

between the outer and intermediate shells 10 and 25 and in

the space between their respective outletconduits 20 and

for thus thermally insulating the outer shell from the

intermediate shell. With the major portion of the inner

shell 45 being spaced from the intermediate shell 25, there

will thus be little thermal conductivity between said inner 7 451,237

44, 614 i2

and outer shells.

In the operation of the manifold shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the exhaust gases enter the manifold through the inlet

cnduits 16 and 56 where they are discharged into the inner

shell 45. The gases exit the inner shell through the

opposed ends of the inner shell sleeves 46 and 49 into the intermediate shell 25 for discharge through the outlet

conduits 20 and 40. With the inner and intermediate shells

being formed of sheet-metal, the exhaust gases will rapidly .bring said shells up to a temperature substantially corres-

ponding to the temperature of the gases entering the mani-

fold. And by reason of the circuitous flow path through the

manifold, said exhaust gases will be retained within the

manifold for a period of time substantially greater than

with a conventional manifold. This increased dwell time at a quickly elevated temperature will cause oxidation

of the pollutants in the exhaust gases. With the spaced relationship between the several shells, the elevated

temperature rithin the inner shell will be maintained

without causing an excessive heating of the outer shell

Further, the sliding sleeved construction of the inner and

intermediate shells permits the inner and outer shells to

freely expand and contract without warping due to

temperature changes within the manifold. S 451,237

44,614 M

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs.

3 and 4 differs from the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in the construction of the inner shell. The construction of the outer shell 10' and intermediate shell 25' is identical to that previously described and illustrated in Figs. 1 and

2 of the drawings.

Thus, the outer shell 10' can be formed as a pair of

metal castings 2' and 3' rigidly interconnected by bolts

14'. A plurality of inlet conduits 16' project outwardly

from casting 12', and an outlet conduit 20' projects outwardly

from castings 13'.

The intermediate shell 25', which is carried within and

in spaced relation to the outer shell 10', is insulated from said outer shell by a layer of compressible insulation

The shell 25' is formed from a plurality of longi-

tudinally extending, alidably interfitting, sheet-metal

sleeves 26', 27', 28', and 29'. Each of the sleeves 26'-28' is offset radially inwardly, as at 30', and a collar 32'

extends around each such sleeve in alignment with the offset

therein to define with said offset an annular channel

33'. The adjacent end of the next adjacent sleeve is slidably

received in each of the channels 33' to thus permit said

sleeves to expand and contract with respect to each other. End caps 35' are mounted on the opposite ends of sleeves 26'

and 29' to close the ends of the shell 25'. The sleeves 26' 9 451,237

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44614/72

are slidably supported on a plurality of brackets 37'

interposed between the outer and intermeidate shells.

An outlet opening 39' is formed in sleeve 28', and

an outlet conduit 40' is mounted in said openings, as by

having its inner end deformed to form annular channel

bindingly received over the circumferential edge of said

opening. The conduit 40' projects outwardly and is

slidably received in an outlet collar 22' mounted in the

outer shell outlet

An inlet opening 54' is also formed in each of the

sleeves 26'-29', and an inlet conduit 56' is connected to

each of said sleeves as by having its inner end deformed

to define a channel 58' bindingly received over the

circumferential edge of its associated sleeve opening 54'.

The outer end of each of the inlet conduits 56' is slidably

received in one of the aligned inlet conduits 16' .on the

outer shell castings 12' and-the inner end of each of

said conduits is in open communication with an inner shell

The inner shell 45' is carried within the intermediate

shell 25', and comprises a plurality of longitudinally

extending sheet-metal plates 46', 47', 48', and 49'

connected to the inner walls of the intermediate shell-

forming sleeves 26'-29' respectively. As shown, each of

the plates 46'-49' extends diagonally across its associated 451,237

44,614/72

intermediate shell-forming sleeve and is connected

along its longitudinal edges to said sleeve. Each of the plates 47'-49' is offset inwardly at one of its

ends, as at 61. The offset 61 on each of the plates

47'-49', which is not connected to its associated inter-

mediate shell-forming sleeve, is slidably received in the

adjacent end of the next adjacent plate Thus, as shown in

Fig. 3, offset 61 on plate 47' is slidably received in the

adjacent end of plate 47', and offset 61 on plate 49' is

slidably received in the adjacent end of plate 49'. In this manner, each of the plates is free to expand and

contract with its associated intermediate shell-forming

sleeve with respect to the other plates and shell-forming

sleeves as well as the outer shell

The operation of the embodiment illustrated in Figs.

3 and 4 is like that of the embodiment shown in Figs. 1

and 2. That is, the ases enter the manifold through the

inlet conduits *15and56' where they are discharged

into the inner shell 45'. The gases exit said inner shell

at the opposite ends of the inner shell plates 46' and 49'

into the intermediate shell 25' and are discharged through

the outlet conduits 25' and

While the inner shell-forming plates 46'-49' have been

illustrated as being nonperforated, they may, if desired,

have perforations formed therein to thus provide a less 11 451,237

44,61472

restricted gas flow between the inner and intermediate

shells for increasing gas flow rate through the manifold

and reducing back pressure therein.

The embodiments have been illustrated as employing an

outer shell formed as a metal casting. It is to be under-

stood, of course, that said outer shell may be formed

from sheet-metal components if desired. It is also

contemplated that air may be introduced into the manifold

but this may be done in any convenient manner, such as

for example, introducing it with the exhaust gases at the

various manifold inlets connected to the engine exhaust

ports.

12 451,237

Claims

44 6 14 2 The claims defining the invention are as follows:

1. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion

engine, comprising an enclosed outer shell, a plurality of

first inlet conduits and a first outlet conduit on said outer

shell, an enclosed intermediate shell carried within said outer

shell, a second outlet conduit on said intermediate shell

projecting outwardly into said first outlet conduit, an inner

shell carried within said intermediate shell in open communica-

tion therewith, means for permitting said intermediate shell

to longitudinally expand and contract with respect to said

outer shell, a plurality of second inlet conduits in open

communication with said inner shell and projecting outwardly

from openings formed in said intermediate shell into said

first inlet conduits and means for permitting said inner shell

to longitudinally expand and contract with respect to said

intermediate shell and said second inlet and outlet conduits.

An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 1 with

the -addition that means are provided for supporting said

intermediate shell in spaced relation to said outer shell.

3. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 1 with

the addition that a collar is mounted in said first outlet

conduit and said second outlet conduit is slidably received in

said collar whereby said first and second outlet conduits are

disposed in spaced relation to each other and said second

outlet conduit is movable with respect to said first outlet

conduit.

4. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine, comprising an enclosed outer shell, a plurality of first inlet conduits and a first outlet conduit on said outer 13 451237

44,614 72 shell, an enclosed intermediate shell carried within said outer shell, a second outlet conduit on said intermediate shell projecting outwardly into said first outlet conduit, an inner shell carried within said intermediate shell in open communication therewith, and a plurality of second inlet con- duits in open communication with said inner shell and project- ing outwardly from openings formed in said intermediate shell into said first inlet conduits, each of said intermediate and inner shells comprising a plurality of longitudinally extend- ing slidably interfit sleeves with a pair of caps mounted on the sleeves of.the intermediate shell at the opposite ends thereof.

An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 4 in which means are interposed between said outer shell and each of the lsleeves forming the intermediate shell for holding said intermediate and outer shells in spaced relation to each other

6. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 4 in which the outermost ends of the outermost pair of sleeves forming said inner shell are spaced from said pair of end caps

7. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine, comprising an enclosed outer shell, a plurality of first inlet conduits and a first outlet conduit on said outer shell, an enclosed intermediate shell carried within said outer shell, a second outlet conduit on said intermediate shel projecting outwardly into said first outlet conduit, an inner

shell carried within said intermediate shell in open communi- cation therewith, said inner shell comprising a plurality of lor itudinally extending sleeves with each of said sleeves being slidably interfit in the next adjacent sleeve, and a 14 451,237

44,61472 plurality of second inlet conduits in open communication with

said inner shell and projecting outwardly from the openings

formed in said intermediate shell into said first inlet

conduits.

8. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion

engine, comprising an enclosing outer shell, a plurality of

first inlet conduits and a first outlet conduit on said outer shell, an enclosed intermediate shell carried within said outer shell, a second outlet conduit on said intermediate shell projecting outwardly into said first outlet conduit, an inner shell carried within said intermediate shell in open communi- cation therewith, a plurality of second inlet conduits in open communication with said inner shell and projecting outwardly from openings formed in said intermediate shell into said first inlet conduits, said inner shell comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending sleeves, each of said sleeves being slidably interfit with the next adjacent sleeve, one of said second inlet conduits being in open communication with each of said sleeves, and means on said second inlet conduits for mounting them on said sleeves and interconnecting said sleeves and intermediate shell.

9. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine, comprising an enclosed outer shell, a plurality of first inlet conduits and a first outlet conduit on said outer shell, an enclosed intermediate shell carried within said outer shell, a second outlet conduit on said intermediate shell projecting outwardly into said first outlet conduit, an inner shell carried within said intermediate shell in open communication therewith, a plurality of second inlet conduits 4 5 1 2, 3 7

44,614M~ in open communication with said inner shell and projecting outwardly from openings formed in said intermediate shell into said first inlet conduits, each of said intermediate and inner shells comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending slidably interfit sleeves in the form of closed curves, said second inlet conduit being mounted in an inlet opening in one of the Intermediate shell-forming sleeves, each of said second inlet conduits being mounted in aligned inlet openings in the inner and intermediate shell-forming sleeves, each of said inner shell-forming sleeves abutting one of the inter- mediate shell-forming sleeves adjacent their aligned inlet openings, and means on each of said inlet conduits for inter- connecting each pair of inner and intermediate shell-forming sleeves at their aligned inlet openings.

An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine, comprisingwi enclosed outer shell, a plurality of first inlet conduits and a first outlet conduit on said outer shell,. an enclosed intermediate shell carried within said outer shell,.a second outlet condlait on said intermediate shel). projecting outwardly Into said first outlet conduit, an inner shell carried within said intermediate shell in open communication therewith, and a plurality of second inlet con- duits in open comunication with said inner shell and pro- jecting outwardly from openings formed in said intermediate shell into said first Inlet conduit, said intermediate shell comprising a plurality of slidably Interfit sleeves, means closing the ends of said intermediate shell, and said inner shell comprising a plurality of plates mounted in and extend- Ing across said sleeves with each of said plates being slid- 16 451,237

44,614 72 ably interfit with the next adjacent plate.

11. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 10 in which the outermost ends of the outermost pair of plates form-

ing said inner shell are spaced from said means closing the

ends of said intermediate shell.

12. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim in which at least one of said plates has a plurality of

openings formed therein.

13. An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine, comprising an enclosed outer shell, a plurality of first inlet conduits and a first outlet conduit on said outer

shell, an enclosed intermediate shell carried within said

outer shell, a secord outlet conduit on said intermediate shell

projecting outwardly into said first outlet conduit and inner

shell carried within said intermediate shell in open communi-

cation therewith, a plurality of second inlet conduits in

open communication with said inner shell and projecting out-

wardly from openings formed in said intermediate shell into

said first inlet conduits, said intermediate shell comprising a plurality of slidably interfit sbeves, means closing the ends of said intermediate shell, said inner shell comprising

a plurality of plates mounted in and extending across said

sleeves, each of said plates being slidably interfit with the next adjacent plate, said second inlet conduit being mounted

on one of said sleeves, and one of said second inlet conduits being mounted on each of said sleeves. I

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44.614/7 14. An exhaust gas manifold as set forth in claim 1 wit] the addition that said first inlet and outlet conduits are

movable with respect to said second inlet and outlet conduit:

respectively.

DATED this 25th day of June, 1974.

ARVIN INDUSTRIES, INC.

EDWD. WATERS SONS, Patent Attorneys, Russell Street, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA.

6 18 4 51, 237

44.61417Z

Fi .2

19 451,237

44.6 14 m7

Fig.-4

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