AU2384199A - Austenitic stainless steel sheet which can be used in the field of the manufa cture of tanks and in particular in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking - Google Patents

Austenitic stainless steel sheet which can be used in the field of the manufa cture of tanks and in particular in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2384199A
AU2384199A AU23841/99A AU2384199A AU2384199A AU 2384199 A AU2384199 A AU 2384199A AU 23841/99 A AU23841/99 A AU 23841/99A AU 2384199 A AU2384199 A AU 2384199A AU 2384199 A AU2384199 A AU 2384199A
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Australia
Prior art keywords
tanks
grains
field
steel sheet
sheet
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Abandoned
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AU23841/99A
Inventor
Laurence Boulange
Karine Dupre
Francoise Haegeli
Michel Moutounet
Aude Vernhet
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Ugine SA
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Ugine SA
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Publication of AU2384199A publication Critical patent/AU2384199A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/227—Surface roughening or texturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/228—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length skin pass rolling or temper rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Description

AUSTRALIA
Patents Act COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority Related Art: *e Actual Inventor(s): Laurence Boulange Francoise Haegeli Aude Vernhet SN o Michel Moutounet Karine Dupre S Address for Service: PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys 367 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 AUSTRALIA Invention Title: AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL SHEET WHICH CAN BE USED IN THE FIELD OF THE MANUFACTURE OF TANKS AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE FIELD OF THE MANUFACTURE OF TANKS FOR WINEMAKING Our Ref: 579993 POF Code: 288070/361444 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to applicant(s): -1-
-IA-
The present invention relates to a steel which can be used in the field of the manufacture of tanks for dairy and others liquids for eating and in particular in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking.
Stainless steel is a material frequently used in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking. During the processing of wines, a cold stabilization operation is carried out, the aim of which is to precipitate, in the form of potassium 15 hydrogentartrate (KHT), the tartaric acid present in the wine and to prevent deposits at the bottom of bottles.
The tartar layers formed during alcoholic and malolactic fermentations and during the processing of 20 wines can be adherent and difficult to remove by S-conventional cleaning operations carried out at the end of a winemaking campaign. The automation of winemaking techniques has currently led to a reduction in the number of people responsible for tank maintenance. For this reason, winegrowers are looking for tanks which have easily cleanable surfaces and are seeking to limit water consumption and effluents during the cleaning of the said tanks.
Steel sheets used in the winemaking field exhibiting a surface finish of the type referenced as 2R finished, regarded as being capable of limiting the deposition of tartar, are known. The surface quality of these sheets, of the bright annealed type, without surface defects, is regarded as being the dominating factor in reducing these mechanisms.
However, steel sheets exhibiting the surface finish described above present the problem of the maintenance of the quality of brightness of the sheets during the manufacture of the tank by a boilermaker and 2 that of the cleaning of the tanks by the winegrower, due to the very high reflection of the torches used for electric lighting during the cleaning of these tanks.
Until now, it has always been thought that the stainless steel surfaces exhibiting the lowest possible mean roughness values made it possible to limit the deposition of tartar on surfaces in the winemaking field, resulting in the use of steel sheets with a 2R bright finish quality.
The aim of the invention is to produce sheets comprising a surface finish contributing certain :i features with respect to precipitations, for example of "tartar in the case of wine, this surface finish limiting the adhesion of certain wine compounds, in 15 particular KHT, while improving the cleanability.
The subject-matter of the invention is an austenitic stainless steel sheet which can be used in the field of the manufacture of tanks for dairy and others liquids for eating and in particular in the 20 field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking, which 9.-9 sheet is cold rolled and exhibits a surface finish with a roughness, measured by AFM over ranges of 100 im by 9999 100 um, defined by an Ra of between 0.05 pm and 0.15 .lam.
The other characteristics of the invention are that: the grain boundaries have a depth of between 0.1 pm and 0.5 pm and preferably of approximately 0.4 pm and a width of between 0.5 pm and 1.8 pm and preferably of approximately 1.5 pm, the grains of the metal, at the surface, have a mean diameter of between 5 pm and 20 pm, the mean amplitude of the surface of the grains, measured by AFM, is between 5 nm and 30 nm and preferably approximately 10 nm.
The invention also relates to a process for the production of an austenitic stainless steel sheet which can be used in the field of the manufacture of tanks for dairy and others liquids for eating and in 3 particular in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking, characterized in that cold rolling is carried out on a sheet of austenitic steel having a surface of 2B type, so as to flatten the grains by forcing them back towards the grain boundaries so as to come close the said grain boundaries, the surface of the steel sheet exhibiting grain boundaries with a narrow and shallow shape and highly flattened grains devoid of microroughness.
According to another characteristic of the process, the flattened shape of the grains is obtained **by a final cold rolling of skin pass type with a degree of reduction of less than The description which follows and the appended 15 figures, which are all given by way of non-limiting example, will give a better understanding of the invention.
Figures la and lb respectively present a surface profile and a histogram describing the surface finish of a rolled steel sheet of conventional 2B type.
Figures 2a and 2b respectively present a surface profile and a histogram describing the surface 9999 finish of a rolled steel sheet according to the S" invention.
The mechanisms of deposition of tartar on the surfaces have been demonstrated in a comparative manner, and cleanability tests have made it possible to differentiate, in quality, the surface finishes of industrial stainless steel sheets with the surface finish of a sheet according to the invention.
The use of steel is widespread in the food industry sector. Its development over more than sixty years is explained by the fact that it fully meets the requirements expected for materials brought into contact with foods, which requirements can be summarized under three aspects: chemical, bacteriological and organoleptic neutrality with regard to foodstuffs, 4 aptitude for cleaning and guarantee of hygiene in comparison with the other materials, stability, resistance to corrosion and to ageing of foodstuffs.
By its mechanical and physical characteristics, austenitic stainless steel fully meets the expectations of boilermakers: absence of brittleness and perfect impact strength, insensitivity to temperature and pressure variations, high mechanical characteristics, which makes possible lighter plants, very good weldability and very good ductility, providing easy shaping.
The topography of a surface of a steel sheet 15 can be characterized at three different levels: Order 1 level, which describes, for example, the striations due to rolling or alternatively the undulations of the sheet. The size of the rolling striations is greater than or equal to approximately 20 100 pm.
Order 2 level, which presents a steel surface at the level of the metal grains with an order of es magnitude of 10 to 20 pm.
Order 3 level, which takes into account the defects at the surface of a grain and which corresponds to the microgeometry of the surface.
The level 3 is visible solely by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), which has a greater sensitivity in comparison with the other techniques commonly used in the field of the characterization of surfaces.
Over ranges of 100 m x 100 Wm, in an analysis at an order 3 level of so-called standard surfaces described as 2B, subgrains appear constituting a grain where the subboundaries have a depth of 0.1 pm and a width of 0.15 pmun. Small depressions, with a width of approximately 3 pm and with a depth of approximately nm, are also recorded. The grain boundaries exhibit a depth of 0.5 pm and a width of 5 tmun. The presence of holes with a diameter which can reach several microns 5 is also recorded. The roughness measured over such a surface and displayed by the index Ra is approximately pm, determined by interferometry and AFM over ranges of 100 pm x 100 pm.
From the viewpoint of the mechanisms for the deposition of tartar, it appears that the yeasts present in the wine are the first to adhere to the steel surfaces and act as nucleation seeds for the tartar crystals. It has been demonstrated that the adhesion of yeasts to the surface of a stainless steel depends both on the physicochemical properties of the surface, quantifiable by contact angle measurements, and also on the topography of the surface, quantifiable by roughness measurements. Furthermore, due to the presence of grain boundaries on the surfaces, for example surfaces of type 2B, the yeasts preferentially adhere to the grain boundaries over the surfaces and preferentially adhere in the form of clusters to the surfaces of bright annealed 2R type.
20 Due to the basic nature of the surface of the yeasts, the tartaric acid present in wine has a strong affinity for the yeasts and preferentially precipitates on the said yeasts. The macromolecules present in wine a. have an inhibiting effect on the precipitation of tartar. It has been noticed that this effect is particularly visible for polyphenols and polysaccharides, which are macromolecules in wine. Depending on the composition of the wine, which varies from one year to another, and depending on the amounts of polyphenols adsorbed, crystal growth may or may not be strongly inhibited. In the case of white wine, where polyphenols are present in much lower amounts, the KHT crystals can grow on the surface.
In a comparative example, tests of deposition of tartar were carried out with two red wines, the compositions of which are presented in Table 1.
6 Table 1: Composition Wine 1995 Wine 1997 pH 3.6 3.7 Tartaric acid 5.9 2.6 Polysaccharides (mg/1) 342.4 457 AGPs arabinogalactanproteins 120.5 301 Mps mannoproteins 70.6 69 Rhamnogalacturonans RG-II 137 67 Rhamnogalacturonans RG-I 13.5 14 Polyphenols 1.42 1.23 The wine from 1995 has a greater amount of S* 5 tartaric acid than that from 1997. On the other hand, the latter exhibits a higher content of polysaccharides.
The deposits obtained after cooling, measured in mg/cm 2 with regard to various types of surface quality, were analysed by physicochemical techniques and are presented in Table 2.
Table 2: a Wine 1995 Wine 1997 2B 2R 2B 2R Yeasts 24 65 20 22 KHT 69 9 76 77 Polyphenols 1.6 27 1.9 1.8 Polysaccharides 0.9 0.7 0.6 The fact is demonstrated that the composition of the deposit varies according to the composition of the wine and the surface finish of the sheet of the tank.
The stainless steel sheet according to the invention which can be used in the field of the manufacture of tanks for dairy and others liquids for eating and in particular in the field of the 7 manufacture of tanks for winemaking is a cold-rolled austenitic steel exhibiting a surface finish characterized in that the grains of the metal have a mean diameter of between 5 pmn and 20 pm, the mean amplitude of the grains, measured by AFM, being 10 nm.
The grain boundaries have a depth of between 0.1 pm and 0.5 pin and a width of between 0.5 pm and 1.8 pm. The roughness, measured by the index Ra over 100 pm x 100 pim ranges by means of the AFM method, is between 0.05 pm and 0.15 pm.
According to the invention, the surface finish is obtained by rolling, so as to flatten the grains of a surface of 2B type by driving them back towards the grain boundaries. The grain boundaries are therefore 15 closed. In this novel structure, it has been noticed that the grain boundaries can no longer trap microorganisms.
The stainless steel sheet, for example of the AISI 304 or 316 L type, is prepared from a slab and was 20 then subjected to hot rolling, annealing, shot blasting and descaling, cold rolling and final annealing, followed by chemical pickling and by a final rolling with a low degree of reduction, known as skin pass rolling, according to the process of the invention.
After conventional treatment of this steel sheet, grain boundaries are obtained. On the other hand, by virtue of optimization of the manufacturing conditions according to the invention, the metal is forced back into the grain boundaries by virtue of the final cold rolling with a low degree of reduction, of less than and preferably of less than which deforms the grain boundaries and the grains of the metal. In this case, the grain boundaries have a highly specific size and shape, a flattened shape which makes possible the removal of the microorganisms which adhere to the surfaces of the stainless steel.
Figures la and ib, which respectively exhibit a surface profile and a histogram displaying the surface finish of a steel sheet of conventional 2B type, should 8 be compared with Figures 2a and 2b, which respectively exhibit a surface profile and a histogram displaying the surface finish of a steel sheet according to the invention.
In the tests of deposition of tartar, the sample sheets are placed on a stainless steel support with a coolingsystem in which a liquid coolant circulates. The temperature of the samples is between 4 and 5 0 C. The samples constitute the cold point of the tank wall, and consequently the deposition of KHT takes place on the sample. After stabilization of the wine, determined by virtue of the fall in conductivity, the *"sample is removed and dried in the air before being weighed.
15 In the field of the cleaning of surfaces, it has been shown that the cleanability depended on the topography of the surface, it being possible for the yeasts or the tartar to be preferentially deposited on the grain surfaces of the steel sheet or in the defect regions, such as the grain boundaries, or alternatively in the defect regions with a specific shape, with a grain boundary with an imposed shape. According to the *555 invention, the surface of the steel sheet has the 0 characteristic of exhibiting a grain boundary with a narrow and shallow shape and a very flattened grain devoid of microroughness.
The term "imposed shape" is understood to mean the shape of the grains with a mean size, with respect to an equivalent circle, of between 5 pun and 20 um and having a grain surface exhibiting a microroughness of between 10 nm and 100 nm, the grain boundary being closed.
The squashed shape of the grains is obtained by final cold rolling of skin pass type with a degree of deformation of between 0.4% and 2%.
The cleanability is measured by the loss in weight before and after cleaning. Cleaning is carried out in a laminar flow cell in which the water pressure, the cleaning time and the temperature are controlled, 9 the water pressure being, for example, 0.1 bar and the temperature being chosen between 20 0 C and 50 0
C.
The losses in weight after cleaning steel samples for two types of wine and for the steel sheet according to the invention and two steel sheets of 2R bright annealed type and of 2B type are presented in Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3: Cleanability Steel according 2R Finish 2B Finish to the invention Red wine Cold water 84 91 S. Hot water 98 99 98 ~In all cases, traces of coloured matter, of the 9999 order of remain on the sheet, which matter has to be removed by washing with sodium hydroxide.
1 999 Table 4: Cleanability Steel according 2R Finish 2B Finish to the invention White wine Cold water 44 90 Hot water 91 97 88 The steel according to the invention exhibits, as regards quality, characteristics intermediate between a steel of the bright annealed type and a steel of 2B type.
After formation of the KHT deposits on the surfaces, cleaning with cold water and then with hot water is necessary. The amount of cold water and of hot water useful in cleaning the sample sheets was measured. The change from cold water to hot water is made when the deposit is no longer visually observed to detach from the surface. The water consumption in
I
10 cleaning the surfaces after contact with the wine is given in Tables 5 and 6.
Table Consumption (m 3 /m 2 Red wine Cold water Hot water Steel according to the invention 2.2 1.8 2R Finish 2B Finish 2.6 2.0 2.7 Table 6: Consumption (m 3 /m 2 White wine Cold water Hot water Steel according to the invention 2.8 1.4 2R Finish 2B Finish 2.4 1.7 2.9 1.6 In the example in Table 6, the white wine taken as reference is very rich in polysaccharides, this generating very adherent deposits.
In the case of the red wines, after cleaning with cold water and with hot water, in all cases traces of colouring matter remain which are highly visible to the naked eye. This colouring matter is initially red but darkens on oxidation with air.
It is necessary to clean the surfaces with sodium hydroxide solution at 4g/l in order to ensure the cleanliness of the surfaces of the tanks. The sodium hydroxide consumption is given in Table 7.
Table 7: Surfaces Consumption (1/M 2 Steel according to the invention 220 2R Finish 2B Finish 410 320 11 With the steel sheet according to the invention, comprising the proposed surface finish, treatment of the effluents is significantly limited.
The whiteness and the brightness of the surface of the steel sheet were measured before and after use and cleaning in order to confirm the aesthetic appearance and the preservation of the surface finish. This is because colouring matter can remain at the surface after cleaning. The brightness and the whiteness obtained before and after cleaning are shown in ":-Table 8.
Table 8: Surfaces Steel 2R Finish 2B Finish according to 9**9 the invention Before After Before After Before After Brightness 18.7 11.4 43.7 28 6.2 4.7 Whiteness 74 66 75 61 73 73 *9*9 The brightness and the whiteness of the surface were greatly modified, after contact with the red wine and cleaning, on a bright annealed surface of the sheet of the prior art. These variations are decreased on the surface of the steel sheet according to the invention.
During the processing of wines, acetic bacteria adhering to the surface of the steel of the tank are the source of acescency. They oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid, a portion of which is esterified to ethyl acetate, this compound possessing a penetrating smell and a burning flavour, noticeable even at low concentration, which consequently constitutes a loss in quality of the wine for the winegrower.
Measurements of adhesion of the acetic bacterium "Acetobacter aceti" to the surface of the steel sheet according to the invention and to a steel 12 sheet of the 2R bright annealed type and of the 2B type, taken as reference, were carried out. After the sheets had been in contact with a white wine for 8 days at room temperature, a slight microbial film had formed at the surface. The surfaces, rinsed with cold water and then dried, were metallized and analysed using a scanning electron microscope. The adherent bacteria were counted as represented in Table 9, adhesion being expressed as the number of adherent cells per mm 2 Table 9: *e Surfaces Steel according 2R Finish 2B Finish the invention to: Cells/mm 2 1985 4327 2204 Observation shows that the microorganisms 15 adhere in clusters to the surfaces of the reference bright annealed steel sheet, the microgeometry of this surface making possible the formation of clusters. The adherent microorganisms group together by virtue of side forces which interact between the microorganisms.
S.o.
20 On the surface of the steel sheet according to the invention, the microorganisms preferentially adhere at the grain boundaries of the steel, which have the role of microorganism trap. Furthermore, the microgeometry of the surface of the steel sheet according to the invention makes possible the detachment of these microorganisms and therefore improves the hygiene of the surfaces.
The steel sheet according to the invention can also be used in the dairy industry because the establishment of a biofilm on the steel surfaces takes place by the adhesion of microorganisms to the surfaces, which microorganisms themselves initiate fouling and the deposition of tartar in a dairy environment. The steel sheet can also be usable in the pharmaceutical industry or in a hospital environment, where the hygiene of the surfaces remains a fundamental problem, 13 or in any industry which uses microbial fermentation processes with yeasts or bacteria, for example the brewing industry, the dairy industry, the cheesemaking industry, and the like.
9 99*9*9 9 .99.
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Claims (6)

1. Austenitic stainless steel sheet which can be used in the field of the manufacture of tanks for dairy and others liquids for eating and in particular in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking, which sheet is cold rolled and exhibits a surface finish with a roughness, measured by AFM over ranges of 100 pm by 100 pm, defined by an Ra of between 0.05 pm and 0.15 pm.
2. Sheet according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grain boundaries have a depth of between C. 0.1 pm and 0.5 pm and preferably of approximately 0.4 pm and a width of between 0.5 pm and 1.8 pm and 15 preferably of approximately 1.5 pm.
3. Sheet according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grains of the metal, at the surface, have a mean diameter of between 5 pm and 20 pm.
4. Sheet according to Claim 1, characterized in 20 that the mean amplitude of the surface of the grains, "measured by AFM, is between 5 nm and 30 nm and pre- ferably approximately 10 nm.
5. Process for the production of the sheet according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that cold rolling is carried out on a sheet of austenitic steel having a surface of 2B type, so as to flatten the grains by forcing them back towards the grain boun- daries so as to close the said grain boundaries, the surface of the steel sheet exhibiting grain boundaries with a narrow and shallow shape and highly flattened grains devoid of microroughness.
6. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that the flattened shape of the grains is obtained by a final cold rolling of skin pass type with a degree of reduction of less than DATED: 19th April, 1999 PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Attorneys for: UGINE SA Afcu^^^^Afe
AU23841/99A 1998-04-23 1999-04-20 Austenitic stainless steel sheet which can be used in the field of the manufa cture of tanks and in particular in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking Abandoned AU2384199A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9805072A FR2777811B1 (en) 1998-04-23 1998-04-23 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL SHEET USED IN THE FIELD OF THE CELLAR AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE FIELD OF THE WINE CELLAR
FR9805072 1998-04-23

Publications (1)

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AU2384199A true AU2384199A (en) 1999-11-04

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AU23841/99A Abandoned AU2384199A (en) 1998-04-23 1999-04-20 Austenitic stainless steel sheet which can be used in the field of the manufa cture of tanks and in particular in the field of the manufacture of tanks for winemaking

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0951954A1 (en)
AR (1) AR016219A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2384199A (en)
BR (1) BR9903052A (en)
CA (1) CA2269430A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2777811B1 (en)
NO (1) NO991912L (en)

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1602739A (en) * 1978-05-18 1981-11-18 Grose F J G Method of and apparatus for maturing wine
JPS57104628A (en) * 1980-12-23 1982-06-29 Nippon Steel Corp Production of high-strength stainless steel plate
IE852444L (en) * 1986-09-15 1987-04-04 Donald Eugene Panoz Apparatus for ageing and flavouring wine
JPH0742513B2 (en) * 1989-03-14 1995-05-10 新日本製鐵株式会社 Method for producing austenitic stainless steel sheet
US5092393A (en) * 1989-03-14 1992-03-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing cold-rolled strips and sheets of austenitic stainless steel
EP0458987B2 (en) * 1989-12-20 2002-05-22 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing thin austenitic stainless steel plate and equipment therefor
US5174461A (en) * 1992-01-23 1992-12-29 Sullivan Stephen T Wine barrel
EP0594866B1 (en) * 1992-04-16 1998-08-05 Nippon Steel Corporation Austenitic stainless steel sheet with excellent surface quality and production thereof
JP3280744B2 (en) * 1993-04-13 2002-05-13 新日本製鐵株式会社 Method for producing austenitic stainless steel sheet excellent in abrasiveness
GB9400158D0 (en) * 1994-01-06 1994-03-02 Kerr Joseph R Fermenting apparatus
JPH07265905A (en) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-17 Kawasaki Steel Corp Production of surface worked stainless steel sheet excellent in uniformity of color tone
JPH07303902A (en) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-21 Nippon Steel Corp Production of high-gloss austenitic stainless steel sheet
JP3215266B2 (en) * 1994-07-12 2001-10-02 新日本製鐵株式会社 Method for producing austenitic stainless steel sheet with excellent image clarity
JPH08246060A (en) * 1995-03-10 1996-09-24 Kawasaki Steel Corp Production of steel sheet for can
FR2740061B1 (en) * 1995-10-19 1997-11-28 Ugine Sa PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF A STRIP OF LAMINATED SHEET OF STAINLESS STEEL HAVING AN IMPROVED SURFACE CONDITION

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Publication number Publication date
BR9903052A (en) 2001-03-20
FR2777811B1 (en) 2000-05-19
FR2777811A1 (en) 1999-10-29
NO991912D0 (en) 1999-04-21
AR016219A1 (en) 2001-06-20
NO991912L (en) 1999-10-25
EP0951954A1 (en) 1999-10-27
CA2269430A1 (en) 1999-10-23

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