AU2203800A - Antiviral method using mek inhibitors - Google Patents

Antiviral method using mek inhibitors Download PDF

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AU2203800A
AU2203800A AU22038/00A AU2203800A AU2203800A AU 2203800 A AU2203800 A AU 2203800A AU 22038/00 A AU22038/00 A AU 22038/00A AU 2203800 A AU2203800 A AU 2203800A AU 2203800 A AU2203800 A AU 2203800A
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methyl
iodo
phenylamino
benzamide
difluoro
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AU22038/00A
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Alexander James Bridges
David Thomas Dudley
Stephen Joseph Gracheck
Annette Lynn Meyer
Alan Robert Saltiel
Judith Sebolt-Leopold
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Warner Lambert Co LLC
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Warner Lambert Co LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
    • A61P31/22—Antivirals for DNA viruses for herpes viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • AIDS & HIV (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Sulfur Atoms (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Description

WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 ANTIVIRAL METHOD USING MEK INHIBITORS FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a method for preventing and treating viral diseases in mammals comprising administering a compound characterized as an 5 inhibitor of a family of enzymes known as MEK kinases, which are groups of MAP (mitogen-associated protein kinase) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) enzymes which regulate phosphorylation of substrates. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Some diseases caused by viruses are relatively mild and do not lead to 10 major health problems. For example, rhinoviruses, of which there are over 40 strains, are the cause of the common cold. Although generally not considered life threatening, there still are no agents effective in preventing, or even inhibiting, rhinoviruses. Furthermore, not all viruses are as innocuous, and indeed some viruses lead to dreaded diseases which result in substantial suffering and eventual 15 death. HIV is a member of the class of viruses known as retroviruses. The retrovirus genome is composed of RNA which can be converted to DNA by reverse transcription. This retroviral DNA is integrated into a host cell's chromosome. Produced via the replicative processes of the host cells, retroviral 20 particles propagate the infection to other cells. HIV appears to have a particular affinity for the human T-4 lymphocyte which plays a vital role in the body's immune system. HIV infection of these lymphocytes depletes this white cell population. Eventually, the immune system is rendered inoperative or ineffective against various opportunistic diseases such as pneynocystic carini pneumonia, 25 Karposi's sarcoma, and cancer of the lymph system. Another type of virus resistant to treatment is herpesvirus. Herpesvirus includes a large group of DNA viruses found in many animal species. The nucleic acid is a single molecule of double-stranded DNA and consists of about 1 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 152,000 base pairs. These viruses mature in the nucleus of an infected cell, where they induce formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Herpesviruses cause oral herpes simplex, genital herpes simplex, varicella, herpes zoster, and cytomegalic inclusion disease in humans, and cause pseudorabies and other diseases in 5 animals. Cytomegalovirus is one member of the group of highly host-specific herpesviruses that infect humans, monkeys, and rodents, and generally leads to a syndrome resembling infectious mononucleosis. Viruses also produce epidermal tumors caused by papillomavirus, commonly referred to as warts. While warts on most skin are not of great concern, 10 genital warts have become a significant health problem. Because viruses are virtually immune to total destruction, and because the diseases caused by viruses are so devastating, both in health care costs and human suffering, the need continues to find new and better medicines to not only treat the diseases caused by viruses, but to actually prevent the disease. We have now 15 discovered that a new class of MEK inhibitors are particularly well-suited to preventing and treating a wide range of viral diseases and infections in mammals. Most of these MEK inhibitors are known to be useful for treating septic shock, for instance as described in WO 98/37881. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 20 This invention provides a method for preventing and treating viral infections in mammals. The method includes the step of administering to a mammal infected with a virus and in need of treatment, or to a mammal at risk of developing a viral infection or disease, an anti-viral effective amount of a MEK inhibitor. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for 25 preventing or treating viral infections in mammals by administering a selective MEK inhibitor. Selective MEK inhibitors are those compounds which inhibit the MEK 1 and MEK 2 enzymes without substantial inhibition of other such enzymes. In a further embodiment, the invention provides a method for preventing and/or treating viral infections comprising administering an effective amount of the 30 selective MEK inhibitor described in US 5,525,625, incorporated herein by 2 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 reference, which selective MEK inhibitor is 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo 4H-[1]benzopyran. In another preferred embodiment, the MEK inhibitor to be administered is a phenyl amine derivative of Formula I 5 jr2 Z I R5I Br or I BrorIR3 R4 In Formula (I), R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, CI-C 8 alkyl, Cl-C 8 alkoxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, or CN. R 2 is hydrogen. R 3 , R4, and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, C I-C 8 alkyl, 10 CI-C 8 alkoxy, nitro, CN, and -(0 or NH)m-(CH2)n-R9. R 9 is hydrogen, hydroxy, COOH, or NR 1 0
R
1 1; n is 0-4; m is 0 or 1. Each of R 1 0 and R 1 I is independently selected from hydrogen and CI-C 8 alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached can complete a 3-10 member cyclic ring optionally containing 1, 2, or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N-(CI-C8 15 alkyl). Z is COOR 7 , tetrazolyl, CONR 6
R
7 , CONHNR 10 RI 1, or CH 2 0R 7 . R 6 and R 7 independently are hydrogen, Cl-C 8 alkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkenyl, C 2
-C
8 alkynyl, (CO)-Cl-C 8 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 3
-C
10 cycloalkyl, or C 3
-C
1 0 (cycloalkyl optionally containing one, two, or three heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N alkyl); or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached 20 complete a 3-10 member cyclic ring optionally containing 1, 2, or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N alkyl. In formula (I), any of the foregoing alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and alkynyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by halo, hydroxy, CI-C 6 alkoxy, amino, nitro, CI-C 4 alkylamino, di(Ci-C 4 )alkylamino, C 3
-C
6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, C 3
-C
5 25 heteroaryl or heterocyclic radical, or C 3
-C
5 heteroaryloxy or heterocyclic radical 3 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 oxy. The invention also provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug of each of the disclosed MEK inhibitors. Preferred embodiments of Formula (I) have a structure wherein: (a) R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, fluoro, chloro, or bromo; (b) R 2 is hydrogen; (c) R 3 , 5 R 4 , and R 5 independently are hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, methyl, methoxy, or nitro; (d) RIO and RI independently are hydrogen or methyl; (e) Z is COOR7, tetrazolyl, CONR 6 R7, CONHNRioR,,, or CH 2 OR7; R 6 and R7 independently are hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, or C 3.5 cycloalkyl optionally containing one or two heteroatoms selected from 0, S, or NH; or R 6 and R7 10 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached complete a 5-6 member cyclic ring optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from 0, NH or N-alkyl; and wherein any of the foregoing alkyl or aryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by halo, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, or heteroaryloxy (such as 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl); (f) Z is COOR 7 ; (g) R7 is H, 15 pentafluorophenyl, or tetrazolyl; (h) R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently H, fluoro, or chloro; (i) R 4 is fluoro; (j) two of R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are fluoro; or (k) combinations of the above. In another preferred embodiment of Formula (I), R, is methyl, fluoro, chloro, or bromo. In a more preferred embodiment, the MEK inhibitor is selected from a 20 compound in Formula (I) Compound Table below. 4 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 FORMULA (1) COMPOUND TABLE (page 1 of 10) [4-Chloro-2-( 1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl)-amnine 5 (4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl)- [2-( 1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]amine [4-nitro-2-( 1H-tetrazol-5-yI)-phenyl-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl)-amine 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methylphenylamino)benzoic acid 3 ,4,5-Trifluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 10 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid Sodium 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoate 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid 15 4-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 2,3 ,5-Trifluoro-4-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 20 2-(4-Iodo-phenylamino)-5 -methoxy-benzoic acid 5-Methyl-2-(4-.iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-nitro-benzoic acid 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-4-fluoro-benzoic acid 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5 -nitro-benzoic acid 25 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-benz'oic acid 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-benzamide N-Ethyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 30 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-( 1 H-tetrazol-.5-yl)-benzamide 5 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 FORMULA (1) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 2 of 10) 5 -Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N,N-dimethyl-benzamide [5 -Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoylamino] -acetic acid 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-propyl-benzamide 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 10 N,N-Diethyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-N-({3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- 1-yl]-propyl }-2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide N,N-Diethyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide N-Butyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 15 5-Chloro-N,N-diethyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-benzamide 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamnide N-(2,3-Dihydroxy-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 20 benzamnide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- 1 yl-ethyl)-benzamide 3 ,4-Difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide 25 N-(2,3 -Dihydroxy-propyl)-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide 3 ,4-Difluoro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide 5 .Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- 1 30 yl-ethyl)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(2-pyridin-4-yl ethyl)-benzamide 6 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (1) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 3 of 10) 4-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-belzamide 5 5-Bromo-N-(3 -dimethylamino-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo 2-methylphenylamino)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4 yl-ethyl)-benzamide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl) 10 benzamnide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- 1-yl-ethyl) benzamnide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl) benzamnide 15 N-(3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2 -methyl phenylamino)-benzamide N-Benzyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) benzamnide 20 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl) benzamnide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3 -piperidin- 1-yl-propyl) benzamnide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3-piperidin- 1 -yl-propyl) 25 benzamnide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-thiophen-2-yl-ethyl) benzamnide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl-ethyl) benzamnide 30 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl ethyl)-benzamnide 7 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (I) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 4 of 10) 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4 5 ylmethyl-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl benzamide 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-dimethylamino- propyl) -3,4-difluoro-benzamide 10 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-enzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl) benzamide 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl) benzamide 15 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl) benzamide 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-pyrrolidin- 1-yl ethyl)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-phenethyl-benzamide 20 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-thiophen-2-yl ethyl)- benzamide 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl benzamide 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-phenethyl-benzamide 25 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-piperidin- 1-yl ethyl)- benzamide 5-Chloro-N-{3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propyl}-2-(4-iodo-2 methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 5-Fluoro-N-{3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propyl}-2-(4-iodo-2 30 methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-pyridin-4-yl methyl-benzamide 8 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (I) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 5 of 10) 5-Bromo-N-{ 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propyl}-2-(4-iodo-2 5 methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 5-Chloro-N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- 1 -yl-ethyl) benzamide (3 -Hydroxy-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-[5-nitro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl} 10 methanone 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl-ethyl) benzamide 5-Bromo-N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 15 N- {2- [Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl }-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)- benzamide N- {2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl }-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)- benzamide N-{3-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propyl}-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl 20 phenylamino)- benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl benzamide 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-ethyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethyl) benzamide 25 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- 1 -yl-ethyl) benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl-ethyl) benzamide 5-Chloro-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 30 benzamide N- {2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino] -ethyl } -5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)- benzamide 9 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 FORMULA (I) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 6 of 10) 5-Chloro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 5 benzamide 5-Chloro-N-(3-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)- benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- 1 -yl-ethyl) benzamide 10 5-Bromo-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3 -piperidin- 1 -yl-propyl) benzamide N- {2- [Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl} -2-(4-iodo-2-methyl 15 phenylamino)-5-nitro- benzamide 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl) benzamide 5-Chloro-N-(3-diethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 20 5-Chloro-N-(2-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propyl) benzamide 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(2-piperidin- 1 -yl-ethyl) 25 benzamide 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperazin- 1 -yl-ethyl) benzamide N-(2-Diethylamino-ethyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 30 5-Bromo-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide N-(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide 10 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (1) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 7 of 10) 5-Fluoro-N-(3 -hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino) 5 benzamide N-(3-Diethylamino-propyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide N-(3 -Diethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro benzamnide 10 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl) benzamide 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(3-piperidin- 1 -yl-propyl) benzamide [5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-phenyl] -(2 or 3 -hydroxy 15 pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-methanone 5-Bromo-N-(2-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl) benzamnide 20 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3 -piperidin- 1-yl-propyl) benzamnide [5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl] -4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) piperazin- 1 -yl)-methanone N-(3-Diethylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl 25 phenylamnino)- benzamide N-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 5-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 30 N-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide N-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamnide WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 FORMULA (1) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 8 of 10) 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) 5 benzamnide 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino) benzamide N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamnide N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-ethyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamnide 10 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-5-nitro-N-phenyl-benzamide 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide N-Allyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzainide N-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 15 5 -Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) benzamide N-Allyl-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 20 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) benzamnide 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) benzamnide 25 N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide 2-(4.-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(4-sulfamnoyl-benzyl) benzamnide N-Allyl-.5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl) 30 benzamnide N-Cyclopropyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide 12 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (I) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 9 of 10) 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide 5 N-Benzyloxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide N-Cyclohexyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide N-Allyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl)-benzamide 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl)-5-nitro-benzamide 10 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide N-Cyclohexyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-N-cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl) benzamide 15 5-Bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl) benzamide N-Cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide N-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 20 N-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 25 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-5-nitro-N-phenyl-benzamide 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide N-Allyl-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 30 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide 13 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (I) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 10 of 10) N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide 5 5-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide N-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) benzamide 10 N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide N-Allyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide N-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide N-Allyl-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) 15 benzamide N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzyl alcohol [5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl] -methanol [2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-phenyl] -methanol 20 [5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl]-methanol N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide. In another preferred embodiment, the MEK inhibitor is a compound 25 of Formula II ~6a Ria j2a C-N-O-R 7 a la N I I R5a Br or I R3a R4a In Formula (II), Ria is hydrogen, hydroxy, Cl-C 8 alkyl, Cl-C 8 alkoxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, or CN. R2a is hydrogen. Each of R3a, R4a, and R5a is 14 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl,
CI-C
8 alkyl, CI-C 8 alkoxy, nitro, CN, and (0 or NH)m-(CH2)n-R9a. R9a is hydrogen, hydroxy, CO 2 H or NR 1 0aR~la; n is 0-4; and m is 0 or 1. Each of R1Oa and R11 a is independently hydrogen or CI-C 8 alkyl, or taken together with 5 the nitrogen to which they are attached can complete a 3- to 10-member cyclic ring optionally containing one, two, or three additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N-(CI-C 8 alkyl). R6a is hydrogen, Cl-C 8 alkyl, (CO)-(C 1
-C
8 alkyl), aryl, aralkyl, or C 3
-C
10 cycloalkyl. R7a is hydrogen, CI-C 8 alkyl,
C
2
-C
8 alkenyl, C 2
-C
8 alkynyl, C 3
-C
10 (cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl optionally 10 containing a heteroatom selected from 0, S, or NR9a). In Formula (II), any of the foregoing alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and alkynyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by halo, hydroxy, C 1
-C
6 alkoxy, amino, nitro, C I-C 4 alkylamino, di(CI-C 4 )alkylamino, C 3
-C
6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, C 3
-C
5 heteroaryl or heterocyclic radical, or C 3
-C
5 heteroaryloxy or heterocyclic radical 15 oxy; or R6a and R7a taken together with the N to which they are attached can complete a 5- to 10-membered cyclic ring, optionally containing one, two, or three additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, or NR1OaR1 1a. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides or prodrugs of each of the disclosed compounds. 20 Preferred embodiments of Formula (II) are those structures wherein: (a) Ria is H, methyl, fluoro, or chloro; (b) R2a is H; R3a, R4a, and R5a are each H, Cl, nitro, or F; (c) R 6 a is H; (d) R 7 a is methyl, ethyl, 2-propenyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl methyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or cyclopropylethyl; (e) the 4' position is I, rather than Br; (f) R 4 a is F at the 4 25 position, para to the CO-N-R 6 a-OR 7 a group and meta to the bridging nitrogen; (f) R 3 a or R 5 a is F; (g) at least one of R 3 a, R 4 a, and R 5 a is F; (h) Ria is methyl or chloro; or (i) or a combination of the above. In a more preferred embodiment the MEK inhibitor is a compound selected from Formula (II) Compound Table below. 15 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 FORMULA (II) COMPOUND TABLE (page 1 of 7) 5 4-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(methoxy)-benzamnide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-phenoxyethoxy)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-thienylmethoxy)-benzamide 10 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop-2-enyloxy)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopentoxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-furylmethoxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy-benzamide 15 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but-2-enyloxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy) benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(1 -methylprop-2-ynyloxy) benzamide 20 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyloxy) benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-5-phenylpent-2-en 4-ynyloxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 25 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(propoxy)-benzamide 16 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (II) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 2 of 7) 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(cyclobutyloxy)-benzamnide 5 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-thienylmethoxy)-benzamide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-methyl-prop-2-enyloxy) benzamide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(2-phenoxyethoxy)-benzamide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but-2-enyloxy)-benzamnide 10 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(but-3-ynyloxy)-benzamide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopentyloxy)-benzamide 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3-(2-fluorophenyl)-prop 2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 15 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(n-propoxy) benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(furan-3 -ylmethoxy)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 5-Bromo-N-(but-2-enyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 20 benzamnide 5-Bromo-N-butoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3 -methyl-but 2-enyloxy)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-pent-2-en 25 4-ynyloxy)-benzamide 17 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 FORMULA (II) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 3 of 7) 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-benzyl)-N-[5-(3 -methoxy-phenyl) 5 3-methyl-pent-2-en-4-ynyloxy] -benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop-2-ynyloxy) benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-[3-(3-methoxy phenyl)-prop-2-ynyloxy]-benzamide 10 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(thiopen 2-ylmethoxy)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(pyridin 3-ylmethoxy)-benzamnide 5-Bromo-3-4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3 -(2-fluorophenyl) 15 prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamnide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(ethoxy)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (cyclopropylmethoxy)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(isopropoxy) 20 benzamnide 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-but-3-ynyloxy) benzamnide 5-Chloro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-.methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy) 25 benzamnide 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methoxy-benzamide 4-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-phenylmethoxy-benzamide 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-phenylmethoxy-benzamide 5-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 30 5-Jo do-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-phenylmethoxy-benzamide 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy) benzamnide 18 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (II) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 4 of 7) 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyloxy) 5 benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-furylmethoxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-thienylmethoxy) benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but-3-ynyloxy)-benzamide 10 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-methyl-prop- 2 -enyloxy) benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but-2-enyloxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(methoxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(ethoxy)-benzamide 15 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclobutoxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(isopropoxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-phenoxyethoxy) benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy) 20 benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(n-propoxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(1-methyl-prop-2-ynyloxy) benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-(3-fluorophenyl)-prop 25 2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4,4-dimethylpent 2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 19 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (II) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 5 of 7) 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopentoxy)-benzamnide 5 3,4,5-Trifluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide 5-Chloro-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-benzamide N-Hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-nitro-benzamide 3,4,5-Trifluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamnino)-N-hydroxy-benzamide 10 5-Chloro-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-benzamide 5-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 2-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3,4,5-trifluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 5-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)- 3 ,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 15 5-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)- 3 ,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3,4,5-trifluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-chloro-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide 20 4-Fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-benzamide 3,4-Difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-benzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-4-fluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-4-fluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 25 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide 20 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 FORMULA (II) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 6 of 7) N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4,5-trifluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 5 benzamnide 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino) benzamnide 10 N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methy-phelamilo)-4-flitro-beflzamide N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4,5-trifluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino) benzamnide 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino) benzamnide 15 5-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro benzamide N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phelamilo)-4-flitro-beflzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4,5-tfluoro benzamnide 20 5-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro benzamnide 5-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-benzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy-4-nitro-belzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4,5-trifluoro 25 benzamnide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro benzamnide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-litro-belzamfide 30 21 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 FORMULA (II) COMPOUND TABLE (continued, page 7 of 7) N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzamide 5 N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluoro-benzamide 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluoro-benzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro 10 benzamide. In the most preferred embodiment of this invention, a compound selected 15 from the following is administered to a patient (ie, a mammal) in an amount that is effective to prevent or treat rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD184352); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide (PD 170611); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N 20 hydroxy-3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD171984); 2-(2-Methyl 4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD177168); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclobutylmethoxy 3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD 180841); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino) N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD 184161); 25 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD184386); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclobutylmethoxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 185625); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide (PD 185848); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N hydroxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 188563); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino) 30 N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4,5-trifluorobenzamide (PD 198306); and 2-(2-Chloro 4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluorobenzamide (PD 203311); and the benzoic acid derivatives thereof. For example, the benzoic acid derivative of PD 198306 is 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid. 22 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Additional preferred compounds include 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-5 chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy -3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 297189), 2-(4 iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-5-chloro- 3 ,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 297190), 2-(4-iodophenylamino)-5-chloro-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (PD 296771), 5 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-5-chloro-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (PD 296770), 5-chloro-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methylphenylamino)-benzoic acid (PD 296767); and 5-chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy -3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2 methylphenylamino)-benzamide (PD 298127). The invention further provides methods of synthesis and synthetic 10 intermediates as disclosed below. Other features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed description, examples, and claims set forth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 15 This invention provides a method of preventing or treating viral infections in a patient which comprises administering to a patient suffering from a viral infection and in need of treatment, or to a patient at risk for developing a viral disease, an antiviral effective amount of a MEK inhibitor. The invention provides 20 a method of preventing and treating all forms of viral disease, and relieving the symptoms and degeneration that accompany the disease. The invention is preferably directed to treatment of HIV infections, and is preferably practiced by administering a phenyl amine MEK inhibitor of Formula I or Formula II. Preferably, such MEK phenyl amine compounds are selective MEK 1 and MEK 2 25 inhibitors. These MEK inhibitors are described in WO 98/37881, which is incorporated herein by reference. The mammals to be treated according to this invention are patients who have developed a viral disease and are suffering from the symptoms associated with disease, or who are at risk for developing a viral infection, for example, 30 having a life style that subjects the patient to substantial risk of contacting a viral disease. Those skilled in the medical art are readily able to identify individual patients, particularly children and young adults who are afflicted with viral infections, as well as those who are susceptible to developing disease which is 23 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 caused by a virus. The compounds of the present invention, which can be used to treat septic shock, are MEK inhibitors. A MEK inhibitor is a compound that shows MEK inhibition when tested in the assays titled "Enzyme Assays" in United States 5 Patent Number 5,525,625, column 6, beginning at line 35. The complete disclosure of United States Patent Number 5,525,625 is hereby incorporated by reference. An example of a MEK inhibitor is 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl) 4-oxo-4H-[1]benzopyran. Specifically, a compound is a MEK inhibitor if a compound shows activity in the assay titled "Cascade Assay for Inhibitors of the 10 MAP Kinase Pathway," column 6, line 36 to column 7, line 4 of the United States Patent Number 5,525,625 and/or shows activity in the assay titled "In Vitro MEK Assay" at column 7, lines 4 to 27 of the above-referenced patent. A. Terms 15 Some of the terms used herein are defined below and by their usage throughout this disclosure. The term "patient" means all animals including humans. Examples of patients include humans, cows, dogs, cats, goats, sheep, horses, and pigs. As used herein, the term "aryl" means a cyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic 20 aromatic ring moiety having from five to twelve carbon atoms. Examples of typical aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, and fluorenyl. The aryl may be substituted by one, two, or three groups selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, nitro, amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino. Typical substituted aryl groups include 3-fluorophenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 25 4-nitronaphthyl, 2-methyl-4-chloro-7-aminofluorenyl, and the like. The term "aryloxy" means an aryl group bonded through an oxygen atom, for example phenoxy, 3-bromophenoxy, naphthyloxy, and 4-methyl 1 -fluorenyloxy. "Heteroaryl" means a cyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic aromatic ring moiety 30 having from four to eleven carbon atoms and one, two, or three heteroatoms selected from 0, S, or N. Examples include furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, xanthenyl, pyronyl, indolyl, pyrimidyl, naphthyridyl, pyridyl, benzinnidazolyl, and triazinyl. The heteroaryl groups can be 24 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 unsubstituted or substituted by one, two, or three groups selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, nitro, amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino. Examples of substituted heteroaryl groups include chloropyranyl, methylthienyl, fluoropyridyl, amino-1,4-benzisoxazinyl, nitroisoquinolinyl, and 5 hydroxyindolyl. The heteroaryl groups can be bonded through oxygen to make heteroaryloxy groups, for example thienyloxy, isothiazolyloxy, benzofuranyloxy, pyridyloxy, and 4-methylisoquinolinyloxy. The term "alkyl" means straight and branched chain aliphatic groups. 10 Typical alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert.-butyl, 2,3-dimethylhexyl, and 1,1-dimethylpentyl. The alkyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, or heteroaryloxy, as those terms are defined herein. Typical substituted alkyl groups include chloromethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 15 2-dimethylaminobutyl, and 2-(hydroxymethylamino)ethyl. Examples of aryl and aryloxy substituted alkyl groups include phenylmethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-chlorophenylmethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(2-nitrophenoxy)butyl, and 3,4,5-trifluoronaphthylmethyl. Examples of alkyl groups substituted by a heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group include thienylmethyl, 2-furylethyl, 20 6-furyloxyoctyl, 4-methylquinolyloxymethyl, and 6-isothiazolylhexyl. Cycloalkyl substituted alkyl groups include cyclopropylmethyl, 2-cyclohexyethyl, piperidyl 2-methyl, 2-(piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl, 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl. "Alkenyl" means a straight or branched carbon chain having one or more double bonds. Examples include but-2-enyl, 2-methyl-prop-2-enyl, 1,1 -dimethyl 25 hex-4-enyl, 3-ethyl-4-methyl-pent-2-enyl, and 3-isopropyl-pent-4-enyl. The alkenyl groups can be substituted with halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, or heteroyloxy, for example 2-bromoethenyl, 3-hydroxy-2-butenyl, 1-aminoethenyl, 3-phenylprop-2-enyl, 6-thienyl-hex-2-enyl, 2-furyloxy-but-2-enyl, and 4-naphthyloxy-hex-2-enyl. 30 "Alkynyl" means a straight or branched carbon chain having at least one triple bond. Typical alkynyl groups include prop-2-ynyl, 2-methyl-hex-5-ynyl, 3,4-dimethyl-hex-5-ynyl, and 2-ethyl-but-3-ynyl. The alkynyl groups can be substituted as the alkyl and alkenyl groups, for example, by aryl, aryloxy, 25 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 heteroaryl, or heteroaryloxy, for example 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-but-3-ynyl, 3-methyl-5-thienylpent-4-ynyl, 3-phenoxy-hex-4-ynyl, and 2-furyloxy-3-methyl hex-4-ynyl. The alkenyl and alkynyl groups can have one or more double bonds or 5 triple bonds, respectively, or a combination of double and triple bonds. For example, typical groups having both double and triple bonds include hex-2-en 4-ynyl, 3-methyl-5-phenylpent-2-en-4-ynyl, and 3-thienyloxy-hex-3-en-5-ynyl. The term "cycloalkyl" means a nonaromatic ring or fused rings. Examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenyl, cyclooctyl, bicycloheptyl, adamantyl, 10 and cyclohexyl. The ring can optionally contain one, two, or three heteroatoms selected from 0, S, or N. Such groups include tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyrrolyl, octahydrobenzofuranyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, octahydroindolyl, and octahydrobenzothiofuranyl. The cycloalkyl groups can be substituted with the same substituents as an alkyl and alkenyl groups, for example, 15 halo, hydroxy, aryl, and heteroaryloxy. Examples include 3-hydroxycyclohexyl, 2-aminocyclopropyl, 2-phenylpyrrolidinyl, and 3-thienylmorpholine-1-yl. Selective MEK 1 or MEK 2 inhibitors are those compounds which inhibit the MEK 1 or MEK 2 enzymes, respectively, without substantially inhibiting other enzymes such as MKK3, PKC, Cdk2A, phosphorylase kinase, EGF, and 20 PDGF receptor kinases, and C-src. In general, a selective MEK 1 or MEK 2 inhibitor has an IC 50 for MEK 1 or MEK 2 that is at least one-fiftieth (1/50) that of its IC 50 for one of the above-named other enzymes. Preferably, a selective inhibitor has an IC 50 that is at least 1/100, more preferably 1/500, and even more preferably 1/1000, 1/5000, or less than that of its IC 50 or one or more of the above 25 name enzymes. 26 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 B. Administration and Formulation The MEK inhibitors of the present method are administered to a patient as part of a pharmaceutically acceptable composition. The compositions can be 5 administered to humans and animals either orally, rectally, parenterally (intravenously, intramuscularly,or subcutaneously), intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, intravesically, locally (powders, ointments, or drops), or as a buccal or nasal spray. Compositions suitable for parenteral injection may comprise 10 physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents, or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, glycerol, and the like), suitable mixtures 15 thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil), and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions and by the use of surfactants. These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preserving, 20 wetting, emulsifying, and dispensing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought 25 about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin. Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is admixed with at least one inert customary excipient (or carrier) such as sodium 30 citrate or dicalcium phosphate or (a) fillers or extenders, as for example, starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, (b) binders, as for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alignates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and 27 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 acacia, (c) humectants, as for example, glycerol, (d) disintegrating agents, as for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain complex silicates, and sodium carbonate, (e) solution retarders, as for example paraffin, (f) absorption accelerators, as for example, quaternary 5 ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents, as for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, (h) adsorbents, as for example, kaolin and bentonite, and (i) lubricants, as for example, talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, or mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. 10 Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethyleneglycols, and the like. Solid dosage forms such as tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells, such as enteric coatings and others well 15 known in the art. They may contain opacifying agents, and can also be of such composition that they release the active compound or compounds in a certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used are polymeric substances and waxes. The active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the 20 above-mentioned excipients. Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, 25 as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3-butyleneglycol, dimethylformamide, oils, in particular, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil, glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethyleneglycols, and fatty acid esters of sorbitan or mixtures of these 30 substances, and the like. Besides such inert diluents, the composition can also include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents. 28 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents, as for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances, and the like. 5 Compositions for rectal administrations are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of the present invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethyleneglycol, or a suppository wax, which are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at body temperature and therefore, melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the 10 active component. Dosage forms for topical administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, powders, sprays, and inhalants. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a physiologically acceptable carrier and any preservatives, buffers, or propellants as may be required. Ophthalamic 15 formulations, eye ointments, powders, and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. The compounds of the present method can be administered to a patient at dosage levels in the range of about 0.1 to about 1000 mg per day. For a normal human adult having a body weight of about 70 kg, a dosage in the range of about 20 0.01 to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per day is preferable. The specific dosage used, however, can vary. For example, the dosage can depend on a numbers of factors including the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the pharmacological activity of the compound being used. The determination of optimum dosages for a particular patient is well 25 known to those skilled in the art. The compounds of the present method can be administered as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides, or prodrugs. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides, and prodrugs" as used herein refers to those carboxylate salts, amino acid addition salts, esters, amides, and 30 prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the 29 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention. The term "salts" refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or by 5 separately reacting the purified compound in its free base form with a suitable organic or inorganic acid and isolating the salt thus formed. Representative salts include the hydrobromide, hydrochloride, sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate, acetate, oxalate, valerate, oleate, palmitate, stearate, laurate, borate, benzoate, lactate, phosphate, tosylate, citrate, maleate, fumarate, succinate, tartrate, naphthylate, 10 mesylate, glucoheptonate, lactiobionate and laurylsulphonate salts, and the like. These may include cations based on the alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, as well as nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, 15 dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. (See, for example, S.M. Berge, et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts," J Pharm. Sci., 1977;66:1-19 which is incorporated herein by reference.) Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic esters of the compounds of this invention include CI-C 6 alkyl esters wherein the alkyl group is 20 a straight or branched chain. Acceptable esters also include C 5
-C
7 cycloalkyl esters as well as arylalkyl esters such as, but not limited to benzyl. C 1
-C
4 alkyl esters are preferred. Esters of the compounds of the present invention may be prepared according to conventional methods. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic amides of the 25 compounds of this invention include amides derived from ammonia, primary
CI-C
6 alkyl amines and secondary C 1
-C
6 dialkyl amines wherein the alkyl groups are straight or branched chain. In the case of secondary amines the amine may also be in the form of a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen atom. Amides derived from ammonia, C 1
-C
3 alkyl primary amines and C 1
-C
2 30 dialkyl secondary amines are preferred. Amides of the compounds of the invention may be prepared according to conventional methods. The term "prodrug" refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed 30 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 in vivo to yield the parent compound of the above formula, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, "Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems," Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design ed. Edward B. 5 Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the compounds of the present method can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to 10 the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the present invention. Some of the compounds of the present method can exist in different stereoisometric forms by virtue of the presence of chiral centers. It is contemplated that all stereoisometric forms of the compounds as well as mixtures thereof, including racemic mixtures, form part of this invention. 15 C. Synthesis The examples presented below are intended to illustrate particular embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the specification, including the claims, in any way. After the priority date of the 20 present disclosure, related syntheses and MEK inhibition data were also published in WO 99/01421 and WO 99/01426, hereby incorporated by reference. The 2-(4-bromo and 4-iodo phenylamino)-benzoic acid derivatives of Formula I can be prepared from commercially available starting materials utilizing synthetic methodologies well-known to those skilled in organic chemistry. A 25 typical synthesis is carried out by reacting a 4-bromo or 4-iodo aniline with a benzoic acid having a leaving group at the 2-position to give a 2-(phenylamino) benzoic acid. This process is depicted in Scheme 1. 31 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Scheme 1 0 11 C-OH NH L + |R5 Br or I R3 R4 base O || C -OH N I - R5 Br or I BrorlR3 R4 where L is a leaving group, for example halo such as fluoro. The reaction of aniline and the benzoic acid derivative generally is 5 accomplished by mixing the benzoic acid with an equimolar quantity or excess of the aniline in an unreactive organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or toluene, in the presence of a base such as lithium diisopropylamide, n-butyl lithium, sodium hydride, triethylamine, and Hunig's base. The reaction generally is carried out at a temperature of about -78*C to about 100*C, and normally is complete within 10 about 2 hours to about 4 days. The product can be isolated by removing the solvent, for example by evaporation under reduced pressure, and further purified, if desired, by standard methods such as chromatography, crystallization, or distillation. The 2-(phenylamino)-benzoic acid (e.g., Formula I, where R 7 is hydrogen) 15 can be reacted with an organic or inorganic base such as pyridine, triethylamine, calcium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide to produce a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The free acids can also be reacted with an alcohol of the formula HOR 7 32 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 (where R 7 is other than hydrogen, for example methyl) to produce the corresponding ester. Reaction of the benzoic acid with an alcohol can be carried out in the presence of a coupling agent. Typical coupling reagents include 2-ethoxy- 1 -ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), 5 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), bromo-tris(pyrrolidino)- phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBrOP), and (benzotriazolyloxy) tripyrrolidino phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP). The phenylamino benzoic acid and alcohol derivative normally are mixed in approximately equimolar quantities in an unreactive organic solvent such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, 10 or xylene, and an equimolar quantity of the coupling reagent is added. A base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine can be added to act as an acid scavenger if desired. The coupling reaction generally is complete after about 10 minutes to 2 hours, and the product is readily isolated by removing the reaction solvent, for instance by evaporation under reduced pressure, and purifying the product by 15 standard methods such as chromatography or crystallizations from solvents such as acetone, diethyl ether, or ethanol. The benzamides of the invention, Formula I where Z is CONR 6
R
7 , are readily prepared by reacting the foregoing benzoic acids with an amine of the formula HNR 6
R
7 . The reaction is carried out by reacting approximately 20 equimolar quantities of the benzoic acid and amine in an unreactive organic solvent in the presence of a coupling reagent. Typical solvents are chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Typical coupling reagents include DCC, EEDQ, PyBrOP, and PyBOP. The reaction is generally complete after about 10 minutes to about 2 hours when carried out at a 25 temperature of about 0*C to about 60*C. The product amide is readily isolated by removing the reaction solvent, for instance by evaporation, and further purification can be accomplished by normal methods such as chromatography, crystallization, or distillation. The hydrazides (z = CONHNR 1 RI 1) are similarly prepared by coupling a benzoic acid with a hydrazine of the formula 30 H 2
HNR
10
RI
1 . 33 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 The benzyl alcohols of the invention, compounds of Formula I where Z is
CH
2
OR
6 and R 6 is hydrogen, are readily prepared by reduction of the corresponding benzoic acid according to the following Scheme 2. 5 Scheme 2 0 Il 2 C-OH R2 H 2 OH N reducing N Br or I Br or I Typical reducing agents commonly employed include borane in tetrahydrofuran. The reduction normally is carried out in an unreactive organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, and generally is complete within about 2 hours to about 24 hours 10 when conducted at a temperature of about 0*C to about 40*C. The following detailed examples illustrate specific compounds provided by this invention. EXAMPLE 1 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methylphenylamino)benzoic acid 15 To a stirring solution comprised of 3.16 g (0.0133 mol) of 2-amino-5 iodotoluene in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran at -78*C was added 10 mL (0.020 mol) of a 2.0 M lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran/heptane/ethenylbenzene (Aldrich) solution. The resulting green suspension was stirred vigorously for 15 minutes, after which time a solution of 1.00 g (0.00632 mol) of 20 2,4-difluorobenzoic acid in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added. The reaction temperature was allowed to increase slowly to room temperature, at which temperature it was stirred for 2 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated. Aqueous HCl (10%) was added to the concentrate, and the solution was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and then boiled 25 over a steambath to low volume and cooled to room temperature. The off-white 34 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 fibers were collected by vacuum filtration, rinsed with hexanes, and vacuum-oven dried. (76*C; ca. 10 mm of Hg) to afford 1.10 g (47%) of the desired material; mp 224-229.5*C; 1 H NMR (400 MHz; DMSO): 8 9.72 (s, 1H), 7.97 (dd, 1H, J = 7.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.70 5 (d, 1H, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.57 (dd, 1H, J = 8.4, 1.9 Hz), 7.17 (d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.61-6.53 (in, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (100 MHz; DMSO): 8 169.87, 167.60, 165.12, 150.17, 150.05, 139.83, 138.49, 136.07, 135.31, 135.20, 135.07, 125.60, 109.32, 105.09, 104.87, 99.72, 99.46, 89.43, 17.52; 19 F NMR (376 MHz; DMSO): 6 -104.00 to -104.07 (in); 10 IR (KBr) 1670 (C = 0 stretch) cm- 1 ; MS (CI) M+1 = 372. Analysis calculated for C 14 HIlFIN0 2 : C, 45.31; H, 2.99; N, 3.77. Found: C, 45.21; H, 2.77; N, 3.64. EXAMPLES 2-30 15 By following the general procedure of Example 1, the following benzoic acids and salts of Formula (I) were prepared. 35 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MP *C No. 2 3,4,5-Trifluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 206-210 benzoic acid 3 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic 240.5-244.5 acid 4 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 259.5-262 phenylamino)-benzoic acid 5 5-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 255-260 6 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 234-238 7 Sodium 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 310-320 DEC benzoate 8 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 239.5-240 9 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid 289-293 10 4-Fluoro-2-(3-fluoro-4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 233-235 benzoic acid 11 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid 264-267 12 2-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid 256-258 13 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-fluoro-benzoic 218.5-220 acid 14 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid 285-288 DEC 15 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro- 230-234 benzoic acid 16 3-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 218-221 17 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methoxy-phenylamino)- 230-233 benzoic acid 18 4-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 245-255 DEC 36 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Example Compound MP *C No. 19 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 218-223 20 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 243-46 21 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 241-245 22 2,3,5-Trifluoro-4-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 218-222 benzoic acid 23 4-Fluoro-2-(3-chloro-4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 248-252.5 benzoic acid 24 2-(4-Iodo-phenylamino)-5-methoxy-benzoic acid 208-211 25 3-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 232-233 26 2-Fluoro-6-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 179-182 27 4-Fluoro2-(2,3-dimethyl-4-iodo-2-methyl- 258-261 phenylamino)benzoic acid 28 5-Methyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic 209.5-211 acid 29 2-Chloro-6-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid 171-175 30 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-nitro-benzoic acid 251-263 EXAMPLE 31 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxvethvl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenvlamino)-benzamide To a stirring solution comprised of 0.1020 g (0.2632 mmol) of 5-chloro 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid, 0.1 mL (1.7 mmol) of 5 ethanolamine, and 0.05 mL (0.29 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 5 mL of a 1:1 (v/v) tetrahydrofuran-dichloromethane solution was added 0.15 g (0.29 mmol) of solid PyBOP powder directly. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude residue was partitioned between ether (50 mL) and 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid (50 mL). 10 The organic phase was washed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (50 mL), dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to afford a yellow-brown oil which was crystallized from hexanes-ether to afford 0.0831 g (73%) of a green-yellow powder; mp 120-121*C; 37 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 1 H NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): 6 9.11 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H, J = 1.4 Hz), 7.46-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.20 (dd, 1H, J = 8.9, 2.4 Hz), 7.00 (t, 2H, J = 9.6 Hz), 6.55 (broad t, 1H), 3.86 (t, 2H, J = 5.0 Hz), 3.61 (dd, 2H, J = 10.1, 5.5 Hz), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.56 (broad s, 1H); 5 IR (KBr) 3297 (0-H stretch), 1627 (C = 0 stretch) cm-1; MS (CI) M+1 = 431. Analysis calculated for C 16
H
1 6 C11N 2 0 2 : C, 44.62; H, 3.74; N, 6.50. Found: 44.63; H, 3.67; N, 6.30. 10 EXAMPLES 32-48 By following the general procedure of Example 31, the following benzamides were prepared by reacting the corresponding benzoic acid with the corresponding amine. Example Compound MP *C No. 32 4-Methoxy-N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-nitro- 153.5-156 benzamide 33 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 158 benzamide 34 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 102.5-104.5 methyl-benzamide 35 N-Ethyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 90-91 benzamide 36 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N,N- oil dimethyl-benzamide 37 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(I H- 285-288 DEC tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide 38 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 180-182 benzamide 39 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N,N- 137-138 dimethyl-benzamide 38 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Example Compound MP *C No. 40 [5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 170-173 benzoylamino]-acetic acid 41 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 69-71 propyl-benzamide 42 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 132-133.4 phenylamino)-benzamide 43 N,N-Diethyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- oil phenylamino)-benzamide 44 4-Fluoro-N-{3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 122-124 propyl}-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 45 N,N-Diethyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5- 91-93 nitro-benzamide 46 N-Butyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 97-99 benzamide 47 5-Chloro-N,N-diethyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 118-120 phenylamino)-benzamide 48 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N,N- 142.5-144 dimethyl-benzamide EXAMPLE 49 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzyl alcohol 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid (0.50 g, 1.35 mmol) was dissolved in 6 mL (6 mmol) of cold 1.0 M borane 5 tetrahydrofuran complex in tetrahydrofuran solution. The reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with 80 mL of methanol. Concentration in vacuo produced a clear tan oil which was purified by MPLC. Elution with dichloromethane afforded 0.4285 g (89%) of a white solid; mp 99-100.5*C; 10 1 H NMR (400 MHz; DMSO): 6 7.57 (d, 1H, J=1.7 Hz), 7.45 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.29 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.89 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.67-6.60 (m, 1H), 5.47 (t, 1H, J=5.5 Hz), 4.49 (d, 2H, 5.1 Hz), 2.14 (s, 3H); 39 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 IR (KBr) 3372 (0-H stretch) cm- 1 ; MS (CI) M+1 = 358. Analysis calculated for C 14
H
13 F1NO: C, 47.08; H, 3.67; N, 3.92. 5 Found: C, 47.17; H, 3.75; N, 3.72. EXAMPLE 50-52 The following benzyl alcohols were prepared by the general procedure of Example 49. Example No. Compound MP *C 50 [5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 82-85 phenyl]-methanol 51 [2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-phenyl]- 126.5-128.5 methanol 52 [5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 60.5-63.5 phenyl]-methanol Several invention compounds of Formula I were prepared utilizing 10 combinatorial synthetic techniques. The general procedure is as follows: To a 0.8-mL autosampler vial in a metal block was added 40 tL of a 0.5 M solution of the acid in DMF and 40 tL of the reagent amine (2 M solution in Hunig's base and 1 M in amine in DMF). A 0.5 M solution of PyBrop was freshly prepared and 50 piL were added to the autosampler vial. The reaction was 15 allowed to stand for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was transferred to a 2-dram vial and diluted with 2 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 3 mL of distilled water and the water layer washed again with 2 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were allowed to evaporate to dryness in an open fume hood. 20 The residue was taken up in 2 mL of 50% acetonitrile in water and injected on a semi-prep reversed phase column (10 mm x 25 cm, 5 ptM spherical silica, pore size 115 A derivatized with C- 18, the sample was eluted at 4.7 mL/min with 40 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 a linear ramp to 100% acetonitrile over 8.5 minutes. Elution with 100% acetonitrile continued for 8 minutes). Fractions were collected by monitoring at 214 nM. The residue was dissolved in chloroform and transferred to a preweighed vial, evaporated, and weighed again to determine the yield. 5 EXAMPLES 53-206 The following compounds of Formula I were prepared by combinatorial methodology: Example Compound MS No. M-H 53 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 510 phenylamino)-benzamide 54 N-(2,3-Dihydroxy-propyl)-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 462 phenylamino)-benzamide 55 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2- 577 piperidin- 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide 56 3,4-Difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 432 phenylamino)-benzamide 57 N-(2,3-Dihydroxy-propyl)-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 444 phenylamino)-benzamide 58 3,4-Difluoro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 446 phenylamino)-benzamide 59 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 564 (2-pyrrolidin- I -yl-ethyl)-benzamide 60 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 571 (2-pyridin-4-yI-ethyl)-benzamide 61 4-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 414 benzamide 41 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MS No. IM-H 62 5-Bromo-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 551 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 63 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phelylamilo)-N- 580 (2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide 64 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-pbenylamino)-N-(2-morpholil- 501 4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide 65 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrTolidil- 485 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide 66 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyridil-4-y- 493 ethyl)-benzamide 67 N-(3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 473 phenylamino)-benzamide 68 N-Benzyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamilo)-belzamide 460 69 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy- 384 ethyl)-benzamide 70 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholifl-4-yl- 483 ethyl)-benzamide 71 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-piperidil- Il-yl- 495 propyl)-benzamide 72 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-piperidifl- 513 1 -yl-propyl)-benzamide 73 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-pbenylamino)-N-(2-thiophefl-2-yl- 480 ethyl)-benzamide 74 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyTolidifl- I -yl- 467 ethyl)-benzamide 75 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-.phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-morpholin- 453 4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide 76 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 557 pyridin-4-ylmethyl-benzamide 77 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin- 479 4-ylmethyl-benzamide 78 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-dimethylanlino-propyl)- 425 3,4-difluoro-benzamide 42 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 79 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl- 461 benzamide 80 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyridin-4-yl- 475 ethyl)-benzamide 81 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-pyridin- 445 4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide 82 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(3-hydroxy- 400 propyl)-benzamide 83 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-pyrrolidin- 437 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide 84 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-phenethyl- 474 benzamide 85 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-thiophen- 450 2-yl-ethyl)-benzamide 86 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-pyridin- 431 4-ylmethyl-benzamide 87 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-phenethyl- 444 benzamide 88 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-piperidin- 451 1-yl-ethyl)-benzamide 89 5-Chloro-N- {3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- I -yI]-propyl} - 557* 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 90 5-Fluoro-N- {3 -[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-propyl}- 541* 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 91 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-pyridin-4-yl methyl- 487 benzamide 92 5-Bromo-N-{3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propyl}- 601* 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 93 5-Chloro-N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 486* phenylamino)- benzamide 43 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 94 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin-1-yl- 497* ethyl)-benzamide 95 (3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidin-I -yl)-[2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 466 5-nitro-phenyl]-methanone 96 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl- 484* ethyl)-benzamide 97 5-Bromo-N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 530* phenylamino)- benzamide 98 N-{2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl}-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo- 518* 2-methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 99 N-{2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl}-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo- 562* 2-methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 100 [5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl]-(3-hydroxy- 499 pyrrolidin- I -yl)-methanone 101 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid phenethyl 501 ester 102 N-{3-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propyl}-2-(4-iodo- 568* 2-methyl-phenylamino)- benzamide 103 [5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl]-(3-hydroxy- 455 pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-methanone 104 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl- 460 benzamide 105 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl- 528* ethyl)-benzamide 106 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin-l-yl- 542* ethyl)-benzamide 107 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- I-yl- 468* ethyl)-benzamide 108 5-Chloro-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 472* phenylamino)-benzamide 109 N- {2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl } -5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo- 502* 2-methyl- phenylamino)- benzamide 44 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 110 5-Chloro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 445* phenylamino)-benzamide 111 5-Chloro-N-(3-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo- 516* 2-methyl-phenylamino)- benzamide 112 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- 1-yl- 482* ethyl)-benzamide 113 5-Bromo-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 489* phenylamino)-benzamide 114 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-piperidin- 1-yl- 556* propyl)-benzamide 115 N- {2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl} -2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 529* phenylamino)-5-nitro- benzamide 116 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl- 500* ethyl)-benzamide 117 5-Chloro-N-(3-diethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 500* phenylamino)-benzamide 118 5-Chloro-N-(2-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 514* phenylamino)-benzamide 119 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-piperidin-1-yl- 512* propyl)-benzamide 120 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(2-piperidin-l-yl- 509* ethyl)-benzamide 121 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperazin-l-yl- 544* ethyl)-benzamide 122 N-(2-Diethylamino-ethyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 470* phenylamino)-benzamide 123 5-Bromo-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 516* phenylamino)-benzamide 124 N-(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro- 456* benzamide 45 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 125 5-Fluoro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 429* phenylamino)-benzamide 126 N-(3-Diethylamino-propyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 484* phenylamino)-benzamide 127 N-(3-Diethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 511* 5-nitro-benzamide 128 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl- 544* ethyl)-benzamide 129 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(3-piperidin-1-yl- 523* propyl)-benzamide 130 [5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl]-(3-hydroxy- 439 pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-methanone 131 5-Bromo-N-(2-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 558* phenylamino)-benzamide 132 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl- 484* ethyl)-benzamide 133 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-piperidin-1-yl- 496* propyl)-benzamide 134 [5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl]- 482 [4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- I -yl]-methanone 135 N-(3-Diethylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo- 500* 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 136 [5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoylamino]- 443 acetic acid 137 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl- 495* ethyl)-benzamide 138 N-(3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 483* 5-nitro-benzamide 139 N-(2-Diisopropylamino-ethyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 498* phenylamino)- benzamide 140 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-thiobenzoic acid S- 490 phenethyl ester 46 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 141 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-thiobenzoic acid S- 506 phenethyl ester 142 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-thiobenzoic acid S- 536 benzyl ester 143 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-thiobenzoic acid S- 503 benzyl ester 144 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-thiobenzoic acid S- 476 benzyl ester 145 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-thiobenzoic acid S- 492 benzyl ester 146 N-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 409 benzamide 147 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 429 benzamide 148 5-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 413 benzamide 149 N-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 475 benzamide 150 N-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 593* benzamide 151 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(4-sulfamoyl- 567 benzyl)-benzamide 152 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 473 benzamide 153 N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 521 benzamide 47 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 154 N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro- 440 benzamide 155 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-5-nitro-N-phenyl- 486 benzamide 156 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 425 benzamide 157 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2.-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl- 459 benzamide 158 N-Allyl-5-fluoro-2-(4.-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 409 159 N-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 583 benzamide 160 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl- 538 benzyl)-benzamide 161 N-Allyl-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-metbyl-pbenylamino)-benzamide 425 162 N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro- 436 benzamide 163 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 469 benzamide 164 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl- 475 benzamide 165 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl)- 646 benzamide 166 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-pbenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl- 598 benzyl)-benzamide 167 N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide 436 48 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Example Compound MIS No. M-H 168 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(4-sulfamoyl- 565 benzyl)-benzamide 169 N-AllyI-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 469 170 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-metbyl-benzyl)- 473 benzamide 171 N-Cyclopropyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 517 benzamide 172 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl- 519 benzamide 173 N-Benzyloxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5 -nitro- 502 benzamide 174 N-Cyclohexyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-pbenylamino)- 559 benzamide 175 N-Allyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-metbyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 517 176 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl)- 581 beuzamide 177 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl)-5-nitro- 500 benzamide 178 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl- 567 benzamide, 179 N-Cyclohexyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 451 benzamide 180 5-Chloro-N-cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 467 benzamide 181 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl)- 533 benzamide 182 5-Bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 511 benzamide 183 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl)- 489 benzamide 49 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 184 N-Cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro- 478 benzamide 185 N-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 538 benzamnine 186 N-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 477 benzamide, 187 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 431 benzamide 188 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-etbyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 475 benzamide 189 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-5-nitro-N-phenyl- 488 benzamide 190 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-metbyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl- 477 benzamide 191 N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 523 benzamide 192 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 425 benzamide 193 N-Allyl-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 427 194 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-metbyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl- 461 benzamide 195 N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro- 442 benzamide 196 5-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethy1)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 415 benzamide 197 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 472 benzamide 198 N-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 411 benzamide 199 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl- 540 benzyl)-benzamide 50 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound MS No. M-H 200 N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro- 438 benzamide 201 N-Allyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 411 202 N-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 585 benzamide 203 N-Allyl-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 472 204 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl- 601 benzyl)-benzamide 205 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl- 522 benzamide 206 N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide 438 *M+H EXAMPLE 207 Preparation of [4-Chloro-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-vl)-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl)-amine Step a: Preparation of 5-chloro-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde 5 To a solution of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzne (13.06 g, 0.1 mol) in THF (180 mL), at -78*C, LDA (2M solution in THF, 50 mL, 0.1 mol) was added drop wise. After stirring at -78*C for 1.5 hours, DMF (8 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and allowed to warm up to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and Et 2 O. The Et 2 O layer was dried 10 (MgSO 4 ) and the solvent removed in vacuum to give 14.95 g (94%) yield of crude aldehyde: IH NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6, 10.3 (s, -C(=)H). Step b: Preparation of 5-chloro-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime A solution of 5-chloro-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde (10 g, 0.0631 mol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (6.57 g, 0.0946 mol) and pyridine (8.3 mL, 15 0.1010 mol) in EtOH (100 mL) was heated at 75*C (oil bath temperature) for 1 hour and the solvent removed under vacuum to give an oil. The oil was 51 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 partitioned between water and CH 2 Cl 2 . The CH 2 Cl 2 layer was dried (MgSO4) and the solvent removed under vacuum to give crude aldoxime as a solid. The solid was purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography on silica. Elution with CH 2 Cl 2 gave 4.87 g (28%) of the aldoxime as white solid: mp 95-97*C; 5 Analysis calculated for C 7
H
5 NOFCl: C, 48.44; H, 2.90; N, 8.07. Found: C, 48.55; H, 2.69, N, 7.90. Step c: Preparation of 5-chloro-2-fluoro-benzonirile A solution of the 5-chloro-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime (3.15 g, 10 0.0182 mol) in acetic anhydride (150 mL) was refluxed for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (200 mL) solution. The mixture was extracted with Et 2 0. The Et 2 O layer was dried (K 2
CO
3 ) and the solvent removed to give the product as an oily solid. The product was used without further purification in the next step. 15 Step d: Preparation of 5-(5-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-tetrazole A mixture of 5-chloro-2-fluoro-benzonitrile (2.84 g, 0.01823 mol), butanol (15 mL), sodium azide (1.543 g, 0.0237 mol), acetic acid (1.36 mL, 0.0237 mol) was refluxed for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, additional 1.543 g sodium azide added, and the reaction mixture refluxed for 20 additional 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, Et 2 O (100 mL) and 10% aqueous NaOH (200 mL) were added sequentially. The mixture was vigorously stirred. The aqueous layer was separated, cooled with ice-methanol bath (-15*C) and acidified to pH 1 with conc. HCl. A gray solid precipitated. The solid was dried in vacuum at 50*C to give 1.76 g (49%) of 5-(5-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-1H 25 tetrazole: mp partial melt at 1 10 C, complete melting at 124*C); 1 H (400 Mz, CDC1 3 ): 8 8.19-8.08 (in, 1H), 7.77-7.71 (in, 1H), 7.61-7.52 (in, 1H); 1 3 C (100 Mz, CDCl 3 ): 8 159.00, 156.49, 140.88, 133.02, 132.93, 130.73, 129.23, 129.21, 129.08, 126.05, 118.96, 118.73, 114.50; MS (CI) M+1 = 199 (100), M = 198 (6). 52 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Step e: Preparation of [4-Chloro-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenl') amine To a solution of 2-methyl-4-iodoaniline (3.52 g, 0.0151 mol) in THF (25 mL) at -78*C, LDA (2 molar solution in THF, 11.33 mL, 0.02267 mol) was 5 added dropwise. After stirring for 0.5 hours, a solution of 1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2 fluoro-5-chlorobenzene (1.5 g, 0.00756 mol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 16 hours as it warmed up to room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous conc. NH 4 Cl solution and extracted with CH 2 C1 2 . The organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and 10 the solvent removed giving a crude product as an oil. The oil with CH 2 Cl 2 >CH 2
CI
2 :MeOH (9.7:0.3) gave 1.5 g (48%) of the desired product: mp 205-208*C; IH (400 Mz, DMSO): 8 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.99 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.05 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H); 13 C (100 Mz, CDCl 3 ): 8 141.87, 139.28, 138.88, 135.47, 133.71, 131.65, 128.15, 15 123.69, 121.94, 116.68, 87.79, 17.22; MS (CI) M+2 = 413 (44), M+1 = 412 (85), M = 411 (100). Analysis calculated for C 14 HI IN 5 CII-0.5H 2 0: C, 39.97; H, 2.87; N, 16.65. Found: C, 38.87, H, 2.77; N, 16.47. 20 The following tetrazole substituted phenylamines were prepared by following the general procedure of Example 207. EXAMPLE 208 (4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl)-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyllamine, mp 231*C (dec) EXAMPLE 209 25 [4-nitro-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl)-amine, mp 205-208*C. The 4-bromo and 4-iodo phenylamino benzhydroxamic acid derivatives of Formula II can be prepared from commercially available starting materials 53 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 utilizing synthetic methodologies well-known to those skilled in organic chemistry. A typical synthesis is carried out by reacting a 4-bromo or 4-iodo aniline with a benzoic acid having a leaving group at the 2-position to give a phenylamino benzoic acid, and then reacting the benzoic acid phenylamino 5 derivative with a hydroxylamine derivative (Scheme 3), where L is a leaving group, for example halo such as fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, or an activated hydroxy group such as a diethylphosphate, trimethylsilyloxy, p-nitrophenoxy, or phenylsulfonoxy. The reaction of aniline and the benzoic acid derivative generally is 10 accomplished by mixing the benzoic acid with an equimolar quantity or excess of the aniline in an unreactive organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, or toluene, in the presence of a base such as lithium diisopropylamide, n-butyl lithium, sodium hydride, and sodium amide. The reaction generally is carried out at a temperature of about -78*C to about 25*C, and normally is complete within about 2 hours to 15 about 4 days. The product can be isolated by removing the solvent, for example by evaporation under reduced pressure, and further purified, if desired, by standard methods such as chromatography, crystallization, or distillation. 54 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Scheme 3 0 2 a C-OH 1i N H L + I R5a Br or I R3a R4a base 0 R 2a C-OH RaN N R5a Br or I R3a R4a I 6a HN-O- R7a 16a Rla r2a C-N-0-
R
7 a N R5a Br or I R3a R4a The phenylamino benzoic acid next is reacted with a hydroxylamine derivative HNR6aOR7a in the presence of a peptide coupling reagent. 5 Hydroxylamine derivatives that can be employed include methoxylamine, N-ethyl-isopropoxy amine, and tetrahydro-oxazine. Typical coupling reagents include 2-ethoxy- 1 -ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), bromo-tris(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBrOP) and (benzotriazolyloxy)tripyrrolidino 55 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP). The phenylamino benzoic acid and hydroxylamino derivative normally are mixed in approximately equimolar quantities in an unreactive organic solvent such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, or xylene, and an equimolar quantity of the coupling 5 reagent is added. A base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine can be added to act as an acid scavenger if desired. The coupling reaction generally is complete after about 10 minutes to 2 hours, and the product is readily isolated by removing the reaction solvent, for instance by evaporation under reduced pressure, and purifying the product by standard methods such as chromatography or 10 crystallizations from solvents such as acetone, diethyl ether, or ethanol. An alternative method for making the invention compounds involves first converting a benzoic acid to a hydroxamic acid derivative, and then reacting the hydroxamic acid derivative with an aniline. This synthetic sequence is depicted in Scheme 4, where L is a leaving group. The general reaction conditions for both of 15 the steps in Scheme 4 are the same as those described above for Scheme 3. 56 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Scheme 4 0 0 f6a C-OH C-N-O-R 7 I6a L HN-O-
R
7 a L -R5a |R5a R3a R4a R3a R4a
NHR
2 Br or I 6 a Ria p2a C-N-0- R 7 a N R5a Br or I R3a R4a Yet another method for making invention compounds comprises reacting a phenylamino benzhydroxamic acid with an ester forming group as depicted in 5 Scheme 5, where L is a leaving group such as halo, and a base is triethylamine or diisopropylamine. 57 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Scheme 5 O R j(2a C-N-OH Ria N R5a + L - R 7 a Br or I R3a R4a base 06a Rl j2a C-N-0-R 7 a Ra N -R5a Br or I R3a R4a The synthesis of compounds of Formula (II) is further illustrated by the following detailed examples. 5 EXAMPLE la 4-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenvlamino)-benzamide (a) Preparation of 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid To a stirred solution containing 3.16 g (0.0133 mol) of 2-amino 5-iodotoluene in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran at -78*C was added 10 mL (0.020 mol) 10 of a 2.0 M lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran/heptane/ethylbenzene (Aldrich) solution. The resulting green suspension was stirred vigorously for 15 minutes, after which time a solution of 1.00 g (0.00632 mol) of 2,4-difluorobenzoic acid in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added. The reaction temperature was allowed to increase slowly to room temperature, at which 15 temperature the mixture was stirred for 2 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure. Aqueous HCl 58 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 (10%) was added to the concentrate, and the solution was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried (MgSO 4 ) and then concentrated over a steambath to low volume (10 mL) and cooled to room temperature. The off-white fibers which formed were collected by vacuum filtration, rinsed with 5 hexane, and dried in a vacuum-oven (76*C; ca. 10 mm of Hg) to afford 1.10 g (47%) of the desired material; mp 224-229.5*C; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 9.72 (s, 1H), 7.97 (dd, 1H, J=7.0, 8.7 Hz), 7.70 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.57 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz), 7.17 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.61-6.53 (in, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H); 10 13 C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO): 6 169.87, 166.36 (d, JC-F= 2 4 9
.
4 Hz), 150.11 (d,
JC-F=
1 1.
4 Hz), 139.83, 138.49, 136.07, 135.26 (d, JC-F= 1 1
.
5 Hz), 135.07, 125.60, 109.32, 104.98 (d, JC-F= 2 1.
1 Hz), 99.54 (d, JC-F= 2 6
.
0 Hz), 89.43, 17.52; 19 F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO): 8 -104.00 to -104.07 (m); IR (KBr) 1670 (C=O stretch)cm-1; 15 MS (CI) M+1 = 372. Analysis calculated for C 14 H1 1 FIN0 2 : C, 45.31; H, 2.99; N, 3.77. Found: C, 45.21; H, 2.77; N, 3.64. (b) Preparation of 4-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenvlamino) 20 benzamide To a stirred solution of 4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid (0.6495 g, 0.001750 mol), 0-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-hydroxylamine (0.2590 g, 0.002211 mol), and diisopropylethylamine (0.40 mL, 0.0023 mol) in 31 mL of an equivolume tetrahydrofuran-dichloromethane solution was added 25 1.18 g (0.00227 mol) of solid PyBOP ([benzotriazolyloxy]tripyrrolidino phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, Advanced ChemTech) directly. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes after which time it was concentrated in vacuo. The brown oil was treated with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The suspension was extracted with ether. The organic extraction was washed with 10% sodium 30 hydroxide followed by another 10% hydrochloric acid wash, was dried (MgSO 4 ) 59 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1.0 g of a light-brown foam. This intermediate was dissolved in 25 mL of ethanolic hydrogen chloride, and the solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a brown oil that was purified by flash silica 5 chromatography. Elution with a gradient (100 % dichloromethane to 0.6 % methanol in dichloromethane) afforded 0.2284 g of a light-brown viscous oil. Scratching with pentane-hexanes and drying under high vacuum afforded 0.1541 g (23%) of an off-white foam; mp 61-75*C; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 11.34 (s, 1H), 9.68 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 10 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.58 (dd, 1H, J=8.7, 6.8 Hz), 7.52 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz), 7.15 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.74 (dd, 1H, J=1 1.8, 2.4 Hz), 6.62 (ddd, 1H, J=8.4, 8.4, 2.7 Hz), 2.18 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO): 6 165.91, 164.36 (d, JC-F= 2 4 7
.
1 Hz), 146.78, 139.18, 138.77, 135.43, 132.64, 130.60 (d, JC-F= 1 1
.
5 Hz), 122.23, 112.52, 15 104.72 (d, J=22.1 Hz), 100.45 (d, JC-F= 2 5
.
2 Hz), 86.77, 17.03; 19 F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO): 8 -107.20 to -107.27 (m); IR (KBr) 3307 (broad, 0-H stretch), 1636 (C=O stretch) cm- 1 ; MS (CI) M+1 = 387. Analysis calculated for C 14
H
12
FIN
2 0 2 : 20 C, 43.54; H, 3.13; N, 7.25. Found: C, 43.62; H, 3.24; N, 6.98. EXAMPLE 2a 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenvlamino)-benzamide (a) Preparation of 5-Bromo-2,3,4-trifluorobenzoic acid 25 To a stirred solution comprised of 1-bromo-2,3,4-trifluorobenzene (Aldrich, 99%; 5.30 g, 0.0249 mol) in 95 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran cooled to -78*C was slowly added 12.5 mL of 2.0 M lithium diisopropylamide in heptane/tetrahydrofuran/ethylbenzene solution (Aldrich). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and transferred by canula into 700 mL of a stirred saturated ethereal 30 carbon dioxide solution cooled to -78*C. The cold bath was removed, and the 60 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 reaction mixture was stirred for 18 hours at ambient temperature. Dilute (10%) aqueous hydrochloric acid (ca. 500 mL) was poured into the reaction mixture, and the mixture was subsequently concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a crude solid. The solid product was partitioned between diethyl ether (150 mL) and aq. HCl 5 (330 mL, pH 0). The aqueous phase was extracted with a second portion (100 mL) of diethyl ether, and the combined ethereal extracts were washed with 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide (200 mL) and water (100 mL, pH 12). These combined alkaline aqueous extractions were acidified to pH 0 with concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resulting suspension was extracted with ether (2 x 10 200 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), concentrated in vacuo, and subjected to high vacuum until constant mass was achieved to afford 5.60 g (88% yield) of an off-white powder; mp 139-142.5'C; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 13.97 (broad s, 1H, 8.00-7.96 (m, 1H); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO): 8 162.96, 129.34, 118.47, 104.54 (d, 15 JC-F= 2 2
.
9 Hz); 19 F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO): 8 -120.20 to -120.31 (m), -131.75 to -131.86 (m), -154.95 to -155.07 (m); IR (KBr) 1696 (C=0 stretch)cm-1; MS (CI) M+1 = 255. 20 Analysis calculated for C 74
H
2 1 BrF 3 0 2 : C, 32.97; H, 0.79; N, 0.00; Br, 31.34; F, 22.35. Found: C, 33.18; H, 0.64; N, 0.01; Br, 30.14; F, 22.75. (b) Preparation of 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenvlamino) benzoic acid 25 To a stirred solution comprised of 1.88 g (0.00791 mol) of 2-amino 5-iodotoluene in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran at -78*C was added 6 mL (0.012 mol) of a 2.0 M lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran/heptane/ethylbenzene (Aldrich) solution. The resulting green suspension was stirred vigorously for 10 minutes, after which time a solution of 1.00 g (0.00392 mol) of 5-bromo 30 2,3,4-trifluorobenzoic acid in 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added. The cold bath 61 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 was subsequently removed, and the reaction mixture stirred for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, and the concentrate was treated with 100 mL of dilute (10%) aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resulting suspension was extracted with ether (2 x 150 mL), and the combined organic extractions were dried (MgSO 4 ) 5 and concentrated in vacuo to give an orange solid. The solid was triturated with boiling dichloromethane, cooled to ambient temperature, and collected by filtration. The solid was rinsed with dichloromethane, and dried in the vacuum oven (80*C) to afford 1.39 g (76%) of a yellow-green powder; mp 259.5-262*C; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 9.03 (s, 1H), 7.99 (dd, 1H, J=7.5, 1.9 Hz), 10 7.57 (dd, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz), 6.70 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 6.0 Hz), 2.24 (s, 3H); 19 F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO): 6 -123.40 to -123.47 (m); -139.00 to -139.14 (m); IR (KBr) 1667 (C=O stretch)cm- 1 ; MS (CI) M+1 = 469. 15 Analysis calculated for C 14
H
9 BrF 2
INO
2 : C, 35.93; H, 1.94; N, 2.99; Br, 17.07; F, 8.12; 1, 27.11. Found: C, 36.15; H, 1.91; N, 2.70; Br, 16.40; F, 8.46; I, 26.05. (c) Preparation of 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide 20 To a stirred solution comprised of 5-bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid (0.51 g, 0.0011 mol), 0-(tetrahydro-2H pyran-2-yl)-hydroxylamine (0.15 g, 0.0013 mol), and diisopropylethylamine (0.25 mL, 0.0014 mol) in 20 mL of an equivolume tetrahydrofuran dichloromethane solution was added 0.6794 g (0.001306 mol) of solid PyBOP 25 (Advanced ChemTech) directly. The reaction mixture was stirred at 24*C for 10 minutes, and then was concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The concentrate was suspended in 100 mL of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The suspension was extracted with 125 mL of diethyl ether. The ether layer was separated, washed with 75 mL of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide, and then with 100 mL of dilute 30 acid. The ether solution was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to afford 0.62 g (100%) of an off-white foam. The foam was dissolved in ca. 15 mL of 62 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 methanolic hydrogen chloride. After 5 minutes, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to an oil, and the oil was purified by flash silica chromatography. Elution with dichloromethane: dichloromethane-methanol (99:1) afforded 0.2233 g (42%) of a yellow powder. The powder was dissolved in diethyl ether and washed with 5 dilute hydrochloric acid. The organic phase was dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated in vacuo to afford 0.200 g of a foam. This product was triturated with pentane to afford 0.1525 g of a powder that was repurified by flash silica chromatography. Elution with dichloromethane afforded 0.0783 g (15%) of an analytically pure title compound, mp 80-90*C; 10 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 11.53 (s, 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 1H, J=7.0, 1.9 Hz), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.37 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz), 6.55 (dd, 1H, J=8.2, 6.5 Hz), 2.22 (s, 3H); 19 F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO): 6 -126.24 to -126.29 (m), -137.71 to -137.77 (m); IR (KBr) 3346 (broad, 0-H stretch), 1651 (C=O stretch)cm- 1 ; 15 MS (CI) M+1 = 484. Analysis calculated for C 1 4 H I OBrF 2 1N 2 0 2 : C, 34.81; H, 2.09; N, 5.80. Found: C, 34.53; H, 1.73; N, 5.52. Examples 3a to 12a in the table below were prepared by the general 20 procedure of Examples l a and 2a. EXAMPLES 13a-77a Examples 13a to 77a were prepared utilizing combinatorial synthetic methodology by reacting appropriately substituted phenylamino benzoic acids 25 (e.g., as shown in Scheme 1) and hydroxylamines (e.g., (NHR6a )-O-R7a). A general method is given below: To a 0.8-mL autosampler vial in a metal block was added 40 ptL of a 0.5 M solution of the acid in DMF and 40 ptL of the hydroxylamine (2 M solution 30 in Hunig's base and 1 M in amine in DMF). A 0.5 M solution of PyBrOP was 63 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 freshly prepared, and 50 pL were added to the autosampler vial. The reaction was allowed to stand for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was transferred to a 2-dram vial and diluted with 2 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 3 mL of distilled water 5 and the water layer washed again with 2 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were allowed to evaporate to dryness in an open fume hood. The residue was taken up in 2 mL of 50% acetonitrile in water and injected on a semi-prep reversed phase column (10 mm x 25 cm, 5 pM spherical silica, pore Size 115 A derivatized with C-18, the sample was eluted at 4.7 mL/min with 10 a linear ramp to 100% acetonitrile over 8.5 minutes. Elution with 100% acetonitrile continued for 8 minutes.) Fractions were collected by monitoring at 214 nM. The desired fractions were evaporated using a Zymark Turbovap. The product was dissolved in chloroform and transferred to a preweighed vial, evaporated, and weighed again to determine the yield. The structure was 15 confirmed by mass spectroscopy. 64 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 EXAMPLES 3a-77a Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 3a 2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-fluoro-N- 56-75 dec 523 hydroxy-benzamide 4a 5-Chloro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 65 dec phenylamino)-benzamide 5a 5-Chloro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 62-67 phenylamino)-N-methyl-benzamide 6a 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 105-108 (terahydropyran-2-yloxy)benzamide 7a 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 64-68 methoxybenzamide 8a 4-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-fluoro-2-methyl- 119-135 phenylamino)-benzamide 9a 4-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(2-methyl phenylamino)- 101-103 benzamide 10a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-fluor-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 142-146 (terahydropyran-2-yloxy)benzamide 1 la 4-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-cluoro-2-methyl- 133.5-135 phenylamino)-benzamide 65 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 12a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 107-109.5 phenylmethoxy-benzamide 13a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 399 methoxy-benzamide 14a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 417 N-methoxy-benzamide 15a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 369 3,4-difluoro-N-methoxy-benzamide 16a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy- 342* 3,4-difluoro-benzamide (M-EtO) 17a 5-Bromo-N-ethoxy-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 509 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 18a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 445 N-isopropoxy-benzamide 19a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 397 3,4-difluoro-N-isopropoxy-benzamide 20a 4-Fluoro-N-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)-2-(4-iodo- 465 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 66 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 21a 3,4-Difluoro-N-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)-2-(4-iodo- 483 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 22a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 435 3,4-difluoro-N-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)-benzamide 23a 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-N-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)- 561 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 24a 5-Bromo-N-(but-2-enyloxy)-3,4-difluoro- 536 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 25a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 423 (prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 26a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 441 N-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 27a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 455 N-(1 -methyl-prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 28a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 407 3,4-difluoro-N-(1 -methyl-prop-2-ynyloxy) benzamide 29a N-(But-3-ynyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 455 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 67 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 30a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but- 407 3-ynyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 31a 5-Bromo-N-(but-3-ynyloxy)-3,4-difluoro- 533 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 32a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 517 N-(3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 33a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl- 469 phenylamino)-N-(3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyloxy) benzamide 34a 3,4-Difluoro-N-[3-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-prop- 535 2-ynyloxy]-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 35a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 487 3,4-difluoro-N-[3-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-prop 2-ynyloxy]-benzamide 36a 3,4-Difluoro-N-[3-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-prop- 535 2-ynyloxy]-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide 37a 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-N-[3-(2-fluoro-phenyl)- 613 prop-2-ynyloxy]-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide 68 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 38a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 557* N-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-pent-2-en-4-ynyloxy)- *(M+H) benzamide 39a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 510 3,4-difluoro-N-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-pent-2-en 4-ynyloxy)-benzamide 40a N-Ethoxy-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 431 phenylamino)-benzamide 41a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy- 383 3,4-difluoro-benzamide 42a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 427 propoxy-benzamide 43a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 445 N-propoxy-benzamide 44a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 397 3,4-difluoro-N-propoxy-benzamide 45a 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 523 phenylamino)-N-propoxy-benzamide 46a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 427 isopropoxy-benzamide 69 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 47a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 445 N-isopropoxy-benzamide 48a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 397 3,4-difluoro-N-isopropoxy-benzamide 49a 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 523 phenylamino)-N-isopropoxy-benzamide 50a N-Cyclobutyloxy-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 457 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 51a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 409 cyclobutyloxy-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 52a N-Cyclopentyloxy-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 453 phenylamino)-benzamide 53a N-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 471 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 54a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 423 cyclopentyloxy-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 55a N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo- 439 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 56a N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 457 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 70 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point ("C) (M-H+) 57a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 409 cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 58a 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro- 435 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 59a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 505 (2-phenoxy-ethoxy)-benzamide 60a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 523 N-(2-phenoxy-ethoxy)-benzamide 61a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 475 3,4-difluoro-N-(2-phenoxy-ethoxy)-benzamide 62a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 481 (thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)-benzamide 63a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 499 N-(thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)-benzamide 64a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 451 3,4-difluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethoxy) benzamide 65a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 439 (2-methyl-allyloxy)-benzamide 71 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 66a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 457 N-(2-methyl-allyloxy)-benzamide 67a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 410 3,4-difluoro-N-(2-methyl-allyloxy)-benzamide 68a N-(But-2-enyloxy)-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl- 439 phenylamino)-benzamide 69a N-(But-2-enyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 457 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 70a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but- 410 2-enyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 71a 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)- 441 N-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide 72a N-(But-3-ynyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 455 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 73a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 449 (4,4-dimethyl-pent-2-ynyloxy)-3,4-difluoro benzamide 74a N-(But-2-enyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo- 457 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 72 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Example Compound Melting MS No. Point (*C) (M-H+) 75a 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but- 410 2-enyloxy)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 76a N-(3-tert-butyl-propyn-2-yl)oxy-4-fluoro- 479 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide 77a 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N- 577 phenylmethoxy-benzamide PHYSICAL DATA FOR SELECTED COMPOUNDS PD 0171984 5 mp 80-90 "C PD 0184161 mp 174-175 *C PD 0203311 mp 141-144 C 10 PD 0297189 mp 167-169 *C 'H-NMR (400 MHz; DMSO) 6 11.70 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 7.27 (d,1H, J=8.7 Hz), 6.46 (m, 1H), 3.42 (d, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 0.84 15 (m, 1H), 0.27 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H) 73 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 PD 0297190 mp 125.5-133 *C 5 'H-NMR (400 MHz; DMSO) 8 11.48 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.48 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 3.32 (d, 2H, J=6.8 Hz), 0.81 (m, 1H), 0.28 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H) PD 0296771 mp 266.7-268.9 *C 10 'H-NMR (400 MHz; DMSO) 8 13.85 (broad s, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H), 7.87 (dd, 1H, J=7.9, 2.1 Hz), 7.55 (d,2H, J=8.6 Hz), 6.82 (dd, 2H, J=8.7, 2.8 Hz) PD 0296770 mp 293.2-296.3 "C 15 1H-NMR (400 MHz; DMSO) 8 14.05 (broad s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 7.93 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 2.2 Hz), 7.82 (d,1H, J=1.9 Hz), 7.54 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 1.9 Hz), 6.82 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 6.7 Hz) PD 0296767 20 mp 249-251 "C 1 H-NMR (400 MHz; DMSO) 8 13.99 (broad s, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 7.90 (dd, 1H, J=7.9, 2.3 Hz), 7.58 (d,1H, J=1.6 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz), 6.69 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 6.0 Hz), 2.24 (s, 3H) 25 PD 298127 mp 127-135 *C 5-chloro-N-cyclopropyl methoxy-3,4-difluoro-2-[4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino]benzamide 30 1 H NMR (440 MHz; DMSO) 6 11.64 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.38 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.7 Hz), 7.31 (d, 1 H, J=1.2 Hz), 7.15 (dd, 1H, J=8.5, 1.7 Hz), 3.35 (d, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.01 (s, 3H), 0.83 (m, 1H), 0.28 (m,2H), 0.01 (m, 2H) 35 74 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS The ability of selective MEK inhibitors to prevent and treat viral infections in mammals has been established in standard assays designed to measure antiviral 5 utility. A typical screen to assess activity against herpesvirus (HSV) is called the "AVUS" screen. This screen is designed to identify compounds which inhibit HSV-I in phases of its life cycle from adsorption and penetration through late gene expression. The primary screen, AVUS 1, involves adding single compounds to a monolayer of Vero cells to a final concentration of 25 pg/mL, then infecting 10 the cells with a recombinant HSV-1, Us3::Tn5-lacZ. This virus contains an insertion of a lacZ gene driven by a viral late promoter in the US3 protein kinase gene of HSV-1. The infection is allowed to proceed for 20 hours, then the cells are lysed with a solution of Triton X- 100 and CPRG in "Z" buffer and assayed for p-galactosidase activity. The positive control used is solvent alone without test 15 compound, which corresponds to 0% inhibition, and the negative control used is either no virus added to the wells or 0.5% Triton X-100 added to the wells, which corresponds to 100% inhibition. Percent inhibition of viral growth is then calculated using the positive and the negative controls. Test compounds which cause at least an 80% inhibition in the 20 AVUS 1 assay are carried forward into a secondary screen, AVUS2, in which a titration of the compound from the frozen diluted stock of the AVUIS1 screen is assayed for inhibition of HSV-1 via the same p-galactosidase and toxicity via a 1-day XTT assay in the absence of virus. Those compounds which have good activities (<2 pg/mL), good therapeutic indices (>10-fold), and which are not 25 planar compounds are then carried forward into a tertiary screen termed AVUS3. In the AVUS3 assay, the test compound is dissolved in MeOH at 20 nM. A titration of the compound is then assayed in both the same p-galactosidase virus replication inhibition assay, and a 5-day XTT toxicity assay. Follow-up screens to this core set of AVUS screens include plaque reduction and yield reduction assays 30 with wild-type HSV-1 to verify antiviral activity, and time course of addition studies to begin to dissect a possible mechanism of action. 75 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 Several of the selective MEK inhibitors have been evaluated in assays to measure their ability to prevent and inhibit growth of human cytomegleovirus (HCMV) and herpesvirus (HSV-1). As discussed above, the toxicity of representative compounds has also been determined. Table 1 below presents the 5 results of such assays for several of the compounds described above. In the Table, the antiviral activity is presented as IC 5 0 (the concentration of test compound required to inhibit viral growth by 50%), and toxicity is reported as TC 5 0 (the concentration of test compound which killed 50% of the cells). Table 1 Selective MEK HCMV HSV-1 Inhibitor
IC
5 0
TC
5 0
IC
5 0
TC
5 0 98059a 17 M 50 gM >50 p.M >50 pM 170611b 2.2 pM 30 pM 6.9 pM 13 pM 177168C 0.8 pM 9 pM 3.0 pM 11 pM a 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-[1]benzopyran b 2-(2-methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide c 2-(2-methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro 5-bromobenzamide The selective MEK inhibitors have been evaluated in standard assays to 10 determine their ability to prevent and treat HIV infections. One of the assays used to determine the activity against the HIV virus is that employed by the US national Cancer Institute as described by Weislow et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1989; 81:577-586, incorporated herein by reference. Other assays commonly used include the MTT cell culture assays using CEM or MT2 cells. This assay involves 15 the conversion of the tetrazolium dye MTT to a colored formazan product by mitochondrial enzymes in metabolically active cells. These assays are routinely used by Southern Research Institute (SRI) in an established program for determining primary antiviral activity of compounds. These tests are fully described in US 5,484,926, incorporated herein by reference. 20 The Weislow et al procedure is described below. 76 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 The procedure is designed to detect agents acting at any stage of the virus reproductive cycle. The assay basically involves the killing of T4 lymphocytes by HIV. Small amounts of HIV are added to cells, and at least two complete cycles of virus reproduction are necessary to obtain the required cell killing. Agents which 5 interact with virions, cells, or virus gene-products to interfere with viral activities will protect cells from cytolysis. The system is automated in several features to accommodate large numbers of candidate agents, and is generally designed to detect anti-HIV activity. However, compounds which degenerate or are rapidly metabolized in the culture conditions may not show activity in this screen. 10 Another test system utilized to evaluate the invention compounds is called HIV H9 assay. The HIV H9 cell assay measures the inhibitor concentration required to suppress HIV- 1 virus replication. In this system, viral growth occurs through multiple rounds of the life-cycle. Any suppression of the replication kinetics results in a geometric decrease in virus production. As a result, this assay 15 is a sensitive means of measuring the ability of a compound to inhibit HIV- 1 viral replication. The H9 T-cell line is batch infected with HIV virus at an MOI of 0.01. After 2 hours absorption, the cells are washed, resuspended in RPMI-1640/10% fetal calf serum, and seeded at 5 x 10-3 cells/well of a 96-well plate. A duplicate 20 plate of uninfected H9 cells is prepared for the cytotoxicity assay. Drugs are serially diluted 1/3.16 in DMSO, transferred to media at a x8 concentration, and then added to the cultures in triplicate. The final DMSO concentration of 0.002 (0.2%). Viral production is measured by RT assay and cytotoxicity is measured by 25 XTT assay at 7 days post-infection. The RT assay is performed as a modification of Borroto-Esoda and Boone, J. Virol., 1991;65:1952-1959 and quantitated using a Molecular Dynamics Phosphoimager with Imagequant software. The XTT assay is performed as a modification of Roehm, et al., J. Immuno. Methods., 199 1;142:257-265 and quantitated using a molecular Devices Thermomax plate 30 reader with Softmax software. Data is electronically transferred to a Microsoft Excell spreadsheet for analysis. The RT assay values equivalent to 50% and 90% inhibition of virus 77 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 production are calculated from the untreated controls. The concentrations of inhibitor required to produce these values (IC 5 0 and IC 9 0 ) are interpolated from data points flanking these RT activities. The XTT assay values equivalent to 50% cytotoxicity are calculated from the untreated controls. The concentrations of 5 inhibitor required to produce this value are interpolated from data points flanking these XTT values. Yet another test system employed to determine antiviral activity is called the CEM cell assay. T4 lymphocytes (CEM cell line) are exposed to HIV at a virus to cell ratio 10 approximately 0.05, and plated along with noninfected control cells in 96-well microliter plates. Candidate agent is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (unless otherwise noted), then diluted 1:200 in cell culture medium. Further dilutions (half-log 1 0) are prepared before adding to an equal volume of medium containing either 15 infected or noninfected cells. Cultures are incubated at 370 in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere for 6 or 7 days. The tetrazolium salt, XTT, is added to all wells, and cultures are incubated to allow formazan color development by viable cells J. National Cancer Institute, 1989;81:577-586. Individual wells are analyzed spectrophotometrically to 20 quantitate formazan production, and in addition are viewed microscopically for detection of viable cells confirmation of protective activity. Drug-tested virus-infected cells are compared with drug-treated noninfected cells and with other appropriate controls (untreated infected and untreated noninfected cells, drug-contain wells without cells, etc.) on the same 25 plate. Data are reviewed in comparison with other tests done at the same time and a determination about activity is made. Table 2 below shows the anti-HIV activity of several selective MEK inhibitors. The Table presents EC 5 0 ( CEMss-HIV 1 Rf) and TC 50 values. 78 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 Table 2 FRC-26
EC
5 0
TC
5 0 * TC 5 0 ** 0177098 toxic 6.25 piM 18.5 pM 7.9 pM 0184161 toxic 6.25 pM 6.0 pM 8.5 pM 0185625 toxic 6.25 pM 16.7 pM 10.1 pM 0185848-0002 toxic 6.25 pM 18.3 pM 10.3 pM 0198306 toxic 6.25 pM 16.7 pM 10.2 pM 0203311 toxic 6.25 pM 19.5 pM 20 pM 0177168 0.18 pM*** 5.95 pM 4.9 pM 0180841 toxic 6.25 pM 6.0 pM 6.1 piM 0170611 toxic 6.25 pM 13.8 pM 7 pM 0098059 >200 RM >200 pM >100 pM AZT 0.005 pM >1 pM PD 178390 (PI control) 0.18 pM >100 JIM * By XTT ** Determined using the Amersham cytostar SPA assay for thymidine incorporation ** * To be retested Compound 177168 gave an excellent dose response with the rest being flat liners in regards to antiviral activity. Testing against Ba-L in macrophages is ongoing and data will be available in about 10 days. Several of the selective MEK inhibitors were further evaluated against 5 Ba-L in macrophages, and retested in CEM-XTT and macrophage XTT assays, as well as measuring HFF thymidine incorporation. The results are presented in below in Table 3. 79 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 A A C:) m- W ~ -- w ~ r- 0 A A A >H 0 4-1 0 - C> 0> - - -, -r -' -- 0 0 0 -D a,\ 110 Itt Cll4 C Cl w CD 08 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 The foregoing data establish that MEK inhibitors are active in both preventing a viral infection and in controlling or treating a disease caused by a viral infection. The compounds are therefore useful in the prophylaxis of diseases such as cold sores (caused by herpes simplex 1) and genital herpes, and also in 5 treating and alleviating the symptoms that accompany diseases caused by viruses during their active stage of infection. Typical viral infections to be prevented and treated according to this invention include HIV, Hepatitis B, papalomavirus, and reovirus. The compounds have little or no toxic effects, and accordingly are particularly well-suited for treating and controlling viral infections in children, 10 including AIDS, as well as adults. The compounds will be formulated for convenient oral or parenteral administration, including by aerosol delivery, transdermal delivery, or even suppositories, and will be administered in an antivirally effective dose, which is that amount that is effective to prevent and/or treat the particular virus and its severity for which treatment is needed or 15 otherwise desired. For example, the compounds will be formulated as a topical cream, or as oral capsules and administered form one to three times a day to an individual who is engaging in activities which may lead to a viral infection. Such activities include being exposed to large amounts of ultraviolet sun radiation, which often precipitates activation of herpes simplex 1, resulting in cold sores, 20 particularly in and around the mouth. The disclosed MEK inhibitors can also be used in combination with other clinically effective antiviral agents. Such combination therapy has been found particularly useful for treating patients suffering from HIV infections. Agents which will be commonly used in combination with the MEK inhibitors include 25 acyclovir, AZT (azidothymidine, zidovudine), ribavirin, vidarabine, ganciclovir, dideoxyinosine (ddI), and any of a number of protease inhibitors such as nelfinavir mesylate, and retroviral antigens such as remune (described in US 5,256,767, incorporated herein by reference). The Bal antiviral activities shown in Table 3 establish that several of the 30 MEK inhibitors have excellent antiviral efficacy. Particularly preferred compounds to be used to treat and prevent HIV infections are 2-(2-chloro 4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclobutylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 185625); 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluorobenzamide 81 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 (PD 203311); 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide (PD 185848); and 2-(2-methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4,5 rifluorobenzamide (PD 198306). These MEK inhibitors have excellent antiviral activity in the absence of cytotoxicity. 5 One aspect of the invention features a method for treating or preventing a viral infection, wherein said method includes administering a MEK inhibitor before a viral infection in the patient has been confirmed. The HIV BaL/Macro data in Table 3 was obtained by adding the MEK inhibitor following activation but before HIV infection. 10 D. Other Embodiments From the above disclosure and examples, and from the claims below, the essential features of the invention are readily apparent. The scope of the invention also encompasses various modifications and adaptations within the knowledge of 15 a person of ordinary skill. Examples include a disclosed compound modified by addition or removal of a protecting group, or an ester, pharmaceutical salt, hydrate, acid, or amide of a disclosed compound. Publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 20 82

Claims (11)

1. A method for preventing and treating viral infections in mammals, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal infected with a 5 virus and in need of treatment, or to a mammal at risk of developing a viral disease, an anti-viral effective amount of a MEK inhibitor.
2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the MEK inhibitor is 2-(2-amino
3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-[1 ]benzopyran. 3. A method for preventing and treating viral infections in mammals, said 10 method comprising the step of administering to a mammal infected with a virus and in need of treatment, or to a mammal at risk of developing a viral disease, an anti-viral effective amount of a phenyl amine compound of Formula I: Rr2 Z N I R5I Br or I 15 wherein: R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, Ci-C 8 alkyl, Cl-C 8 alkoxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, or CN; R 2 is hydrogen; R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 independently are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, 20 trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, nitro, CN, or -(0 or NH)m-(CH2)n-R9, where R 9 is hydrogen, hydroxy, COOH, orNRIoRII; n is 0-4; 83 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 m is 0 or 1; R 10 and R I independently are hydrogen or CI-C 8 alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached can complete a 3-10 member cyclic ring optionally containing 1, 2, or 5 3 additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N-C I-C 8 alkyl; Z is COOR 7 , tetrazolyl, CONR 6 R 7 , CONHNRIORI 1 , or CH 2 OR 7 ; R 6 and R 7 independently are hydrogen, CI-C 8 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, (CO)-C I-C 8 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, 10 C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, or C 3 -C 10 (cycloalkyl optionally containing 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N alkyl); or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached complete a 3-10 member cyclic ring optionally containing 1, 2, or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N alkyl; 15 and wherein any of the foregoing alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and alkynyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by halo, hydroxy, C I-C 6 alkoxy, amino, nitro, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(Ci -C 4 )alkylamino, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, C 3 -C 5 heteroaryl or heterocyclic radical, or C 3 -C 5 20 heteroaryloxy or heterocyclic radical-oxy; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula (I) has a structure wherein (a) R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, fluoro, chloro, or 25 bromo; (b) R 2 is hydrogen; (c) R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 independently are hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, methyl, methoxy, or nitro; (d) RIO and RI independently are hydrogen or methyl; (e) Z is COOR 7 , tetrazolyl, CONR 6 R 7 , CONHNRioRiI, or CH 2 OR 7 ; R 6 and R 7 independently are hydrogen, C 14 alkyl, heteroaryl, or C 3-5 cycloalkyl optionally containing 30 one or two heteroatoms selected from 0, S, or NH; or R 6 and R 7 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached complete a 5-6 member cyclic 84 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 ring optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from 0, NH or N-alkyl; and wherein any of the foregoing alkyl or aryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by halo, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, or heteroaryloxy; (f) Z is COOR7; (g) R 7 is H, pentafluorophenyl, or 5 tetrazolyl; (h) R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently H, fluoro, or chloro; (i) R4 is fluoro; (j) two of R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are fluoro; (k) or combinations of the above.
5. The method according to claim 3 wherein the phenyl amine is selected from: 10 [4-Chloro-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl) amine; (4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenyl)-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]amine; [4-Nitro-2-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenyl) amine; 15 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methylphenylamino)benzoic acid; 3,4,5-Trifluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 20 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; Sodium 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoate; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid; 4-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 25 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 2,3,5-Trifluoro-4-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 2-(4-Iodo-phenylamino)-5-methoxy-benzoic acid; 30 5-Methyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoic acid; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-nitro-benzoic acid; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-fluoro-benzoic acid; 85 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-3 ,4-difluoro-benzoic acid; 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-methyl-benzamide; N-Ethyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N,N-dimethyl benzamnide; 10 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-( 1H-tetrazol-5-yl) benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N,N-dimethyl benzamide; 15 [5 -Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzoylamino] -acetic acid; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-propyl-benzamide; 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 20 N,N-Diethyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 4-Fluoro-N-1{3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- l-yl] -propyl } 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; N,N-Diethyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide; 25 N-Butyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N,N-diethyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N,N-dimethyl benzamnide; 30 5 -Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamnide; N-(2,3-Dihydroxy-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 86 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99./30484 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N (2-piperidin- 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 5 N-(2,3 -Dihydroxy-propyl)-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamnide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N 10 (2-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 4-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 15 5-Bromo-N-(3-dimethylamnino-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin 20 4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyridin-4-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 25 N-(3 -Dimethylamnino-propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; N-Benzyl-4-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-hydroxy ethyl)-benzamide; 30 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl ethyl)-benzamnide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3 -piperidin- I -yl propyl)-benzamnide; 87 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3-piperidin 1 -yl-propyl)-benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(2-thiophen-2-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 5 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- Il-yI ethyl)-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-morpholin 4-yl-ethyl)-benzamnide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N 10 pyridin-4-ylmethyl-benzamide; 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-pyridin 4-ylmethyl-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-dimethylamino propyl)-3 ,4-difluoro-benzamnide; 15 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyridin-4-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-pyridin 20 4-yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(3-hydroxy propyl)-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3,4-difluoro-N-(2-pyrrolidin 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 25 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-phenethyl benzamnide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-thiophen 2-yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-pyridin 30 4-ylmethyl-benzamide; 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-phenethyl benzamnide; 88 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/.30484 2-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(2-piperidin 1 -yl-ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N- f 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- Il-yl] -propyl } 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 5 5-Fluoro-N- f 3 -[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- Il-yl] -propyl } 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-pyridin-4-yI methyl benzamide; 5-Bromo-N-(3 -[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- 1-yl] -propyl } 10 2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-(2-diethylamnino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- Il-yl ethyl)-benzamnide; 15 (3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidin- 1-yl)-[2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 5-nitro-phenyl]; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- Il-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl 20 phenylamnino)-benzamide; N- {2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino] -ethyl } -5-chloro-2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamnide; N- f{2- [Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amnino] -ethyl} -5-bromo-2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 25 N- { 3-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- Il-yl] -propyl } -2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-pyridin-4-ylmethyl benzamnide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-ethyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- Il-yl 30 ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- Il-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 89 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/.30484 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-pyrrolidin- Il-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-(3 -dimethylamino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamnide; 5 N- {2-[Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino] -ethyl I -5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamnide; 5-Chloro-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide; 5-Chloro-N-(3 -diethylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo 10 2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-piperidin- 1l-yl ethyl)-benzamnide; 5 -Bromo-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide; 15 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-piperidin- l-yl propyl)-benzamide; N- {2- [Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino] -ethyl I -2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamnino)-5-nitro-benzamnide; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl 20 ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-(3 -diethylamnino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-(2-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 25 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3 -piperidin- Il-yl propyl)-benzamide; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(2-piperidin- 1-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(2-piperazin- 1-yl 30 ethyl)-benzamnide; N-(2-Diethylamino-ethyl)-5 -fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamnino)-benzamide; 90 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 5-Bromo-N-(3-dimethylamnino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; N-(3 -Hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5 -nitro benzamnide; 5 5-Fluoro-N-(3 -hydroxy-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; N-(3-Diethylamino-propyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; N-(3-Diethylamnino-propyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 10 5-nitro-benzamnide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl ethyl)-benzamide; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(3-piperidin- Il-yl propyl)-benzamide; 15 [5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-phenyl] -(3 -hydroxy pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-methanone 5-Bromo-N-(2-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamnide; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-morpholin-4-y 20 ethyl)-benzamide; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3 -piperidin- Il-yl propyl)-benzamnide; [5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-phenyl] [4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-methanone; 25 N-(3-Diethylamino-2-hydroxy-propyl)-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo 2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide; N-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 30 benzamide; 5-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 91 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 N-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide; N-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide; 5 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) benzamide; 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide; N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 10 benzamide; N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-ethyl-phenylamnino)-5 -nitro benzamide; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-5-nitro-N-phenyl benzamide; 15 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl benzamide; N-Allyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 20 N-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino) benzamide; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl benzyl)-benzamide; N-Allyl-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 25 N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5 -nitro benzamnide; 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl 30 benzamnide; 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) benzamide; 92 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl benzyl)-benzamide; N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-N-(4-sulfamoyl-benzyl) 5 benzamide; N-Allyl-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide; 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl) benzamide; N-Cyclopropyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino) 10 benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl benzamide; N-Benzyloxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5 -nitro benzamide; 15 N-Cyclohexyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; N-AIlyl-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-benzamide; 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl) benzamide; 20 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl)-5-nitro benzamide; 5-Iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl benzamnide; N-Cyclohexyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 25 benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3 -methyl-benzyl) benzamide; 30 5-Bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl-benzyl) benzamide; 93 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 N-Cyclohexyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5 -nitro benzamide; N-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5 N-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 10 benzamide; 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-5-nitro-N-phenyl benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl benzamide; 15 N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamnide; N-Allyl-5-chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 20 5-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl benzamide; N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5 -nitro benzamide; 5-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-(4-iodo-2-methy1-phenylamino) 25 benzamide; 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; N-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 30 5 -Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl benzyl)-benzamnide; N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5 -nitro benzamnide; 94 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 N-Allyl-5-fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; N-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; N-Allyl-5-bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 5 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(4-sulfamoyl benzyl)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methyl-N-phenyl benzamide; N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide; 10 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzyl alcohol; [5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl] -methanol; [2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-phenyl]-methanol; [5-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-phenyl] -methanol; and 15 N-Allyl-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzamide.
6. A method for preventing and treating viral infections in mammals, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal infected with a virus and in need of treatment, or to a mammal at risk of developing a viral disease, an anti-viral effective amount of a phenyl amine of Formula II: 20 I I I6a Rla j2a C-N-0- R 7 a lia N II I I R5a Br or I R3a R4a wherein: Ria is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, CI-C 8 alkoxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, or CN; 25 R2a is hydrogen; 95 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 R3a, R4a, and R5a independently are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, Cl-C 8 alkyl, Cl-C 8 alkoxy, nitro, CN, or (0 or NH)m-(CH2)n-R9a, where R9a is hydrogen, hydroxy, CO 2 H or NR10aRl la 5 n is 0-4; m is 0 or 1; R10a and R 1 la independently are hydrogen or CI-C 8 alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached can complete a 3- to 10-member cyclic ring optionally containing one, two, or 10 three additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, NH, or N-C 1 -C 8 alkyl; R6a is hydrogen, C 1 -C8 alkyl, (CO)-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl; R7a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, 15 C 3 -C 10 (cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl optionally containing a heteroatom selected from 0, S, or NR9a); and wherein any of the foregoing alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and alkynyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by halo, hydroxy, CI-C 6 alkoxy, amino, nitro, CI-C 4 alkylamino, di(Ci 20 C 4 )alkylamino, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, C 3 -C 5 heteroaryl or heterocyclic radical, or C 3 -C 5 heteroaryloxy or heterocyclic radical-oxy; or R6a and R7a taken together with the N to which they are attached can complete a 5- to 1 0-membered cyclic ring, optionally containing one, two, or three additional heteroatoms selected from 0, S, or NR10aR11 a; 25 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide or prodrug thereof.
7. The method of claim 6, comprising a compound having a structure of Formula (II) wherein: (a) Ria is H, methyl, fluoro, or chloro; (b) R 2 a is H; R 3 a, R 4 a, and R 5 a are each H, Cl, nitro, or F; (c) R 6 a is H; (d) R 7 a is methyl, 30 ethyl, 2-propenyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 96 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 cyclobutyl methyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or cyclopropylethyl; and (e) the 4' position is I, rather than Br.
8. The method of claim 6, comprising a compound of Formula (II) having a 5 structure wherein: R4a is F at the 4 position, para to the CO-N-R6a-OR7a group and meta to the bridging nitrogen; at least one of R 3 a and R 5 a is F or Cl; and Ria is methyl or chloro.
9. The method of claim 6, comprising a MEK inhibitor having a formula selected from: 10 4-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(methoxy) benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop-2-ynyloxy) benzamide; 15 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-phenoxyethoxy) benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-thienylmethoxy) benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop-2-enyloxy) 20 benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (cyclopropylmethoxy)-benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopentoxy) benzamide; 25 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (3-furylmethoxy)-benzamide; 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy benzamide; 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but-2-enyloxy) 30 benzamide; 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopropyl methoxy)-benzamide; 97 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-( 1 -methyiprop 2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(3-phenylprop 2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 5 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(3-methyl 5-phenylpent-2-en-4-ynyloxy)-benzamnide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop 2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(propoxy) 10 benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclobutyloxy) benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (2-thienylmethoxy)-benzamnide; 15 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-methyl-prop 2-enyloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (2-phenoxyethoxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but-2-enyloxy) 20 benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but-3-ynyloxy) benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (cyclopentyloxy)-benzamide; 25 3,4-Difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (3 -(2-fluorophenyl)-prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2 -methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N 30 (n-propoxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-N-(furan-3 -ylmethoxy)-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamnino)-benzamnide; 98 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 5-Bromo-N-(but-2-enyloxy)-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamnino)-benzamnide 5-Bromo-N-butoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamnino)-benzamide; 5 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-pheflylainino)-N (3 -methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (3-methyl-pent-2-en-4-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-benzyl)-N 10 [5-(3 -methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-pent-2-en-4-ynyloxy] -benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(prop 2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 5-.Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N
13-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyloxy] -benzamnide; 15 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (thiopen-2-ylmethoxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 -4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N 20 (3 -(2-fluorophenyl)-prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N (ethoxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (cyclopropylmethoxy)-benzamide; 25 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (isopropoxy)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-but 3 -ynyloxy)-benzamnide; 5-Chloro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) 30 benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(tetrahydro-pyran 2-yloxy)-benzamide; 99 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 5-Chloro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-methoxy benzamide; 4-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-phenylmethoxy benzamide; 5 4-Fluoro-2..(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-phelylmethoxy benzamide; 5-Fluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-belzamide; 5-Iodo-2-.(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-phenylmethoxy benzamide; 10 5 -Fluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(tetrahydropyran 2-yloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (3 -phenylprop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N 15 (3-furylmethoxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (2-thienylmethoxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(but 3-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 20 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(2-methyl prop-2-enyloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N-(but 2-enyloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(methoxy) 25 benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(ethoxy) benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (cyclobutoxy)-benzamide; 30 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(isopropoxy) benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N (2-phenoxyethoxy)-benzamnide; 100 WO 00/40237 PCTIUS99/30484 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(cyclopropyl methoxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-(n-propoxy) benzamide; 5 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N-( 1-methyl prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamnide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N (3 -(3 -fluorophenyl)-prop-2-ynyloxy)-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-N 10 (4,4-dimethylpent-2-ynyloxy)-benzamnide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamnino)-N (cyclopentoxy)-benzamnide; 3 ,4,5-Trifluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino) benzamide; 15 5-Chloro-3,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N hydroxy-benzamide; N-Hydroxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-nitro-benzamnide; 20 3 ,4,5-Trifluoro-2-.(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy benzamide; 5-Chloro-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N hydroxy-benzamnide; 5-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N 25 hydroxy-benzamnide; 2-(2-Fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide; 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamnino)-3 ,4,5-trifluoro-N-hydroxy benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamnino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N 30 hydroxy-benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N hydroxy-benzamide; 101 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamnino)-N-hydroxy-4-methyl benzamide; 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-3 ,4,5-trifluoro-N-hydroxy benzamide; 5 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-chloro-3 ,4-difluoro-N hydroxy-benzamnide; 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide; 4-Fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy-benzamide; 3 ,4-Difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-hydroxy 10 benzamnide; 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamnino)-4-fluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide; 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamnino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy benzamide; 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-4-fluoro-N-hydroxy-benzamide; 15 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamnino)-3 ,4-difluoro-N-hydroxy benzamide; N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4,5-trifluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl 20 phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo phenylamino)-benzamide; N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-2-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-4-nitro benzamide; 25 N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4,5-trifluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo phenylamino)-benzamide; 5-Bromo-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N 30 cyclopropylmethoxy-3 ,4-difluoro-benzamide; N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-4-nitro benzamide; 102 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4,5-trifluoro-benzamide; 5-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-benzamide; 5 5-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy-3,4-difluoro benzamide; 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-ethoxy-4-nitro-benzamide; 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4,5-trifluoro-benzamide; 10 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-5-chloro-N cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-benzamide 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-nitro benzamide; N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino) 15 benzamide; N-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo phenylamino)-benzamide; 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 4-fluoro-benzamide; 20 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4-difluoro-benzamide; 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 4-fluoro-benzamide; and 2-(2-Bromo-4-iodo-phenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 25 3,4-difluoro-benzamide. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising a MEK inhibitor having a structure selected from: 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-5-chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy -3,4 difluorobenzamide (PD 297189); 2-(4-iodophenylamino)-N 30 cyclopropylmethoxy-5-chloro-3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 297190); 2-(4 iodophenylamino)-5-chloro-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (PD 296771); 2-(2 chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-5-chloro-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (PD 103 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 296770); 5-chloro-3,4-difluoro-2-(4-iodo-2-methylphenylamino)-benzoic acid (PD 296767); and 5-chloro-N-cyclopropylmethoxy -3,4-difluoro-2-(4 iodo-2-methylphenylamino)-benzamide (PD 298127). 11. A method for preventing and treating viral infections in mammals, said 5 method comprising the step of administering to a mammal infected with a virus and in need of treatment, or to a mammal at risk of developing a viral disease, an anti-viral effective amount of a compound selected from: 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD184352); 10 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide (PD170611); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-3,4-difluoro 5-bromobenzamide (PD171984); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 15 3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD177168); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclobutylmethoxy 3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD 180841); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD 184161); 20 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-3,4-difluoro 5-bromobenzamide (PD184386); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclobutylmethoxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 185625); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide 25 (PD 185848); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide(PD 188563); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4,5-trifluorobenzamide (PD 198306); and 30 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 4-fluorobenzamide (PD 203311). 104 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484 12. A method according to Claim 1, 3, or 6 wherein the viral infection to be prevented or treated is HIV. 13. A method according to Claim 1, 3, or 6 wherein the viral infection to be prevented or treated is Hepatitis B. 5 14. A method according to Claim 1, wherein said MEK inhibitor is selected from: 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 184352); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide 10 (PD170611); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-3,4-difluoro 5-bromobenzamide (PD171984); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD177168); 15 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclobutylmethoxy 3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD 180841); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4-difluoro-5-bromobenzamide (PD 184161); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-3,4-difluoro 20 5-bromobenzamide (PD184386); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclobutylmethoxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 185625); 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy-4-fluorobenzamide (PD 185848); 25 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-hydroxy 3,4-difluorobenzamide (PD 188563); 2-(2-Methyl-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 3,4,5-trifluorobenzamide (PD 198306); and 2-(2-Chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy 30 4-fluorobenzamide (PD 203311); and the benzoic acid derivatives thereof. 105 WO 00/40237 PCT/US99/30484
15. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, 3, or 6 formulated for the treatment of a viral infection. 106
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