AU2022202887B1

AU2022202887B1 - Dual Cylinder Internal Combusiton Engine

Info

Publication number: AU2022202887B1
Application number: AU2022202887A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Kwong Tse
Original assignee: Tse Kwong Wang Mr
Current assignee: Tse Kwong Wang Mr
Priority date: 2022-05-01
Filing date: 2022-05-01
Publication date: 2023-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-01

Abstract

Dual Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine] Abstract: An internal combustion engine design to run full four-stroke Otto Cycle completed in each stroke by continuous combustions in one cylinder possesses a reciprocating inner-second cylinder as its piston. Combustions on outside and inside of reciprocating inner cylinder bring it reciprocating continuously on every stroke to produce power giving out to external of cylinder on connecting rod. Continuous combustions achieved by two opposite cylinder heads with projected device of fuel injection and emission exhaustion processing in the same time in every cylinder. Two combustion chambers on two sides of the reciprocating second cylinder base run their own four-stroke engine cycle independently, cooperatively and correspondingly to work out four-stroke Otto Cycle by one single stroke. Kwong Tse

Description

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Title of Invention

10011 Dual Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine

Field of invention 10021 The present engine design may relate to running of internal combustion engines and in particular, but not necessarily entirely, to a second cylinder reciprocating within chamber of first cylinder. More specifically, this engine design may relate to an internal combustion engine to run the four-stroke engine cycle in one single stroke. More specifically, this engine design may relate to improve conventional internal combustion engine of the four-stroke cycle into one stroke covering all four strokes cycle for a better engine performance in energy production.

Background of the invention 10031 Internal combustion engines are widely used as power plants for many equipment and apparatuses such as automobiles, power generators, pumps, compressors, ships, tractors, machines, and airplanes. In order to supply adequate power, conventional internal combustion engines are generally includes a hollow combustion chamber inside which there is disposed a linearly and reciprocally moveable piston member. Although there are many alternative structures for internal combustion engine, cylinder and piston is the most mature and reliable structure for general power production of internal combustion engine. 10041 In general, the piston driven towards the cylinder head which is usually the ceiling of a cylinder compress the gaseous fuel mixture introduced into the cylinder during one stroke of the four-stroke engine cycle. The subsequent timely combustion of the compressed fuel causes an explosion to drive the piston away from the cylinder head. This movement or stroke also drives the connecting power transmission mechanism to deliver the resulting mechanical power outside the cylinder for the intended use. 10051 In general, 1) fuel intake, 2) compression, 3) combustion and 4) exhaustion are four typical steps or strokes involved in a complete engine operation Otto Cycle of a conventional four-stroke internal combustion engine. Because an engine cylinder must withstand the enormous explosive force during the engine operating cycles, internal combustion engines are typically made of steel, wrought iron or other ferrous or non-ferrous metal alloys which are inherently heavy and bulky. Since a plurality of engine cylinders are usually connected together

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to provide sufficient power output as well as for smooth engine operation, the weight of engines becomes an important factor to negotiate if to improve the efficiency of an engine is to be improved. In general, engine designers endeavor to minimize the engine weight-to-power output ratio, or, alternatively, to maximize the power-to-weight ratio per combustion cylinder. Generally, in a four cylinder engine of four-stroke cycle, usually only one cylinder delivers power at time of explosion which means that the instantaneous explosion cylinder and piston must also drive the remaining non-power generating pistons and the connecting mechanism and parts between cylinders whereas which can be minimized for efficiency of power generation. 10061 In a conventional four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the complete engine operation cycle of fuel intake, compression, combustion and exhaustion requires two cycles of linearly reciprocal motion or four strokes of the piston member. In other words, each piston member has to move up and down twice in order to complete one single engine cycle. Since only piston of combustion strokes is the only stroke generating power, the other piston strokes are non-power generating but power consuming, noting all pistons usually linked together by a crankshaft and always connected to an external load. Hence, it will be highly beneficial if there can be provided an improved internal combustion engine or engine topology which can overcome or at least mitigate the shortcomings associated with the afore-said disadvantages of conventional internal combustion engine. Present engine design may be working out conventional four-stroke engine cycle by one single stroke piston movement. 10071 Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the words "comprise", "comprises" and "comprising" will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated step or element or group of steps or elements but not the exclusion of any other step or element or group of steps or elements. 10081 Any one of the terms: "including" or "which includes" or "that includes" as used herein is also an open term that also means including at least the elements/features that follow the term, but not excluding others. 10091 Any discussion of the background art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such background art is prior art nor that such background art is widely known or forms part of the common general knowledge in the field in Australia or worldwide.

Object of the invention

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[00101 Hence, it is an object of the present engine design to produce an improved internal combustion engine design or engine topology to overcome or, at least, mitigate disadvantages associated with conventional internal combustion engines. More specifically, it is an object of the present engine design to provide an improved internal combustion engine design or engine topology serves to improve engine performance by reducing the engine weight-to-power output ratio. It is also an object of the present engine design to provide an internal combustion engine design or engine topology the piston only needs to go through a single leniently reciprocal motion or single stroke of motion in order to complete the fuel intake, compression, explosion and exhaustion cycle of engine operation. More specifically, it is an object of present engine design to provide a design of engine run by a single cylinder or its multiples. As a minimum it is at least an object of the present engine design to provide the public with a choice of a novel internal combustion engine or engine topology to be described hereinafter.

Summary of the invention

[00111 In view of the aforesaid objectives and according to the present invention, there provided an internal combustion engine including at least one engine cylinder. The cylinder describes as an outer-first-original cylinder with an inner-second cylinder with their own different cylinder heads and cylinder cavities separated into first and second combustion chambers in alternate combustions of normal four stroke cycle engine operation.

[00121 Preferably, the inner-second cylinder includes continuous reciprocating linear motion between two cylinder heads by explosions inside and outside of its reciprocating second cylinder body.

[00131 Preferably, the inner-second cylinder includes functions of a cylinder and a piston of convention internal combustion engine.

[00141 Preferably, the inner-second cylinder includes a second piston with cylinder head apparatus situates permanently at the open end of outer cylinder and allowing inner cylinder to reciprocating between this second piston circular circumference and wall of outer cylinder.

[00151 Preferably, the outer and inner cylinder includes their different fuel intake apparatuses taking in fuel into their respective cylinder cavities constructing a fuel stream current pushing off emission to exhaustion outlet without mixing with each other between two strokes of engine operation.

[00161 Preferably, the fuel in-taking system includes an in and out gaseous running system enable the outer and inner cylinders can replace their emission by fresh fuel in moment between

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two engine strokes.

[00171 Preferably, the internal combustion engine includes a moveable second cylinder, second piston, second cylinder head, fresh fuel replacing emission system fulfils four strokes engine cycle in one single stroke.

[00181 Preferably, the second piston includes a permanent position within second cylinder with apparatus of fuel intake and emission exhaustion as conventional cylinder head.

[00191 Preferably, the second piston includes a permanent cage to support its permanent position standing on extended engine block,

[00201 Preferably, the two engine cylinders are running combustions continuously and consecutively within their combustion chambers for processes of Otto Cycle for power production in each single stroke in setting of one cylinder embracing the other one as one cylinder engine or multiple of it as dual cylinder or cylinders in engine operation.

[00211 According to an aspect of the present invention an internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine comprising at least one engine cylinder including a cylinder cavity surrounded by a cylindrical wall with a first cylinder head on one end and a second cylinder member reciprocating within the cylinder cavity on other end between a second piston and the first cylinder head, wherein the combustion occurs alternatively in two cylinders in normal engine operation delivering power of combustion to a connecting rod by the reciprocating cylinder.

[00221 Preferably, the first cylinder head includes a construction of protrusion part bulged from the cylinder head towards combustion chamber used to separate fresh fuel coming into cavity without mixing with emission. Further, the first cylinder includes an operation of a fuel inlet opening for fresh fuel refill right after opening of an exhaustion outlet constructing a fuel refilling current to replace emission by fresh fuel in the combustion chamber operating simultaneously.

[00231 In accordance with an embodiment, the internal combustion engine further includes the operation of fresh fuel refill and emission exhaustion, running and finishing at the same time or nearly the same time between stroke of combustion and the next coming stroke.

[00241 Preferably, the protrusion part bulged from the cylinder head with the fuel inlet together includes a projected directional spreading of fuel spraying constitutes a fuel refilling current towards combustion chamber forcing emission in combustion chamber to run out from exhaustion outlet steadily and orderly replaced by fresh fuel.

[00251 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder head

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construction includes steps of fuel intake and emission exhaustion grouped into one step operating in between time of combustion stroke and next linear stroke movements in engine operation. Further, the cylinder includes an operation of fuel intake and emission exhaustion without process of engine stroke movement.

[00261 Preferably, the reciprocating second cylinder member includes a non-communicable cylinder base separating the cylinder cavity into two combustion chambers for different engine operation. Further, the cylinder base includes functions of reciprocating engine piston. Also, the reciprocating cylinder is an inner cylinder working within an outer cylinder for different combustion operation and the reciprocating cylinder includes a piston pin to carry connecting rod for delivering power of combustion in two different cylinders out for energy production.

[00271 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the internal combustion engine includes a second piston member located within second cylinder surrounded by its cylindrical wall constructing the combustion chamber for second cylinder with cylinder base. Further, the second piston includes a permanent status for the engine operation. Furthermore, the second piston includes an apparatus of fuel intake, emission exhaustion as the cylinder head for the engine operation of second cylinder.

[00281 Preferably, the second piston includes functions of piston and cylinder head at the same time. Further, the second piston includes a construction of the protrusion part bulged from second piston towards the combustion chamber used to separate fresh fuel coming into the cavity without mixing with emission. Furthermore, the second piston includes an operation of fuel inlet opening for fresh fuel refill right after opening of exhaustion outlet constructing a fuel refilling current to replace emission by fresh fuel into second combustion chamber operating simultaneously.

[00291 Preferably, the second cylinder member includes the operation of fresh fuel refill and emission exhaustion processing at the same time or nearly the same time between stroke of combustion and next linear stroke movements in engine operation.

[00301 Preferably, the second cylinder member includes a cylinder wall retreated a distance from first cylinder wall avoiding any physical contact between two cylinder walls.

[00311 Preferably, the second cylinder member includes bands and stripes on body casted outside holding expansion of cylinder wall of second cylinder in combustion. Also, the second cylinder member includes strengthened joining parts with cylinder bottom and piston skirt by gradually thicken thickness.

[00321 Preferably, the first and second cylinders include their projected directional spreading of

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fuel spraying constitutes fuel refilling currents towards their own combustion chambers forcing emission in combustion chamber to run out from exhaustion outlet steadily and orderly replaced by fresh fuel. Further, the first and second cylinder include steps of fuel intake and emission exhaustion grouped into one step operating consecutively in between time of two linear stroke movements of second cylinder in engine operation in different cylinders. Furthermore, the first and second cylinder includes operation of fuel intake and emission exhaustion without process of engine stroke movement. Also, the first and second cylinders include same grouping steps of fuel intake and emission exhaustion in different cylinders and different time consecutively and cooperatively for different engine operation.

[00331 Preferably, the second piston includes a permanent supporter cage standing below to support its permanent position within second cylinder. Further, the permanent supporter cage includes rings on top and below with columns and walls in between for a strong construction to back up second piston to resist continuous combustion in first and second cylinders.

[00341 Preferably, the second cylinder includes concave rollers and a band tied on its open end. Further, the concave rollers include positioning of touching with each columns of permanent supporter cage for a smooth reciprocating operation of second cylinder. Also, the band includes reinforcing to second cylinder tied on its open end during reciprocating operation of engine operation from controlling unwanted vibration and resonance.

[00351 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the internal combustion engine includes an extended part of engine block between original engine block and oil pan. The extended engine block extended from original engine block includes supplying of covering to parts of supporter cages, fuel and exhaustion apparatus introducing a strong and permanent base supporting to them and second pistons to resist continuous combustion from first and second cylinder. Further, the extended engine block includes rooms for installation of fuel intake and emission exhaustion apparatus going through.

[00361 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine comprises at least one engine cylinder, the engine cylinder embracing a second cylinder with a non-communicable cylinder base reciprocating within its combustion chamber in between cylinder head of first cylinder and a firmly positioned second piston made for second cylinder head and piston, the reciprocating cylinder base separating the first cylinder into two combustion chambers for combustions inside and outside of the reciprocating cylinder alternatively and continuously by grouping two steps of fuel in-taking and emission exhaustion to time of one step operating between engine stoke of

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combustion and next linear stroke of movement corresponding to steps of engine cycle on each side of reciprocating cylinder base.

[00371 Preferably, in the internal combustion engine, the combustion and compression steps of engine operation working alternatively, cooperatively and continuously in a cylinder by functions of a second cylinder embraced within producing combustion power from every stroke of linear reciprocating motion of a reciprocating cylinder by completing four stroke cycle of engine operation in every one stroke.

[00381 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the internal combustion engine includes parts of first and second cylinders, pistons and cylinder heads, exercising four steps Otto Engine Cycle within their different cavities from standing on permanent cages and extended engine block to produce power in every single stroke for energy production.

Brief description of the drawings

[00391 Preferred embodiments of the present engine design of an internal combustion engine or engine topology will be explained in more detail in the specific description below by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[00401 Figs. la-d shows an example in series of schematic diagrams of a general four cylinder internal combustion engine from Otto Cycle illustrating the principle process of general engine operation by order of a/intake, b/compression, c/combustion and d/exhaustion. Four cylinders are running their four steps of process orderly and independently, but also cooperatively with each other to run all steps of engine combustion process. It means Fig. 1 shows they are four different cylinders processing different steps of engine cycle cooperatively and orderly, and also four steps of combustion process in one cylinder. It results every stroke would have a combustion from one cylinder to have power to move four pistons in four cylinders to run the engine. Then, next cylinder would have its succeed combustion after compression to keep powering the engine to go on operation;

[00411 Fig. 2 shows a general conventional cylinder head with hoses and valves for fuel intake and emission exhaustion as reference of its parts in general engine operation;

[00421 Fig. 3 shows embodiment of present engine design by innovation arrangement on cylinder head in order to shrink conventional general four strokes engine process into two strokes as first step;

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[00431 Fig. 4a-d shows present innovation arrangement of Fig. 3 may be working in the engine process in order to shrink four strokes into two by saving strokes of fuel in-take and exhaustion;

[00441 Fig. 5 shows a figure illustrating general piston with connecting rod as reference;

[00451 Fig. 6 shows to embodiment present engine design is going to shrink two engine strokes of compression and combustion into one process of one single stroke by detaching a general piston into parts according their functions of a general piston looking for possibilities;

[00461 Fig. 7 shows a conventional piston is replaced by a new cylinder with hollow cavity within possessing both functions of piston and cylinder;

[00471 Fig. 8a-d shows in series of schematic figures of a, b, c and d for embodiment of present engine design may be processing one combustion in every stroke of engine operation;

[00481 Fig. 9a-d shows present engine design may run process of combustion within second cylinder by second piston and a supporting cage;

[00491 Fig. 10 shows present engine design comprises a group of new parts of second cylinder, second piston and cage built together resting safely in between conventional cylinder engine block and the rest revolving mechanism by a connecting body of an extended engine block;

[00501 Fig. 11 shows present engine design is going to build the second piston with functions and apparatus of a cylinder head;

[00511 Fig. 12a-d shows by schematic figures of a, b, c and d for present engine design is operating processes of intake, compression, combustion and exhaustion within second cylinder, with second piston, second cylinder head and their new related apparatus;

[00521 Fig. 13a-e shows different new parts required for a secure supporting to a permanent position of second piston;

[00531 Fig. 14 shows present engine design secures the permanent position of the second piston and its supporting cage by an extended engine block;

[00541 Fig. 15a-d shows by schematic figures of a, b, c and d for present engine design may be operating combustion to every stroke of second cylinder bringing continuous power production by one cylinder engine or each cylinder of a multi cylinder internal combustion engine;

[00551 Fig. 16 shows an example of cylinder construction avoiding stuck in reciprocation of inner cylinder during combustion;

[00561 Fig. 17 shows an enlarge section of Fig. 16 shows its construction avoiding leaking of combustion from inner cylinder through its piston circumference during reciprocation; and

[00571 Fig. 18 shows the position of present engine design is amalgamating with conventional engine block, revolving mechanism and oil pan.

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[00581 It should be noted that the same numeral represents the same or similar elements throughout the drawings.

tailed description of the preferred embodiments

[00591 While the present invention is described herein by way of example using embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described and are not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further, some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the embodiments outlined in any way. It should be understood that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. As used throughout this description, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e. meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense, (i.e. meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one" and the word "plurality" means "one or more" unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein is solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.

[00601 Referring firstly to Fig 1, it shows a conventional internal combustion engine in operation to illustrate its general principle of operation. The engine generally includes at least one engine cylinder, although a plurality of engine cylinder may be, and are generally, connected together to meet with specific power and operation requirements and to fulfill various performance criteria. Fig. 1 shows in a series of schematic figure by Otto engine cycle as a/intake, b/compression, c/combustion and d/exhaustion of same engine cylinder respectively and running in this order to complete a cycle of engine process. If it is a four cylinders engine, Fig. 1 also shows how each cylinder is running their same four steps of engine cycle by different steps in different cylinder. At the time different cylinder is running different steps of engine process, all cylinders must work together cooperatively to help each other to finish their cycle of engine running process. As we can see from Fig. 1, it shows also

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a-d four cylinders in different steps of engine process, and it is only combustion processing cylinder to give power for the engine to keeping on to run. It is next combustion in next cylinder on next process to give its combustion power for keeping the engine going on to run after. It is keeping on combustion on different cylinder consecutively in loop cooperatively and orderly to operate four steps engine cycle in each cylinder. It is the consecutive combustion cylinders to give power for the engine keeping on to run. The main disadvantage of above four cylinder engine cycle is it comprises one combustion only in each step of process of a four cylinder series. The other non-combustion cylinders cannot give any power to run the engine until their own combustion happens to them. Connecting these four cylinders there are four pistons to deliver power out of the engine by every combustion piston stroke being working by their respective combustion cylinder. As a result to this four cylinders-one combustion engine system, three non-combustion cylinders are non-productive to the running of the engine, but consuming part of combustion power in all engine running time. Present engine design is going to introduce a technology may bring all cylinders has combustion on every stroke. It would not have any non-combustion cylinder anymore.

[00611 Fig. I shows its cylinder 1 in a four cylinder series engine process is in combustion process for its fuel is combusting in engine cylinder 1 giving power to piston 2 by their combined crankshaft 3 revolving mechanism expelled to its far most position from cylinder head 4. This combustion power brings all pistons 2 of all cylinders 1 to have a stroke up or down. All pistons 2 are ready to have next successive stroke by next combustion to bring them up or down as the arrows shown. Next combusting cylinder is lb whereas its fuel is ready for combusting after compression. After lb is combusted, successive combusting cylinder is la, then Id, and then come back to Ic, and in loop again. This is the Otto Cycle principle for a general four cylinder engine running.

[00621 Referring to Fig. 2 shows a conventional and general cylinder head as that in Fig. 1. Cylinder head 4 comprises exhaustion hose 5, fuel intake hose 6, their controlling valves 7 and spark plug 8. This general set of cylinder head apparatus controls two steps of engine process of fuel intake and emission exhaustion. In conventional engine process, by working of piston strokes up and down in cylinder, fuel comes into cylinder and emission goes out after combustion. In fact, these two processes are not by the working of piston strokes, but taking use of the interval time of piston moving up or down only for bringing fresh fuel into cylinder and emission cleared out from cylinder. Fuel and emission have their own pressure to run their own processes. The question is whether they are possible to be skipped from the engine

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process in relation to the moving of piston but still take part in four steps cycle of engine operation. If it is possible, general engine operation remains two processes of compression and combustion only, which are not skippable from piston movement in anyway.

[00631 Referring to Fig. 3 shows embodiment of present engine design in order to shrink four steps of general engine processes into one stroke of piston movement. Example of engine design 9 comprises cylinder cavity 10 surrounded by cylinder wall 11 with piston 2, emission hose, exhaustion hose 5, fuel intake hose 6, valves 7 and spark plug 8. Fuel hose 6 is modified from Fig. 2 for injection of fuel from cylinder head straight down to piston 2 instead of going to center of cylinder cavity 10 if it is originally not in this positioning. A new solid part protrusion 12 bulged from cylinder head towards cylinder cavity 10 as an example used to control fresh fuel to separate spreading coming into cavity 10 from mixing with emission. Exhaustion hose 5 can be modified same as fuel hose 6 in Fig. 3 straight down to piston 2 at bottom of cylinder 1 or remaining its original positioning depends on the cooperative results of fuel running of different engine design.

[00641 Refer to Fig. 3 again it is the time after cylinder cavity 10 has combustion. Piston 2 is forced and expelled to its most away position from cylinder head 4 of engine 9. Cylinder cavity 10 is full of explosion emission for exhaustion. Before piston 2 return back to its top position, valve 7 of exhaustion hose 5 open for emission to run out, and immediately right after its opening, valve 7 of fuel hose 6 is open too for fresh fuel to run into cavity 10. Pressurized fuel and air mixture and pressure of combustion emission form a current of fuel and emission running in and out of cylinder cavity 10 from fuel hose 6 to exhaustion hose 5 as different arrows shown in Fig. 3.

[00651 By adequate high pressure of fuel and building of bulged protrusion 12, fresh fuel comes into cavity 10 down to bottom of cavity 10 from one side without mixing with emission forcing emission to run out of cavity 10. Fresh fuel takes over cavity 10 orderly as a current showed by black arrows in Fig. 3 and emission runs out through exhaustion hose 5 showed by dotted arrows in cavity 10. On the exact time of fresh fuel reached valve 7 of exhaustion hose 5 , both valves 7 may closed. Piston 2 starts its stroke way back to the upmost position for a compression stroke. This process design is possible by adequate high pressure of fuel, precision timing of valve control and their cooperative operation with introduction of a suitable construction of fuel intake and protrusion to separate emission mixing with fresh fuel before running out. Therefore, two steps of engine process in-take and exhaustion fulfilled without taking use of piston operation. After both valves 7 are closed piston 2 ways up to its

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compression stroke, spark plug 8 ignites duly combustion of compressed fuel. Four steps of engine process are fulfilled orderly and completely between two strokes of stoke movements and is on half way to shrink engine process into one stroke from four. It is a calculation of time about piston moving, pressure forces of fuel and emission, valves control and distance of fuel to run. A fuel sensor may be required for the closing time of valves.

[00661 Referring to Fig. 4, shows schematic figures a, b, c and d of engine operation of design 9 from Fig. 3 to explain present engine design is processing its engine operation. Fig. 4a shows process of fuel intake and exhaustion are processing within cylinder cavity at the same time as in Fig. 3. Fig. 4b shows fuel refilled has been compressed by compression stroke of piston 2, 4c for duly combustion after compression and 4d for intake and exhaustion in loop again as in 4a. Piston 2 moved up and down once each for compression and combustion, and intake and exhaustion fulfilled in a very short moment between two strokes and full engine operation process is done by only two strokes involved.

[00671 Referring to Fig. 5 shows a general piston of conventional engine from which present engine design is looking for the possibility of going on to further innovation of a one-stroke cylinder engine for full engine process operation. Fig. 5 shows every parts of piston 2 as non-communicable piston head 13 on the top, different piston rings 14, piston pin 15, piston skirt 16, connecting rod 17 and crankpin holder 18. Each parts carry part of duty to deliver power of combustion in cylinder to crankshaft and then to be a controllable working energy.

[00681 Referring to Fig. 6, as piston is the only part available for modification to have further innovation, it needs to examine which part of a piston is possible for such further modifications. It is found all parts from 13 to 18 in Fig. 5 are required and impossible to be omitted, and it is the shape and length of piston 2 can be modified for further innovation.

[00691 Referring to Fig. 7, a general piston is going to modify for further innovation about embodiment of present engine design. The shape of piston 2 may turn to be cylinder 19 with cylindrical wall 20 embracing hollow cavity 21. Cylinder 19 may comprise non communicable piston top 13, different piston rings 14 on upper surface as before, piston pin 15, new piston skirt 16 or as conventional if required, connecting rod 17 and crankpin holder 18. Cylinder 19 is a second cylinder reciprocating within its original cylinder 1. By these modifications, second cylinder 19 possesses dual functions of cylinder and piston. Cylinder 19 comprises a non-communicable closed end cylinder bottom working as a reciprocating piston top 13 constructing the original combustion chamber 10 with the original cylinder 1 as in Fig. 3 on its top. Its cylinder wall 20 embracing hollow cavity 21 is the second combustion

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chamber for combustions processing within. Duly combustions within chamber 21 as present engine design 9 going to design will create addition combustion during its normal engine operations. All power produced in cylinders 1 and 19 will deliver to connecting rod and crankshaft for engine output through open end of cylinder 19 opposite to bottom 13.

[00701 Referring to Fig. 8, a series of schematic figures a, b, c and d shows present design 9 is exercising one combustion in each stroke of engine operation. Fig. 8a shows original cylinder 1 becomes an outer cylinder has finished combustion and is running processes of fuel intake and emission exhaustion as described in Fig. 3. Second cylinder 19 is an inner cylinder expelled to its far most position away from cylinder head 4 of cylinder 1 working as piston of cylinder 1. Fresh fuel hold within second combustion chamber 21 of second cylinder 19 processed a compression stroke worked out by combustion on overhead in cylinder 1 just happened. Fresh fuel in cavity 21 compressed between cylinder wall 20, bottom of piston head 13 and a new second piston 22 is ready for combustion.

[00711 Fig. 8b shows duly combustion in second cylinder 19 brings cylinder 19 expelled from second piston 22 to its upmost possible position closing to cylinder head 4 of cylinder 1. At the same time, fresh fuel in cylinder 1 is compressed by the running up of cylinder 19 on its piston head 13.

[00721 Fig. 8c shows combustion in cylinder 19 is finished and is processing fresh fuel intake and emission exhaustion immediately after within combustion chamber 21 as in Fig. 3. It is the time about compressed fresh fuel in cylinder 1 ready for combustion.

[00731 Fig. 8d shows subsequent combustion in cylinder 1 brings second cylinder 19 down to its lowest possible position away from cylinder head 4. This engine stroke brings also a compression stroke for fuel in second combustion chamber 21 of second cylinder 19. Then present design comes back to Fig. 8a in loop again for engine operation. It is two engine strokes worked out by two combustions involved. There is no more non-productive cylinder and stroke. Every combustion from present design 9 bring cylinder 19 up or down carrying power delivered to connecting rod 17 for energy production.

[00741 Referring to Fig. 9, shows a series of schematic figures a, b, c and d for positioning of second piston 22 in relation to reciprocating second cylinder 19 in working out functions by reversing operation of conventional piston and cylinder. General conventional piston is reciprocating and cylinder is permanent but now design 9 brings a permanent second piston 22 with second cylinder 19 reciprocating on its circumference all the time as in Fig. 9a-9d for power production.

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[00751 Fig. 9 shows piston 22 of present engine design in an elevated view comprises a strong cage 23 standing under to support its permanent position. Cage 23 must totally within piston 22 and away from the course of the reciprocating cylinder 19 without any blocking to its movement. Both piston 22 and cage 23 are sticking together and sticking to the engine block in a secured position for resisting the continuous combustion forces received from piston 22. Fig. 9a to d shows cylinder 19 is moving up and down in engine operation, piston 22 and cage 23 still keeping their permanent positions as fixed on a straight line without shifting. In Fig. 9 piston 22 is in slight black, cage 23 is in medium black and cylinder 19 in deep black for easier to view and distinguish.

[00761 Referring to Fig. 10, shows an overall view of engine design 9 in simplified drawing, as original cylinder 1 on the top, second cylinder 19 located within cylinder 1, second piston 22 located within second cylinder 19, supporting cage 23 located under second piston 22, an interconnecting engine block 24 supporting them below, connecting rod 17, crankshaft 3, and the rest revolving mechanism at the bottom behind figure. Interconnecting engine block 24 is an extension part from original engine block with cylinder 1 and has the same solid status to resist continuous combustion from both cylinders. Piston skirt 16 of any design or as conventional won't touch or rocking to interconnecting engine block 24 or cage 23. Cylinder 19 is reciprocating between upmost possible position closing to cylinder head 4 and lowest possible position before extended engine block 24 on the circumference of second piston 22.

[00771 Referring Fig. 11, shows present engine design is installing its fuel intake and emission exhaustion apparatus for cylinder 19. As there is no way to go through the reciprocating cylinder 19, the only route for fuel and emission apparatus for combustion chamber 21 is from second piston 22 and must be away from the reciprocating range of cylinder 19. Below cage 23, it is interconnecting cylinder block 24. As a result of these restrictions, routes of fresh fuel hose 26, exhaustion hose 27 and their controlling mechanism may be installed between cage 23 and the lowest reciprocating position of second cylinder 19 or any possible route away from said restrictions.

[00781 Referring to Fig. 12, shows by a series of schematic figures a, b, c and d for an example of engine operation of second cylinder 19. Fig. 12a shows combustion chamber 21 of cylinder 19 has finished combustion. Fresh fuel is refilling and pushing emission to run out of cylinder orderly as a current through second piston 22. A new part of protrusion 12 bulged from second piston 22 towards cylinder cavity 21 used to separate fresh fuel coming into cavity without mixing with emission. It is the same operation design as in Fig. 3 for cylinder 1 for same

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amalgamated process of engine operation. Fig. 12 shows an example of a long controlling system 28 of valves 7 for which have to be positioned away from the reciprocating cylinder 19 too. Fresh fuel is refilling straight to the top of cylinder 19 by construction of a direction from the shape of opening of fuel hose 26 and the bulged protrusion 12 to form a current to push emission into exhaustion hose 27 orderly. Adequate high pressure of fresh fuel is required to complete the job in a very short time between combustion finished and compression starts. Second piston 22 is not only a piston but also a strong cylinder head for cylinder 19 on present engine design.

[00791 Fig. 12b shows duly compression stroke by combustion on top of cylinder 19 brings fresh fuel in cavity 21 compressed.

[00801 Fig. 12c shows subsequent combustion of cylinder cavity 21 brings cylinder 19 expelled to its upmost position for a combustion stroke.

[00811 Fig. 12d shows cylinder 19 comes back to Fig. 12a for processing fuel intake and emission exhaustion in loop again. There are two strokes of cylinder 19 by two combustions brings the highest fuel efficiency to the engine, as one combustion in cylinder 19 and one in cylinder 1 working cooperatively and continuously to produce power in engine operation of cylinder 1 of present engine design.

[00821 Referring to Fig. 13 shows an example construction of supporting cage 23 by figures a to e.

[00831 Fig. 13a shows construction of supporting cage 23 in elevated view comprises one ring each on the top and bottom of circumference smaller than cylinder 19 with four or any number of columns 30 standing in between. Top ring 29 is for the rest of second piston 22 on the top and the bottom ring 29 is for resting on the interconnecting engine block on bottom as shown in previous Fig. 10.

[00841 Fig. 13b shows a top view of ring 29 and columns 30 of cage 23 from top with cylinder 19 reciprocating outside. Both cylinder 19 and ring 29 are not touching each other for avoiding any unnecessary friction during reciprocation of cylinder 19. 100851 Fig. 13c considering reciprocation of cylinder 19 may bring vibration causing destructive force to engine body in operation. A concave roller 31 built on the open end of cylinder 19 for touching with each column 30 of cage 23 during reciprocation. A short band 32 tied on outside end of cylinder 19 in order to reinforce the holding force on the shape of cylinder 19. This arrangement brings cylinder 19 is reciprocating by firmly touching on circumference of second piston 22 and columns 30 of cage 23 within cylinder 1. Two or any number of interconnecting walls 33 built between two columns and two rings are ensuring to avoid any

16 (21 pages specification newly amended on 03/08/2023 confirmed)

vibration and resonance may happen.

[00861 Fig. 13 d shows an enlarged top view on a section including roller 31, column 30, cylinder 19, wall 33 and band 32 for giving a clearer view on their building and relationship.

[00871 Fig. 13e shows an example of a solid concave roller 31 for reference.

[00881 Referring to Fig. 14 shows two cylinders 19 in elevated view are reciprocating on the circumference of second piston 22 supporting by cages 23 securely rested on base of interconnecting engine block 24 in solid black, and also reciprocating along on touching each columns 30 by each attached rollers 31 as in Fig. 13c-d. Round hole 34 is hollowed out from extended interconnecting engine block under bottom ring 29 for size enough for the swinging range of connecting rod 17 which is hanged down from piston pin 15 for connecting cylinder 19 to crankshaft working below. Interconnecting engine block 24 is an extension from original engine block and cylinder 1 high enough for embracing all around cages 23, strong enough to resist continuous combustion from two cylinders without any shifting of positions and have enough rooms for installation of fuel intake and exhaustion apparatus to go through. Base of extended engine block 24 may be made in wave pattern to strengthen its construction or thick enough to resist continuously combustion force from cage 23 resting on its top.

[00891 Referring to Fig. 15 shows four schematic figures a to d about an overall engine operation of shrinking four strokes of Otto Cycle into one stroke by present engine design. Fig. 15a shows cylinder 1 open its valves of controlling fuel and exhaustion for processing fuel intake and emission exhaustion in cavity 10 while cylinder 19 has processed fuel compression within cylinder cavity 21.

[00901 Fig. 15b shows cylinder 19 in duly combustion within cavity 21 after its valves closed is forcing cylinder 21 expelled away from second piston 22. At the time of combustion in cylinder 19, fresh fuel refilled in cylinder 1 is compressed by the moving up stroke of cylinder 19 after valves closed.

[00911 Fig. 15c shows at the time cylinder 19 finishing its stroke of combustion, it open its valves for refilling fresh fuel by adequate high pressure and pushing emission exhausted out of cavity 21. Cylinder 1 is ready for combustion.

[00921 Fig. 15d shows at the time when both valves of cylinder 19 controlling fuel intake and exhaustion are closed, cylinder 1 comes in combustion and forcing cylinder 19 expelled away from cylinder head of cylinder 1. This movement of cylinder 19 is the subsequent stroke of engine operation of present engine design brings compression of fuel within cavity 21 of cylinder 19. Then, cylinder 1 comes again in loop of Fig. 15a for exercising fuel intake and

17 (21 pages specification newly amended on 03/08/2023 confirmed)

exhaustion and goes on its engine operation. From Fig. 15a to d it found there are two combustions bringing two strokes in running all engine operation.

[00931 Referring to Fig. 16 shows an example of construction of cylinder 19 for which is reciprocating within cylinder 1 in original engine block with its cylinder bottom 13 as a piston describe before. Cylinder wall 20 embraces cylinder cavity 21 for combustion within extended from cylinder bottom 13 to piston skirt 16. Second piston 22 located within cylinder cavity 21 of cylinder 19 with cage 23 standing under. Apparatus of fuel intake 26 and exhaustion 27 are running through second piston 22. Caution is every combustion in cavity 21 brings enormous explosion forces to every direction including wall 20. As second piston 22 is permanent, such force will bring bottom 13 going up and also wall 20 expand as a result of explosion. If wall 20 is totally touching with cylinder 1, such explosion in cavity 21 would cause an excess friction stuck to the reciprocation of cylinder 19 blocking its smooth and free movement between cylinder 19 and cylinder 1. Fig. 16 shows an example of cylinder 19 or any cylindrical element with cylinder wall 20 of circumference smaller than cylinder 1 as retreated a little distance from cylinder wall of cylinder 1 for adequate room for wall 20 would not touch each other with cylinder 1 during continuous combustion in cavity 21. Whereas cylinder bottom 13 is constantly touching with cylinder 1 for reciprocating within for production of energy as a general piston.

[00941 Referring to Fig. 17 shows an enlarged section for cylinder wall 20 retreated from touching with cylinder 1, but explosion within cavity 21 may bring an unavoidable expansion of wall 20 especially in the middle section where is second piston 22 located. Such explosion may cause a leaking of explosion through their contacting circumferences between each other due to expansion of wall 20. This must be prevented by construction of cylinder or any other possible way. Fig. 17 shows an example on construction of cylinder 19 to build three horizontal bands 32 or any number all around across middle section of wall 20 with a number of cross strips 35 tied them together on surface of cylinder wall 20. Bands 32 and stripes 35 are casted on outside surface of cylinder wall 20 with an adequate depth not touching with cylinder 1 anyway. This construction of band and stripe gives an extra force holding circumference of cylinder wall 20 on its middle section in explosion of cavity 21 to have the minimum expansion or zero. Expansion of wall 20 in explosion is under control gives a constant touching relationship between wall 20 and second piston 22, and also a control to wall 20 without touching cylinder 1. On the joining parts of cylinder wall 20 with cylinder bottom 13 and piston skirt 16, they are strengthened by adequate gradually thicken thickness or by an

18 (21 pages specification newly amended on 03/08/2023 confirmed)

extra band 32 as in Fig. 13c. Piston skirt 16 in Fig. 16 and 17 give an example as conventional piston skirt if required, but adequate rooms or gaps would be reserved for positioning of fuel inlet, emission exhaustion and their controlling apparatuses installations to go through.

[00951 Referring to Fig. 18 shows a four-cylinder engine of present engine design in elevated view of cylinders 19, second pistons 22 and cages 23 located on interconnecting engine block 24 extended from conventional engine block 36 on the top and oil pan 37 from below. They are ready for installation of connecting rods, crankshaft, fresh fuel supply, exhaustion and their related controlling mechanism for operation of power production.

Interpretation Embodiments:

[00961 Reference throughout this specification to "embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present engine design. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments.

[00971 Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the above description of example embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed engine design requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this engine design. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some, but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the engine design, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

19 (21 pages specification newly amended on 03/08/2023 confirmed)

Different Instances of Objects

[00981 As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

Specific Details 100991 In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the engine design may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Terminology

[001001 In describing the preferred embodiment of the engine design illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, the engine design is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar technical purpose. Terms such as "forward", "onward", "rearward", "radially", "peripherally", "upwardly", "downwardly", and the like are used as words of convenience to provide reference points and are not to be construed as limiting terms.

Comprising and Including

[001011 In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the engine design, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" are used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the engine design. Any one of the terms: including or which includes or that includes as used herein is also an open term that also means including at least the elements/features that follow the term, but not excluding others. Thus, including is synonymous with and means comprising.

Scope of Engine design

20 (21 pages specification newly amended on 03/08/2023 confirmed)

[001021 Thus, while there has been described what are believed to be the preferred embodiments of the engine design, those skilled in the art will recognize that other and further modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the engine design, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the engine design. For example, any formulas given above are merely representative of procedures that may be used. Functionality may be added or deleted from the block diagrams and operations may be interchanged among functional blocks. Steps may be added or deleted to methods described within the scope of the present engine design.

[001031 Although the engine design has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the engine design may be embodied in many other forms.

Industrial Applicability

[001041 It is apparent from the above, that the arrangements described are applicable to the internal combustion engine design and manufacturing industries.

Citation

[001051 There are hundreds of papers, books relating to construction, research, innovations, scope and studying about different kinds of internal combustion engines. All engines of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 cylinders and so on have their unique markets and are keeping on their improvements for trying to hold their shares of market if not growing. Now people concerns about climate change, carbon neutral, carbon zero and sustainable environment. It needs time for people to overcome the difficulties for using friendly fuel as hydrogen, biofuel, ethanol, methane, and some more under investigation. But in our near future, it is unrealistic to waive internal combustion engine and liquid fuel, especially in transport industry.

[001061 "The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines" by Felix Leacha, Gautam Kalghatgia, Richard Stonea PaulMilesb publish on June 2020 said: "...so that 85-90% of transport energy is expected to come from conventional liquid fuels powering combustion engines even by 2040." in the paper.

[001071 Improving of internal combustion engine is an eternal motivation of all manufacturers. They have magnificent achievements on hybrid, turbo-charge, cylinder deactivation, exhaust gas recirculation, advance diesel engine, clean diesel, gasoline direct injection, electronic fuel

21 (21 pages specification newly amended on 03/08/2023 confirmed)

injection and so on. Present engine design is a fresh approach to present an innovation for improvement on cylinder and piston, whereas it comprises advantages of 1 cylinder and four cylinder engines

[001081 "What Are Two Advantages Of Using A Single Cylinder Engine?" and

[001091 "What Are Two Advantages Of Using A Multiple Cylinder Engine?" by McNally Institute.

[001101 At the same time, present engine design try to avoid shortcomings of them and applicable to all combination of cylinders as from one to its any multiple. When a true friendly liquid fuel comes in market from mass production, it would be a good partner of present engine design to be the most sustainable and friendly energy production machine.

Claims

Application number: 2022202887 Date:28th June, 2023. (03 August, 2023 pages re-numbered)

Claims: (new and replace all previous claims) 1/ An internal combustion engine provided at least one engine cylinder includes said cylinder describes as an outer-first-original cylinder with an inner-second cylinder with their own different cylinder heads and cylinder cavities separated into first and second combustion chambers in alternate combustions of normal four stroke cycle engine operation, therein, - said inner-second cylinder includes continuous reciprocating linear motion between two cylinder heads by combustions continuously inside and outside of its reciprocating second cylinder body. - said inner-second cylinder includes a second piston with cylinder head apparatus situates permanently at the open end of outer cylinder and allowing inner cylinder reciprocating between this second piston circular circumference and internal wall of outer cylinder. - said outer and inner cylinder includes their different fuel intake apparatuses taking in fuel into their respective cylinder cavities constructing a fuel stream current pushing off emission to exhaustion outlet without mixing with each other between two strokes of engine operation. - said fuel in-taking system includes an in and out gaseous running system enable the said outer and inner cylinders can replace their emission by fresh fuel in moment between two engine strokes respectively. - said internal combustion engine includes a moveable second cylinder with second piston, and second cylinder head running fresh fuel replacing emission system fulfils four strokes engine cycle in one single stroke. - said second piston includes a permanent position within second cylinder with apparatus of fuel intake and emission exhaustion as conventional cylinder head. - said second piston includes a permanent cage to support its permanent position standing on extended engine block, - said two engine cylinders are running combustions continuously and consecutively within their combustion chambers for processes of Otto Cycle for power production in each single stroke in setting of one cylinder embracing the other one as one cylinder engine or multiple of it as dual cylinder or cylinders in engine operation.
2. The engine according to claim 1, therein said first cylinder head includes a construction of protrusion part bulged from the cylinder head towards combustion chamber used to separate fresh fuel coming into cavity without mixing with emission, therein said first cylinder head includes an operation of a fuel inlet opening for fresh fuel refill right after opening of an exhaustion outlet constructing a fuel refilling current to replace emission by fresh fuel in the combustion chamber operating simultaneously.
3. The engine according to claim 1, therein said second piston includes a construction of the protrusion part bulged from second piston towards the second combustion chamber used to separate fresh fuel coming into the cavity without mixing with emission, therein second cylinder head on said second piston includes an operation of a fuel inlet opening for fresh fuel refill right after opening of exhaustion outlet constructing a fuel refilling current to replace emission by fresh fuel in the second combustion chamber operating simultaneously.
4/ An internal combustion engine in claim 1, therein said second cylinder or cylindrical element of circumference smaller than first cylinder includes a number of casted horizontal bands and vertical stripes around cylinder body to strengthen its strength to resist explosion expansion, vibration and resonance without touching with any part of first cylinder during combustions and reciprocations except first piston on top.
/ An internal combustion engine in claim 1, therein said second cylinder or cylindrical element includes concave rollers built on the open end of second cylinder for touching with each column of supporting cage during reciprocation, therein said open end of second cylinder includes a short band tied on outside to reinforce the holding force on the shape of cylinder and position of rollers during reciprocation of second cylinder.
6. An internal combustion engine in claim 1, therein the said supporting cage of circumference smaller than second cylinder includes top ring for resting of second piston, bottom ring for erection on engine block, and columns or walls in between two rings strong enough to resist combustion power from second piston with enough rooms between two rings high enough for reciprocation of first piston with second cylinder without touching any apparatus of fuel inlet and emission exhaustion that are to go through under the second piston.

[Dual Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine]

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[Dual Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine]

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[Dual Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine]

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19 21 22

23 22

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[Dual Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine]

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28

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31 32 19 19 30 32

33 31

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29 34

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[Dual Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine]

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16 Fig.
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16 27 26

Fig.
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