AU2021261842A1 - Disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2021261842A1 AU2021261842A1 AU2021261842A AU2021261842A AU2021261842A1 AU 2021261842 A1 AU2021261842 A1 AU 2021261842A1 AU 2021261842 A AU2021261842 A AU 2021261842A AU 2021261842 A AU2021261842 A AU 2021261842A AU 2021261842 A1 AU2021261842 A1 AU 2021261842A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- eggshell
- disposable
- eco
- friendly material
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 273
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 272
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 272
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010096 film blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940012466 egg shell membrane Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 20
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004629 polybutylene adipate terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004630 polybutylene succinate adipate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polybutylene adipate terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000252 konjac Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004628 starch-based polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003179 starch-based polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019823 konjac gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UVCJGUGAGLDPAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ensulizole Chemical compound N1C2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UVCJGUGAGLDPAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920009537 polybutylene succinate adipate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 45
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 45
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000270722 Crocodylidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000272534 Struthio camelus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 206010064097 avian influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N desomorphine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C3=C2[C@]24CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]4O3 LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 244000247812 Amorphophallus rivieri Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001206 Amorphophallus rivieri Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100029469 WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710097421 WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920013724 bio-based polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIHJEJFQQFQLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O NIHJEJFQQFQLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/21—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using organic binders or matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K11/00—Use of ingredients of unknown constitution, e.g. undefined reaction products
- C08K11/005—Waste materials, e.g. treated or untreated sewage sludge
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
- Packaging Frangible Articles (AREA)
Abstract
DISPOSABLE EGGSHELL ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIAL AND
MANUFACTURING METHOD
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and
manufacturing method are disclosed. The disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material, for volume ratio, includes 50%-80% of
calcined eggshell powder, 10%-48% of biodegradable polymer,
1%-5% of natural degradation agent, and 1%-5% of natural
binding agent, which are subjected to a mixing and stirring
step according to such ratios, and then subjected to a
pelletizing step to be first prepared as a plurality of
disposable eggshell eco-friendly material pellets, and the
disposable eggshell eco-friendly material pellets being then
subjected to a shaping and forming step by means of one of
film blowing, extruding, vacuum forming, bottle blowing,
injecting, and drawing, to obtain a disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product that is disposed of after one
time of use, showing properties of being non-toxicant contact
for human body and food, water resistance, bacterium
resistance, fast degradation, anddegradation ofone-time-use
disposition and burying, soil composted as being fertilizing,
to thereby achieving recycled use of waste eggshell and
natural degradation after being disposed of after one time
use, and being of greening and reusability.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method, and in particular to a disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method that uses a plastic-reduction eco-friendly substitute substance and contains calcinedwaste eggshell powder and a biodegradable polymer for fabrication as substitute of disposable plastic product and natural degradation after being disposed, and recycled and regenerated for use.
2. The Related Arts
[0002] Disposable plastic products for one time use, such as personal hygiene and cleaning devices of disposable toothbrush and comb or one time use dental mirror, hook, and forceps for dental treatment, or personalepidemicprevention of medical oral mask and N95 mask, or disposable dinning utensils of chopsticks, knives, forks, spoons, and drinking straw that have been consumed in an even large quantity, require the consumption of a large amount of plastics. In addition to being not in compliance with global environmental trends of plastic reduction, the large amount of one-time-use disposable plastic products, if not properly recycled, would be disposed of to create a large amount of waste. In view of the fabrication cost and the characteristics of one time use of such plastic products, attention has been rarely placed on natural degradation or decomposition. Even being made degradable, the plastics material is still consumed with such a large quantity, so that in addition to the high material cost, no effective degradation could be realized for an effect of protection of soil, and further, the known disposable plastic products, when disposed in a large amount as accumulation of waste, could occupy a large area of the land, and the large amount of plastic waste may cause damage to the pH value of the soil, hygiene of the environment, and the soil itself, eventually leading to catastrophe that is of no way to recover. Incineration, if being taken into consideration for suchissues, mayeasily generate alarge amount of toxicant gas and carbon dioxide, and also require installation of a large number of incinerators, in combination with air pollution processing measures, all these leading to an increased cost for incineration. In addition, the toxicant gases generated by the incinerators may lead to shortening of the service life of the incinerator due to corrosion of boils and piping, this being a major reason for significant reduction oflifespan of an incinerator, makingit uneconomic.
This is an issue that must be overcome for practical
application.
[0003] In addition, edible eggs, such as chicken eggs, duck
eggs, and goose eggs, are commonly eaten as food by a large
quantity and provide a rich supply of protein to human beings.
However, after the edible eggs are generally broken and opened
for consuming yolk and protein contained inside, or after
other eggs that are not traditionally considered edible, such
as ostrich eggs and crocodile eggs, have been hatched, would
create a waste of the eggshell, and such remaining of eggshell
is disposed abundantly, leading to issues of environmental
hygiene for a large number of flies and insects would gather
around and breed for consuming the residue of protein and egg membrane, and further, this creates an environmental issues of transportation and accumulation of a large amount of garbage.
[0004] Further, for related prior patent documents, US
Patent Application Publication US20140323616 discloses
EGGSHELL POWDER COMPOSITIONS", in which a technique related
to a composition of mixture of eggshell powder and polymer.
As recited in paragraphs [0011]-[0012] of thepatent document,
the mixture of the eggshell powder and the polymer is carried
out as being set in an environment of low temperature and high
gas flow rate to pulverize the eggshell to a desired particle
size and to remove an inner membrane from the eggshell. To
ensure sanitary and disinfection of the eggshell powder, a
complicated process of disinfection and sterilization must
be carried out on the eggshell first and this makes the process
of manufacturing the composition very complicated and also
adds an extra amount of cost, making it uneconomic. Further,
if there is any error or incorrectness occurring in the
precedent process of disinfection and sterilization of the
eggshell, it may make products made of the composition of
mixture of eggshell powder and polymer carrying or
contaminated by bacteria, because during the manufacturing
process of the eggshell powder or the combination of the
eggshell powder and polymer, due to possible existence of
viruses and bacteria, such as colon bacillus or bird flu virus,
on the eggshellitself, contaminating machinery for injecting
operations may occurs. This makes it not suitable for making
the above-mentioned one-time-use disposable personalhygiene
and cleaning devices, such as toothbrush and comb, or
one-time-use disposable dental mirror, hook, forceps for
dental treatment, or medical oral masks and N95 masks for
personal epidemic prevention, or the even large quantity of dinning utensils of disposed chopsticks, knives, forks, and drinking straws, which require severe sterilization. This would impose a significant constraint to the application of such products and lowers the economic value thereof.
[0005] Further, Japan Patent Publication No. 3085554
teaches a similar technique that adds an eggshell assisting
substance in such a composition to enhance the strength of
a product. For example, the Japan patent document teaches,
in paragraph [0010], to enhance the strength of a product,
a residual material that is obtained after a primary
ingredient and/or an effective component of the raw material
of food and beverage, mixture with assisting substances, such
as grain powder, cellulose, insoluble minerals, seasonings,
slat, bone powder, shellfishes, and eggshell also provides
a formed product of the present invention. Similar to the
previous US patent, the eggshell is directed added into the
eggshell assisting substances at a regular temperature or a
low temperature, and in addition to the above-mentioned issue
ofincreasing cost ofdisinfection and sterilization and being
hard for complete sterilization, such a formed product also
suffers the issue that if there is any error or incorrectness
occurring in the precedent process of disinfection and
sterilization of the eggshell, it may make products made of
the composition of mixture of eggshell powder and polymer
carrying or contaminated by bacteria, because during the
manufacturing process of the eggshell powder or the
combination of the eggshell powder and polymer, due to
possible existence of viruses and bacteria, such as colon
bacillus or bird flu virus, on the eggshell itself,
contaminating machinery for injecting operations may occurs.
This makes it not suitable for making the above-mentioned
one-time-use disposable personalhygiene and cleaning devices,
such as toothbrush and comb, or one-time-use disposable dental mirror, hook, forceps for dental treatment, or medical oral masks and N95 masks for personal epidemic prevention, or the even large quantity ofdinningutensils ofdisposed chopsticks, knives, forks, and drinking straws, which require severe sterilization. This wouldimpose a significant constraint to the application of suchproducts and lowers the economicvalue thereof.
[0006] Further, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101209112B
teaches an eggshell calcium oxide powder, a manufacturing
method and an application thereof, which provides a method
for producing eggshell powder and applications to effects of
resisting pesticide residue and disinfection, preservation,
and fresh-keeping for food. For example, the Chinese patent
teaches, in paragraph [0006], the present invention is
provided to overcome the insufficiency of the known techniques
by providing an eggshell calcium oxide powder, such an
eggshell calcium oxide powder showing effect of disinfection,
preservation, and fresh-keeping, and also helping remove
residue of pesticides from the surface of vegetables and
fruits, leaving no residue of toxicity that damages human body
health. And, a similar description is also recited in
paragraphs [0053]-[0054], and paragraphs [0061]-[0062]
provide a description concerning applications of food
sterilization and suppression of bacteria. However, the
prior Chinese patent does not disclose applications and
techniques concerning. Further, combination of the minute
powdery form eggshell power having a small diameter with the
thermoplastic materials that are available in the market is
hard or impossible for a skilled artisan to achieve by
consulting the prior art document. The prior Chinese patent
document does not provide solution of the above problems
concerning environmental protection and hygiene that actual
applications of the above-discussed one-time-use disposable personal hygiene and cleaning devices, such as toothbrush and comb, or one-time-use disposable dentalmirror, hook, forceps for dental treatment, or medical oral masks and N95 masks for personal epidemic prevention, or the even large quantity of dinning utensils of disposed chopsticks, knives, forks, and drinking straws may cause.
[0007] In addition, Taiwan Utility Model No. M592699
provides a biodegradable green biomaterial environmental
protection drinking straw, which teaches a one-time-use
environmental protection drinking straw structure for
drinking straws. A composition generally includes maritime
inorganic power made of shellfish shells, together with a
bio-based polymer, to form a degradable green biological
environmental protection drinking straw. The source of the
maritime inorganic power made of shellfish shells is the
shellfishes, which may not be easily available, and generally
depends on the growth rate and growth season, and may just
have a limited supply. Further, the process of washing
treatment is hard, requiring throughout washing and
disinfecting. Further, the maritime creatures have very hard
shells, requiring an extended period of time for grinding,
consuming a large amount of energy, leading to an excessively
high processing cost, and eventually making such a maritime
creature inorganic power extremely high in manufacturing cost,
making it uneconomic. Further, this utility model requires
a great consumption of a large number of maritime creatures
of shellfishes, and this may potentially destruct the ecology
and environment of the ocean, making it not suit for industrial
development.
[0008] The above-mentioned one-time-use disposable
personal hygiene and cleaning devices, such as toothbrush and
comb, or one-time-use disposable dentalmirror, hook, forceps
for dental treatment, or medical oral masks and N95 masks for
personal epidemic prevention, or the even large quantity of
dinning utensils of disposed chopsticks, knives, forks, and
drinking straws and the prior patent documents discussed above
all surfer potential issues concerning creation of a large
amount of plastic garbage and damage to the environment and
ecology of the soil.
[0009] Thus, the primary objective of the present invention
is to provide a disposable eggshell eco-friendly material,
which comprises, for volume ratio, 50%-80% of calcined
eggshell powder, 10%-48% of biodegradable polymer, 1%-5% of
naturaldegradation agent, and1%-5% ofnaturalbindingagent,
which are subjected a mixing and stirring step according to
the ratio, and then subjected to a pelletizing step to be first
prepared as a plurality of disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material pellets, and the disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material pellets being then subjected to a shaping and forming
stepbymeans ofone offilmblowing, extruding, vacuumforming,
bottle blowing, injecting, and drawing, to obtain a disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material product that is disposed of
after one time of use, so as to form a disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product showing properties of being
non-toxicant contact forhumanbody and food, water resistance,
bacterium resistance, fast degradation, and degradation of
one-time-use disposition and burying, soil composted as being
fertilizing.
[0010] Further, in the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the calcined
eggshell powder is selected as an eggshell powder that is
subjected to high temperature calcination in a heating rotary
kiln of 800°C-1000°C for 30 minutes to 60 minutes under a
condition that nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 100-300
ml/min and has a mesh number of 400 mesh and an average particle
size of 5.236 micrometers (pm) and a maximum particle size
less than 35.316 micrometers.
[0011] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the
biodegradable polymer is selected as one or a combined polymer
of two or three of polylactic acid (PLA), poly-butylene
succinate (PBS) poly-butylene succinate adipate (PBSA),
polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactide
aliphatic polyester copolymer (CPLA), polycaprolactone (PCL),
polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), starch-based polymer, cellulose
acetate, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH),
aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer, and aliphatic
polyester.
[0012] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the natural
degradation agent is selected as being made of an eggshell
membrane.
[0013] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the eggshell
membrane of the natural degradation agent contains 20% of
water, 70% of protein, and 10% of ash.
[0014] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the protein
of the eggshell membrane of the natural degradation agent has a primary ingredient comprising approximately 70-75% of membrane protein, which has a structure formed by connecting linear structures with lysine, and a remaining portion of the protein is formed of 10% of collagen and 15%-20% of glycoprotein.
[0015] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the eggshell
membrane of the natural degradation agent is taken as dried
eggshell membrane powder obtained from waste eggshell that
is subjected to hydrolysis and extraction, allowing complete
recycling of eggshell waste, and also making use of a
degradation enhancing property of the natural protein of the
eggshell membrane powder to increase biodegradation rate.
[0016] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the natural
binding agent is selected as one or a combination of at least
two of agarose, carrageenan, seaweed gum, Arabic gum, guar
gum, and konjac gum to bonding between the eggshell powder
and the biodegradable polymer.
[0017] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the natural
binding agent comprises a plant gum, which assists fusion or
combination between the calcined eggshell powder and the
biodegradable polymer.
[0018] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material of the present invention, the natural
binding agent comprises a dry powder, which assists fusion
or combination between the calcined eggshell powder and the
biodegradable polymer.
[0019] A disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to the present invention
comprises the following steps:
[0020] (A) material mixing and stirring, inwhich, forvolume
ratio, calcined eggshell powder of 50%-80%, a biodegradable
polymer of 10%-48%, a natural degradation agent of 1%-5%, and
a natural binding agent of 1%-5% are uniformly mixed and
stirred;
[0021] (B) preparation for pelletizing, in which the
material that has been subjected to material mixing and
stirring in Step (A) is subjected to extrusion pelletizing
treatment to prepare a plurality of disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material pellets;
[0022] (C) shaping and forming, the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material pellets prepared in Step (B) is
subjected to treatment of one of film blowing, extruding,
vacuum forming, bottle blowing, injecting, and drawing at a
temperature of 110°C-180°C; and
[0023] (D) forming of disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material, in which after the treatment of the shaping and
forming step of Step (C), a disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material product is formed.
[0024] Further, in the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the calcined eggshell powder of Step (A) is
selected as an eggshell powder that is subjected to high
temperature calcination in a heating rotary kiln of
800OC-1000°C for 30 minutes to 60 minutes under a condition
that nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 100-300 ml/min and
has a mesh number of 400 mesh and an average particle size of 5.236 micrometers and a maximum particle size less than
35.316 micrometers.
[0025] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the biodegradable polymer of Step (A) is selected
as one or a combined polymer of two or three of polylactic
acid (PLA), poly-butylene succinate (PBS) poly-butylene
succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate
(PBAT), polylactide aliphatic polyester copolymer (CPLA),
polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA),
starch-based polymer, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate
(PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), aliphatic-aromatic
polyester copolymer, and aliphatic polyester.
[0026] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the natural degradation agent of Step (A) is
selected as an eggshell membrane.
[0027] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the eggshell membrane of the natural degradation
agent of Step (A) contains 20% of water, 70% of protein, and
% of ash.
[0028] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the protein of the eggshell membrane of the natural
degradation agent of Step (A) has a primary ingredient
comprising approximately 70-75% of membrane protein, which
has a structure formed by connecting linear structures with
lysine, and a remaining portion of the protein is formed of
% of collagen and 15%-20% of glycoprotein.
[0029] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the eggshell membrane of the natural degradation
agent of Step (A) is taken as dried eggshell membrane powder
obtained from waste eggshell that is subjected to hydrolysis
and extraction.
[0030] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the natural binding agent of Step (A) is selected
as one or a combination of at least two of agarose, carrageenan,
seaweed gum, Arabic gum, guar gum, and konjac gum.
[0031] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the natural binding agent of Step (A) comprises
a plant gum.
[0032] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the natural binding agent of Step (A) comprises
a dry powder.
[0033] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, a step of preparing the calcined eggshell powder
in Step (A) comprises:
[0034] (Al) eggshell waster washing and sterilizing, in
which an outside surface and an interior of an eggshell
selected from wastes is subjected to washing with water and
sterilizing treatment;
[0035] (A2) drying treatment, in which the eggshell that has been subjected to the washing treatment in Step (Al) is subjected to drying at a temperature of 110OC-150OC;
[0036] (A3) grinding and sieving, in which the eggshell that has been subjected to the drying treatment in Step (A2) is placed in a grinding machine for pulverizing and grinding into powder and is then subjected to sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain to obtain primitive eggshell powder;
[0037] (A4) calcinating treatment, in which the primitive eggshell powder that has been subjected to the grinding and sieving treatment in Step (A3) is placed in a heating rotary kiln, and the heating rotary kiln is operated at operation conditions of nitrogen flow rate being controlled at 100-300 ml/min, 800°C-1000°C, a rotational speed of2-4RPM, and a time period of 30 minutes to 60 minutes for carrying out calcinating treatment; and
[0038] (A5) forming eggshell powder in white powder form, in which calcined eggshell powder product in the form of white powder is obtained after the step of calcinating treatment in Step (A4), having an average particle size of 5.236 micrometers and a maximum particle size less than 35.316 micrometers.
[0039] In the above-described disposable eggshell eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present invention, eggshell waster washing and sterilizing of Step (Al) of the step of preparing the calcined eggshell powder in Step (A) is carried out by having the eggshell powder that that has been subjected to 800°C-1000°C calcination is mixed with fresh water, a concentration of 0.1-10g/1000ml being taken for washing and sterilizing of the eggshell.
[0040] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the eggshell of Step (Al) of the step of preparing
the calcined eggshell powder in Step (A) is selected as an
eggshell of a poultry egg.
[0041] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the eggshell of Step (Al) of the step of preparing
the calcined eggshell powder in Step (A) is selected as an
eggshell of a non-poultry egg.
[0042] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the eggshell of Step (Al) of the step of preparing
the calcined eggshell powder in Step (A) is handled with an
automatic egg opening machine to automatically separate
contents of the egg and the eggshell.
[0043] In the above-described disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method of the present
invention, the step of preparation for pelletizing in Step
(B) comprises extrusion pelletizing treatment performed with
a dual-screw extruder.
[0044] The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and
manufacturing method according to the present invention use
eggshells that have been disposed of at an extremely large
quantity and are easily accessible as a main raw material,
and through steps of mixing of calcined eggshell powder, a
biodegradable polymer, a natural degradation agent, and a
natural binding agent, stirring, pelletizing, and forming to
form a product based on recycled use of the large quantity
of waste resources. Particularly, the eggshell, after being
subjected to calcination at a temperature of 800°C-1000°C, forms the calcined eggshell powder, which itself has an excellent property of bacterium resistance, and once mixed with the above-mentioned biodegradable polymer, natural degradation agent, and natural binding agent, is subjected to pelletizing to form disposable eggshell eco-friendly material pellets, which is subjected to treatment of one of the forming operations of film blowing, extruding, vacuum forming, bottle blowing, injecting, and drawing to make one-time-use disposable personal hygiene and cleaning tools of toothbrush and comb, or dental tools of one time use of forceps, hook, and mirror for medical treatment use, or nonwoven fabric or melt-blown nonwoven fabric material for use in medical oral mask and N95 mask for personal epidemic prevention purposes, or even dinning utensils of disposable chopsticks, knives, forks, spoons, and drinking straws that have been consumed in an even large quantity, so that during the one time use of such products, providing use for food contact, personal hygiene and cleaning, medical treatment, and epidemic prevention, providing a natural bacterium resisting effect, without adding disinfectant, and such one-time-use disposable products, when disposed in soil after the use thereof, could accelerate automatic degradation to turn into almost organic calcium carbonate as a natural organic fertilizer for fertilizing the soil, preventing the soilenvironment frombeing contaminated and damaged, and also help fertilize the soil, reducing the amount of accumulated garbage and protecting the environment, and further, the raw material of the calcined eggshell powder can be mixed with fresh water to make a natural disinfection cleaning solution for washing and cleaning the waste eggshell to prove a use of disinfection and sterilization of the eggshell, making it possible to eliminate the use of chemical disinfectant. And, further, a product so made exhibits an excellent property of water resistance, providing disposable chopsticks, knives, forks, spoons, and drinking straws, which are dinningutensils that have been consumed in an extremely large quantity, with improved water resistance and toughness, in order to ensure such dinning utensils, after being used for a period of time, could maintain usability as being not softened even being soaked in water, thereby improving reliability and quality of such disposed products, and further eliminating the long unsolved problems and drawbacks of the known one-time-use products and those of the above-mentioned patent documents, and further helping preserve the environmental protection and natural ocean ecology, providing a solution for the large quantity of eggshell that have been long unsolved, to thereby further enhance the industrial value and economic value of the present invention.
[0045] FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method according to the
present invention;
[0046] FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing preparation of calcined
eggshell powder in the disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material manufacturing method according to the present
invention;
[0047] FIG. 3 shows first application examples ofdisposable
eggshell eco-friendly material products according to the
present invention;
[0048] FIG. 4 shows second application examples of
disposable eggshell eco-friendly materialproducts according
to the present invention;
[0049] FIG. 5 shows third application examples ofdisposable
eggshell eco-friendly material products according to the
present invention;
[0050] FIG. 6 shows fourth application examples of
disposable eggshell eco-friendly materialproducts according
to the present invention;
[0051] FIG. 7 is a magnified photo of a surface of the
disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according to the
present invention taken with an electron microscope;
[0052] FIG. 8 is a magnified photo of a cross section of the
disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according to the
present invention taken with an electron microscope;
[0053] FIG. 9 is a photo showing environmental
biodegradation in the field for forks and drinking straws of
the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products
according to the present invention;
[0054] FIG. 10 is a photo showing 30-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the forks and drinking straws
of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products
according to the present invention;
[0055] FIG. 11 is a photo showing 60-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the forks and drinking straws
of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products
according to the present invention;
[0056] FIG. 12 is a photo showing 90-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the forks and drinking straws
of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products
according to the present invention;
[0057] FIG. 13 is a photo showing 120-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the forks and drinking straws
of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products
according to the present invention;
[0058] FIG. 14 is a photo showing 150-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the forks and drinking straws
of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products
according to the present invention;
[0059] FIG. 15 shows a biodegradation percentage curve of
the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product
according to the present invention;
[0060] FIG. 16 is a photo showing environmental
biodegradation in the field for a nonwoven fabric layer
material of a medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product according to the present
invention;
[0061] FIG. 17 is a photo showing 30-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the nonwoven fabric layer
material of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product according to the present
invention;
[0062] FIG. 18 is a photo showing 60-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the nonwoven fabric layer
material of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product according to the present
invention;
[0063] FIG. 19 is a photo showing 90-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the nonwoven fabric layer
material of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product according to the present invention; and
[0064] FIG. 20 is a photo showing 120-day environmental
biodegradation in the field for the nonwoven fabric layer
material of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product according to the present
invention.
[0065] The present invention provides a disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material, which comprises, in volume ratio,
calcined eggshell powder of 50%-80%, a biodegradable polymer
of10%-48%, a naturaldegradation agent of 1%-5%, and a natural
binding or adhesive agent of 1%-5% that are subjected to a
mixing and stirring step at such ratios, followed by a
pelletizing step to make a plurality of disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material pellets, and then, the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material pellets are subjected to a
shaping and forming step by means of one of film blowing, extruding, vacuum forming, bottle blowing, injecting, and
drawing to obtain disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
product 100-200 (as shown in FIGS. 3-6).
[0066] The above-mentioned calcined eggshell powder is
selected as an eggshell powder that is subjected to high
temperature calcination in a heating rotary kiln of
800OC-1000°C for 30 minutes to 60 minutes under the condition
that nitrogen flow rate is controlled to be 100-300 ml/min,
showing a mesh number of 400 mesh and an average particle size
or particle diameter being 5.236 micrometers and the maximum
particle size or particle diameter less than 35.316
micrometers.
[0067] The above-mentioned biodegradable polymer is
selected as one or a combined polymer of two or three of
polylactic acid (PLA), poly-butylene succinate (PBS)
poly-butylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate
terephthalate (PBAT), polylactide aliphatic polyester
copolymer (CPLA), polycaprolactone (PCL),
polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), starch-based polymer, cellulose
acetate, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH),
aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer, and aliphatic
polyester.
[0068] The above-mentioned natural degradation agent is
selected as an eggshell membrane. The eggshell membrane of
the natural degradation agent contains 20% of water, 70% of
protein, and 10% of ash, and further, the protein contained
in the eggshell membrane of the natural degradation agent has
a primary ingredient of around 70-75% of membrane protein,
ofwhich a structure is formed by connecting linear structures
with lysine, and a remaining portion of the protein is formed
of 10% of collagen and 15%-20% of glycoprotein, and further,
the eggshell membrane of the natural degradation agent is
taken as dried eggshell membrane powder obtained from waste
eggshell that is subjected to hydrolysis and extraction, so
that in addition to complete recycling of eggshell waste, the
degradation enhancing property of the natural protein of the
eggshell membrane powder can be used to increase
biodegradation rate.
[0069] The above-mentioned natural binding agent is
selected as one or a combination of at least two of agarose,
carrageenan, seaweed gum, Arabic gum, guar gum, and konjac
gum to assist bonding or adhesion between the eggshell powder
and the biodegradable polymer, and further, in case that the
natural binding agent is in the form of dry powder, assistance can be achieved for fusion or combination between the calcined eggshell powder and the biodegradable polymer, and in case that the natural binding agent is in the form of a plant gum, assistance can also be achieved for fusion or combination between the calcined eggshell powder and the biodegradable polymer.
[0070] Referring to FIG. 1, which is a flow chart showing
a disposable eggshell eco-friendly material manufacturing
method according to the present invention, the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material manufacturing method
comprises Steps 10-40, wherein:
[0071] (10) material mixing and stirring, in which, for
volume ratio, calcined eggshell powder of 50%-80%, a
biodegradable polymer of10%-48%, a natural degradation agent
of 1%-5%, and a natural binding agent of 1%-5% are uniformly
mixed and stirred;
[0072] (20) preparation for pelletizing, in which the
material that has been subjected to material mixing and
stirring in Step (10) is subjected to extrusion pelletizing
treatment with a dual-screw extruder to prepare or make a
plurality of disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
pellets;
[0073] (30) shaping and forming, the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material pellets prepared in Step (20) is
subjected to treatment of one of film blowing, extruding,
vacuum forming, bottle blowing, injecting, and drawing at a
temperature of 110°C-180°C; and
[0074] (40) forming of disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material, in which after the treatment of the shaping and forming step of Step (30), a disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 100-200 is formed.
[0075] The above-discussed step of preparing the calcined
eggshell powder in Step (10) of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material manufacturing method according to the
present invention as shown in FIG. 1 comprises Steps 11-15,
wherein:
[0076] (11) eggshell waster washing and sterilizing, in
which an outside surface and an interior of an eggshell
selected from wastes is subjected to washing with water and
sterilizing treatment, wherein the way of obtaining the waste
eggshell is not limited, and in the present invention, an
eggshell of a poultry egg is taken as an example, while an
eggshell of a non-poultry egg, such as an ostrich egg and a
crocodile egg is also considered falling in the scope of the
present invention, and further, the eggshell is handled with
an automatic egg opening machine to automatically separate
the contents of the egg and the eggshell, and ways of water
washing and sterilizing of the eggshell are not limited, and
in the present invention, as an example, the eggshell powder
that has been subjected to 800°C-1000°C calcination is mixed
with fresh water, a concentration of 0.1-10g/1000ml being
taken for washing and sterilizing of the eggshell, in order
to effectively and cyclically use the eggshell powder itself
as a washing and sterilizing material for the surface and
interior of the eggshell;
[0077] (12) drying treatment, in which the eggshell that has
been subjected to the washing treatment in Step (11) is
subjected to drying at a temperature of 110°C-150°C;
[0078] (13) grinding and sieving, in which the eggshell that
has been subjected to the drying treatment in Step (12) is placed in a grinding machine for pulverizing and grinding into powder and is then subjected to sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain to obtain primitive eggshell powder;
[0079] (14) calcinating treatment, in which the primitive
eggshell powder that has been subjected to the grinding and
sieving treatment in Step (13) is placed in a heating rotary
kiln, and the heating rotary kiln is operated at operation
conditions of nitrogen flow rate being controlled at 100-300
ml/min, 800°C-1000°C, a rotational speed of2-4RPM, and a time
period of 30 minutes to 60 minutes for carrying out calcinating
treatment;
[0080] (15) forming eggshell powder in white powder form,
in which calcined eggshell powder product in the form of white
powder is obtained after the step of calcinating treatment
in Step (14), having an average particle size of 5.236
micrometers and a maximum particle size less than 35.316
micrometers.
[0081] Referring to FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6, first to fourth
application examples of disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material products 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180,
190, 200 manufactured with Steps 10-40 of the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material manufacturing method
according to the presentinvention as shownin FIG.1are shown,
wherein the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
products 100, 110, 120, 130 of the first application example
shownin FIG. 3 are personaldinningutensils including a fork,
chopsticks, a spoon, and a drinking straw, which are
one-time-use disposable products; the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material products 140, 150 of the second
application example shown in FIG. 4 are personal hygiene and
cleaning devices, including toothbrush and comb, which are one-time-use disposable products; the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products 160, 170, 180 of the third application example shown in FIG. 5 are personal dental instruments including forceps, hook, and mirror, which are one-time-use disposable products, among which the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 170, 180 of hook and mirror are provided to demonstrate application to a grip handle 171, 181; and the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products 190 and 200 of the fourth application example shown in FIG. 6 are for personal epidemic prevention, including a medical oral mask and an N95 mask, which are one-time-use disposable products, a specific embodiment of the two being a nonwoven fabric layer or a melt-blown nonwoven fabric material layer (not shown). The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material products 100-200 of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 3-6 may have applications other than the above-mentioned personal dinning utensils of fork, chopsticks, spoon, and drinking straw, personal hygiene and cleaning tools of toothbrush and comb, personal dental instruments of forceps, hook, and mirror, and personal epidemic prevention of medical oral mask and N95 mask, and all types of one-time-use disposable products that are put in contact or non-contact with human bodies are considered failing in the scope of the present invention.
[0082] Referring further to FIGS. 7 and 8, photos obtained
as being magnified by 500 times with an electron microscope,
showing a surface and a cross section of a drinking straw of
the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130
manufactured with the above-discussed Steps 10-Steps 40 of
the present invention, and it can be seen that the surface
and the cross section of the drinking straw of the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the
present invention have a compact and tight structure, showing the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present invention possess properties of being tougher and more water-resistant than a known paper-made drinking straw that is made of pulp or paper, and in view of such, Applicant has requested a local packaging company, Yupack Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.,
Taiwan, to carry out tensile strength tests, in April29, 2020,
for the drinking straw of the disposable eggshelleco-friendly
material product 130 according to the present invention and
the known paper-made drinking straw of the same size (aperture
8mm x length 200mm), in which the drinking straw of the
disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130
according to the present invention and the known paper-made
drinking straw are both first soaked in water for 30 minutes
and are then subjected to tests for tensile strengths thereof
carried out with a tensile strength test machine, and the
result shows the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present
invention has a tensile strength of 13.086kgf/15mm, and the
known paper-made drinking straw has a tensile strength of only
3.181kgf/15mm, and it is apparent that the drinking straw of
the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130
according to the present invention, even being long soaked
in water, still demonstrates a better tensile strength,
meaning having bettered properties of toughness and water
resistance, and further, Applicant has requested another
local company, Applied Microtech Inc., Taiwan, to carry out
inspection of contact angle, by using Phoenix Smart contact
angle inspection machine, on the drinking straw of the
disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130
according to the present invention and the known paper-made
drinking straw having the same size (aperture 8mm x length
200mm), in order to identify water resistance value of the
two, in which the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present invention and the known paper-made drinking straw, before being soaked in water, are subjected to test and inspection for contact angle by using the above-mentioned contact angle inspection machine, and then, the two are soaked in water for minutes and then subjected to inspection of the contact angle values by using the above-mentioned contact angle inspection machine, and the result shows the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present invention demonstrates, both before and after being soaked in water for 10 minutes, values of contact angles that are respectively 74.44 and 68.48, while the known paper-made drinking straw demonstrates, before and after being soaked in water, values of contact angle that are respectively 116.2 and 24.44, meaning the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present invention does notmake a significant change of the contact angle before and after soaking in water, with only normal insignificant reduction, while the paper-made drinking straw, after being soaked in water, shows the value of contact angle being greatly reduced to an extremely low value of 24.22, this apparently indicating the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present invention actually possesses a better property of water resistance in practical applications.
[0083] Further, since the drinking straw of the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the
present invention may be commonly used by a user to suck liquid
or soup, Applicant has further requested SGS Taiwan Ltd to
carry out inspection for heavymetals and non-toxicity (Report
No. CV/2020/40107), in which inspections are carried out for
heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) and non-toxicity inspection for polybrominated biphenyl (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and halogens), both tests showing positive result forbeingnon-toxicant, and thisindicates the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present invention is safe for uses.
[0084] Referring further to FIGS. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and
, on-site field degradation tests are carried out on the
fork of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly materialproduct
100 and the drinking straw of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product 130 according to the present
invention, wherein FIGS. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and14 respectively
showphotos ofthe fork and the drinkingstrawofthe disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material products 100, 130 of the
present invention taken at the commencement of the field tests,
the 30th day of degradation, the 60th day of degradation, the
th day of degradation, the 120th day of degradation, and
the 150th day of degradation, respectively, and FIG. 13 shows
after degradation for120 days, the fork and the drinking straw
of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly materialproducts 100,
130 of the present invention reach a degradation percentage
of more than 90%; and FIG. 14 shows, after degradation for
150 days, degradation of almost 100% has been reached.
Further, a laboratory biodegradation experiment curve shown
in FIG. 15 indicates the drinking straw of the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 of the present
invention, after degradation of 120 days, shows a degradation
percentage as high as 96-97%, and may ensure bettering of the
soil environment and enhancing an effect of environmental
protection and greening and beautifying, and further,
assistance of accelerating growth of plants in the soil being
greatly increased, and a nonwoven fabric layer material of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 190 according to the present invention has been tested by SGS China, Guangzhou branch for verifying the result of degradation (Test Report No. GZCPCH190401165E-1), and degradation tests have been carried out according to GB/T
19275-2003 Plastic-evaluation of the biodegradation and
disintegration action of microorganisms 8.4 soil-burial test
(method C), performed at a regular temperature of 290C for
a duration of 28 days, and a result of level 5 has been proven
through the test of the nonwoven fabric layer material, the
highest level of microorganism growth, indicating in a
relatively short period of time, microorganisms from compost
soil may quickly spread around the nonwoven fabric layer
material for degradation, and further, in a period of
cultivation for 28 days, a result of degradation that a
reduction of 14.44% weight has been achieved for the
degradation, meaning in a regular temperature or a natural
environment temperature, the nonwoven fabric layer material
of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product 190 according to the present
invention requires no high temperature composting condition
to achieve a higher and faster rate of degradation in even
a natural environmental condition of regular temperature, and
similarly, as natural degradation in soil, the
above-discussed bettering of the soil environment and
greening and beautifying, and further, assistance of
accelerating growth of plants in the soil being achievable
similar to those of the drinking straw of the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material product 130 according to the
present invention.
[0085] Referring to FIGS. 16-20, on-site field degradation
tests are carried out on the nonwoven fabric layer material
of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 190 according to the present invention, wherein FIGS. 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 respectively show photos of the nonwoven fabric layer material of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 190 of the present invention taken at the commencement of the field tests, the 30th day of degradation, the 60th day, the 90th day of degradation, and the 120th day of degradation, and FIG. 19 shows after degradation for 90 days, the nonwoven fabriclayer material of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly material product 190 according to the present invention reaches a degradation percentage of more than 90%; and FIG. 20 shows, after degradation for 120 days, degradation of almost 100% has been reached, and this echoes and proves the above-mentioned result of laboratory degradation tests for the nonwoven fabric layer material of the medical oral mask of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly materialproduct
190 according to the present invention. Similarly, the other
examples of chopsticks, spoon, toothbrush, forceps, hook,
mirror, and N95 mask of the disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material product 110, 120, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 200
according to the present invention provide a similar result
of degradation and bettering of soil environment, and
enhancing of greening and beautifying, and further, providing
high assistance of accelerating growth of plants in the soil.
[0086] The above provides a disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material and manufacturing method according to
the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1-20, and the
disclosure and drawings so provided are for expounding and
illustrating the technical contents and technical solution
according to the present invention, and the illustrative
embodiments so provided are not intended to limit the scope
thereof, and further, minute or minor structuralmodification
or equivalent substitute of components of the present invention are considered all within the scope of the present invention that is defined solely by the appended claims.
Claims (25)
1. A disposable eggshell eco-friendly material, comprising,
for volume ratio, 50%-80% of calcined eggshell powder,
10%-48% of biodegradable polymer, 1%-5% of natural
degradation agent, and 1%-5% of natural binding agent,
which are subjected a mixing and stirring step according
to the ratio, and then subjected to a pelletizing step to
be first prepared as a plurality of disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material pellets, and the disposable
eggshell eco-friendly material pellets being then
subjected to a shaping and forming step by means of one
offilmblowing, extruding, vacuumforming, bottleblowing,
injecting, and drawing, to obtain a disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product that is disposed of after
one time of use.
2. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 1, wherein the calcined eggshell powder is
selected as an eggshell powder that is subjected to high
temperature calcination in a heating rotary kiln of
800OC-1000°C for 30 minutes to 60 minutes under a condition
that nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 100-300 ml/min
and has a mesh number of 400 mesh and an average particle
size of 5.236 micrometers and a maximum particle size less
than 35.316 micrometers.
3. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable polymer is selected
as one or a combined polymer of two or three of polylactic
acid (PLA), poly-butylene succinate (PBS) poly-butylene
succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate
terephthalate (PBAT), polylactide aliphatic polyester
copolymer (CPLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), starch-based polymer, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer, and aliphatic polyester.
4. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 1, wherein the natural degradation agent is
selected as being made of an eggshell membrane.
5. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 4, wherein the eggshell membrane of the natural
degradation agent contains 20% of water, 70% of protein,
and 10% of ash.
6. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 5, wherein the protein of the eggshell membrane
of the natural degradation agent has a primary ingredient
comprising approximately 70-75% of membrane protein,
which has a structure formed by connecting linear
structures with lysine, and a remaining portion of the
protein is formed of 10% of collagen and 15%-20% of
glycoprotein.
7. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 5, wherein the eggshell membrane of the natural
degradation agent is taken as dried eggshell membrane
powder obtained from waste eggshell that is subjected to
hydrolysis and extraction.
8. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 1, wherein the natural binding agent is selected
as one or a combination of at least two of agarose,
carrageenan, seaweed gum, Arabic gum, guar gum, and konjac
gum.
9. The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 1, wherein the natural binding agent comprises
a plant gum.
10.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material according
to claim 1, wherein the natural binding agent comprises
a dry powder.
11.Adisposable eggshelleco-friendly materialmanufacturing
method, comprising the following steps:
(A) material mixing and stirring, in which, for volume
ratio, calcined eggshell powder of 50%-80%, a
biodegradable polymer of 10%-48%, a natural degradation
agent of 1%-5%, and a natural binding agent of 1%-5% are
uniformly mixed and stirred;
(B) preparation for pelletizing, in which the material
that has been subjected to material mixing and stirring
in Step (A) is subjected to extrusion pelletizing treatment
to prepare aplurality ofdisposable eggshelleco-friendly
material pellets;
(C) shaping and forming, the disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material pellets prepared in Step (B) is
subjected to treatment of one of film blowing, extruding,
vacuumforming, bottleblowing, injecting, anddrawingat
a temperature of 110°C-180°C; and
(D) forming of disposable eggshell eco-friendly
material, in which after the treatment of the shaping and
forming step of Step (C), a disposable eggshell
eco-friendly material product is formed.
12.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the
calcined eggshell powder of Step (A) is selected as an
eggshell powder that is subjected to high temperature calcination in a heating rotary kiln of 800C-1000°C for
30 minutes to 60 minutes under a condition that nitrogen
flow rate is controlled at 100-300 ml/min and has a mesh
number of 400 mesh and an average particle size of 5.236
micrometers and a maximum particle size less than 35.316
micrometers.
13.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the
biodegradable polymer of Step (A) is selected as one or
acombinedpolymer oftwo or three ofpolylacticacid (PLA),
poly-butylene succinate (PBS) poly-butylene succinate
adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT),
polylactide aliphatic polyester copolymer (CPLA),
polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA),
starch-based polymer, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl
acetate (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH),
aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer, and aliphatic
polyester.
14.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the
natural degradation agent of Step (A) is selected as an
eggshell membrane.
15.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein the
eggshellmembrane of the naturaldegradation agent of Step
(A) contains 20% of water, 70% of protein, and 10% of ash.
16.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein the
protein ofthe eggshellmembrane ofthe naturaldegradation
agent of Step (A) has a primary ingredient comprising
approximately 70-75% of membrane protein, which has a structure formed by connecting linear structures with lysine, and a remaining portion of the protein is formed of 10% of collagen and 15%-20% of glycoprotein.
17.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein the
eggshellmembrane of the naturaldegradation agent of Step
(A) is taken as dried eggshell membrane powder obtained
from waste eggshell that is subjected to hydrolysis and
extraction.
18.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the
natural binding agent of Step (A) is selected as one or
a combination of at least two of agarose, carrageenan, seaweed gum, Arabic gum, guar gum, and konjac gum.
19.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the
natural binding agent of Step (A) comprises a plant gum.
20.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the
natural binding agent of Step (A) comprises a dry powder.
21.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim11, wherein a step
of preparing the calcined eggshell powder in Step (A)
comprises:
(Al) eggshell waster washing and sterilizing, in which
an outside surface and an interior of an eggshell selected
from wastes is subjected to washing with water and
sterilizing treatment;
(A2) drying treatment, in which the eggshell that has
been subjected to the washing treatment in Step (Al) is
subjected to drying at a temperature of 110OC-150OC;
(A3) grinding and sieving, in which the eggshell that
has been subjected to the drying treatment in Step (A2)
is placed in a grinding machine for pulverizing and
grinding into powder and is then subjected to sieving with
a 400-mesh sieve to obtain to obtain primitive eggshell
powder;
(A4) calcinating treatment, in which the primitive
eggshell powder that has been subjected to the grinding
and sieving treatment in Step (A3) is placed in a heating
rotary kiln, and the heating rotary kiln is operated at
operation conditions of nitrogen flow rate being
controlled at 100-300 ml/min, 800OC-1000°C, a rotational
speed of 2-4RPM, and a time period of 30 minutes to 60
minutes for carrying out calcinating treatment; and
(A5) forming eggshell powder in white powder form, in
which calcined eggshellpowder product in the form ofwhite
powder is obtained after the step of calcinating treatment
in Step (A4), having an average particle size of 5.236
micrometers and a maximum particle size less than 35.316
micrometers.
22.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 21, wherein
eggshell waster washing and sterilizing of Step (Al) of
the step of preparing the calcined eggshell powder in Step
(A) is carried out by having the eggshell powder that that
has been subjected to 800OC-1000°C calcination is mixed
with fresh water, a concentration of 0.1-10g/1000ml being
taken for washing and sterilizing of the eggshell.
23.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 21, wherein the
eggshell of Step (Al) of the step of preparing the calcined
eggshell powder in Step (A) is selected as an eggshell of
a poultry egg.
24.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 21, wherein the
eggshell of Step (Al) of the step of preparing the calcined
eggshell powder in Step (A) is handled with an automatic
egg opening machine to automatically separate contents of
the egg and the eggshell.
25.The disposable eggshell eco-friendly material
manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the
step of preparation for pelletizing in Step (B) comprises
extrusion pelletizing treatment performed with a
dual-screw extruder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021261842A AU2021261842A1 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | Disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021261842A AU2021261842A1 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | Disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2021261842A1 true AU2021261842A1 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
Family
ID=86325505
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021261842A Abandoned AU2021261842A1 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-01 | Disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2021261842A1 (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-11-01 AU AU2021261842A patent/AU2021261842A1/en not_active Abandoned
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Nilsen‐Nygaard et al. | Current status of biobased and biodegradable food packaging materials: Impact on food quality and effect of innovative processing technologies | |
| US11608429B2 (en) | Disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method | |
| Mathur | Composting processes | |
| Muneer et al. | Bioplastics from biopolymers: an eco-friendly and sustainable solution of plastic pollution | |
| Ramadhan et al. | The potential of food waste as bioplastic material to promote environmental sustainability: A review | |
| Debeaufort | Active biopackaging produced from by‐products and waste from food and marine industries | |
| Singh et al. | Vermicomposting of organic wastes by earthworms: Making wealth from waste by converting ‘garbage into gold’for farmers | |
| CN113597442A (en) | Process for producing biodegradable resin composition | |
| WO2017056102A1 (en) | Biodegradable plastic from non-edible natural polymer | |
| KR100854730B1 (en) | plastic pellet of nano silver anti bacteria and method thereof | |
| AU2021261842A1 (en) | Disposable eggshell eco-friendly material and manufacturing method | |
| JP7104058B2 (en) | Powder-containing composite non-biodegradable resin composition, antibacterial tableware and antibacterial packaging material | |
| AU2009323134B2 (en) | Method of biological soil decontamination | |
| JP2013078722A (en) | Treating method of organic matter such as garbage, producing method of fermentation product using the treating method, and bag-shaped container used for the treating method | |
| JP3398860B2 (en) | Biodegradable resin foam | |
| KR20110067477A (en) | Polymer compound for preparing eco friendly biodegradable plastics | |
| TWI768953B (en) | A film containing shell powder and application thereof | |
| Singh et al. | Impact of Agricultural Plastic Waste on the Environment | |
| JP2000041588A (en) | Method and apparatus for producing feed from leftover | |
| KR101402360B1 (en) | A manufacturing method of poultry feed additives using cattle excrement | |
| JP2015010217A (en) | Method for treating biodegradable resin product | |
| JPH11209514A (en) | Biodegradable starch resin admixed with medicinal plant consisting mainly of artemisia | |
| JP2002201087A (en) | Method of manufacturing fertilizer from organic garbage as raw material | |
| JP3223161U (en) | Container or bag for straw cultivation | |
| Bali et al. | Biodegradable Plastic from Non-Edible Natural Polymer |