AU2021242862A1

AU2021242862A1 - Method for producing plant-based fermented milk

Info

Publication number: AU2021242862A1
Application number: AU2021242862A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Naoya IKENAGA; Yuna OUE; Masanobu Yanagisawa
Original assignee: Fuji Oil Holdings Inc
Current assignee: Fuji Oil Holdings Inc
Priority date: 2020-03-26
Filing date: 2021-03-26
Publication date: 2022-10-13
Also published as: EP4129073A4; JP7268797B2; EP4129073A1; JPWO2021193890A1; KR20220158709A; CN115315188A; WO2021193890A1; US20230138276A1

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a plant-based fermented milk that is highly versatile regardless of the type of lactic acid bacteria and the status of production equipment and has little deterioration in flavor after fermentation, in view of such circumstances.　This method for producing a plant-based fermented milk is characterized by adding, to a ferment raw material containing lipid and a plant-based milk, 0.1-2% by weight of a protein hydrolyzate, containing at least 3% by weight of free amino acids, with respect to the solid content of the fermentation raw material, and subjecting the mixture to lactic acid fermentation.

Description

[TITLE OF INVENTION] METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLANT-BASED FERMENTED MILK

[Technical Field]

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for producing a plant-based fermented

milk.

[Background Art]

[0002]

Milk raw materials, such as cow's milk, fresh cream, and skim milk powder,

have a unique milk flavor and are thus preferred. Meanwhile, against the background

such as the increase in lifestyle-related diseases due to excessive intake of animal fats,

the increase in milk allergic patients due to excessive intake of milk products, the rise of

health consciousness, and soaring of prices of milk raw materials due to concerns about

supply shortages caused by a population increase, there is an increasing trend worldwide

to use plant-based raw materials that can be substituted for milk raw materials.

[0003]

Under such circumstances, as substitutes for milk-fermented foods such as

yogurt and cheese, soy milk-based fermented foods have been researched and developed

for some time, and a relatively large number of products thereof are also being sold on

the market. Moreover, recently, in addition to soy milk, products based on other

plant-based milks such as coconut milk and almond milk have also begun to be sold all

over the world, and the market for plant-based fermented milks has an expanding trend

worldwide.

[0004]

Meanwhile, in the case of lactic acid fermentation based on oil-containing

plant-based milks such as soy milk and coconut milk, a unique unpleasant deteriorated

odor is generated over time compared to fermented foods based on milk raw materials,

and even if the milk raw materials are partially replaced, the deteriorated flavor has a

great influence on the quality of the whole product. Plant-based milks may have a fresh

and favorable fermented flavor, like yogurt and cheese, immediately after fermenting the

plant-based milks, but the flavor may not be maintained, and the flavor may deteriorate

over time, or the flavor may deteriorate due to a heat sterilization treatment after

fermentation.

[0005]

In order to deal with such a problem, as described in, for example, Patent

Literature 1 to Patent Literature 4 and the like, an advanced manufacturing technique,

such as performing fermentation by combining specific lactic acid bacteria, performing

fermentation under anoxic conditions, or performing filling into a container with

extremely low oxygen permeability after fermentation, is required in the related art.

[Citation List]

[Patent Literature]

[0006]

[Patent Literature 1]

Japanese Patent No. 3307255

[Patent Literature 2]

Japanese Patent No. 3327155

[Patent Literature 3]

Japanese Patent No. 3498551

[Patent Literature 4]

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-75688

[Summary of Invention]

[Technical Problem]

[0007]

The generation of an unpleasant deteriorated odor can be suppressed to a certain

degree by the techniques of Patent Literature 1 to Patent Literature 4, but there was a

problem of lack of versatility due to various restrictions, such as not being applicable to

bacterial strains of specific lactic acid bacteria having a preferable physiological function,

and requiring a large investment in novel fermentation equipment.

[0008]

In view of such circumstances, the present invention addresses the problem of

providing a plant-based fermented milk that is highly versatile regardless of the type of

microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria, and the status of production equipment and

has little deterioration in flavor after fermentation.

[Solution to Problem]

[0009]

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the

problems can be solved by a method for producing a plant-based fermented milk by

inoculating a fermentation raw material, containing a plant-based milk and containing a

lipid with microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria or yeast, and subjecting the

resultant to fermentation such as lactic acid fermentation, wherein adding a specific

amount of a specific protein hydrolyzate can suppress the generation of an unpleasant

deteriorated odor while imparting a favorable fermented flavor, and have completed the

present invention.

[0010]

That is, the present invention relates to the following:

(1) a method for producing a plant-based fermented milk, the method

characterized by adding, to a fermentation raw material, containing a plant-based milk

and containing a lipid, 0.1 to 2% by weight of a protein hydrolyzate, containing at least

3% by weight of free amino acids, with respect to the solid content of the fermentation

raw material, and subjecting the mixture to fermentation;

(2) the production method described in (1), in which the lipid content in the

fermentation raw material is 5 to 80% by weight in the solid content;

(3) the production method described in (1) or (2), in which the fermentation is

lactic acid fermentation;

(4) the production method described in (1) or (2), in which the fermentation is

yeast fermentation;

(5) the production method described in any one of (1) to (4), in which the

fermentation is diacetyl-producing bacteria;

(6) a method for producing a food or beverage using the plant-based fermented

milk described in any one of (1) to (4) as a raw material;

(7) a method for producing a food or beverage using the plant-based fermented

milk described in (5) as a raw material;

(8) the method for producing a food or beverage described in (6), in which the

food or beverage is plant-based yogurt, lactic acid bacteria beverages, creams, ice creams,

cheese, butter, or margarine; and

(9) the method for producing a food or beverage described in (7), in which the

food or beverage is plant-based cheese or butter.

[Advantageous Effects of Invention]

[0011]

Using the specific peptide mixture, which is used in the present invention, as a

fermentation raw material for a plant-based fermented milk can suppress the generation

of a deteriorated odor over time after fermentation and impart a favorable fermented

flavor. Accordingly, the plant-based fermented milk used in the present invention has

an excellent flavor even without using the special techniques described in the

aforementioned known technique, and even if the type of lactic acid bacteria or yeast or

the production equipment, which is used in the production of fermented milk products or

fermented beverages, such as ordinary yogurt, lactic acid bacteria beverages, fermented

butter, and cheese, is used, a plant-based fermented milk having an excellent flavor

immediately after fermentation and excellent stability of the flavor over time can be

produced.

[Description of Embodiments]

[0012]

(Plant-based fermented milk)

The plant-based fermented milk in the present invention refers to a milk

obtained by subjecting a plant-based milk (emulsified liquid), which is obtained by using

a plant-based raw material as a basic raw material, to fermentation with microorganisms,

such as lactic acid fermentation. The product form may be a solid, pasty, or liquid

yogurt-like or cheese-like product. Here, the "plant-based" in the present specification

does not mean that animal-based raw materials are not contained at all, and specifically

means that the content of animal-derived raw materials is less than 50% by weight with

respect to the total weight of raw materials. In a more preferred aspect, the content of

animal-derived raw materials may be 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20%

by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, or 0% by weight, with respect to the total

weight of raw materials.

[0013]

(Fermentation raw material)

* Plant-based milk

One of the fermentation raw materials according to the present invention is a

plant-based milk. The plant-based milk is not limited as long as the milk is a

plant-based milk prepared by using a plant as a basic raw material. Specifically, soy

milk, coconut milk, almond milk, hemp milk, oat milk, rice milk, hazelnut milk, and the

like are included. The lipid content in the plant-based milk is not limited, but a higher

lipid content is more likely to exhibit the effects of the present invention, and the lipid

content is preferably 5% by weight or greater and more preferably 10% by weight or

greater, with respect to the solid content of the plant-based milk. The plant-based milk

may contain fiber components in a plant.

[0014]

* Lipid

The fermentation raw material according to the present invention contains a

lipid. The lipid may be a lipid derived from a plant-based milk, or may be an oil or fat

added separately from a plant-based milk. When an oil or fat is added separately, the oil

or fat is preferably a plant-based oil or fat. A higher lipid content in the fermentation

raw material is more likely to exhibit the effects of the present invention. Specifically,

the content may be 5% by weight or greater, 10% by weight or greater, or 15% by weight

or greater, and 80% by weight or less, 75% by weight or less, or 70% by weight or less,

with respect to the solid content of the fermentation raw material.

[0015]

* Protein hydrolyzate

One of the fermentation raw materials according to the present invention is a protein hydrolyzate. The protein hydrolyzate refers to a composition obtained by hydrolyzing a protein raw material with an enzyme or an acid.

The protein raw material is a raw material containing at least a protein

regardless of the origin thereof. Either a plant-based protein or an animal-based protein

can be selected, but it is preferable to select a plant-based protein from the viewpoint of

producing a plant-based fermented milk. Examples of the plant-based protein raw

material include natural raw materials such as wheat and barley, beans, grains, and malt,

and a soybean protein, a pea protein, a green bean protein, a wheat protein, a rice protein,

a hemp protein, a nut protein, and a malt extract, which are obtained by concentrating

proteins from natural raw materials. Proteins derived from casein, whey, collagen, a

yeast extract, and the like can be used as the animal-based protein.

[0016]

It is important that the protein hydrolyzate in the present invention contain at

least 3% by weight of free amino acids. Moreover, the hydrolyzate may contain at least

5% by weight, at least 7% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 15% by weight, at

least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight of free amino acids. Meanwhile, the

hydrolyzate may contain at most 35% by weight, at most 30% by weight, or at most 25%

by weight of free amino acids.

When the protein hydrolyzate contains free amino acids in the aforementioned

appropriate range, in combination with a peptide fraction, the generation of a deteriorated

odor over time after fermentation can be effectively suppressed. When the content of

the free amino acids in the protein hydrolyzate is too high, the flavor of the amino acids

themselves is strong, which is not preferable.

Furthermore, the content of the free amino acids can be calculated by liquid

chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS).

[0017]

In addition, the protein hydrolyzate in the present invention preferably has a

degree of hydrolysis of 90% or greater. Moreover, the degree of hydrolysis may be

95% or greater, 98% or greater, or 100%. Here, the degree of hydrolysis is expressed as

a 15% trichloroacetic acid solubility rate (TCA solubility rate), and the higher the

numerical value, the lower the molecular weight of the protein hydrolyzate. The

generation of a deteriorated odor over time after fermentation can be more effectively

suppressed by using a degradation product having a degree of hydrolysis in such a range.

Furthermore, the 15% TCA solubility rate is calculated as the ratio of the

amount of a crude protein in the supernatant, which is obtained after adding 30% by

weight of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in an equivalent amount to a 1% by weight aqueous

solution of a protein hydrolyzate sample and centrifuging the resultant at 3,000 rpm for

10 minutes, to the amount of all crude proteins separately measured. Moreover,the

amount of the crude proteins is measured by the Kjeldahl method.

[0018]

In the present invention, the protein hydrolyzate is added in an amount of 0.1 to

2% by weight with respect to the solid content of the fermentation raw material.

Therefore, the generation of a deteriorated odor over time after fermentation can be

effectively suppressed.

The lower limit of the added amount may be 0.11% by weight or greater, 0.12%

by weight or greater, 0.13% by weight or greater, 0.14% by weight or greater, or 0.145%

by weight or greater. In a more preferred aspect, the lower limit of the added amount

may also be 0. 2 % by weight or greater, 0. 2 5% by weight or greater, 0. 2 8 %by weight or

greater, or 0.3% by weight or greater.

Moreover, the upper limit of the added amount may be 1.8% by weight or less,

1.6% by weight or less, 1.4% by weight or less, 1.3% by weight or less, 1.2% by weight

or less, 1.1% by weight or less, 1% by weight or less, 0.98% by weight or less, or 0.96%

by weight or less.

[0019]

m Assimilable saccharides

It is not essential to add, as the fermentation raw material according to the

present invention, assimilable saccharides serving as a nutrient source for lactic acid

bacteria, but it is preferable to add assimilable saccharides when fermentation is difficult

to proceed. For example, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, galactose, lactose,

raffinose, trehalose, soybean oligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide,

and the like can be used. The saccharide raw material may be used alone, or two or

more kinds thereof may be used in combination. When the assimilable saccharides are

added, the blending amount of the assimilable saccharides is appropriately 1 to 50% by

weight and preferably 5 to 40% by weight with respect to the solid content of the

fermentation raw material.

[0020]

* Other fermentation raw materials

As the fermentation raw materials according to the present invention, starch,

thickening polysaccharides, a gelling agent, an emulsifier, a flavoring, an acidulant, an

antioxidant, a chelating agent, and the like can be appropriately added, if necessary, in

addition to the aforementioned raw materials.

[0021]

(Fermentation with microorganisms)

The microorganisms used in the fermentation according to the present invention

are not particularly limited as long as the microorganisms are generally used for producing a fermented food, and, for example, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, yeast, aspergillus, natto bacteria, and tempeh bacteria can be used alone or in combination as appropriate. In an aspect, it is preferable to use lactic acid bacteria. In another aspect, it is preferable to use lactic acid bacteria and yeast. In still another aspect, it is preferable to use diacetyl-producing bacteria as the microorganisms in order to increase the diacetyl content in the plant-based fermented milk. Diacetyl-producing lactic acid bacteria or yeast can be used as the diacetyl-producing bacteria.

[0022]

(Lactic acid bacteria)

In the present invention, the lactic acid bacteria (including bifidobacteria) used

in the lactic acid fermentation are not particularly limited, and are not particularly limited

as long as the lactic acid bacteria are used for fermented milk products such as ordinary

yogurt, lactic acid bacteria beverages, or cheese.

Examples of the type of lactic acid bacteria include the genus Lactobacillus such

as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, and

Lactobacillus bulgaricus, the genus Streptococcus such as Streptococcus thermophilus,

Streptococcus lactis, and Streptococcus diacetilactis, the genus Lactococcus such as

Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis, Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis biovar

diacetylactis, and Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris, the genus Leuconostoc such as

Leuconostoc mesenteroides subspecies cremoris and Leuconostoc lactis, and the genus

Bifidobacterium such as Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum,

Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium breve. Moreover, a starter, such as kefir

bacteria, in which microorganisms such as yeast other than lactic acid bacteria are mixed

can also be used. Furthermore, a combination of two or more kinds of these lactic acid

bacteria can also be arbitrarily used.

[0023]

In addition, specific bacterial strains, which are used in commercially available

yogurt or lactic acid bacteria beverages or known, such as Lactobacillus casei (YIT 9029

strain (Shirota strain), YIT10003 strain, NY1301 strain, and SBR1202 strain),

Lactobacillus maria YIT0243 strain, Lactobacillus acidophilus (SBT-2062 strain and

CK92 strain), Lactobacillus helveticus CK60 strain, Lactobacillus gasseri (SP strain

(SBT2055SR), LG21 strain, LC1 strain, OLL 2716 strain, FERMP-17399, and the like),

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (OLL 1023 strain, OLL 1029 strain, OLL

1030 strain, OLL 1043 strain, OLL 1057 strain, OLL 1073R-1 strain, OLL 1075 strain,

OLL 1083 strain, OLL 1097 strain, OLL 1104 strain, OLL 1162 strain, and 2038 strain),

Lactobacillus johnsonii Lal strain (LC1 strain), Lactobacillus GG strain, Streptococcus

thermophilus (1131 strain and OLS 3059 strain), Bifidobacterium breve (Yakult strain

and YIT4065 strain), Bifidobacterium bifidum (Yakult strain), Bifidobacterium longum

(SP strain (SBT2928), BB536 strain, BE80 strain, and FERM BP-7787 strain), and

Bifidobacterium lactis (FK120 strain, LKM512 strain, and Bb-12 strain) can also be

suitably used.

[0024]

(Yeast)

As the yeast, in addition to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used for

fermentation of bread and the like, for example, yeast derived from sourdough (San

Francisco sourdough, rye sourdough, panettone yeast, and the like), hop yeast, beer yeast,

alcohol yeast, or fruit yeast (grape fruit yeast, apple fruit yeast, and the like), which is

used as leaven, can be used. In an aspect, Kluyveromyces marxianus can be used.

[0025]

(Aspergillus)

As the aspergillus, the genus Aspergillus such as Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus

niger, Aspergillus sojae, Aspergillus kawachi, and Aspergillus awamori, the genus

Monascus such as Monascus anka and Monascus purpureus, the genus Neurospora, the

genus Rhizopus such as Rhizopus javanicus, the genus Mucor such as Mucor rouxii, and

the like can be used without limitation.

[0026]

(Tempeh bacteria)

As the tempeh bacteria, the genus Rhizopus such as Rhizopus oligosporus and

Rhizopus oryzae can be used.

[0027]

(Fermentationconditions)

The fermentation conditions are not particularly limited as long as the

microorganisms used can grow.

When lactic acid bacteria are used, the conditions for lactic acid fermentation

can be appropriately changed according to the type of lactic acid bacteria used. In an

aspect in which diacetyl-producing bacteria are used in order to increase the diacetyl

content in the plant-based fermented milk, aeration and/or stirring can be performed as

needed. When the diacetyl content in the plant-based fermented milk is increased, the

plant-based fermented milk can be more effectively used in plant-based fermented butter

or cheese. The fermentation temperature for lactic acid bacteria may be, for example,

20°C to 50°C and preferably 25°C to 45°C. Moreover, in the case of cheese, lactic acid

bacteria can also be fermented at a slightly lower temperature of 10°C to 50°C and

preferably 15°C to 45°C. The fermentation time may be, for example, 4 to 72 hours and

preferably 5 to 60 hours. The lactic acid fermentation can be performed until the pH of

the fermentation raw material is lowered to 3 to 6 and, if necessary, 3 to 5, and after the fermentation is completed, the pH can also be finely adjusted to a desired pH, as appropriate, with an alkali, an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or the like. As the fermentation device, a device similar to those used when producing yogurt or cheese of milk can be used.

[0028]

When yeast is used, the fermentation temperature may be, for example, 8°C to

40°C, preferably 15°C to 35°C, and more preferably 20°C to 28°C. The fermentation

time may be, for example, 12 hours to 10 days, preferably 16 hours to 5 days, and more

preferably 3 days (about 72 hours) to 5 days. Moreover, the fermentation can be

performed under aerobic conditions in order to keep the ethanol concentration low, and

as needed, sufficient aeration and/or stirring can be performed for yeast fermentation.

[0029]

(Steps after fermentation)

After the fermentation step such as lactic acid fermentation, the resultant is

subjected to a filtration step, a homogenization step, and a heat sterilization step, if

necessary, and can be prepared into a solid, pasty, or liquid yogurt-like product by a

conventional method. Moreover, the resultant can also be prepared into a solid or pasty

cheese-like product by a conventional method.

[0030]

(Food or beverage)

The method for producing a food or beverage according to the present invention

is characterized by using the plant-based fermented milk according to the present

invention as a raw material. The plant-based fermented milk has a favorable flavor by

suppressing the generation of an unpleasant deteriorated odor, and thus can be used as a

raw material for producing various foods or beverages.

The form of the food or beverage is not particularly limited, and the food or

beverage can be used, for example, in the forms of beverages such as a soft drink and a

plant milk including soy milk, unbaked confectionery such as pudding, bavarois, jelly,

whipped cream, and filling, fermented foods such as yogurt, cheese, and a fermented

beverage, Japanese confectionery such as a dumpling and manju, puffed confectionery

such as a snack, bakery products such as a biscuit, a cookie, breads, and a cake,

condiments such as chocolate, margarine, butter, spread, and mayonnaise, and products

such as a sauce, a soup, a fried food, a fish-paste product, and a bird or beast and fish

product. In an aspect, the food or beverage is preferably composed of plant-based raw

materials.

[0031]

When producing various products, food raw materials (fruit juice, fruit pulp, a

vegetable, saccharides, an oil or fat, a milk product, cereal flours, starches, cacao mass, a

bird or beast and fish product, and the like) and food additives (a mineral, a vitamin, an

emulsifier, a thickening stabilizer, an acidulant, a flavoring, and the like), which are

necessary in addition to the plant-based fermented milk, can be appropriately used.

[0032]

Furthermore, the plant-based fermented milk according to the present invention

can also be used as a raw material for non-food products, for example, toilet articles such

as soap and shampoo or cosmetic products such as lotion, in addition to the food or

beverage.

Example

[0033]

Examples will be shown below, and the details of the present invention will be

described in more detail. Moreover, both "part" and "%" in the examples indicate a weight basis.

[0034]

(Comparative Example 1) Basic blending

98.99 parts of "soy milk cream" (produced by FUJI OIL CO., LTD., total solid

content of 19.8%, protein content of 5.6%, and lipid content of 12.3%) as a plant-based

milk, and 1 part of glucose were mixed to make 99.99 parts, and the resultant was

blended with a homomixer for 30 minutes and then homogenized at a homogenization

pressure of 50 kg/cm 2 . 0.01 parts of Streptococcus thermophilus, as lactic acid bacteria,

was added thereto, and the resultant was subjected to lactic acid fermentation at 37C

until the pH was lowered to 4.7. After the fermentation was completed, the resultant

was sterilized at 80°C for 2 minutes to obtain a pasty fermented soy milk.

[0035]

(Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5) Addition and added amount

of protein hydrolyzate

Fermented soy milks were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative

Example 1 by using the blending of Comparative Example 1 as a base and adding the

protein hydrolyzates selected in Table 1 as a fermentation raw material, and the effect of

the addition of each hydrolyzate was checked. The blending amounts of the respective

hydrolyzates are as shown in Tables 2 and 3, and the blending amounts of soy milk cream

and other plant-based milks were reduced by the same weight as the blending amount of

each hydrolyzate.

The effect of the addition was checked by asking five taste panelists skilled in

the field of fermented milks to perform a sensory evaluation at the timings when the

obtained fermented soy milk was refrigerated at 5°C for 1 day and 7 days. The scores

of the sensory evaluation were given from 1 point to 5 points by consensus of the panelists according to the following evaluation criteria.

[0036]

(Table 1) Selected protein hydrolyzate

Product name Origin Content of free Producer amino acids HINUTE-HKB Soybean About 25% FUJI OIL CO., LTD. HINUTE-AM Soybean About 2% FUJI OIL CO., LTD. TYPE-S Fish 10.3% Nitta Gelatin Inc. HWP117 Milk whey 4.0% TATUA Mixture of equivalent - 100% NIPPON RIKA Co., LTD. amounts of 20 amino acids Mixture that reproduces - 100% NIPPON RIKA Co., LTD. composition of free amino acids in HINUTE-HKB

* All of the products have a 15% TCA solubility rate of almost 100%.

[0037]

(Table 2)

Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Example 1 1 2 3 Example 2 Soy milk cream 98.99 98.79 98.93 98.96 98.98 Glucose 1 1 1 1 1 HINUTE-HKB - 0.2 0.06 0.03 0.01 Lactic acid bacteria 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Solid content of fermentation raw material 20.60 20.76 20.65 20.62 20.61 (in whole) Content of protein hydrolyzate (% in solid 0 0.963 0.291 0.145 0.049 content) .i.d In whole 12.18 12.15 12.17 12.17 12.17 Lipid In solid content 59.10 58.53 58.93 59.02 59.08 After storage for 2 5 5 4 3 Sensory 1 day at 5°C evaluation After storage for 1 5 4 4 2 7 days at 5°C

(Evaluation criteria)

5 points: The fermented soy milk has a very favorable fermented flavor without

any deteriorated odor.

4 points: The fermented soy milk has a favorable fermented flavor with almost

no deteriorated odor.

3 points: The fermented soy milk has a slightly deteriorated odor and a not very

favorable flavor.

2 points: The fermented soy milk has a more deteriorated odor and a bad flavor.

1 point: The fermented soy milk has the most deteriorated odor and a very bad

flavor.

[0038]

(Table 3)

Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Example 3 4 5 Example 4 Example 5 Soy milk cream 98.79 98.79 98.79 98.94 98.94 Glucose 1 1 1 1 1 HINUTE-AM 0.2 - - TYPE-S - 0.2 - HWP117 - - 0.2 Mixture of equivalent amounts of 20 amino - - - 0.05 acids Mixture that reproduces composition of free - - - - 0.05 amino acids in HINUTE-AM Lactic acid bacteria 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Solid content of fermentation raw 20.76 20.76 20.76 20.64 20.64 material (in whole) Content of protein hydrolyzate (% in solid 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.242 0.242 content) In whole 12.15 12.15 12.15 12.17 12.17 Lipid In solid 58.53 58.53 58.53 58.96 58.96 content Sensory After storage 3 5 4 3 3 evaluation for 1 day at 50 C After storage for 7 days at 2 4 4 2 2 50 C

[0039]

(Consideration)

In light of the results in Tables 2 and 3, adding, as a fermentation raw material, a

specific amount of a protein hydrolyzate containing a relatively large amount of the free

amino acids can suppress deterioration in the flavor of the plant-based fermented milk

during fermentation and during storage after fermentation.

Since no effect was observed when only the free amino acids were added, it is

considered that the effect was brought about by the combination of the free amino acids

and a specific peptide fraction.

[0040]

(Examples 6 to 9) Use of other plant-based milks and addition of oil or fat

Fermented soy milks were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative

Example 1 by using the blending of Comparative Example 1 as a base, and using other

plant-based milks as a fermentation raw material or adding a plant oil or fat, and the

effect of the addition of each hydrolyzate was checked. The blending amounts of the

respective components are as shown in Table 4.

The effect of the addition was also evaluated in the same manner as in Tables 2

and 3.

[0041]

(Table 4)

Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Soy milk cream - - - 83.69

Plain soy milk 98.89 - Coconut milk - 98.94 Rice milk - - 98.84 Soybean oil - - - 15 Glucose 1 1 1 1 HINUTE-HKB 0.1 0.05 0.15 0.3 Lactic acid bacteria 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Total 100 100 100 100 Solid content of fermentation raw 10.20 4.84 14.69 32.87 material (in whole) Content of protein hydrolyzate (% in 0.981 1.033 1.021 0.913 solid content) .i.d In whole 3.16 0.89 1.28 25.29 Lipid In solid content 31.03 18.40 8.75 76.95 After storage for 1 day 5 5 5 4 Sensory at 5°C evaluation After storage for 7 days 5 5 5 4 at 5°C

* Plain soy milk (Marusanai Co., Ltd., solid content of 9.2%, lipid content of 3.2%)

* Coconut milk (Alpro, solid content of 3.8%, lipid content of 0.9%)

* Rice milk (Alpro, solid content of 13.7%, lipid content of 1.3%)

[0042]

(Consideration)

In light of the results in Table 4, adding, as a fermentation raw material, a

during fermentation and during storage after fermentation, even in the other plant-based

milks, or the fermentation raw material to which a plant oil or fat was added.

[0043]

(Example 12 and Comparative Example 8) Fermentation with yeast

The blending of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was used as a base,

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus were added as yeast instead of lactic acid bacteria, and aerobic fermentation (shaking culture) was performed at 25°C for 72 hours. After the fermentation was completed, the resultant was sterilized at 80°C for 2 minutes to obtain a yeast-fermented soy milk. The effect of the addition was also evaluated in the same manner as in Tables 2 and 3.

[0044]

(Table 5)

Comparative Example 12 Example 8 Soy milk cream 98.99 98.79 Glucose 1 1 HINUTE-HKB - 0.2 Yeast 0.01 0.01 Total 100 100 Solid content of fermentation raw material (in 20.60 20.76 whole) Content of protein hydrolyzate (% in solid content) 0 0.963 In whole 12.18 12.15 Lipid In solid content 59.10 58.53 After storage for 1 day at 5°C 1 5 Sensoryevaluation After storage for 7 days at 5°C 1 5

[0045]

(Consideration)

In light of the results in Table 5, even when yeast was used as a microorganism

and aerobic fermentation was performed, adding, as a fermentation raw material, a

during fermentation and during storage after fermentation.

[0046]

(Example 13) Fermentation with diacetyl-producing lactic acid bacteria

The blending of Example 1 was used as a base, 0.01 parts of diacetyl-producing

lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis biovar diacetylactis) were added instead of the lactic acid bacteria used in Example 1, and lactic acid fermentation was performed at 24°C until the pH was lowered to 4.8. After the fermentation was completed, the resultant was stirred, and sterilized at 80°C for 2 minutes to obtain a pasty fermented soy milk. The effect of the addition was also evaluated in the same manner as in Tables 2 and 3.

[0047]

(Table 6)

Example 13 Soy milk cream 98.79 Glucose 1 HINUTE-HKB 0.2 Lactic acid bacteria 0.01 Total 100 Solid content of fermentation raw material (in whole) 20.76 Content of protein hydrolyzate (% in solid content) 0.963 In whole 12.15 Lipid In solid content 58.53 After storage for 1 day at 5°C 5 Sensoryevaluation After storage for 7 days at 5°C 5

[0048]

(Consideration)

In light of the results in Table 6, even when diacetyl-producing lactic acid

bacteria were used as lactic acid bacteria, adding, as a fermentation raw material, a

during fermentation and during storage after fermentation. Since diacetyl is a

component contained in fermented butter or cheese of milk, the obtained fermented soy

milk is considered to be useful as a raw material for plant-based butter or cheese.

[0049]

(Example 14) Application to plant-based butter

An aqueous phase was obtained by adding 2.4 parts of rock salt to 300 parts of

the fermented soy milk (liquid temperature of 40°C) obtained in Example 1. While

stirring the aqueous phase with a hand mixer, 450 parts of coconut oil having a rising

melting point of about 25°C was heated to 40°C and melted, and gradually added,

thereby preparing an emulsified liquid.

The obtained emulsified liquid was cooled overnight in a refrigerator at 4°C to

obtain plant-based butter. The obtained plant-based butter had a very favorable flavor

without any deteriorated odor.

[0050]

(Example 15) Application to plant-based creams

0.4 parts of an emulsifier was added to 20 parts of a fractionated palm oil or fat

(rising melting point of 26°C) and 9 parts of a lauric oil or fat (palm kernel oil/rising

melting point of 28°C), and these components were mixed and dissolved to prepare an oil

phase.

5 parts of the fermented soy milk (liquid temperature of 40°C) obtained in

Example 1 was added to 25.7 parts of water and 40 parts of plain soy milk while stirring

with a homomixer, and these components were mixed and dissolved to prepare an

aqueous phase.

The prepared oil phase and aqueous phase were stirred at 65°C for 30 minutes

with a homomixer, and preliminarily emulsified, a sterilization treatment was then

performed by a direct heating method at 144°C for 4 seconds with an ultra-high

temperature sterilizer (manufactured by IWAI KIKAI KOGYO CO., LTD.), and the

resultant was homogenized at a homogenization pressure of 45 kg/cm 2 and immediately

cooled to 5°C. After the cooling, the resultant was aged for about 24 hours to obtain

plant-based creams.

1 kg of the obtained foamable oil-in-water type emulsion was whipped in a

Hobart mixer (MODEL N-5 manufactured by HOBART CORPORATION) at third speed

(300 rpm) until the maximum foaming state was reached, and the flavor was checked.

The obtained plant-based creams in a foamed state had a very favorable flavor

without any deteriorated odor.

Claims

[CLAIMS]

[Claim 1]

A method for producing a plant-based fermented milk, the method comprising:

adding, to a fermentation raw material, containing a plant-based milk and

containing a lipid, 0.1 to 2% by weight of a protein hydrolyzate, containing at least 3%

by weight of free amino acids, with respect to the solid content of the fermentation raw

material; and

subjecting the mixture to fermentation.
[Claim 2]

The production method according to claim 1,

wherein the lipid content in the fermentation raw material is 5 to 80% by weight

in the solid content.
[Claim 3]

The production method according to claim 1,

wherein the fermentation is lactic acid fermentation.
[Claim 4]

The production method according to claim 2,

wherein the fermentation is lactic acid fermentation.
[Claim 5]

The production method according to claim 1,

wherein the fermentation is yeast fermentation.
[Claim 6]

The production method according to claim 2,

wherein the fermentation is yeast fermentation.
[Claim 7]

The production method according to claim 1,

wherein the fermentation is diacetyl-producing bacteria.
[Claim 8]

The production method according to claim 2,

wherein the fermentation is diacetyl-producing bacteria.
[Claim 9]

A method for producing a food or beverage using the plant-based fermented

milk according to claim 1 as a raw material.
[Claim 10]

A method for producing a food or beverage using the plant-based fermented

milk according to claim 2 as a raw material.
[Claim 11]

A method for producing a food or beverage using the plant-based fermented

milk according to claim 3 as a raw material.
[Claim 12]

A method for producing a food or beverage using the plant-based fermented

milk according to claim 5 as a raw material.
[Claim 13]

A method for producing a food or beverage using the plant-based fermented

milk according to claim 7 as a raw material.
[Claim 14]

The method for producing a food or beverage according to claim 9,

wherein the food or beverage is plant-based yogurt, lactic acid bacteria

beverages, creams, ice creams, cheese, butter, or margarine.
[Claim 15]

The method for producing a food or beverage according to claim 13,

wherein the food or beverage is plant-based cheese or butter.