AU2021209319A1

AU2021209319A1 - Bolted Shear Plate Connector

Info

Publication number: AU2021209319A1
Application number: AU2021209319A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Davood DAVOODI; Peter Marzullo
Original assignee: CSR Building Products Ltd
Current assignee: CSR Building Products Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-30
Filing date: 2021-07-30
Publication date: 2022-02-17

Abstract

A connector is disclosed for interconnecting a first building module and a second building module to form an array or assembly or part of an array or assembly of a building structure. 5 The connector is locatable between the first building module and the second building module to securely interconnect the first and second modules to one another. The connector comprises a body having a central portion provided with a main aperture for receiving therethrough a projection fixedly attached to the first module and extending outwardly from the first module. The projection can facilitate alignment of the first and second modules to 10 each other. The central portion of the connector can be provided with at least one fastening aperture configured to receive a respective central portion fastener. The fastening aperture can be accessible externally of the building modules to facilitate secure interconnection of the first and second modules to one another when the modules are in an aligned stacked relationship. Also disclosed is an interconnection system and building structure that employ 15 the connector. 17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 CN 00 C C CNC P- CNo C C) CO Co).'

Description

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Bolted Shear Plate Connector

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to interconnection systems for interconnecting individual building modules to one another within a building structure, and to interconnectors for use in the interconnection systems to interconnect the individual building modules to one another.

Although the present disclosure is directed to specific embodiments of components of a building structure such as individual lightweight building modules and their components and constituent parts, fittings, fixtures and accessories therefor, and to connectors and/or interconnectors for interconnecting the building modules, and to methods of using such connectors and/or interconnectors, parts and components generally to construct building structures from the individual modules, it is to be noted that the scope of protection is not restricted to the described embodiments only, but rather the scope of protection is more extensive so as to include other forms, variations and modifications of the building module, their components and constituent parts, the connector, the interconnector and the building structures, and to methods of installing building modules using sequences of steps or stages and auxiliary components, parts and accessories to form the building structure from the individual building modules other than as specifically described herein.

Background Art

One problem or shortcoming of using individual building modules in constructing building structures from prefabricated prefinished volumetric constructions (PPVC), including low rise and multi-story or multi-level PPVC structures, and more particularly tall high-rise building structures, relates to the manner of interconnection of the modules to other adjacent modules to prevent unwanted relative movement of the building modules. In current PPVC systems in the market, the modules generally rely on a concrete core structure for their lateral stability. Even though in some steel PPVC designs where a wall bracing system is proposed within the individual module, the interconnection system in between the adjacent modules does not allow for uniting the two adjacent braced units to form as a single larger unit. This can limit the efficiency of the lateral load capacity of the system.

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In lightweight PPVC building structures that use interconnected individual modules, each module comprised of a steel framework or internal steel structure to which are attached or upon which are mounted light weight infill panels forming the walls of the individual module, and other lightweight panels forming the floor and/or ceiling of the module, such a building module when connected to other adjacent building modules may be restrained or prevented from unwanted movement, particularly unwanted lateral horizontal movement from side to side in various directions, relative to adjacent modules at the same level in the building structure when the building modules are located in side by side, abutting relationship to one another and/or in stacked aligned relationship one upon the other at different levels.

Interconnectors in current use, such as linking plates, of necessity, require a clearance space between the apertures provided within the linking plate and the projections of connectors used for interconnecting two or more adjacent individual building modules to allow for adjustment of the exact position of the linking plate with respect to the modules. The apertures of the plate are larger to allow for adjustments due to the geometric tolerances (length, width and out of vertical ) from fabricating the structural members and deflection or racking during transportation and lifting of the modules.

Thus, the dimensions of the apertures of the plate are larger than the dimensions of the projections of the connectors which results in unwanted or undesirable movement of the projections within the apertures, and consequently unwanted relative movement of one building module with respect to another building module joined by the linking plates. Although the amount of relative movement between adjacent modules is small, the cumulative effect of having multiple modules arranged in aligned stacked relationship, each with an individual small clearance, results in unacceptably large movements, particularly linear movements in any direction including both the vertical and in any horizontal directions during installation, of modules within the building structure overall. The unacceptably large movements reduce the strength, rigidity and integrity of the building structure.

At upper levels where lateral (e.g. earthquake/wind) forces on a building structure can exceed the resisting friction forces formed by the weight of the unit, the modules can move over each other within the installation tolerances. This results in additional forces being

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 transmitted into the columns in the form of secondary bending moments due to horizontal movement of the modules.

Another shortcoming of existing interconnection systems for individual modules of PPVC building structures, relates to the accessibility to the individual modules during installation, particularly to the columns and/or beams of the module, and to the interconnectors and connectors joining the modules. Since each module is pre-finished in a factory prior to transportation to the building site, where the building structure is being constructed, it is difficult, if not virtually impossible, without disturbing the internal surface finish of the module, to gain access through the walls, floor and/or ceiling internally within the module to the inwardly facing or inwardly directed parts of the module, such as for example, the columns, beams, reinforcements and other structural members forming the supporting structure of the module, when installing a module to be able to fix the module to existing modules during installation of the new module into the building structure.

A shortcoming or disadvantage of existing connectors for interconnecting building modules in PPVC relates to the encroachment of the floor area or footprint of the individual module, due to the need to have a connector located between adjacent modules, and the need to provide clearance between adjacent modules to accommodate the structural framework and connection system components, such as the columns, between adjacent modules, all of which extend into, to adversely reduce, the available floor space or footprint of the individual module. The protrusion or incursion into the floor area of the module restricts the available floor space provided by the module and thus reduces the usable living area of the module. This shortcoming of PPVC can arise when two modules are assembled in side by side relationship as a double wall is formed intermediate the two modules and, if the columns of the respective modules are adjacent to each other, the internal width of rooms is reduced or there are projections/buldges in the walls where the columns are located intruding into the rooms.

A reference herein to the prior art should not be understood as an admission that the prior art constitutes common general knowledge. A reference herein to the prior art is not intended to limit the applications of the connector and interconnection system as disclosed herein.

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Summary of the Disclosure

According to a first aspect, there is provided a connector for interconnecting a first building module and a second building module. The connected modules can form an array or

assembly or part of an array or assembly of a building structure. The connector can be locatable between the first building module and the second building module to securely interconnect the first and second modules to one another. The connector can comprise a body

having a central portion provided with a main aperture for receiving therethrough a projection. The projection can be fixedly attached to the first module and can extend

outwardly from the first module. The projection can facilitate alignment of the first and second modules to each other. The central portion of the connector can also comprise at least one fastening aperture. The fastening aperture can be configured to receive a respective central portion fastener. In accordance with the disclosure, the fastening aperture can be

accessible externally of the building modules to facilitate secure interconnection of the first

and second modules to one another when the modules are in aligned stacked relationship. Such a connector can allow the fastening aperture to be accessible throughout the process of

installation as well as after installation as needed.

Surprisingly, it has been discovered that using such a connector between individual building modules can provide force and loading transmission through a resultant joint that is able to maintain the strength and rigidity of the building structure, and without having to provide

additional components within the building structure to provide the necessary strength and rigidity. Furthermore, the connector can allow external access thereto during installation of the building modules, thereby overcoming the need for internal access to the modules.

Additionally, the connector may allow the structural framework of adjacent individual modules to be complementary to one another to reduce the gaps or spaces in the partitions or

party walls between the adjacent modules.

In a structural system in which the connector is employed, and where the modules comprise

primary and secondary column arrangements, and after the modules are interconnected, the neighboring module frames may form a single frame such as may be similar to a known framing system, resulting in a greater lateral force resisting unit compared to current modular

systems on the market. Additionally, a recess may be provided between the secondary columns, where the main column of an adjacent module can be positioned, and this can

result in a smaller area for the column zone compared to current systems on the market. Such

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 an arrangement may be more desirable architecturally and may also provide additional usable space within the units.

The interconnectors and methods of interconnecting adjacent building modules as disclosed herein may eliminate, reduce, minimise, inhibit or prevent unwanted relative movement of respective modules, particularly unwanted relative movement horizontally through the joints interconnecting adjacent modules. Further, in a temporary state (i.e. during placement and installation of modules) the connection system may allow for tolerance and flexibility during placement, and in a permanent state the connection system may prevent horizontal movement, including once bolted in place, may restrict a connection plate from moving. Additionally, the connection system may prevent, inhibit, reduce or restrain relative movement of one building module located in side by side relationship to with respect to adjacent building module(s).

In this regard, the interconnectors and/or connectors, and methods of interconnecting adjacent modules, may be accessible from outside the building module to substantially avoid remedial work to the internals of the module. Further, they may eliminate or reduce the clearance between adjacent modules to optimise the usable floor area of the module.

In some forms, the present disclosure relates to interconnectors for use in interconnecting one building module to another building module in which the interconnectors extend between adjacent modules to be accessible externally of the building modules during installation of respective building modules.

In some forms, the present disclosure relates to interconnectors for interconnecting individual building modules in lightweight prefabricated pre-finished volumetric constructions, and to methods of installing the lightweight individual building modules within a building structure using such interconnectors for interconnecting the individual building modules together in which the interconnectors are accessible externally of the building modules during installation of the modules.

In some forms, the present disclosure relates to building structures formed from multiple interconnected individual building modules which are interconnected together by one or other or more forms of interconnectors to form an array or assembly of modules, particularly an array or assembly of modules for forming a multi-level building structure in which the

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 interconnectors are accessible externally of the building modules during installation.

In some forms, the present disclosure relates to methods of interconnecting two or more individual building modules to form an array or assembly of such modules using one or other form or forms of interconnectors for interconnecting the individual building modules to one another to form the building structure in which the interconnectors are accessible externally of the building module during installation.

In some forms, the present disclosure relates to individual building modules having support members which form part of the interconnection system by the interconnectors cooperatively interacting with pairs of support members, including columns, beams, or the like of individual building modules in which the support members may enhance the strength, rigidity and integrity of the building structure.

In some forms, the present disclosure relates to building modules and interconnectors for joining building modules in which the floor area or footprint of the building modules may be relatively free of incursions of support members, including columns, into the floor space as a result of using the inter-connectors.

In some embodiments, the central portion of the connector may be provided with two fastening apertures. These apertures may be located on one side or on opposite sides of the central portion. These apertures may be located on either side of the main aperture. Such a configuration may further reduce the footprint of the connector and may provide for 'seamless' comers. In some embodiments, each side of the central portion may be provided with two fastening apertures.

In some embodiments, the connector may comprise a plate (e.g. of steel). The plate may comprise the at least one fastening aperture and the main aperture therethrough.

In one version, the connector may comprise a first side portion comprising a first group of apertures for receiving a first set of fasteners therethrough. The connector may further comprise a second side portion located remote from the first side portion and comprising a second group of apertures. The central portion may be located intermediate the first side portion and the second side portion. The first and second group of fasteners may enable the connector to secure adjacent modules in a side-by-side relationship. The connector may

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 allow for a robust connection between two adjacent (side-by-side) modules as well as a module stacked on top of one of the adjacent modules.

In some embodiments, the connector may generally be octagonal in shape. The octagonal shape may comprise straight edges. The first group of apertures may be located adjacent to one end edge of the octagonal shape. The second group of apertures may be located adjacent to an opposing end edge of the octagonal shape to said one end edge. The at least one fastening aperture may be located adjacent to one or each of opposite side edges of the octagonal shape. Each of the side edges may be spaced from each of the end edges by a respective angled edge of the octagonal shape. Such a connector configuration reduces the overall footprint of the connector whilst still allowing for connection of modules along transverse as well as longitudinal beams, and which may also allow for a more robust connection.

In some embodiments, the connector may be located at a junction formed by two or more of ceiling cross braces, transverse ceiling beams or longitudinal ceiling beams of at least two adjacent building modules. In some embodiments, the connector may be located at a node, being a point where columns of at least two adjacent building modules meet. The ability of the connector to locate at such junctions/nodes may allow the connector to provide strength and rigidity to the structure and may also allow for effective transfer of loads and forces across the building structure.

In another version, the connector may comprise a first side portion (only) located remote from the central portion. The first side portion may comprise a first group of apertures for receiving a first group of fasteners therethrough. The first group of fasteners can facilitate securing of the connector with adjacent module(s) in a side-by-side relationship.

In some embodiments of the other version, the connector may be located in a flush manner with an outer edge of ceiling beams of the adjacent modules. The flush side of the connector may oppose the first side portion. This other version of the connector may be employed to connect adjacent modules along an edge of the building structure.

In some embodiments, the first group of apertures, the second group of apertures and the at least one fastening aperture may comprise holes or bores. Such holes or bores may be circular, elliptical, elongated or slotted.

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In some embodiments, the holes or bores may be oversized (e.g. slightly oversized). This may allow for any required minor adjustments of the connector and adjacent components during installation.

In some embodiments, the first group of fasteners, the second group of fasteners and the at least one central portion fastener may comprise friction-type bolts and/or threaded-type bolts (e.g. of high strength).

In some embodiments, the main aperture of the connector may be square or rectangular in shape. The projection extending from the first module may likewise square or rectangular in cross-section. For example, typically the shape of the main aperture can be complementary to the shape of the projection extending from the first module. Such a configuration can provide a secure fit between the connector and the first module.

According to a second aspect, there is provided an interconnection system for interconnecting a first building module having a first support member and a second building module having a second support member. The interconnected modules can form an array or assembly or part of an array or assembly of building modules. The interconnection system can comprise a projection fixedly attached to the first module and extending outwardly from the first module. The system can also comprise a second support member of the second module provided with a receiver. The system can also comprise a connector as set forth above for the first aspect. The connector can be fixed to the first module. The first module and second module can be in an aligned stacked relationship. The projection can extend through the main aperture of the connector and into cooperative engagement with the receiver of the second support member of the second module to interconnect the first module and the second module. The use of such an interconnection system can allow for installation of building modules in an easy manner. When so installed, the connector may be easily accessible. Furthermore, the system can allow for the formation of a stable and rigid interconnection with the ability to transfer loads from one part of the structure to another.

In some embodiments of the interconnection system, the second support member of the second module may be securely interconnected to the first module by introducing at least one central portion fastener through the at least one externally accessible fastening aperture of the connector.

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In some embodiments of the interconnection system, the second support member of the second module may be securely interconnected to the connector by a complementary connector. The complementary connector may be secured to the second support member. The at least one central portion fastener may be introduced through a corresponding aperture of the complementary connector that can be aligned with the at least one fastening aperture when the projection extends through the main aperture of the connector and into the receiver of the second module. In some embodiments, the complementary connector may also comprise a plate (e.g. of steel). The plate may comprise the at least one corresponding aperture.

In some embodiments of the interconnection system, the complementary connector may be connected to an in-use lower end of the second support member. The at least one corresponding aperture of the complementary connector may be aligned with the at least one fastening aperture to receive therethrough the at least one central portion fastener. Again, such an arrangement can be rapidly and securely installed. Such an interconnection system can enables securing of an overlying adjacent module together to an underlying module.

In another version of the interconnection system, the complementary connector may comprise an L-shaped bracket that comprise two plates (e.g. that extend at a right angle to each other). One plate of the L-shaped bracket may be connected to a side of an in-use lower end of the second support member. The other plate of the L-shaped bracket may comprise at least one corresponding aperture therethrough that is able to align with the at least one fastening aperture to receive therethrough the at least one central portion fastener.

In some embodiments, the interconnection system may further comprise at least one positioning member. The at least one positioning member may take the form of a tubular member (e.g. of square hollow section). The at least one positioning member may be located in relation to a lower end of the second support member (e.g. it may be directly or indirectly secured to the second support member). The at least one positioning member can assist with positioning secondary support members of an adjacent (e.g. upper) module. The at least one positioning member may also assist with the connection of the second support member to an underlying beam of the first building module. The at least one positioning member may comprise a connector pin that can extend therethrough. The connector pin may connect the at least one positioning member to the underlying beam of the first building module. This can

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 allow for easy positioning of the second support member. This can also provide an additional securing point between the first and second modules thereby improving the strength of the connection.

In some embodiments of the interconnection system, the first and second support members may each comprise a column. For example, the column may be of rectangular (e.g. square) hollow section. Such columns have improved strength and rigidity and can further strengthen the structure whilst conserving overall weight.

In some embodiments, the interconnection system may further comprise secondary support columns. Such secondary support columns may also be of rectangular (e.g. square) hollow section. The secondary support columns can be arranged in the system to facilitate support of overlying components of the array or assembly of the building structure.

According to a third aspect, there is provided a building structure comprising two or more building modules interconnected together in an aligned stacked relationship. The building structure can make use of the interconnection system as described herein above, the interconnection system comprising one or more connectors as described hereinabove.

In some embodiments of the building structure, the first and second support members of the first and second building modules may each comprise a respective column (e.g. of rectangular/square hollow section). Each column may be arranged to support at least one floor beam and at least one ceiling beam of the first or second modules and their respective adjacent modules. A single column may be shared between two adjacent modules. This can result in a compact framework for the building structure that occupies lesser space. This can also increase the amount of floor area that is available inside each module.

In some embodiments, the building structure may further comprise one or more secondary columns (e.g. of rectangular/square hollow section). The secondary support columns may be arranged to facilitate support of overlying components of the array or assembly of a building structure. Such secondary columns may be employed to increase the load-bearing capacity of the building structure.

In some embodiments of the building structure, each secondary column may be positioned adjacent to a respective first or second support member. The positioning of each secondary

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 column may be such that, when the building structure is completed, the secondary column can locate in a void space. The void space may e.g. be defined by a cavity of a wall that extends from a respective first and/or second support member. Again, this can increase the floor area available due to the compact arrangement/sharing of the columns.

Brief Description of Drawings

Embodiments of connectors and connection systems in accordance with the present disclosure will now be described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic top perspective view of a group of interconnected individual building modules interconnected by one form of interconnector being a mid-point interconnector at respective midpoints of the module.

Figure 2 is a schematic top perspective view of the group of interconnected individual building modules of Figure 1 to which a further building module is being installed above the two lower modules.

Figure 3 is a schematic exploded view of the group of individual building modules of Figure 1 prior to interconnection to another module using the form of mid-point interconnector of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic top perspective view of the array of building modules of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic top perspective view of the interconnector shown in Figures 1 and 3 about to be installed to interconnect two adjacent building modules.

Figure 6 is a schematic top perspective view of the interconnector of Figure 5 securely fastened to the ceiling of the two adjacent building modules of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a schematic top perspective view of the interconnector of Figures 5 and 6 to which the upper building module to be connected.

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Figure 8 is a schematic top perspective view of the interconnector of Figures 5, 6 and 7 interconnecting the upper module to the pair of lower modules.

Figure 9 is a schematic top perspective view of a modified form of the interconnector being an end interconnector about to interconnect two adjacent lower building modules at the corners of the respective modules.

Figure 10 is a schematic top perspective view of the interconnector of Figure 9 securely fastened to the ceiling of the two adjacent lower building modules.

Figure 11 is a schematic top perspective view of the modified interconnector of Figures 9 and 10 to which the upper building module is to be connected.

Figure 12 is a schematic top perspective view of the modified interconnector of Figures 9 and 10 interconnecting the upper module to the pair of lower modules.

Figure 13 is a schematic top perspective view of a second upper module being installed upon the lower module.

Figure 14 is a schematic top perspective to view of the interconnection of two upper modules and two lower modules.

Figure 15 is a schematic top perspective view of a further modified form of interconnector for interconnecting two lower modules in side by side abutting relationship to each other at the respective midpoints of the longitudinal sides of the modules.

Figure 16 is a schematic top perspective view of the interconnector of Figure 15 interconnecting the respective midpoints of two adjacent lower modules.

Figure 17 is a schematic top perspective view of an upper building module being installed upon the two lower modules at the midpoints of the respective modules.

Figure 18 is a schematic top perspective view of the upper module interconnected to the two lower modules at the respective midpoints of the modules.

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Figure 19 is a schematic top perspective view of a further modified form of intermediate bolted shear plate for interconnecting two lower modules at the respective comers.

Figure 20 is a schematic top perspective view of the bolted shear plate of Figure 19 interconnecting two lower modules at the respective corners.

Figure 21 is a schematic top perspective view of an upper module being installed on top of the two lower modules using the intermediate bolted shear plate of Figures18 to 20.

Figure 22 is a schematic top perspective view of the interconnection of the upper module to the two lower modules using the intermediate bolted shear plate of Figure 19.

Figure 23 is a schematic top perspective view of a second upper module being installed adjacent the first upper module and above the second lower module at the respective corners using the intermediate bolted shear plate of Figure 19.

Figure 24 is a schematic top perspective view of two upper modules and two lower modules being interconnected to each other at the respective corners.

Detailed Description.

In the following detailed description, reference is made to accompanying drawings which form a part of the detailed description. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, depicted in the drawings and defined in the claims, are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilised, and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein and illustrated in the drawings can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated in this disclosure.

Disclosed herein are a number of embodiments of connectors that can be employed to interconnect individual building modules using various types of interconnection systems to form building structures that comprise a modular construction. The connectors and the interconnection systems described herein are capable of connecting adjacent modules as well as modules at different levels (i.e. above or below the adjacent modules) to form a building

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 structure.

Individual modules in accordance with the present description have framework members, typically different framework members, which include columns, beams, cross bracing, including ceiling cross bracing or floor cross bracing, plates, caps, brackets or the like.

The columns of the building module extend from the base/floor of the module to the ceiling of the module. Typically, the columns are located at comers of the module or at one or more locations along the longitudinal sides of the generally rectangular module. More typically, the columns are comer columns which are located at one or more of the comers of the module, or the columns are wall or side columns intermediately located along the sides of the module, typically the longitudinal sides of the rectangular module, and more typically the columns are are located at, about or towards the mid-points of the longitudinal sides of the module.

There are two different types or groups or sets of columns. One group of columns are primary columns whereas another group of columns are secondary columns. Primary columns provide substantial strength, rigidity, inherent stability and load-bearing capacity of the modules and of the building structure.

Primary columns are designed to support the entire vertical loads applied to the building. In addition, they can be designed to transfer lateral (e.g. wind and earthquake) loads to the base of the building structure by being a part of a portal framing system or part of vertical bracing units. These primary columns can support the vertical loads of adjacent secondary columns as well.

Typically, primary columns are selectively located at locations along the longitudinal sides of the module, more typically at or about the corners and/or mid-points of the longitudinal sides. Even more typically, a single primary column is located along the longitudinal side of

the module. More typically, the primary column is part of the joint interconnecting two or more individual building modules to one another, for transferring vertical and lateral forces through the building structure. The joint or interface between two vertically aligned columns

in stacked relationship one upon the other forms a node point of the building structure providing strength and rigidity to the structure.

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Aligned primary columns of stacked modules are bolted together using suitable interconnectors, connectors, fasteners, fittings, or similar. Advantageously, the columns are able to be bolted to each other and to the respective modules by accessing the joint interface from the accessible or exposed top of the module or modules so that all necessary adjustment, tightening, fitting or similar of the fasteners or fittings for interconnecting the modules to one another are accessible externally of the module, even when in aligned stacked relationship one above the other, thereby negating the need for internal access to the module to do any remedial work internally within the module or on the internal and/or external finished facade of the module or modules during or after installation of the module.

The primary columns are stronger, larger, structurally more rigid, more robust, less likely to bend, deflect, distort or similar, than the secondary columns which will now be described.

Secondary columns are selectively provided at the corners of the building module and/or at locations along the longitudinal sides of the module. Advantageously, the locations of the secondary columns are complementary to and/or determined in accordance with the locations of the primary columns, typically the primary columns of an adjacent building module when in side by side relationship or in stacked aligned relationship one above the other with respect to the module having the primary columns. It is to be noted that in many cases the columns are arranged in pairs of columns, being complementary columns, in which a pair of columns includes a primary column and a secondary column in which the secondary column of one module is located against or in side by side relationship with the primary column of an adjacent module, such as for example, in side by side, abutting relationship, or in sliding contact or close fitting relationship, allowing one module to be located next to and against an adjacent module. Advantageously, the secondary columns are designed to be located with respect to the primary columns to reduce, minimise or prevent unnecessary incursion into the floor space of adjacent modules, such as for example to slide in next to, against, or recessed between the primary columns within a recess, space, cavity, void or similar provided within the floor of the adjacent modules to avoid protruding into the room space, thereby resulting in the building structure having a thinner or narrower separation, partition and/or party walls between adjacent building modules. In one form, there is a pair of spaced apart primary columns of one module defining a space, gap, clearance or void therebetween into which is located a secondary column of an adjacent module so as to reduce incursion into the footprint or floor space of each adjacent module.

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Typically, the dimensions of the secondary columns are relatively smaller, including being smaller in size and in wall thickness, than the corresponding dimensions of the primary columns which are larger in size and have greater wall thickness, and the secondary columns remain smaller through all levels of the building structure, since the secondary columns support only a portion of the floor load from a single module. By comparison, the primary columns support both the vertical and lateral loads of the building structure and contribute significantly to the strength and rigidity of the building structure.

One form of interconnector includes a connector, typically a planar connector, more typically a plate or similar, such as for example, an intermediate plate, advantageously an intermediate shear plate, and more advantageously a bolted intermediate shear plate. The shear plate is connected to the horizontal support members located at the top of the modules, typically ceiling beams and ceiling bracing units, located at the top of the individual module. Typically, the shear plate is bolted to the lower building module at the node point of the lower building module corresponding to the location of the primary columns. Typically, the shear plate is bolted to both the lower building module and the upper building module at the node point. More typically, the shear plate interconnects two adjacent (e.g. side-by-side) building modules to one another at the same level through the node point of each of the adjacent building modules to securely interconnect both modules to one another, preventing unwanted lateral movement of the joint prior to engagement. The combination of the ceiling cross bracing, shear plates and column base and cap plates being bolted together at a single joint (i.e. node), provides the most efficient and desirable arrangement structurally, avoiding undesirable additional bending moments due to eccentricities.

It is to be noted that the shear plate is bolted to the horizontal bracing units at the top of the module(s). The bolting arrangement prevents the lateral movement of the joints prior to engagement, which is the contrary to the conventional steel PPVC system where shear plates have up to 4mm tolerances to allow for movement and which rely on friction to transfer the lateral force before they begin to move.

It is to be noted that the bolted arrangement of forms of the intermediate shear plate preventing unwanted lateral movement of the joints prior to engagement is different from conventional PPVC systems of the type employing steel or similar materials for the framework where the connectors are required to have up to about 4 mm clearance tolerances for installation, which results in unwanted or unacceptable movement within the building

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 structure, and moreover, rely on friction between the connector and the metal framework to transfer the lateral force before they begin to move.

Forms of the intermediate shear plate are connected to the respective individual modules by suitable fasteners. Advantageously, suitable fasteners include bolts, rivets or similar, more advantageously high strength tension friction bolts.

Referring now to Figures 1 to 8, a building structure utilizing a first embodiment of the connector and an associated interconnection system will be described.

In Figure 1, there is shown a generally rectangular first upper individual building module generally denoted as 10, forming part of an upper level of a building structure, locatable in aligned relationship with a pair of generally rectangular lower individual building modules, generally denoted as 12, 14, each located in side by side abutting relationship with one another to form a lower level of the building structure. Generally, the modules include framework members either in the form of primary columns, generally denoted as 20, or in the form of secondary columns, generally denoted as 22. The exact type, number and location of each of the columns of an individual module depends upon requirements of the individual module, including the function of the module and the exact position of the module within the building structure. Some modules are provided with all primary columns, such as module 10, whereas other modules are provided with a mixture of primary columns and secondary columns, such as generally rectangular second upper individual building module 16 (see Fig. 2). As an example, module 10 of Figure 1 is provided with six primary columns 20 in which a single primary column is located at each respective comer and at each midpoint of both longitudinal sides. Module 16 is provided with three primary columns 20 and four secondary columns 22 in which all three primary columns 20 are located along one side thereof, being the outer side of module 16 when installed, as shown in Figure 2. Module 16 is provided with four secondary columns 22, all being located along the inner side of module 16 facing towards module 10, again as illustrated in Figure 2. Two of the secondary columns 22 are located at the corners of module 16 whereas the remaining two secondary columns are located at or towards the mid-point of the inner side of module 16 in closely spaced apart substantially parallel vertical relationship to each other defining a space 18 therebetween.

The support members of the individual building modules also comprise longitudinal floor

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 beams 30, transverse floor beams 32, longitudinal ceiling beams 34 and transverse ceiling beams 36. All columns and beams are arranged orthogonally to one another to form a steel framework of general rectangular outline for providing support for the module. Infill panels 38 (only selectively shown in the drawings for clarity so as not to obscure other details) are attached or mounted to the frame members to form the walls, ceiling and floor of the module. It is to be noted that, in Figure 1, only part of the floor and ceiling are shown having infill panels 38 extending between the respective beams. Ceiling cross braces 40 are also provided to enhance the strength and rigidity of the building module, and hence the building structure. Ceiling cross braces 40 extend obliquely between adjacent columns on opposite sides of the building module, such as for example, from one comer column 20 to wall column 20 on the opposite side of module 10 to further enhance the strength and rigidity of the building module.

It is to be noted that an individual building module can be provided with ceiling cross braces, or with floor cross braces, or with both ceiling cross braces and floor cross braces depending upon requirements of the individual module and the location within the building structure in which the individual building module is to be installed.

Further, it is to be noted that the module can be of any size, dimension, type, or the like as is suitable or required for forming the building structure, depending upon the function and/or purpose of the room being formed by the module in the building structure, such as for example, the room being a wet room, bedroom, living room or other.

The primary columns are selectively provided at required locations to form node points (to be described in more detail later) and provide the support for each of the building modules, each level of the building structure, and for the entire building structure overall. The horizontal floor and ceiling beams extend from one column to another column to form floor and ceiling supporting main beams in one direction and secondary (tie/strut) members in another direction.

When module 16 is being installed in position adjacent module 10, both upper modules 10,16 on top of lower modules 12,14, module 16 is located so that the primary column 20 at the midpoint wall location of the outer side of module 10 is received within space 18 defined between the pair of secondary columns of the inner side of module 16 to avoid any intrusion of the columns from one module into the floor space or floor footprint of the other adjacent

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 module, and vice versa respectively.

In use, individual building modules are located in side by side relationship with one another at the same level, such as modules 12,14, forming a lower level, as shown in Figure 1, and modules 10,16, forming an upper level, as shown in Figure 2, and/or are located in aligned stacked relationship one above the other at different levels to form the building structure, such as modules 10,16 being located above modules 12,14, in aligned stacked relationship, as shown in Figure 2. The individual building modules are connected to one another by one or other form of interconnector and/or connector to form an interlocked array of building modules.

Primary colunm 20 is located about the mid-point of the inner longitudinal side of module 12 at a location where transverse ceiling beams 34 of modules 12,14, meet each other and also meet longitudinal ceiling beams 36 of both respective modules 12,14. A set of cross braces 40 of modules 12,14, also meet at the same location which is the exact same location as that of primary column 20, referred to as the node point of the module and of the building structure, since the node points are the main interconnection points at each level within the building structure, providing strength, rigidity, stability and load-bearing of the building structure, by transferring loading and forces between the various levels throughout the building structure, and hence throughout the building itself as both horizontal floor truss nodes and vertical wall bracing truss nodes.

As the disclosed system incorporates only one column as a primary column at each node, it offers the option of forming a united portal frame by providing rigid connections between the members for the entire building plane similar to a conventional structural steel building framing system. Similarly, it provides the option of coupling the adjoining vertical wall bracing units as one unit, providing greater lateral load capacity to the building structure as a whole. In this way the requirements of a concrete core/shear wall structure can be waived, which provides a considerable savings in cost and time.

The building structure described above utilizes the interconnection system that will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 3 to 8.

The interconnection system in this embodiment includes a projection in the form of a spigot, generally denoted as 50 best shown in Figures 3, 6 and 7, and a connector plate in the form

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 of a bolted intermediate shear plate 70. Generally, spigot 50 is arranged to extend outwardly from the upper end of the respective primary column to which it is fixedly attached, such as for example by welding, bolting or similar. It is to be noted that the spigot 50 can have any suitable or convenient form or be of any suitable type, including being provided optionally with a resiliently movable latch or lock capable of moving between a release position and a locked position. The spigot 50 is fixedly attached to the top of each of the primary columns 20 of lower module 12 and to the top of each of the primary columns 20 of lower module 14, as shown in Figure 1, for use in interconnecting the lower modules to the upper modules.

Spigot 50 is configured to engage with a receiver provided at or about the base of the corresponding primary column of an upper building module, including the primary column being in the form of a tube having an open lower end into which the spigot 50 is inserted. Spigot 50 fixedly attached to the top of column 20 extends vertically upwards from column 20 to be received through a central square aperture 54 of top plate or cap plate 56 located at the top of column 20, usually referred to as top plate 56. The term top plate will be used in this specification.

The interconnection system also includes a receiver (not shown) provided in the primary column 20 of upper module 10. The receiver is in the form of an open end of tubular column 20, typically a square section tube or similar, located at or towards the lower end of column 20. Column 20 is fixedly attached to one or more of floor beams 32 of module 10.

The interconnection system also includes a complementary connector in the form of a base plate 58 having a centrally located aperture 60 of the same size as the internal opening of column 20 and being fixedly attached to the lower end of column 20 to form part of the receiver of column 20, which is the combination of base plate 54, and the lower open section of column 20 for receiving therein spigot 50 when upper module 10 is secured to lower modules 12, 14. Although base plate 58 can have any suitable or convenient form, one preferred shape of base plate 58 is illustrated in Figures 7 and 8. Base plate 58 has a generally irregular hexagon shape having two generally rectangular end sections 62 and a midsection 64 provided with a pair of oppositely inclined tapering sides. Each end section 62 has a single pin as shown in Figures 7 and 8, acting as a locator for assisting the accurate positioning of the secondary columns 22 when sliding down against the primary columns 20 during installation of the modules, and midsection 64 is provided with a pair of spaced apart apertures in the form of holes or bores 66 for receiving therethrough suitable fasteners,

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 typically in the form of threaded bolts, advantageously high strength tension friction bolts or similar.

The interconnection system includes a connector in the form of an intermediate shear plate 70 which will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments of Figures 1 to 8. In one embodiment, the connector is a bolted intermediate shear plate in the form of a mid-point connector for interconnecting individual building modules at the respective mid points of the longitudinal sides of the modules. The intermediate shear plate 70 is locatable intermediate top plate 56 of lower module 12 and base plate 58 of upper module 10 to securely interconnect the upper and lower modules to one another. Although the intermediate shear plate can be of any suitable or convenient form as is required to securely interconnect building modules to one another, one preferred form is as described below.

In this embodiment, the plate 70 is of a generally straight sided octagonal shape having a first end section 72 provided with a squared off end 74, a second end section 76 located remotely from (i.e. opposite) the first end section and being provided with a second squared off end 78 in which the squared off ends 74, 78 of the first end section 72 and second end section 76 are substantially parallel to each other, and an enlarged central section 80 located intermediate both end sections in which the central section has convexly straight central sides 82 as illustrated in Figure 6. It is to be noted that the dimensions of the shear plate 70 can be any suitable or convenient size, including being smaller or larger than the described and illustrated form of the shear plate, depending upon the required number of fixing bolts needed to securely attach the upper module is to the lower modules. However, the octagonal form can reduce the amount of material in the plate 70.

Shear plate 70 is provided with central aperture 84 for receiving therethrough spigot 50. Typically, central aperture 84 is of a generally square or rectangular shape corresponding in size and shape to the size, shape and dimensions of the external dimensions of spigot 50. However, it is to be noted that the central aperture can have any suitable or convenient size or shape in accordance with the corresponding size and shape of spigot 50. First end section 72 is provided with a first set of apertures which include a first pair of holes or bores 86 being located at, towards or along one lateral side of first end section 72 for use in connecting plate 70 to module 12, and a second pair of apertures in the form of a pair of holes or bores 88 being located at, towards or along the other lateral side of first end section 72 for use in connecting to module 14. The holes or bores 86, 88 can be circular, elliptical,

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 oversize, elongated, slotted or the like for clearance when receiving suitable fasteners to provide for adjustment of the precise location of the plate with respect to the modules during interconnection to achieve exact alignment of columns 20 of the upper and lower modules. It is to be noted that all of the holes of shear plate 70 are typically oversized to allow for the required manufacturing and installation tolerances when constructing the modules. In some embodiments, there is a thick washer located in between the bolt head and the shear plate to bridge over the gap or clearance of the oversized hole. All bolts are advantageously to be friction type bolts.

Second end section 76 is provided with a second set of apertures in the form of holes or bores 90 located at, towards or along one lateral side of second end section 74 for use in connecting to module 12, and a fourth pair of apertures in the form of holes or bores 92 located at, towards or along the other lateral side of second end section 74 for use in

connecting to module 14.

The central section 80 includes a fifth pair of apertures in the form of a pair of holes or bores

94 located at, towards or along one lateral side of the central section 80 for use in connecting to module 12, and a sixth pair of apertures in the form of holes or bores 96 located at,

towards or along the other lateral side of the central section 80 for use in connecting to module 14.

Suitable fasteners, typically in the form of threaded bolts, advantageously high strength tension friction bolts, are received in each of the individual holes or bores of the six pairs of apertures of shear plate 70 to interconnect each of the modules to one another as required,

such as for example modules 10, 12 and 14.

Installation of first upper module 10 on top of two lower modules 12,14 located in side-by side relationship to each other will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 8. With lower modules 12,14, in side-by-side, abutting relationship to each other, and spigot 50

extending upwardly through top plate 56 from column 20 of one of the lower modules, intermediate shear plate 70 can be located over spigot 50 for being received through central aperture 84 to engage the upper surfaces of modules 12,14, and top plate 56 as shown more

particularly in Figures 3 and 5.

As shear plate 70 is located on top of the lower modules, access to shear plate 70 is possible

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 from above, thereby allowing technicians/workmen to insert and tighten bolts into all relevant apertures for firstly securing shear plate 70 in place and secondly for interconnecting the two modules 12,14 to each other as shown more particularly in Figure 6. Accordingly, the required number of threaded bolts are inserted into each pair of apertures in turn, except for the sixth pair of apertures 96 which are left vacant to allow for bolts of the base plate of column 20 of module 10 to pass through shear plate 70 and fixed to module 14 located below the shear plate, to secure shear plate 70 to modules 12, 14, and to interconnect modules 12 and 14 to one another as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The bolt threads screw into underlying apertures to enable tight mounting thereto.

Module 10 is then lowered towards interconnected modules 12,14 to align the lower open end of column 20 of module 10, with spigot 50 of the lower module so that spigot 50 can be received into the open end of column 20 of module 10 and base plate 58. In this position the

apertures 66 provided in base plate 58 are aligned with the sixth pair of apertures 96 of shear

plate 70 thereby allowing high strength tension friction bolts to be inserted into the aligned openings of base plate 58 and shear plate 70 to be threadingly tightened to securely connect

module 10 to the lower modules 12,14. In this position column 20 of module 10 is in vertical alignment with the primary column 20 of the lower modules 12,14. As the upper

surface of the base plate 58 is exposed, workmen have access to shear plate 70 from above to insert and tighten the bolts in the sixth pair of apertures 96 of shear plate 70 to securely interconnect module 10 to the lower modules 12, 14 as shown more particularly in Figure 8.

After module 10 has been secured in place above module 12, the second upper level module, being module 16, is installed, typically above module 14. Module 16 is provided with four secondary columns 22 located along the inner facing side and three primary columns 20 located along the outer facing side as shown in Figure 12. During installation, module 16 is

positioned with respect to module 10 so that the pair of secondary columns 22 located about the midpoint of the inner longitudinal side are aligned with primary column 20 located at the mid-point of the inner longitudinal side of module 10 so that column 20 can be located

within space 18 formed between the two closely spaced apart secondary columns 22. Simultaneously, comer secondary columns 22 of module 16 are located in abutting relationship against respective comer primary columns 20 of module 10, as shown more

particularly in Figure 2 so that there is no unnecessary protrusion of the primary and secondary columns of each module into the floor space of the adjacent module, respectively.

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21

Turning now to Figs. 9 to 14, a second embodiment of the connector will now be described This form of interconnector is a midpoint intermediate bolted shear plate for use in interconnecting individual building modules to one another at the midpoints of the longitudinal sides of the respective modules by interconnecting the primary columns of the

upper and lower modules when in aligned stacked relationship to one another. The difference with the earlier embodiment is that the longitudinal side forms a boundary/outer edge of the building structure.

Midpoint intermediate shear plate 170 is similar to shear plate 70 apart from not having the

second end portion so that the truncated end of plate 170 fits flush with the outer edge of the ceiling beams of the modules being interconnected together using plate 170. Similar to the earlier embodiment described, the modified form of the intermediate bolted shear plate 170 is provided with a central square aperture 84 to receive therethrough spigot 50 as shown in

Figures 9 to 11 and suitable threaded bolts received through the respective pairs of apertures

90, 92, 94 and 96 provided on the plate 170. Likewise, the base plate 58 is also truncated so that it locates in a flush manner with the shear plate 170 (and thereby outer edge of the

ceiling beams of the modules). Operation of plate 170 is the same as operation of plate 70 to interconnect the various modules to one another. It is to be noted that the various stages of

locating plate 170 over spigot 50 in preparation for of the upper module being located over spigot 50 and bolted thereto to interconnect the various modules to one another is the same as that previously described for the corresponding stages with respect to intermediate shear

plate 70.

Referring to Figures 15 to 18, a third embodiment of the connector comprising a further

modified form of intermediate bolted shear plate will be described.

First lower building module 202 includes a longitudinal ceiling beam 206 and a transverse ceiling beam 208 having a pair of apertures 209. Second lower building module 204 includes a longitudinal ceiling beam 210 and a transverse ceiling beam 212 having a pair of

apertures 213 as shown in Figure 15.

One of the first lower building module 202 or the second lower building module 204 is

provided with a primary column 218 (shown in Figures 19 to 24). A top plate or cap plate 222 is fixed in place at the top of the primary column 218, such as for example by welding or

similar, to close the open upper end of the column. Spigot 220 is fixedly connected to cap

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 plate 222 at the top of the primary column to extend vertically upwards to be received in the base of the open lower end of upper primary column provided on an upper building module (to be described in more detail later). Although one form of spigot 220 is shown in Figures 15, 16 and 17, the spigot can be of any suitable or convenient form or type.

A connector in the form of a further modified intermediate shear plate 230 is located over top plate 222 at the top of the primary column. Shear plate 230 includes a central aperture

232 of a size and shape corresponding to the size and shape of spigot 220 so that spigot 220 is received through aperture 232 when shear plate 230 is located on the top of the primary

column for use in interconnecting individual building modules 202, 204. Shear plate 230 has a first end 234 having two spaced apart apertures 236 with spacing, size and orientation corresponding to the spacing, size and orientation of the pair of apertures 209 of transverse ceiling beam 208, enabling a pair of bolts 238 to be received therethrough when shear plate

230 is in alignment with transverse ceiling beam 208 to interconnect beam 208 of module

202 with shear plate 230 as shown more particularly in Figure 16. Shear plate 230 also includes a second end 240 located on the opposite side to that of first end 234 and is also

provided with a pair of apertures 242 for receiving therethrough a pair of bolts 252 to connect shear plate 230 and an upper building module to transverse ceiling beam 212 of

module 204 as shown more particularly in Figure 18 (to be described in more detail later).

A first upper building module 241 is provided with a first upper module primary column 243

located between a pair of longitudinal floor beams 246 as shown more particularly in Figures 17 and 18. It is to be noted that primary column 243 is located at or about the midpoint of the longitudinal side of module 241 in order to form a node point with the primary column of

the lower building modules 202, 204 which is also located at or about the midpoint of the respective longitudinal sides of modules 202, 204. A base plate 245 having a suitably shaped

aperture corresponding in shape to the shape and dimensions of spigot 220 is provided at the lower end of upper primary column 243 so that spigot 230 is received through the aligned aperture of base plate 245 in the lower end of upper primary column 243.

The complementary connector used in this embodiment is different to the one described in the earlier embodiments. In this case, the complementary connector is in the form of a

generally L-shaped base bracket 247 having upright flange 248 and horizontal shelf 250 is fixedly mounted to one side wall of the base of rectangular or square column 243 by suitable

mounting means, such as for example, by welding or similar. Upright flange 248 is mounted

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 flush with the external wall of column 243 whereas shelf 250 extends outwardly substantially perpendicularly to the lengthwise extending axis of column 243. Shelf 250 is provided with a pair of spaced apart apertures for receiving there through suitable fasteners in the form of bolts 252, typically high strength tensile friction bolts, for connecting bracket

247 and hence first upper module 241 to transverse ceiling beam 212 of lower module 204 to interconnect modules 204 and 241 to one another as shown in Figures 17 and 18. The interconnection system of this embodiment also comprises a seating bracket, typically in the

form of a pair of spaced apart short lengths of square section hollow tubes 260 located on the upper surface of floor beam 246, one on either side of column 243, to extend in a

transversely extending direction to the lengthwise extending direction of ceiling beam 210. Tubes 260 are fixedly mounted to floor beam 246, such as for example, by welding to support the secondary column of adjacent module 16. Although tubes 260 are illustrated as being substantially square section tubes, typically SHS, as illustrated in Figures 17, 18, it is

to be noted that tubes 260 can be of any other suitable or convenient shape or form or type.

A pin 262 is located at or towards the outboard end of tube 260 to extend upwardly from the upper surface of tube 260 for assisting in accurately positioning secondary column 244 of a

second upper module 216 during installation as best shown in Figs. 23 and 24.

In a further embodiment, the shear plate 230 and complementary connector arrangement described for Figures 15-18 can also be used to interconnect adjacent lower modules and upper modules in aligned stacked relationship to one another at the corners of the respective

modules as shown more particularly in Figures 19 to 24 as well as being used to interconnect adjacent side-by-side modules and modules in aligned stacked relationship one upon the other at the respective midpoints of the modules as shown in Figures 15 to 18.

In Figures 19 to 24, shear plate 230 interconnects two lower building modules 202, 204 to

one another at the respective comers of each module in a manner similar to that as previously described with respect to interconnecting the modules at the midpoints of the respective longitudinal sides. Location of shear plate 230 over spigot 220 and mounting to

the ceiling beams of the lower modules as shown in Figures 19 and 20 are similar to that previously described with respect to Figures 15 and 16. Similarly, installation of first upper building module 241 in stacked alignment with the pair of interconnected lower building

modules 202, 204 using bracket 247 is the same as previously described. It is to be noted that the primary column 218 located intermediate lower modules 202, 204 as illustrated in

Figures 19 to 24 in alignment with the corresponding primary column 243 of upper module

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21

241 is shown more particularly in figures 22 to 24.

In operation, lower modules 202, 204 are located in side by side abutting relationship with primary column 218 located at the comer of one of modules 202 or 204. It is to be noted that

if the lower modules are provided with additional primary columns or secondary columns the location of the columns are such as to not extend into the floor space of an adjacent module, such as for example, as illustrated in Figures 19 to 24 which show the location of both

primary columns and secondary columns.

Shear plate 230 is fitted over spigot 220 and attached to second lower module 204 using bolts 238 are shown in figure 20. First upper module 241 is positioned above the pair of lower modules 202, 204 so that spigot 220 is received in the open end of upper secondary column 243 whereupon module 241 is fixedly connected to module 204 by top bracket 247

and bolts 252 as shown more particularly in Figure 22.

It is to be noted that owing to the sequence of steps in installing each individual module in

either side-by-side relationship or aligned stacked relationship as illustrated in Figures 19 to 24, access to interconnect the various modules to one another from above is maintained

substantially at all times owing to the relevant parts of the intermediate bolted shear plate being exposed to view and access to by technicians/workmen or other operatives from above at substantially all times during installation of individual modules.

Further, it is to be noted that in the embodiment of the intermediate bolted shear plate of Figures 17 to 24 since column 243 is in vertical alignment with column 218 at the node point

and there is little or no movement of column 243 with respect to column 218, the forces and loadings of the building are transferred through the node point at the interface of the top of

column 218 and base of column 243 to enhance the strength, rigidity and integrity of the building structure made from the individual building modules.

Advantages

At least one advantage of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may include

the following:

Use of at least one form of the intermediate bolted shear plate in accordance with the present

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 description accommodates and is more forgiving of larger construction tolerances within the building structure since only a single primary column is required to be aligned during installation of an upper module when lowering the upper module into place for interconnection to the lower module or modules.

Combinations of ceiling cross bracing, intermediate bolted shear plates, column base plates and column top plates at a single location, being the node point of the building module

allowing bolting together externally provides an efficient and desirable arrangement structurally thereby reducing or eliminating undesirable additional bending moments due to

eccentricities of the interlocking joint between the respective building modules.

Another advantage of embodiments of the described system is that as the system incorporates only one column as a primary column at each node, it offers the option of

forming a united portal frame action by providing rigid connections between the members

for the entire building plane similar to conventional structural steel building framing systems. Similarly, it provides the option of coupling the adjoining vertical wall bracing

units as one unit, thereby providing greater lateral load capacity to the building structure as a whole. In this way the need for having concrete core/ shear wall structures can be waived

which provides considerable saving in cost and time.

Another advantage of embodiments of the described system using an all bolted connection

shear plate enables access to the bolts from the accessible/exposed top of the module enabling fixing of the bolts and tightening the bolts to a predetermined torsion, thereby negating the need to do any further or remedial works internally within the module or on the

finished facade.

Another advantage of embodiments of the described system is that the secondary columns are designed to slide in next to the primary columns within a recess of the particular floor to avoid protruding into the room space resulting in a thinner/narrower partition and party walls

between individual modules.

A further advantage of having connection from outside is that the PPVC can be made

weather tight and that the facade can be finished. The shortcoming of some other PPVC systems require fixing from either the facade (such as for example, face fixed with bolts) or

from inside the module.

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21

Another advantage of embodiments of the described system is that the shear plate is bolted to

the horizontal bracing units at the top of the module. The bolting arrangement prevents the lateral movement of the joints prior to engagement, which is the contrary to the conventional

steel PPVC system where shear plates have up to 4mm tolerances for movements and rely on friction to transfer the lateral force before they begin to move.

Variations and modifications may be made to the parts previously described without departing from the spirit or ambit of the disclosure.

In the claims which follow and in the preceding description, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify

the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further

features in various embodiments of the connector, interconnection system and building structure.

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21

Claims

1. A connector for interconnecting a first building module and a second building module to form an array or assembly or part of an array or assembly of a building structure, the connector being locatable between the first building module and the second building module to securely interconnect the first and second modules to one another, the connector comprising a body having a central portion provided with a main aperture for receiving therethrough a projection fixedly attached to the first module and extending outwardly from the first module to facilitate alignment of the first and second modules to each other, the central portion provided with at least one fastening aperture configured to receive a respective central portion fastener, the fastening aperture accessible externally of the building modules to facilitate secure interconnection of the first and second modules to one another when the modules are in an aligned stacked relationship.

2. A connector as defined in claim 1, wherein the central portion is provided with at least one fastening aperture, such as two fastening apertures, being located on opposite sides of the central portion and on either side of the main aperture.

3. A connector as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein the connector comprises a first side portion comprising a first group of apertures for receiving a first set of fasteners therethrough and a second side portion located remote from the first side portion and comprising a second group of apertures for receiving a second set of fasteners therethrough, wherein the central portion is located intermediate the first side portion and second side portion, and wherein the first and second group of fasteners facilitate securing the connector with adjacent modules in a side-by-side relationship.

4. A connector as defined in claim 3, wherein the connector is octagonal in shape with straight edges, and wherein the first group of apertures are located adjacent to one end edge of the octagonal shape, the second group of apertures are located adjacent

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 to an opposing end edge of the octagonal shape to said one end edge, and wherein the at least one fastening aperture is located adjacent to each of opposite side edges of the octagonal shape, each of the side edges being spaced from each of the end edges by a respective angled edge of the octagonal shape.

5. A connector as defined in claims 3 or 4, wherein the connector is located at a junction formed by at least two or more of ceiling cross braces, transverse ceiling beams or longitudinal ceiling beams of at least two adjacent building modules.

6. A connector as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein the connector comprises a first side portion located remote from the central portion, the first side portion comprising a first group of apertures for receiving a first group of fasteners therethrough wherein the first group of fasteners facilitate securing the connector with adjacent modules in a side-by-side relationship.

7. A connector as defined in claim 6, wherein a side of the connector is located in a flush manner with an outer edge of ceiling beams of the adjacent modules, the flush side opposing the first side portion.

8. A connector as defined in any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the first group of apertures, second group of apertures and the at least one fastening aperture comprise holes or bores that are circular, elliptical, elongated or slotted.

9. A connector as defined in claim 8 wherein, the holes or bores are oversized.

10. A connector as defined in any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the first group of fasteners, the second group of fasteners and the at least one central portion fastener are composed of friction type bolts or threaded bolts.

11. A connector as defined in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main aperture is square or rectangular in shape.

12. A connector as defined in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shape of the main aperture is complementary to the shape of the projection extending from the

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 first module.

13. An interconnection system for interconnecting a first building module having a first support member and a second building module having a second support member to

form an array or assembly or part of an array or assembly of a building structure, the interconnection system comprising: a projection fixedly attached to the first module and extending outwardly from the first module,

the second support member of the second module provided with a receiver, and a connector as defined in any one of claims I to 12,

wherein when the connector is fixed to the first module, and the first module and the second module are in aligned stacked relationship, the projection is able to

extend through the main aperture of the connector and into cooperative engagement

with the receiver of the second support member of the second module to interconnect the first module and the second module.

14. An interconnection system as defined in claim 13, wherein the second support member of the second module is securely interconnected to the first module by

introducing at least one central portion fastener through the at least one externally

accessible fastening aperture.

15. An interconnection system as defined in claim 14, wherein the second support member of the second module is securely interconnected to the connector by a

complementary connector that is secured to the second support member, wherein the at least one central portion fastener is introduced through a corresponding aperture of the complementary connector that is aligned with the at least one fastening

aperture when the projection extends through the main aperture of the connector and into the receiver of the second module.

16. An interconnection system as defined in claim 15, wherein the connector is as

defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, and wherein the complementary connector comprises a plate that is connected to an in-use lower end of the second support member, the complementary connector plate comprising at least one corresponding

aperture therethrough that is able to align with the at least one fastening aperture to

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 receive therethrough the at least one central portion fastener.

17. An interconnection system as defined in claim 15, wherein the connector is as

defined in claims 6 or 7, and wherein the complementary connector comprises a

plate that is connected to an in-use lower end of the second support member, the complementary connector plate comprising at least one corresponding aperture therethrough that is able to align with the at least one fastening aperture to receive therethrough the at least one central portion fastener.

18. An interconnection system as defined in claim 15, wherein the connector is as

defined in claim 2, wherein the complementary connector comprises an L-shaped bracket comprising two plates, one plate of the L-shaped bracket being connected to

a side of an in-use lower end of the second support member, the other plate of the L shaped bracket comprising at least one corresponding aperture therethrough that is

able to align with the at least one fastening aperture to receive therethrough the at least one central portion fastener.

19. An interconnection system as defined in claim 18, the system further comprising at least one positioning member, such as a tubular member of square hollow section,

that is located in relation to a lower end of the second support member, wherein the at least one positioning member can facilitate positioning of an adjacent, such as an overlying, building module.

20. An interconnection system as defined in claim 19, wherein the at least one positioning member comprises a connector pin that extends therethrough, the connector pin able to connect the at least one positioning member to the underlying

beam of the first building module.

21. An interconnection system as defined in any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the first and second support members each comprise a column such as of rectangular hollow

section.

22. An interconnection system as defined in any one of claims 13 to 21, further comprising secondary support columns, such as of rectangular hollow section, the

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21 secondary support columns arranged to facilitate support of overlying components of the array or assembly of a building structure.

23. A building structure comprising two or more building modules interconnected

together in aligned stacked relationship using the interconnection system of any one of claims 13 to 22, the interconnection system comprising one or more connectors as

defined in any one of claims I to 12.

24. A building structure according to claim 23, wherein the first and second support members of the first and second building modules each comprise a respective

column, such as of rectangular hollow section, each column arranged to support at least one floor beam and at least one ceiling beam of the first or second modules and

their respective adjacent modules.

25. A building structure according to claim 24, the structure further comprising one or more secondary columns, such as of rectangular hollow section, the secondary support columns arranged to facilitate support of overlying components of the array or assembly of a building structure.

26. A building structure according to claim 25, wherein each secondary column is

positioned adjacent to a respective first or second support member, the positioning of each secondary column being such that, when the building structure is completed, the secondary column locates in a void space, such as in a cavity of a wall that extends from a respective first and/or second support member.

17925567_1 (GHMatters) P113786.AU.1 29/07/21

10 40 34 18 36 22 16

32 20 38 22

12

14 FIG 1 12 FIG 2 14 20 1/11

10 16 30 70 36 22 12 50 40

10 50 20 34 FIG 3 40 14 FIG 4

90 76 84 70 70

34 96 94

40 88 86 36 2/11

82 72 12

14

56 54 96 82 50

FIG 5 FIG 6

60 20 32 30 62 20 10

66 64 62 30

34 58 70 40 70 3/11

78 36 76 34 50 14 12 14 80 74

34 84 40 72 34 96

FIG 7 FIG 8

92 12 40 40 84 170 170 90 94 96 50 34 36 40

14 4/11

14 54 56 50 12

22 22

FIG 9 FIG 10

22 32

30 32 30

58 36 34 40 54 5/11

74 170 36 56 36 58

50

54 36

96 FIG 12 FIG 11

32 32 32

74 170 170 6/11

58 58 36

36

FIG 13 FIG 14

236 232 238 202 230

206 230 206 208 208 242 234 238 208 240 209 202 204 202 220 7/11

204 220 210 212 222

213 204 212 210

FIG 15 FIG 16

260 246 262 246 241 243

252 243 246

260 248 246

250 212 230 247 230 8/11

210 202 230 238 210 212 204 220 252

204

210 FIG 18 FIG 17

230 202 232 230 238

210 210 208 208

220 220 9/11

222 204 222

218 22 22 218

FIG 20 FIG 19

246 243 246 243 246 243 247 260 248 245 230 250 248 238 230 10/11

247

220 252 222

218 218 FIG 22 FIG 21

244 246 243

208

230 230 11/11

245 245 248 222 222

218 218 216 FIG 24 FIG 23