AU2021106735A4 - Paving material compositions and production processes therefor - Google Patents

Paving material compositions and production processes therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2021106735A4
AU2021106735A4 AU2021106735A AU2021106735A AU2021106735A4 AU 2021106735 A4 AU2021106735 A4 AU 2021106735A4 AU 2021106735 A AU2021106735 A AU 2021106735A AU 2021106735 A AU2021106735 A AU 2021106735A AU 2021106735 A4 AU2021106735 A4 AU 2021106735A4
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plastic
composition
waste
extruder
plastic pieces
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AU2021106735A
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Akanksha TIWARI
Ashwani Tiwari
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C39/24—Feeding the material into the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C39/38—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0412—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/042—Mixing disintegrated particles or powders with other materials, e.g. with virgin materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
    • B29K2023/0633—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
    • B29K2023/065—HDPE, i.e. high density polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2025/04—Polymers of styrene
    • B29K2025/06—PS, i.e. polystyrene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2067/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
    • C04B18/165—Ceramic waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C13/045—Pavings made of prefabricated single units the prefabricated single units consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/20—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units of plastics, e.g. concrete with plastics, linoleum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

A method of producing paving material compositions comprises collecting mixed plastic waste; granulating the plastic waste into plastic pieces; feeding the plastic pieces and other ingredients comprising at least agent into an extruder wherein the extruder heats and mixes the plastic pieces and other ingredients to form a slurry; and pouring the slurry from the extruder into moulds. The composition may comprise 40% to 75% binding agent comprising the mixed plastic waste and 30% to 80% strengthening agent. 7

Description

Paving material compositions and production processes therefor
Field of the Invention
[0001] This invention relates generally to paving material for pavers, blocks, tiles and the like, and more particularly, to paving material which can be manufactured using mixed plastic waste.
Background of the Invention
[0002] Paving materials for pavers, blocks, tiles and the like have been proposed to include plastic waste, but which are generally disadvantaged by the need for segregation of plastic waste into specific types of requisite plastic such as polystyrene and polyethylene.
[0003] The present invention seeks to provide a way to overcome or substantially ameliorate at least some of the deficiencies of the prior art, or to at least provide an alternative.
[0004] It is to be understood that, if any prior art information is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the information forms part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country.
Summary of the Disclosure
[0005] There is provided herein paving material compositions for pavers, blocks, tiles and the like and a process of production thereof which can use mixed plastic waste thereby avoiding the costs and other disadvantages of plastic segregation whilst providing a product having adequate physical stress and chemical resistance suited for its intended application.
[0006] More specifically, there is provided herein a method of producing paving material compositions comprising collecting mixed plastic waste, granulating the plastic waste into plastic pieces and feeding the plastic pieces and other ingredients into a custom extruder that heats and mixes the plastic ingredients to form a slurry.
[0007] The slurry may then be cooled and cured to form products such as pavers, blocks, tiles and the like.
[0008] Advantageously, the process does not require segregation of plastics and may
use plastics of more than one type, including PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), HDPE
(High density polyethylene), LDPE (Low density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene),
polystyrene and MLP (Multi-layer plastic).
[0009] The present extruder may heat the plastic pieces and other ingredients to
between 120°C - 400°C. Furthermore, the extruder may at least one of mix and heat
the plastic pieces and other ingredients to form a generally homogenous slurry such
as by rotating up to 25 RPM.
[0010] The plastic pieces may be washed with water prior feeding into the extruder to
remove impurities and contaminants of the water can be recycled, thereby reducing
water wastage.
[0011] The compositions may comprise 40% to 75% comprising mixed plastic waste
as a binding agent for the composition and 30% to 80% strengthening agent and/or
granulated concrete construction waste.
[0012] Ingredients may further comprise a smoothing agent such as fly ash or granular
ceramic waste. Colouring agent, including one having a titanium base may be added
also.
[0013] Other aspects of the invention are also disclosed.
Description of Embodiments
[0014] A method of producing paving material composition comprises collecting mixed
plastic waste, granulating the plastic waste into plastic pieces and feeding the plastic
pieces and other constituent ingredients into an extruder. The present extruder is
designed to heat and mix the plastic pieces and other ingredients to form a slurry
which can then be poured into moulds for curing and settling.
[0015] The raw ingredients preferably comprise 40% to 75% mixed plastic waste
which essentially serves as a binding agent for the composition and 30% to 80%
strengthening agent.
[0016] The plastic waste comprises two or more of PET (Polyethylene terephthalate),
HDPE (High density polyethylene), LDPE (Low density polyethylene), PP
(polypropylene), polystyrene and MLP (Multi-layer plastic) collected from general household and industrial waste. As alluded to above, the plastic waste need not be segregated or otherwise separated for the present process.
[0017] The strengthening agent is granular, and preferably has particulate size of less
than approximately 5 mm. The strengthening agent may comprise sand and/or
granulated concrete construction waste.
[0018]The ingredients may further comprise between approximately 3% to 10%
smoothing agent. The smoothing agent comprises fly ash and/or granulated ceramic
waste.
[0019] The ingredients may further comprise up to 10% colouring agent. The colouring
agent may comprise a titanium dioxide base.
[0020] Waste may be granulated to plastic pieces generally less than 20 mm in size.
The plastic pieces may be washed in water to remove impurities and contaminants
and subsequently dried prior feeding into the extruder.
[0021] In embodiments, the plastic pieces may be mixed with a copolymer in a mixer.
[0022] The extruder may be configured to initially heat the plastic pieces and other
ingredients to between 120° - 400°C. The extruder may at least one of mix and rotate
the heated plastic pieces and the other ingredients to form a generally homogenous
slurry.
[0023]The extruder may rotate or mix the plastic pieces and other ingredients at up
to 25 RPM.
[0024] The slurry may be pressurised in the moulds for between 30 seconds and 30
minutes to aid the curing process.
[0025] The present paving material and production process can advantageously use
mixed plastic from household and industrial waste without the cost of segregation
thereof. The plastic additive further provides a lighter weight product and the present
production process does not consume a large amount of water wherein any water
used for washing the plastic pieces may be recycled.
[0026] Furthermore, paving material produced by the present process has sufficient
physical and chemical resistance suited for its intended application.
[0027] The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific
nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will
be apparent to one skilled in the art that specific details are not required in order to
practise the invention. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of
the invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not
intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed as
obviously many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above
teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the
principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling others
skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various
modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the
following claims and their equivalents define the scope of the invention.
[0028] The term "approximately" or similar as used herein should be construed as
being within 10% of the value stated unless otherwise indicated.

Claims (23)

  1. Claims 1. A method of producing paving material compositions comprising:
    collecting mixed plastic waste;
    granulating the plastic waste into plastic pieces;
    feeding the plastic pieces and other ingredients comprising at least agent into
    an extruder wherein the extruder heats and mixes the plastic pieces and other
    ingredients to form a slurry; and
    pouring the slurry from the extruder into moulds.
  2. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises using mixed
    plastic waste comprising at least two types of different plastic.
  3. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the plastic waste comprises at
    least two of PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), HDPE (High density polyethylene),
    LDPE (Low density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), polystyrene and MLP (Multi
    layer plastic),
  4. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising pressurising the slurry in
    the moulds.
  5. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising allowing the slurry to
    cure in the moulds for between 30 seconds and 30 minutes.
  6. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic waste is granulated to
    plastic pieces less than 20 mm in diameter.
  7. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising washing the plastic
    pieces with water to remove impurities and contaminants and subsequently drying the
    plastic pieces.
  8. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising recycling the water to
    wash further plastic pieces.
  9. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising mixing the plastic pieces
    with a copolymer in a mixer.
  10. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extruder initially heats the
    plastic pieces and other ingredients to between 1200 - 400°C.
  11. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extruder at least one of mixes
    and rotates the heated plastic pieces and other ingredients to form a generally
    homogenous slurry.
  12. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the extruder mixes or rotates up
    to 25 RPM.
  13. 13. A paving material composition comprising:
    40% to 75% binding agent comprising mixed plastic waste; and
    30% to 80% strengthening agent.
  14. 14. The composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plastic waste comprises
    at least two of PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), HDPE (High density polyethylene),
    LDPE (Low density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), polystyrene and MLP (Multi
    layer plastic),
  15. 15. The composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein the strengthening agent is
    granular.
  16. 16. The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the strengthening agent has
    particulate size of less than approximately 5 mm.
  17. 17. The composition as claimed in claim 16, wherein the strengthening agent
    comprises sand.
  18. 18. The composition as claimed in claim 16, wherein the strengthening agent
    comprises granulated concrete construction waste.
  19. 19. The composition as claimed in claim 13, further comprising 3% to 10%
    smoothing agent.
  20. 20. The composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein the smoothing agent
    comprises fly ash.
  21. 21. The composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein smoothing agent comprises
    granular ceramic waste.
  22. 22. The composition as claimed in claim 19, further comprising up to 10%
    colouring agent.
  23. 23. The composition as claimed in claim 22, wherein the colouring agent
    comprises a titanium dioxide base.
AU2021106735A 2021-08-24 2021-08-24 Paving material compositions and production processes therefor Active AU2021106735A4 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Publication Number Publication Date
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