AU2021103339A4 - A Process for Fabricating Nanocomposite Charge Carrier Photoanode by Coupling Porous ZnO With Covalent Organic Framework - Google Patents
A Process for Fabricating Nanocomposite Charge Carrier Photoanode by Coupling Porous ZnO With Covalent Organic Framework Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013310 covalent-organic framework Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KFYRPLNVJVHZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitriptyline hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 KFYRPLNVJVHZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin hydrochloride Natural products CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEKVBIXIBCYLRT-RSAXXLAASA-N [4-[(2e)-2-[3-[(2s)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]phenyl]-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC([N+](C)(C)C)=CC=C1N\N=C/1C(=O)C=CC(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=C\1 XEKVBIXIBCYLRT-RSAXXLAASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGMMULTLDDGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,4-dihydrotriazin-5-yl]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C=C1)N1NN(CC(=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N XAGMMULTLDDGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004329 metformin hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OETHQSJEHLVLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N OETHQSJEHLVLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013384 organic framework Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229960003105 metformin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000349 field-emission scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002058 anti-hyperglycaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000879 imine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003361 porogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
- H01L31/022483—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers composed of zinc oxide [ZnO]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C01P2006/16—Pore diameter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
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- C08G73/0273—Polyamines containing heterocyclic moieties in the main chain
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a process for fabricating nanocomposite charge
carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with covalent organic framework. The process
comprises: synthesizing nano-porous ZnO (NZO-1) using templated route under
hydrothermal condition by coupling porous zinc oxide with a covalent organic framework
material; synthesizing TRIPTA COF; and preparing NZO-1/COF nanocomposite material by
mixing TRIPTA COF and NZO-1 in 1:14 ratio in methanol dispersion for fabricating devices
for several sustainable energy applications.
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A Process for Fabricating Nanocomposite Charge Carrier Photoanode by Coupling Porous ZnO With Covalent Organic Framework
The present disclosure relates to a process for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with covalent organic framework.
The considerable variation in physical and chemical properties associated with structural changes in metal oxides has led to a lot of research for tuning the nanostructures of different metal oxides to enhance their surface properties. Metal oxide nanostructures are studied intensively due to their versatility in application and structural diversity. Silicalites, aluminophosphates, and aluminosilicate zeolites crystallize with multiple porous 3D frameworks; they use different organic template molecules that act as porogen or structure directing agents (SDA) during their hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis. Similar success has not been achieved for the synthesis of crystalline open framework porous metal oxides.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, there is a need to develop a process for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with a covalent organic framework.
The present disclosure relates to a process for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with the covalent organic framework. In this disclosure, a new crystalline phase for nano-porous ZnO (NZO-1) has been disclosed via hydrothermal templating pathway by using commercially available antihyperglycemic drug metformin, widely used for the treatment of diabetes. Metformin being rich in electron donor amine and imine groups, chain-like structure, and highly soluble in water, is assumed to possess a structure-directing role within the crystallization of ZnO.
In an embodiment, a process 100 for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with covalent organic framework, said process comprises the following steps: at step 102, synthesizing nano-porous ZnO (NZO-1) using templated route under hydrothermal condition by coupling porous zinc oxide with a covalent organic framework material; at step 104, synthesizing TRIPTA COF; and at step 106, preparing NZO-1/COF nanocomposite material by mixing TRIPTA COF and NZO-1 in 1:14 ratio in methanol dispersion for fabricating devices for several sustainable energy applications.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a process for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with covalent organic framework in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 illustrates AFM 3-D topography images with and without shade of NZO-1, 2-D AFM topographic image in higher magnification of NZO-1, FE-SEM image of NZO-1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
For the hydrothermal synthesis of a new nano-porous crystalline ZnO material, metformin acts as an effective organic structure-directing agent. ZnO displayed nano rod-like morphology. Primarily, defect sites introduced in this crystalline ZnO phase due to nanoscale porosity are responsible for its unique charge transport and optical properties. This disclosure by coupling this porous zinc oxide with a covalent organic framework material fabricated an effective charge carrier photoanode. The resulting new heterojunction nanocomposite material displayed at neutral pH conditions, excellent photon-to-current conversion efficiency, and via water-splitting, high photocurrent density in photoelectrochemical OER. The utilization of metformin by the new templating pathway in directing the presence of pores of nanoscale dimensions, novel crystalline metal oxide structure, shallow optical band gap together with high specific surface area, and high efficiency of its heterojunction photoanode with COF in photoelectrochemical OER.
Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.
Reference throughout this specification to "an aspect", "another aspect" or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Figure 1 illustrates a process for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with covalent organic framework in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the process 100 for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with covalent organic framework, said process comprises the following steps: at step 102, synthesizing nano-porous ZnO (NZO-1) using templated route under hydrothermal condition by coupling porous zinc oxide with a covalent organic framework material; at step 104, synthesizing TRIPTA COF; and at step 106, preparing NZO-1/COF nanocomposite material by mixing TRIPTA COF and NZO-1 in 1:14 ratio in methanol dispersion for fabricating devices for several sustainable energy applications.
In another embodiment, the process, wherein, a process for synthesizing nano-porous ZnO (NZO-1) comprises: mixing 3.Ommol of metformin hydrochloride in 10ml of water in a beaker to make a solution by vigorous stirring in room temperature; adding aqueous ammonia solution drop-wise to adjust pH as required; adding 1 mmol Zn(N0 3) 2 dissolved in 5 ml water while continuing stirring under room temperature for 4 h; putting solution inside a Teflon lined stainless steel autoclave and put under hydrothermal conditions at 1200 Celsius for 72 h; collecting formed light brown product and thereafter filtered; washing with plenty of water and drying under vacuum; calcinating sample at 600° Celsius for 4 h in under ambient air to get template free off white porous ZnO materials; and obtaining NZO-1A when hydrothermal reaction is stopped at after 36 h, followed by filtration, washing and calcinating at 600° Celsius for 4 h that helps us understand intermediate stage of formation of NZO-1.
In another embodiment, the process, wherein, synthesis of TRIPTA COF comprises: trimerizing 4-aminobenzonitrilewas by addition of triflurosulfonic acid under refluxing condition to obtain 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)triazine (TAPT); taking 0.50 mmol TAPT and 0.50 mmol triformyl phlurogucinol in a sealed tube with 6 ml anhydrous DMF, followed by flash freezing to get rid of dissolved oxygen; placing mixture static in 150 0 Celsius for 24 h; and filtering resultant solid and washing thoroughly with methanol and tetrahydrofuran to obtain brown solid TRIPTA COF.
In yet another embodiment, the process, wherein, for ZnO-B/COF this ZnO-B to COF ratio was same, with NZO-1 replaced by ZnO-B (bulk wurtzite ZnO); photogenerated electrons in CB of NZO transferred to CB of COF and from COF electrons are transferred to an external circuit via FTO; porous ZnO material NZO-1 is prepared under hydrothermal conditions; before sorption analysis samples are degassed at 150 °C under high vacuum for removal of adsorbed water molecules; sample for TEM analysis is prepared by dispersion of sample in methanol and thereafter drop-casted on a carbon polymer-coated copper grid.
Figure 2 illustrates AFM 3-D topography images with and without shade of NZO-1, 2-D AFM topographic image in higher magnification of NZO-1, FE-SEM image of NZO-1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In an implementation, the hydrothermal synthesis of a new nano-porous crystalline ZnO material, metformin acts as an effective organic structure-directing agent. ZnO displayed nano rod-like morphology. Primarily, defect sites introduced in this crystalline ZnO phase due to nanoscale porosity are responsible for its unique charge transport and optical properties. This disclosure by coupling this porous zinc oxide with a covalent organic framework material fabricated an effective charge carrier photoanode. The resulting new heterojunction nanocomposite material (fig 2) displayed at neutral pH conditions, excellent photon-to-current conversion efficiency, and via water-splitting, high photocurrent density in photoelectrochemical OER. The utilization of metformin by the new templating pathway in directing the presence of pores of nanoscale dimensions, novel crystalline metal oxide structure (Fig 2), shallow optical band gap together with high specific surface area, and high efficiency of its heterojunction photoanode with COF in photoelectrochemical OER.
The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as given by the following claims.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any component(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A process for fabricating nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling porous ZnO with covalent organic framework, said process comprises:
synthesizing nano-porous ZnO (NZO-1) using templated route under hydrothermal condition by coupling porous zinc oxide with a covalent organic framework material;
synthesizing TRIPTA COF; and
preparing NZO-1/COF nanocomposite material by mixing TRIPTA COF and NZO 1 in 1:14 ratio in methanol dispersion for fabricating devices for several sustainable energy applications.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a process for synthesizing nano-porous ZnO (NZO-1) comprises:
mixing 3.Ommol of metformin hydrochloride in 10ml of water in a beaker to make a solution by vigorous stirring in room temperature; adding aqueous ammonia solution drop-wise to adjust pH as required; adding 1 mmol Zn(N0 3) 2 dissolved in 5 ml water while continuing stirring under room temperature for 4 h; putting solution inside a Teflon lined stainless steel autoclave and put under hydrothermal conditions at 1200Celsius for 72 h; collecting formed light brown product and thereafter filtered; washing with plenty of water and drying under vacuum; calcinating sample at 600 Celsius for 4 h in under ambient air to get template free off white porous ZnO materials; and obtaining NZO-1A when hydrothermal reaction is stopped at after 36 h, followed by filtration, washing and calcinating at 600 Celsius for 4 h that helps us understand intermediate stage of formation of NZO-1.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein synthesis of TRIPTA COF comprises: trimerizing 4-aminobenzonitrilewas by addition of triflurosulfonic acid under refluxing condition to obtain 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl) triazine (TAPT); taking 0.50 mmol TAPT and 0.50 mmol triformyl phlurogucinol in a sealed tube with 6 ml anhydrous DMF, followed by flash freezing to get rid of dissolved oxygen; placing mixture static in 150 0 Celsius for 24 h; and filtering resultant solid and washing thoroughly with methanol and tetrahydrofuran to obtain brown solid TRIPTA COF.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein For ZnO-B/COF thisZnO-B to COF ratio was same, with NZO-1 replaced by ZnO-B (bulk wurtzite ZnO).
5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein photogenerated electrons in CB of NZO transferred to CB of COF and from COF electrons are transferred to an external circuit via FTO.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein porous ZnO material NZO-1 is prepared under hydrothermal conditions.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein before sorption analysis samples are degassed at 150 °C under high vacuum for removal of adsorbed water molecules.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein sample for TEM analysis is prepared by dispersion of sample in methanol and thereafter drop-casted on a carbon polymer-coated copper grid.
Synthesizing nanoporous ZnO (NZO-1) using templated route under hydrothermal condition by coupling porous zinc oxide with a covalent 102 organic framework material.
Synthesizing TRIPTA COF. 104
Preparing NZO-1/COF nanocomposite material by mixing TRIPTA COF and NZO-1 in 1:14 ratio in methanol dispersion for fabricating devices for 106 several sustainable energy applications.
Figure 1
Figure 2
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