AU2021101368A4

AU2021101368A4 - Electric laboratory soil crushing device and crushing method

Info

Publication number: AU2021101368A4
Application number: AU2021101368A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Shaopo Deng; Shang GAO; Tao Long; Jiaqi SHI; Lei Wang
Original assignee: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
Current assignee: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
Priority date: 2020-03-26
Filing date: 2021-03-16
Publication date: 2021-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2029-03-16
Also published as: CN111289329B; CN111289329A

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses an electric laboratory soil crushing device and crushing method. The electric laboratory soil crushing device includes a bowl body and a crushing hammer. A plurality of groups of depth control components are symmetrically arranged at the upper part of the bowl body. The depth control component includes a control chute formed in the inner wall of the bowl body and an identification block arranged on the outer wall of the bowl body. A pair of sliding strips are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the crushing hammer. A rotating block is arranged at the upper end of the bowl body and is connected to the upper end surface of the bowl body in a sliding and sealing manner. A group of chutes matched with the sliding strips are symmetrically formed in the two sides of the inner wall of the rotating block. The upper surface of the crushing hammer penetrates through the center of the rotating block through a connecting rod and is connected to an output shaft of a driving motor arranged on the rotating block. A soil inlet/outlet is formed in the bowl body below the rotating block. An adjustment disc is arranged on the soil inlet/outlet. A plurality of vent holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the middle of the bowl body. The bowl body at the vent holes is coated with a gas filter ring. The crushing device of the present disclosure can quickly switch different crushing stroke of the crushing hammer by rotating, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly adjusting the crushing depth. 3/6 42 29 28 -, -22 4 A 1214 45 2' 2324 335 2 1 35 23 2 32 '31 31_/- 32 141 ''33 33 14 24 3 13 14 14 FIG. 3

Description

3/6

42

-, -22 4 29 28 A 1214

2' 2324

23 2 335 21 35

32 '31 31_/- 32 24

141 ''33 33 14

3 13 14 14

FIG. 3

ELECTRIC LABORATORY SOIL CRUSHING DEVICE AND CRUSHING METHOD TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of equipment for soil detection, and in particular to an electric laboratory soil crushing device and crushing method.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Soil analysis is the qualitative and quantitative determination of compositions and (or) physical and chemical properties of soil, is the basic work of researching soil formation and development, fertility evolution, soil resource evaluation, soil improvement, and rational fertilization, and is also an important means of environmental quality evaluation in environmental science.

[0003] The compositions of the soil are very complex compositions. Generally speaking, the soil is composed of a solid phase, a liquid phase, and a gas phase, such as mineral substances, organic matters produced by the decomposition of animal and plant residues, water, and air. The solid phase of the soil includes the mineral substances, the organic matters, and soil organisms. There are pores with different shapes and sizes among solid substances, and there are water and air in the pores.

[0004] Before the soil is analyzed, it usually needs to be crushed. However, the existing soil crushing device is generally large in size, so it is inconvenient for performing a rapid experimental operation; the operability is poor, so it is inconvenient for performing crushing treatment with different crushing requirements. Meanwhile, there is a problem that peculiar smell gives off in the crushing treatment for odorous soil easily, which causes inconvenience in an experiment. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a novel soil crushing device which facilitates the application in laboratory soil analysis to optimize and solve the problems above at present.

SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems above, the present disclosure provides an electric laboratory soil crushing device and crushing method.

[0006] The technical solution of the present disclosure is that: an electric laboratory soil crushing device includes a bowl body and a crushing hammer; a plurality of groups of depth control components that can control the falling depth of the crushing hammer are symmetrically arranged at the upper part of the bowl body; the depth control components are symmetrically attached to the inner wall of the upper part of the bowl body in pairs; the depth control component includes a control chute formed in the inner wall of the bowl body and an identification block arranged on the outer wall of the bowl body; a pair of sliding strips are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the crushing hammer; a rotating block used for rotating to adjust and switch different depth control components is arranged at the upper end of the bowl body, and is connected to the upper end surface of the bowl body in a sliding and sealing manner; a group of chutes matched with the sliding strips are symmetrically formed in the two sides of the inner wall of the rotating block; the upper surface of the crushing hammer penetrates through the center of the rotating block through a connecting rod and is connected to an output shaft of a driving motor arranged on the rotating block; a soil inlet/outlet is formed in the bowl body below the rotating block; an adjustment disc that can adjust the soil inlet/outlet is arranged on the soil inlet/outlet; a plurality of vent holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the middle of the bowl body; the bowl body at the vent holes is coated with a gas filter ring.

[0007] Through the structural design of the crushing device, different crushing strokes of the crushing hammer can be quickly switched through rotating by using the structural design of the plurality of groups of depth control components and the rotating block, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly adjusting the crushing depth. Meanwhile, the overall crushing device has good sealing performance, and can be used for performing crushing treatment on the odorous soil and effectively removing the peculiar smell from gas through the vent holes and the gas filter ring, which prevents the peculiar smell from giving out to affect a crushing treatment operation in the crushing treatment.

[0008] Further, the crushing hammer includes two half hammer bodies that are arranged up and down; a hollow pipe connected to the output shaft of the driving motor is arranged in the center of the upper half hammer body; the two half hammer bodies are connected with each other through a spring rod component; the spring rod component includes a center rod, a spring, and a press ring; the bottom of the center rod is welded with the center of the lower half hammer body; the upper part of the center rod penetrates through the center of the upper half hammer body and is movably clamped in the hollow pipe through an end ring; the spring is arranged on the center rod between the upper and lower half hammer bodies in a sleeving manner; the press ring is located between the spring and the upper half hammer body; a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged in the circumferential direction in the press ring; the pressure sensors are connected to a pressure display screen arranged on the outer wall of the bowl body through pipelines; a plurality of toothed bolts are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the press ring, on the upper surface of the upper half hammer body. The toothed bolts are in threaded connection with the half hammer body, and the lower ends of the toothed bolts are in contact with the press ring. A prodding taper tooth ring is arranged on the half hammer body at the outer circumference of the upper ends of the toothed bolts. A plurality of prodding rods used for prodding the toothed bolts to rotate are arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner ring surface of the prodding taper tooth ring. A taper tooth surface that is engaged with an adjustment bevel gear is arranged on an outer ring surface of the prodding taper tooth ring. The adjustment bevel gear is embedded into a sink formed in the upper half hammer body. A pipe hole is formed in the side, corresponding to the outer side surface, of the sink. One side of the adjustment bevel gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sink, and the other side of the adjustment bevel gear is connected to a butt joint at the pipe hole.

[0009] Through the structural design of the crushing hammer above, the elastic resistance between an upper and lower half hammer bodies is adjusted through related structural parts, such as the spring rod component, so as to achieve an effect of finely adjusting the crushing strength, thereby making the crushing treatment more controllable.

[0010] More further, an adjustment through rod is arranged at the position, corresponding to a spring rod component of the crushing hammer, on the outer wall of the rotating block and is used for adjusting the spring rod component. The adjustment through rod includes an outer sleeve and an adjustment inner pipe. The outer sleeve is embedded into the rotating block and corresponds to the position of the pipe hole of the crushing hammer in a normal state. The adjustment inner pipe is placed in the outer sleeve and is sealed with the outer sleeve in a sliding manner. An adjustment knob is arranged at the outer end of the adjustment inner pipe. A matching joint clamped with the butt joint is arranged at the inner end of the adjustment inner pipe. The butt joint and the matching joint are respectively of an inner cross structure and an outer cross structure, and are both made of magnetic materials. The spring rod component can be adjusted and controlled under the condition of meeting basic sealing through the arrangement of the related components, such as the adjustment through rod, and the operation is easy and convenient.

[0011] Further, damping springs used for preventing the sliding strips from colliding the bottom walls of the control chutes are arranged at the bottoms in the control chutes of the depth control components. The sliding strips of the crushing hammer can be prevented from colliding the bottom walls of the control chutes by arranging the damping springs, so as to reduce the loss of device parts.

[0012] Further, an auxiliary block is matched and arranged at the lower part of the soil inlet/outlet. The auxiliary block is connected to the outer wall of the bowl body. The auxiliary block and the soil inlet/outlet form a structure with a circular cross section. The adjustment disc is annularly and rotatably arranged on the circular structure formed by the soil inlet/outlet and the auxiliary block in a sleeving manner. A plurality of different matching ports matched with the soil inlet/outlet are formed in the circumferential direction of the adjustment disc at equal intervals. The matching ports are respectively a through matching port used for feeding, a sealing matching port used for sealing, and filter screen matching ports used for different screening meshes. Through the structural design of the adjustment disc, different modes at the soil inlet/outlet can be switched effectively and quickly, so as to meet the requirements of the crushing device on the soil inlet/outlet at different stages.

[0013] Further, a dust-proof filter screen is arranged at the junction between the gas filter ring and each vent hole. A plurality of air holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the upper surface of the gas filter ring. The gas filter ring is filled with a filter material used for purifying the gas in the bowl body. The filter material is specifically activated carbon. The peculiar smell given out from the odorous soil can be effectively adsorbed by filling the activated carbon into the gas filter ring.

[0014] Further, identification arrows are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the positions of the chutes, on the upper surface of the rotating block. A sliding lock rod is arranged at the position, corresponding to the position of each identification arrow, on the side surface of the rotating block. The identification block of the depth control component is provided with an identification tag, and a lock hole matched and clamped with the sliding lock rod. The control component switched to the required depth can be effectively locked by arranging the sliding lock rods and the lock holes, which avoids that the function of the device cannot be realized due to dislocation and the like.

[0015] The present disclosure further discloses a crushing method of an electric laboratory soil crushing device, mainly including the following steps: Si, loading crushed soil: according to the crushing device according to claim 1, adjusting the adjustment disc at the soil inlet/outlet to the through matching port used for feeding, and feeding the soil to be crushed into the bowl body through matching port and the soil inlet/outlet, and rotating the adjustment disc to adjust and rotate it to the sealing matching port used for sealing; S2, soil crushing: setting the power of the driving motor, and rotating, according to a crushing requirement and the loading capacity of the crushed soil, the rotating block to the depth control component at corresponding depth to perform soil crushing; S3, soil collecting: after the crushing is completed, adjusting the adjustment disc to the filter screen matching port corresponding to the required screening meshes, pouring out the crushed soil, and preserving the crushed soil for later use.

[0016] More further, during a soil crushing period of S2, the crushing strength of the driving motor can be increased or reduced by finely adjusting the spring rod component between the upper and lower half hammer bodies of the crushing hammer.

[0017] A working method of the crushing device of the present disclosure includes: loading crushed soil: prodding the through matching port, used for feeding, of the adjustment disc at the soil inlet/outlet to the soil inlet/outlet, feeding the soil to be crushed into the bowl body through the through matching port and the soil inlet/outlet in sequence, and rotating the adjustment disc to prod the sealing matching port, used for sealing, of the adjustment disc to the soil inlet/outlet; soil crushing: modulating the driving motor and configuring a control chip, so that the crushing hammer stops a downward thrust and returns to the original position after being subjected to strong resistance, and this process is taken as a crushing stroke; then, rotating, according to the crushing requirement and the loading capacity of the crushed soil, the rotating block to the depth control component at the required corresponding depth, and prodding down the sliding lock rods on the two sides to clamp the lock hole of the identification block of the corresponding depth control component; then, starting the driving motor to crush; during this period, the crushing strength of the driving motor can be increased or reduced by adjusting the spring rod component of the crushing hammer at a normal position through the adjustment through rod, where, a method for adjusting the spring rod component by the adjustment through rod includes: shutting down the driving motor to make the crushing hammer restore to the normal position, namely, recovering the crushing hammer back into an inner cavity of the rotating block; then, pushing and pressing the adjustment inner pipe so that the matching joint thereof extends into a pipe hole and is clamped with the butt joint in a cross manner, and subsequently, rotating the butt joint by rotating the adjustment knob, so as to rotate the adjustment bevel gear; driving the prodding taper tooth ring to rotate through the rotation of the adjustment bevel gear; rotating each toothed bolt downward or upward through the prodding of the prodding rods in the prodding taper tooth ring, so as to apply a downward thrust or a releasing thrust to the press ring, thereby extruding or releasing the spring, and realizing an elastic resistance between the upper and lower half hammer bodies; during this period, collecting the stress information by the pressure sensors in the press ring, and displaying the stress information on the pressure display screen; soil collecting: prodding the required filter screen matching port of the filter screen with corresponding meshes to the soil inlet/outlet by prodding the adjustment disc, and screening and pouring out the crushed soil along the soil inlet/outlet and the filter screen matching port in sequence to obtain screened crushed soil.

[0018] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: (1) The crushing device of the present disclosure can quickly switch different crushing strokes of the crushing hammer by rotating by using the structural design of the plurality of groups of depth control components and the rotating block, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly adjusting the crushing depth. (2) The overall crushing device of the present disclosure has good sealing performance, and can be used for performing crushing treatment on the odorous soil and effectively removing the peculiar smell from gas through the vent holes and the gas filter ring, which prevents the peculiar smell from giving out to affect a crushing treatment operation in the crushing treatment. (3) The crushing hammer of the present disclosure can adjust the elastic resistance between the upper and lower half hammer bodies through related structural parts, such as the spring rod component, so as to achieve an effect of finely adjusting the crushing strength, thereby making the crushing treatment more controllable. (4) Through the structural design of the adjustment disc of the present disclosure, different modes at the soil inlet/outlet can be switched effectively and quickly, so as to meet the requirements of the crushing device on the soil inlet/outlet at different stages; in addition, different filter screens can be switched quickly, so as to realize multifunctional crushing and screening effects, thereby screening to obtain the crushed soil with different meshes according to the requirements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall appearance of a crushing device of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a top-view schematic appearance diagram of the crushing device of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of the crushing device of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 3 of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a crushing hammer of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 5 of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 is a top-view schematic structural diagram of the crushing hammer of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an end part of a matching joint of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an end part of a butt joint of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a press ring of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 is a section view of FIG. 10 at C-C of the present disclosure.

[0019] In the drawings: 1-bowl body; 11-soil inlet/outlet; 12-adjustment disc; 121-through matching port; 122-sealing matching port; 123-filter screen matching port; 13-vent hole; 14-gas filter ring; 141-air hole; 15-pressure display screen; 16-auxiliary block; 2-crushing hammer; 21 half hammer body; 211-sink; 212-pipe hole; 213-butt joint; 214-sliding strip; 22-hollow pipe; 23-center rod; 24-spring; 25-press ring; 26-pressure sensor; 27-toothed bolt; 28-prodding taper tooth ring; 29-adjustment bevel gear; 3-depth control component; 31-control chute; 32 identification block; 33-damping spring; 34-identification tag; 35-lock hole; 4-rotating block; 41-chute; 42-driving motor; 43-adjustment through rod; 431-outer sleeve; 432-adjustment inner pipe; 433-adjustment knob; 434-matching joint; 44-identification arrow; 45-sliding lock rod.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] As shown in FIG. 3, an electric laboratory soil crushing device includes a bowl body 1 and a crushing hammer 2. A plurality of groups of depth control components 3 that can control the falling depth of the crushing hammer 2 are symmetrically arranged at the upper part of the bowl body 1. The depth control components 3 are symmetrically attached to the inner wall of the upper part of the bowl body 1 in pairs. The depth control component 3 includes a control chute 31 formed in the inner wall of the bowl body 1 and an identification block 32 arranged on the outer wall of the bowl body 1. Damping springs 33 used for preventing the sliding strips 214 from colliding the bottom walls of the control chutes 31 are arranged at the bottoms in the control chutes 31 of the depth control components 3. The sliding strips 214 of the crushing hammer 2 can be prevented from colliding the bottom walls of the control chutes 31 by arranging the damping springs 33, so as to reduce the loss of device parts.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, a pair of sliding strips 214 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the crushing hammer 2. A rotating block 4 used for rotating to adjust and switch different depth control components 3 is arranged at the upper end of the bowl body 1, and is connected to the upper end surface of the bowl body 1 in a sliding and sealing manner. A group of chutes 41 matched with the sliding strips 214 are symmetrically formed in the two sides of the inner wall of the rotating block 4. The upper surface of the crushing hammer 2 penetrates through the center of the rotating block 4 through a connecting rod and is connected to an output shaft of a driving motor 42 arranged on the rotating block.

[0022] As shown in FIGs. 5 to 7, the crushing hammer 2 includes two half hammer bodies 21 that are arranged up and down. A hollow pipe 22 connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 42 is arranged in the center of the upper half hammer body 21. The two half hammer bodies 21 are connected with each other through a spring rod component. The spring rod component includes a center rod 23, a spring 24, and a press ring 25. The bottom of the center rod 23 is welded with the center of the lower half hammer body 21. The upper part of the center rod 23 penetrates through center of the upper half hammer body 21 and is movably clamped in the hollow pipe 22 through an end ring. The spring 24 is arranged on the center rod 23 between the upper and lower half hammer bodies 21 in a sleeving manner. The press ring 25 is located between the spring 24 and the upper half hammer body 21. A plurality of pressure sensors 26 are arranged in the circumferential direction in the press ring 25. The pressure sensors 26 are connected to a pressure display screen 15 arranged on the outer wall of the bowl body 1 through pipelines.

[0023] Six toothed bolts 27 are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the press ring 25, on the upper surface of the upper half hammer body 21. The toothed bolts 27 are in threaded connection with the half hammer bodies 21, and the lower ends of the toothed bolts 27 are in contact with the press ring 25. A prodding taper tooth ring 28 is arranged on the half hammer body 21 at the outer circumference of the upper ends of the toothed bolts 27. A plurality of prodding rods used for prodding the toothed bolts 27 to rotate are arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner ring surface of the prodding taper tooth ring 28. A taper tooth surface that is engaged with an adjustment bevel gear 29 is arranged on an outer ring surface of the prodding taper tooth ring 28; the adjustment bevel gear 29 is embedded into a sink 211 formed in the upper half hammer body 21. A pipe hole 212 is formed in the side, corresponding to the outer side surface, of the sink 211. One side of the adjustment bevel gear 29 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sink 211, and the other side of the adjustment bevel gear 29 is connected to a butt joint 213 at the pipe hole 212.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 4, an adjustment through rod 43 is arranged at the position, corresponding to a spring rod component of the crushing hammer 2, on the outer wall of the rotating block 4 and is used for adjusting the spring rod component. The adjustment through rod 43 includes an outer sleeve 431 and an adjustment inner pipe 432. The outer sleeve 431 is embedded into the rotating block 4 and corresponds to the position of the pipe hole 212 of the crushing hammer 2 in a normal state. The adjustment inner pipe 432 is placed in the outer sleeve 431 and is sealed with the outer sleeve 431 in a sliding manner. An adjustment knob 433 is arranged at the outer end of the adjustment inner pipe 432. A matching joint 434 clamped with the butt joint 213 is arranged at the inner end of the adjustment inner pipe 432. As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the buttjoint 213 and the matchingjoint 434 are respectively of an inner cross structure and an outer cross structure, and are both made of magnetic materials. The spring rod component can be adjusted and controlled under the condition of meeting basic sealing through the arrangement of the related components, such as the adjustment through rod 43, and the operation is easy and convenient.

[0025] Through the structural design of the crushing hammer 2 above, the elastic resistance between the upper and lower half hammer bodies 21 is adjusted through related structural parts, such as the spring rod component, so as to achieve an effect of finely adjusting the crushing strength, thereby making the crushing treatment more controllable.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a soil inlet/outlet 11 is formed in the bowl body 1 below the rotating block 4. An adjustment disc 12 that can adjust the soil inlet/outlet 11 is arranged on the soil inlet/outlet 11. An auxiliary block 16 is matched and arranged at the lower part of the soil inlet/outlet 11. The auxiliary block 16 is connected to the outer wall of the bowl body 1. The auxiliary block 16 and the soil inlet/outlet 11 form a structure with a circular cross section. The adjustment disc 12 is annularly and rotatably arranged on the circular structure formed by the soil inlet/outlet 11 and the auxiliary block 16 in a sleeving manner. A plurality of different matching ports matched with the soil inlet/outlet 11 are formed in the circumferential direction of the adjustment disc 12 at equal intervals. The matching ports are respectively a through matching port 121 used for feeding, a sealing matching port 122 used for sealing, and filter screen matching ports 123 used for different screening meshes. Through the structural design of the adjustment disc 12, different modes at the soil inlet/outlet 11 can be switched effectively and quickly, so as to meet the requirements of the crushing device on the soil inlet/outlet 11 at different stages. A plurality of vent holes 13 are formed in the circumferential direction of the middle of the bowl body 1. The bowl body 1 at the vent holes 13 is coated with a gasfilter ring 14. As shown in FIG. 3, a dust-proof filter screen is arranged at the junction between the gas filter ring 14 and each vent hole 13. A plurality of air holes 141 are formed in the circumferential direction of the upper surface of the gas filter ring 14. The gas filter ring 14 is filled with a filter material used for purifying the gas in the bowl body 1. The filter material is specifically activated carbon. Peculiar smell given out from odorous soil can be effectively adsorbed by filling the activated carbon into the gas filter ring 14. As shown in FIG. 2, identification arrows 44 are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the positions of the chutes 41, on the upper surface of the rotating block 4. A sliding lock rod 45 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the position of each identification arrow 44, on the side surface of the rotating block 4. The identification block 32 of the depth control component 3 is provided with an identification tag 34, and a lock hole 35 matched and clamped with the sliding lock rod 45. The control component 3 switched to the required depth can be effectively locked by arranging the sliding lock rods 45 and the lock holes 35, which avoids that the function of the device cannot be realized due to dislocation and the like.

[0027] Through the structural design of the crushing device, different crushing strokes of the crushing hammer can be quickly switched by rotating by using the structural design of the plurality of groups of depth control components 3 and the rotating block 4, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly adjusting the crushing depth. Meanwhile, the overall crushing device has good sealing performance, and can be used for performing crushing treatment on the odorous soil and effectively removing the peculiar smell from gas through the vent holes 13 and the gas filter ring 14, which prevents the peculiar smell from giving out to affect a crushing treatment operation in the crushing treatment.

[0028] A crushing method of the electric laboratory soil crushing device mainly includes the following steps: Si, loading crushed soil: according to the crushing device according to claim 1, adjusting the adjustment disc 12 at the soil inlet/outlet 11 to the through matching port 121 used for feeding, feeding the soil to be crushed into the bowl body 1 through the through matching port 121 and the soil inlet/outlet 11, and rotating the adjustment disc 12 to adjust and rotate the adjustment disc 12 to the sealing matching port 122 used for sealing; S2, soil crushing: setting the power of the driving motor 42, and rotating, according to a crushing requirement and the loading capacity of the crushed soil, the rotating block 4 to the depth control component 3 at corresponding depth to perform soil crushing, where during a soil crushing period, the crushing strength of the driving motor 42 can be increased or reduced by finely adjusting a spring rod component between the upper and lower half hammer bodies 21 of the crushing hammer 2; S3, soil collecting: after the crushing is completed, adjusting the adjustment disc 12 to the filter screen matching port 123 corresponding to the required screening meshes, pouring out the crushed soil, and preserving the crushed soil for later use.

[0029] A working principle of the crushing device: loading crushed soil: prodding the through matching port 121 used for feeding of the adjustment disc 12 at the soil inlet/outlet 11 to the soil inlet and outlet 11, feeding the soil to be crushed into the bowl body 1 through the through matching port 121 and the soil inlet/outlet 11 in sequence, and rotating the adjustment disc 12 to prod the sealing matching port 122 used for sealing thereof to the soil inlet/outlet 11; soil crushing: modulating the driving motor 42 and configuring a control chip, so that the crushing hammer stops a downward thrust and returns to the original position after being subjected to strong resistance, and this is a crushing stroke; then, rotating, according to the crushing requirement and the loading capacity of the crushed soil, the rotating block 4 to the depth control component 3 at the required corresponding depth, and prodding down the sliding lock rods 45 on the two sides to clamp the lock hole 35 of the identification block 32 of the corresponding depth control component 3; then, starting the driving motor 42 to crush; during this period, the crushing strength of the driving motor 42 can be increased or reduced by adjusting the spring rod component of the crushing hammer 2 at a normal position through the adjustment through rod, where, a method for adjusting the spring rod component by the adjustment through rod 43 includes: shutting down the driving motor 42 to make the crushing hammer 2 restore to the normal position, namely, recovering the crushing hammer 2 back into an inner cavity of the rotating block 4; then, pushing and pressing the adjustment inner pipe 432 so that the matching joint 434 thereof extends into a pipe hole 212 and is clamped with the butt joint 213 in a cross manner; subsequently, rotating the buttjoint 213 by rotating the adjustment knob 433, so as to rotate the adjustment bevel gear 29; driving the prodding taper tooth ring 28 to rotate through the rotation of the adjustment bevel gear 29; rotating each toothed bolt 27 downward or upward through the prodding of the prodding rods in the prodding taper tooth ring 28, so as to apply a downward thrust or a release thrust to the press ring 25, thereby extruding or releasing the spring 24, and realizing the adjustment of an elastic resistance between the upper and lower half hammer bodies 21; during this period, collecting the stress information by the pressure sensors 26 in the press ring 25, and displaying the stress information on the pressure display screen 15; soil collecting: prodding the required filter screen matching port 123 of a filter screen with corresponding meshes to the soil inlet/outlet 11 by prodding the adjustment disc 12, and screening and pouring out the crushed soil along the soil inlet/outlet 11 and thefilter screen matching port 123 in sequence to obtain screened crushed soil, where, the pressure sensors 26 and the pressure display screen 15 are all selected from commercial conventional components or subjected to appearance structure adjustment according to commercial products to meet the arrangement requirements of the device; the driving motor 42 is specifically a commercial electric pushing rod.

Claims

Claims WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An electric laboratory soil crushing device, comprising a bowl body (1) and a crushing hammer (2), wherein a plurality of groups of depth control components (3) that can control the falling depth of the crushing hammer (2) are symmetrically arranged at the upper part of the bowl body (1); the depth control components (3) are symmetrically attached to the inner wall of the upper part of the bowl body (1) in pairs; the depth control component (3) comprises a control chute (31) formed in the inner wall of the bowl body (1) and an identification block (32) arranged on the outer wall of the bowl body (1); a pair of sliding strips (214) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the crushing hammer (2); a rotating block (4) used for rotating to adjust and switch different depth control components (3) is arranged at the upper end of the bowl body (1), and is connected to the upper end surface of the bowl body (1) in a sliding and sealing manner; a group of chutes (41) matched with the sliding strips (214) are symmetrically formed in the two sides of the inner wall of the rotating block (4); the upper surface of the crushing hammer (2) penetrates through the center of the rotating block (4) through a connecting rod and is connected to an output shaft of a driving motor (42) arranged on the rotating block; a soil inlet/outlet (11) is formed in the bowl body (1) below the rotating block (4); an adjustment disc (12) that can adjust the soil inlet/outlet (11) is arranged on the soil inlet/outlet (11); a plurality of vent holes (13) are formed in the circumferential direction of the middle of the bowl body (1); the bowl body (1) at the vent holes (13) is coated with a gas filter ring (14).

2. The electric laboratory soil crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing hammer (2) comprises two half hammer bodies (21) that are arranged up and down; a hollow pipe (22) connected to the output shaft of the driving motor (42) is arranged in the center of the upper half hammer body (21); the two half hammer bodies (21) are connected with each other through a spring rod component; the spring rod component comprises a center rod (23), a spring (24), and a press ring (25); the bottom of the center rod (23) is welded with the center of the lower half hammer body (21); the upper part of the center rod (23) penetrates through the center of the upper half hammer body (21) and is movably clamped in the hollow pipe (22) through an end ring; the spring (24) is arranged on the center rod (23) between the upper and lower half hammer bodies (21) in a sleeving manner; the press ring (25) is located between the spring (24) and the upper half hammer body (21); a plurality of pressure sensors (26) are arranged in the circumferential direction in the press ring (25); the pressure sensors (26) are connected to a pressure display screen (15) arranged on the outer wall of the bowl body (1) through pipelines; a plurality of toothed bolts (27) are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the press ring (25), on the upper surface of the upper half hammer body (21); the toothed bolts (27) are in threaded connection with the half hammer body (21), and the lower ends of the toothed bolts (27) are in contact with the press ring (25); a prodding taper tooth ring (28) is arranged on the half hammer body (21) at the outer circumference of the upper ends of the toothed bolts (27); a plurality of prodding rods used for prodding the toothed bolts (27) to rotate are arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner ring surface of the prodding taper tooth ring (28); a taper tooth surface that is engaged with an adjustment bevel gear (29) is arranged on an outer ring surface of the prodding taper tooth ring (28); the adjustment bevel gear (29) is embedded into a sink (211) formed in the upper half hammer body (21); a pipe hole (212) is formed in the side, corresponding to the outer side surface, of the sink (211); one side of the adjustment bevel gear (29) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sink (211), and the other side of the adjustment bevel gear (29) is connected to a butt joint (213) at the pipe hole (212); wherein an adjustment through rod (43) is arranged at the position, corresponding to a spring rod component of the crushing hammer (2), on the outer wall of the rotating block (4) and is used for adjusting the spring rod component; the adjustment through rod (43) comprises an outer sleeve (431) and an adjustment inner pipe (432); the outer sleeve (431) is embedded into the rotating block (4) and corresponds to the position of the pipe hole (212) of the crushing hammer (2) in a normal state; the adjustment inner pipe (432) is placed in the outer sleeve (431) and is sealed with the outer sleeve (431) in a sliding manner; an adjustment knob (433) is arranged at the outer end of the adjustment inner pipe (432); a matching joint (434) clamped with the butt joint (213) is arranged at the inner end of the adjustment inner pipe (432); the butt joint (213) and the matching joint (434) are respectively of an inner cross structure and an outer cross structure, and are both made of magnetic materials.

3. The electric laboratory soil crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the gas filter ring (14) is arranged in the middle of the bowl body (1) in a sleeving manner and is communicated with the interior of the bowl body (1).

4. The electric laboratory soil crushing device according to claim 1, wherein an auxiliary block (16) is matched and arranged at the lower part of the soil inlet/outlet (11); the auxiliary block (16) is connected to the outer wall of the bowl body (1); the auxiliary block (16) and the soil inlet/outlet (11) form a structure with a circular cross section; the adjustment disc (12) is annularly and rotatably arranged on the circular structure formed by the soil inlet/outlet (11) and the auxiliary block (16) in a sleeving manner; a plurality of different matching ports matched with the soil inlet/outlet (11) are formed in the circumferential direction of the adjustment disc (12) at equal intervals; the matching ports are respectively a through matching port (121) used for feeding, a sealing matching port (122) used for sealing, and filter screen matching ports (123) used for different screening meshes; wherein a dust-proof filter screen is arranged at the junction between the gas filter ring (14) and each vent hole (13); a plurality of air holes (141) are formed in the circumferential direction of the upper surface of the gas filter ring (14); the gas filter ring (14) is filled with a filter material used for purifying the gas in the bowl body (1); wherein identification arrows (44) are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the positions of the chutes (41), on the upper surface of the rotating block (4); a sliding lock rod (45) is arranged at the position, corresponding to the position of each identification arrow (44), on the side surface of the rotating block (4); the identification block (32) of the depth control component (3) is provided with an identification tag (34), and a lock hole (35) matched and clamped with the sliding lock rod (45).

5. A crushing method of an electric laboratory soil crushing device, mainly comprising the following steps: Si, loading crushed soil: according to the crushing device according to claim 1, adjusting the adjustment disc (12) at the soil inlet/outlet (11) to the through matching port (121) used for feeding, feeding the soil to be crushed into the bowl body (1) through the through matching port (121) and the soil inlet/outlet (11), and rotating the adjustment disc (12) to adjust and rotate the adjustment disc (12) to the sealing matching port (122) used for sealing; S2, soil crushing: setting the power of the driving motor (42), and rotating, according to a crushing requirement and the loading capacity of the crushed soil, the rotating block (4) to the depth control component (3) at corresponding depth to perform soil crushing; S3, soil collecting: after the crushing is completed, adjusting the adjustment disc (12) to the filter screen matching port (123) corresponding to the required screening meshes, pouring out the crushed soil, and preserving the crushed soil for later use; wherein during a soil crushing period of S2, the crushing strength of the driving motor (42) can be increased or reduced by finely adjusting the spring rod component between the upper and lower half hammer bodies (21) of the crushing hammer (2).

FIG. 1 1/6

FIG. 2 2/6

FIG. 3 3/6