AU2020275806A1 - Mining-induced stress assessment method based on microseismic damage reconstruction - Google Patents

Mining-induced stress assessment method based on microseismic damage reconstruction Download PDF

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AU2020275806A1
AU2020275806A1 AU2020275806A AU2020275806A AU2020275806A1 AU 2020275806 A1 AU2020275806 A1 AU 2020275806A1 AU 2020275806 A AU2020275806 A AU 2020275806A AU 2020275806 A AU2020275806 A AU 2020275806A AU 2020275806 A1 AU2020275806 A1 AU 2020275806A1
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mining
statistical
seismic
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Wu CAI
Anye CAO
Linming DOU
Siyuan GONG
Shasha YUAN
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/25Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
    • G01L1/255Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/288Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30Analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60Analysis
    • G01V2210/61Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
    • G01V2210/616Data from specific type of measurement

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a mining-induced stress assessment method based on microseismic damage reconstruction, and is suitable for use in the field of microseismic monitoring for mine safety. The method specifically comprises: performing grid division on an assessment area, and calculating cumulative deformation energy ε

Description

MINING-INDUCED STRESS ASSESSMENT METHOD BASED ON MICROSEISMIC DAMAGE RECONSTRUCTION Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a mining stress evaluation method for mine, in particular to a mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction applicable to the field of micro-seismic monitoring for mine safety.
Background Art
[0002] Mining stress is a secondary stress after the primary stress in the surrounding rock of a downhole mining space is redistributed under the impact of mining disturbance. Learning about the stress distribution characteristics is one of the indispensable bases and tasks in the mining production process, such as mining face design, stopping mining line design, coal pillar design, safety protection design and support design.
[0003] Owing to the fact that the disturbance of coal mining is a dynamic process, the mining stress also varies dynamically at all times. Consequently, it is difficult to extensively observe and quantitatively describe such a "black box" process. At present, the main methods used for mining stress observation include: borehole stress monitoring method, electromagnetic radiation method, drilling cuttings method, micro-seismic method, and seismic wave velocity tomography method. Among them, the borehole stress monitoring method is a direct observation method, but it is only limited to the observation of a small area in the shallow part of the roadway coal walls; both the electromagnetic radiation method and the drilling cuttings method are indirect evaluation methods, which are methods based on the indirect relationship between electromagnetic parameters, cuttings quantity and mining stress, and are unable to realize large-scale observation and are obviously affected by ambient noise; as a powerful and effective tool for monitoring the micro-fracture events of the coal and rock induced by mining disturbance, the micro-seismic method has been widely applied in the field of mine safety monitoring, and especially, the seismic wave velocity tomography technique extended from the micro-seismic method can realize large-scale detection, and the micro-seismic method can indirectly and qualitatively evaluate the scope of effect of mining stress on the basis of the spatial distribution of micro-seismic events and the frequency density distribution and energy density distribution of micro-seismic events. However, the seismic wave velocity tomography technique indirectly reckons the mining stress distribution according to the P-wave (longitudinal wave) velocity distribution, and inevitably leads to some errors in the calculation result owing to an unreasonable assumption that the P-wave velocity must be set as a constant during inversion because a certain number of micro-seismic events are required as the raw data for inversion in the calculation process; besides, it is difficult to realize real-time inversion with this technique because the technique usually involves high computation workload; although the evaluation method based on spatial distribution of micro-seismic events, frequency density distribution of micro-seismic events and energy density distribution can infer mining stress distribution to a certain extent by reflecting mining fracture distribution, it lacks obvious physical and mechanical correlation. Therefore, it is of great practical value and practical significance to reconstruct a method that has physical and mechanical significance and can realize approximately real-time and large-scale mining stress evaluation on the basis of micro seismic monitoring data.
Contents of the Invention
[0004] Object of the Invention: in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned techniques, the present invention provides a mining stress evaluation method based on micro seismic damage reconstruction, which calculates the distribution of mining stress synchronously according to the micro-seismic monitoring data obtained in real time, and realizes approximately real-time inversion of the mining stress in the coal mining process.
[0005] Technical Solution: in order to attain the above object, the mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction in the present invention reconstructs a damage parameter of the stope according to micro-seismic parameters firstly; then obtains the stress distribution of the stope by associating the damage parameter based on damage mechanics, thereby obtaining the distribution of the mining stress field.
[0006] The method comprises the following steps: a. dividing the evaluation area into grids to form a grid map, wherein a statistical circle corresponding to each grid node is utilized as a local statistical window, and the cumulative deformation energy EEi and the number Ni of micro-seismic events or the loading duration Ati of the coal and rock in each statistical area are calculated as the values at each grid node by using an accumulation method; b. traversing a series of cumulative deformation energy EEi in the grid map to find the maximum value max{EEi}, and calculating the average cumulative deformation energy EF in the evaluation area;
c. calculating the damage parameter Di corresponding to each grid node in the grid map by using a formula Di = 1- exp(-E), wherein Di is the damage parameter value EF corresponding to the grid node i; d. calculating the mining stress value at each grid node: using a strain-time mode preferentially, when the mining speed at the mining face is approximately uniform and steady: S= E -a-Ati- (1- Di)
using a strain-micro-seismic frequency mode approximately, when the mining speed at the mining face is unsteady: S=E -aN -Ni-(1- Di)
wherein ag is the mining stress value corresponding the grid node i; E is the elasticity modulus; at is astrain-time coefficient; aN is a strain-micro-seismic frequency coefficient; next, performing interpolation of the mining stress values at the grid nodes to obtain the spatial distribution information of mining stress in the evaluation area; finally, obtaining a stress distribution map of an evaluated area by using the distribution information, so as to provide a guiding basis for mine safety design.
[0007] In the grid map, s represents the grid pitch and r represents the statistical radius of slip, and in order to avoid distortion of the result caused by missing some micro-seismic events in the statistical process of slip, the required relationship between the grid pitch and the statistical radius of slip is as follows: sl ir; the specific calculation process is as follows: using a statistical circle corresponding to each grid node as a local statistical window, calculating the cumulative deformation energy EEi and the number Ni of micro-seismic events or the loadingduration Ati of the coal and rock in each statistical area as the values at each grid node by using an accumulation method with the following calculation formula: j=Ni
EEi-ZE 1
j=1
At =tiN- til
wherein EEi represents the cumulative deformation energy in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Ni represents the number of micro-seismic events in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Eij represents the energy of the micro seismic events in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Ati represents the loading duration in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; tiN represents the time when the last micro-seismic event occurs in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; and tii represents the time when the first micro-seismic event occurs in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i.
[0008] The average cumulative deformation energy is calculated with a formula EF EF
(- , wherein max{EEi is the maximum cumulative deformation energy value in the evaluation area; and Dc is the damage parameter value corresponding to a completely damaged state, and is determined as 0.95 here.
[0009] Beneficial effects: the formulas for calculating mining stress involved in the present invention have obvious physical and mechanical significance, and the parameters involved in the formulas are calculated clearly and with high universality and operability, and the method is suitable for implementation by programming and has high application feasibility; the measured data involved in the calculation process adopts the micro-seismic data monitored in real time in large mining areas, which has high time-effectiveness, can realize approximately real-time inversion of the mining stress distribution in the coal mining process of in a large area, supports daily monitoring and early warning, and has high practical value and great practical significance.
Description of Drawings
[00010] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of mining stress distribution according to the mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction in the present invention;
[00011] Fig. 2 is a schematic view of grid division according to the mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction in the present invention;
[00012] Fig. 3 is a spatial distribution view of micro-seismic events;
[00013] Fig. 4 is a spatial distribution view of the cumulative deformation energy calculated on the basis of micro-seismic parameters;
[00014] Fig. 5 is a spatial distribution view of the loading duration of the coal and rock calculated on the basis of micro-seismic parameters;
[00015] Fig. 6 is a distribution view of the damage parameter calculated on the basis of micro seismic parameters;
[00016] Fig. 7 is a distribution view of mining stress based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction.
Embodiments
[00017] Hereunder the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings.
[00018] With the mining of the underground coal seam, the mining stress distribution (ABCD) shown in Fig. 1 is formed in the coal and rock mass ahead of the mining face, including an elastic zone (AB), a plastic zone (BC) and a post-peak strain softened zone (CD), which respectively correspond to a curved subsidence zone, a fracture zone and a caving zone in the space of overlying strata in the vertical direction. Analyzed from the viewpoint of damage mechanics, all of the coal and rock materials in the area from the point D to the goaf zone each a completely damaged state, and the corresponding distribution density of the cumulative micro-seismic events reaches peak in this area;
[00019] The mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction in the present invention comprises the following steps: reconstructs a damage parameter of the stope according to micro-seismic parameters firstly; then obtains the stress distribution of the stope by associating the damage parameter based on damage mechanics, thereby obtaining the distribution of the mining stress field;
[00020] Specifically, the steps are as follows: a. dividing the evaluation area into grids to form a grid map as shown in Fig. 2, in which s represents the grid pitch and r represents the statistical radius of slip, and in order to avoid distortion of the result caused by missing some micro-seismic events in the statistical process of slip, the required relationship between the grid pitch s and the statistical radius of slip r is as follows: s.] r ; the specific calculation process is as follows: using a statistical circle corresponding to each grid node as a local statistical window, calculating the cumulative deformation energy EEi and the number Ni of micro-seismic events or the loading duration Ati of the coal and rock in each statistical area as the values at each grid node by using an accumulation method, wherein EEi is used to calculate the value of the damage parameter (see step c), and Ni and Ati are respectively used to calculate the value of mining stress in a strain-micro-seismic frequency mode and a strain-time mode (see step d) with the following calculation formulas: j=Ni
EEi ZE j j=1
At =tiN- til
wherein EEi represents the cumulative deformation energy in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Ni represents the number of micro-seismic events in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Eij represents the energy of the micro-seismic events in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Ati represents the loading duration in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; tiN represents the time when the last micro-seismic event occurs in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; and tii represents the time when the first micro seismic event occurs in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i. b. traversing a series of cumulative deformation energy EEi in the grid map to find the maximum value max{EEi}, and calculating the average cumulative deformation energy EF in the evaluation area; wherein max{EEi} is the maximum cumulative deformation energy value in the evaluation area; and Dc is the damage parameter value corresponding to a completely damaged state, and is determined as 0.95 here.
c. calculating the damage parameter Di corresponding to each grid node in the grid map with the following formula: EEi Di = 1 - exp(- -) EF
wherein Di is the damage parameter value corresponding to the grid node i; d. calculating the mining stress value at each grid node: using a strain-time mode preferentially, when the mining speed at the mining face is approximately uniform and steady: -= E -a -At -(1- Dj)
using a strain-micro-seismic frequency mode approximately, when the mining speed at the mining face is unsteady: = E -aN -Ni-(1- Dj)
wherein og is the mining stress value corresponding the grid node i; E is the elasticity modulus; at is astrain-time coefficient; aN is a strain-micro-seismic frequency coefficient; finally, performing interpolation of the mining stress values at the grid nodes to obtain the spatial distribution of mining stress in the evaluation area.
[00021] Example 1: In this example, the micro-seismic monitoring data of the mining face in the stoping stage in a coal mine is analyzed. In view that the mining speed at the mining face is approximately uniform and steady, the average daily advance is 1.2m, the calculation in the present invention is explained here exemplarily in the strain-time mode. The present invention is implemented according to the idea of the present invention: (1) According to the spatial distribution of the micro-seismic events as shown in Fig. 3, the evaluation area is divided into three-dimensional grids, with the grid pitch s of 10m and the statistic radius r of slip of 30m; the cumulative deformation energy EEi and the loading duration At of the coal and rock at each grid node are calculated by using an accumulation method; then the spatial distribution maps of cumulative deformation energy as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 are obtained by using an interpolation calculation method. Fig. 5 is a spatial distribution map of the loading duration of the coal and rock calculated on the basis of micro-seismic parameters. (2) By traversing the grid node sequence EEi, the maximum cumulative deformation energy max{EEi} is determined to be 9,141.3678, and accordingly the average cumulative deformation energy EF is calculated to be 3,051.4635.
(3) EEi and EF are substituted into the formula Di = 1 - exp(- )to obtain the damage EF parameter value at each grid node, and then the damage parameter distribution is calculated by interpolation, as shown in Fig. 6.
(4) The actual elastic modulus E=9 GPa and the coefficient at=0.000026 are substituted into the formula og = E - at - Ati - (1 - Dj) to obtain the mining stress values at each grid node, and then the mining stress distribution is calculated by interpolation, as shown in Fig. 7.
[00022] The example proves that the method provided in the present invention calculates the related parameters clearly, with high universality and operability, provides a reasonable result of distribution of the mining stress through inversion calculation and attains a good effect, and can realize approximately real-time inversion of the mining stress in the coal seam mining process.

Claims (3)

  1. Claims 1. A mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction, which reconstructs a damage parameter of the stope according to micro-seismic parameters firstly; then obtains the stress distribution of the stope by associating the damage parameter based on damage mechanics, thereby obtaining the distribution of the mining stress field; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: a. dividing the evaluation area into grids to form a grid map, a statistical circle corresponding to each grid node is utilized as a local statistical window, and the cumulative deformation energy EEi and the number Ni of micro-seismic events or the loading duration Ati of the coal and rock in each statistical area are calculated as the values at each grid node by using an accumulation method;
    b. traversing a series of cumulative deformation energy EEi in the grid map to find the maximum value max{EEi}, and calculating the average cumulative deformation energy EF in the evaluation area;
    c. calculating the damage parameter Di corresponding to each grid node in the grid map by using a formula Di = 1- exp(- ), wherein Di is the damage parameter value EF corresponding to the grid node i; d. calculating the mining stress value at each grid node: using a strain-time mode preferentially, when the mining speed at the mining face is approximately uniform and steady: -= E -a -At -(1- Dj)
    using a strain-micro-seismic frequency mode approximately, when the mining speed at the mining face is unsteady: = E -aN -Ni-(1- Dj)
    wherein og is the mining stress value corresponding to the grid node i; E istheelasticity modulus; at is a strain-time coefficient; aN is a strain-micro-seismic frequency coefficient; next, performing interpolation of the mining stress values at each grid node to obtain the spatial distribution information of mining stress in the evaluation area; finally, obtaining a stress distribution map of an evaluated area by using the distribution information, so as to provide a guiding basis for mine safety design.
  2. 2. The mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction according to claim 1, wherein in the grid map, s represents the grid pitch and r represents the statistical radius of slip, and in order to avoid distortion of the result caused by missing some micro-seismic events in the statistical process of slip, the required relationship between the grid pitch s and the statistical radius r of slip is as follows: s.-Ir ; the specific calculation process is as follows: using a statistical circle corresponding to each grid node as a local statistical window, calculating the cumulative deformation energy EEi and the number Ni of micro-seismic events or the loading duration Ati of the coal and rock in each statistical area as the values at each grid node by using an accumulation method with the following calculation formula: j=Ni
    EEi-ZE 1
    j=1
    A tiN -il
    wherein EEi represents the cumulative deformation energy in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Ni represents the number of micro-seismic events in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Eij represents the energy of the micro-seismic events in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; Ati represents the loading duration in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; tiN represents the time when the last micro-seismic event occurs in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i; and tii represents the time when the first micro seismic event occurs in the statistical circle area corresponding to the grid node i.
  3. 3. The mining stress evaluation method based on micro-seismic damage reconstruction according to claim 1, wherein the average cumulative deformation energy EF is calculated with a formula EF - _ , where max{EEi} is the maximum cumulative deformation energy value in the evaluation area; and Dc is the damage parameter value corresponding to a completely damaged state, and is determined as 0.95 here.
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