AU2020203039A1 - Single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing gait motor function - Google Patents

Single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing gait motor function Download PDF

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AU2020203039A1
AU2020203039A1 AU2020203039A AU2020203039A AU2020203039A1 AU 2020203039 A1 AU2020203039 A1 AU 2020203039A1 AU 2020203039 A AU2020203039 A AU 2020203039A AU 2020203039 A AU2020203039 A AU 2020203039A AU 2020203039 A1 AU2020203039 A1 AU 2020203039A1
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gait
control instruction
pulse
pulse signal
signal
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AU2020203039B2 (en
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Zhiling LI
Lei Ma
Xiaoyan Shen
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Nantong University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36062—Spinal stimulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0551—Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36067—Movement disorders, e.g. tremor or Parkinson disease
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36125—Details of circuitry or electric components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A61N1/36132—Control systems using patient feedback
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A61N1/36135—Control systems using physiological parameters
    • A61N1/36139—Control systems using physiological parameters with automatic adjustment

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait function, including: an instruction collection system, a pulse signal generation system, and a pair of biostimulation electrodes. The instruction collection system generates a control instruction according to the instruction information, and sends the control instruction to the pulse signal generation system. The pulse signal generation system generates pulse signals according to the control instruction to the biostimulation electrode. Electrical pulse excitation is performed by using the biostimulation electrode at a key site inside the spinal cord for inducing gait movement. The pulse signals include a positive-voltage pulse signal train and a negative-voltage pulse signal train that alternate. Reconstruction of the gait motor function of the lower limbs can be effectively carried out in a way closer to physiological conditions and with a single pair of electrodes. The electronic system according to the present invention is applicable to animal experiments or rehabilitation training. 1/1 Upper Electroencephalogram Speech computer Key signal collection recognition signal module module receiving module module Instrctioncolletion ystemPulse signal generation Elcrd Insrutin cllcton ysemsystem ElcrdHa Kyst FIG1 Stimulated part and signal o nl -n_ aLeft hindleg Right hindleg b C d Stimulated part and signal Left hindleg Right hindleg 2g h FIG 2

Description

1/1
Upper Electroencephalogram Speech computer Key signal collection recognition signal module module receiving module module
Instrctioncolletion ystemPulse signal generation Elcrd Insrutinysemsystem cllcton ElcrdHa Kyst
FIG1
Stimulated part and signal o nl -n_ aLeft hindleg Right hindleg
b C d
Stimulated part and signal Left hindleg Right hindleg
2g h FIG 2
SINGLE-ENDED ELECTRODE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR RECONSTRUCTING GAIT MOTOR FUNCTION TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates an electronic system for intelligent control and a control
method thereof in the field of rehabilitation engineering, and in particular, to an electrical
spinal-cord excitation device for reconstructing a gait motor function of lower limbs.
BACKGROUND
Motor dysfunction, caused by spinal cord injury, of limbs and trunk below an injured
segment not only brings physical and mental harm to the patient, but also causes a huge
economic burden to the family and the whole society. Therefore, reconstructing a motor function
of paralyzed limbs is always an important subject in neuroscience researches.
After the central nervous system of an adult is injured, it is difficult for an axon of an upper
motor neuron to grow to an originally connected lower motor neuron to form a new functional
synaptic connection, resulting in a challenge to reconstruction of a motor function after spinal
cord injury. Researchers in neurobiology have been treating spinal cord injury by combining
neurotrophic factors with technologies such as gene induction, stem cell transplantation, and
spinal cord scaffolds. However, complex activation patterns and coordination of leg muscles in a
walking process are not successfully restored by using the methods so far.
With continuous development of electronic technologies, use of the functional electrical
stimulation technology as a potential function reconstruction manner for a patient with spinal
cord injury attracts wide attention. The functional electrical stimulation is to stimulate muscles or
nerves with pulse currents in a specific sequence, to restore a lost or damaged motor function of
limbs and trunk, thereby achieving rehabilitation of a paralyzed patient.
Research papers published in "Nature" by Courtine, a researcher from the Federal Institute
of Technology in Zurich, respectively in 2016 and 2018 proved that it is feasible to restore a
motor function of lower limbs by using the functional electrical stimulation technology for spinal
cord nerves. A disadvantage of functional electrical stimulation is that because stimulated targets are motor neurons, as mentioned in the papers, up to 147 stimulation manners are needed.
However, for neural prostheses, only a limited quantity of pairs of electrodes can be applied
during use. To reduce damage and an error rate during a use process, it is certainly expected that
it would be better if there are fewer electrodes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of the present invention is to provide a single-ended electrode electronic
system for reconstructing a gait motor function, to resolve the problems raised above in
BACKGROUND.
To achieve the foregoing objective, the present invention provides the following technical
solution: a single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function,
including:
an instruction collection system, configured to collect instruction information, generate a
control instruction according to the instruction information, and send the control instruction to a
pulse signal generation system;
the pulse generation system, configured to receive the control instruction sent by the
instruction collection system, generate pulse signals according to the control instruction, and
send the pulse signals to a pair of biostimulation electrodes, where the pulse signals include a
positive-voltage pulse signal train and a negative-voltage pulse signal train that alternate, a pulse
width of the pulse signals is 200 s, an interval between the pulse signals is 30 ms, a quantity of
the pulse signals ranges from 25 to 35, and a time interval between a start of the positive-voltage
pulse signal train and a start of the negative-voltage pulse signal train is one second of a gait
cycle; and
the pair of biostimulation electrodes, fixed through an electrode fixing means at a key site
on a spinal cord surface for inducing gait movement, and configured to apply electrical
excitation to the key site to implement gait reconstruction, where the key site on the spinal cord
surface for inducing gait movement is a site located on a dorsal surface of a spinal cord segment
L2, to which applying an electrical excitation pulse can generate an action that one of the left and
right lower limbs moves forward and the other moves backward, and at which changing a
polarity of an electrical excitation pulse can exchange and reverse action patterns of the left and
right lower limbs.
The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function according to the present invention is applicable to animal experiments or rehabilitation training. The electronic system according to the present invention generates pulse signals and activates, by using a biomedical engineering method of functional electrical stimulation, an intrinsic internuncial neuron network in spinal cord nerves that produces rhythmic movements of lower limbs to produce a key site for movement coordination, to effectively reconstruct the gait motor function of lower limbs in a manner closer to physiological conditions by using a single pair of electrodes. In the present invention, the neuron network in the spinal cord that controls gait movement is stimulated by using a single-ended electrode, corresponding biological nerve signals are regenerated, and the gait motor function of the injured spinal cord nerves is restored by using a microelectronic method. Moreover, the apparatus according to the present invention implements restoration of a neural function assisted by the microelectronic system, that is, implements reconstruction of a gait motor function after spinal cord injury.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function according to the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rat experiment carried out by using a system according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes: an instruction collection system, a pulse signal generation system, a biostimulation electrode, and a corresponding reference electrode. The instruction collection system is configured to collect instruction information, generate a control instruction according to the instruction information, and send the control instruction to the pulse signal generation system. The instruction collection system includes an electroencephalogram signal collection module, a speech recognition module, an upper-computer signal receiving module, and a key module. The electroencephalogram signal collection module is configured to collect an electroencephalogram signal, and convert the electroencephalogram signal into a control instruction. The speech recognition module is configured to recognize a speech signal and convert the speech signal into a control instruction. The upper-computer signal receiving module is configured to receive a control signal sent by an upper computer, and convert the control signal into a control instruction. The key module is configured to output a control instruction through a key operation. In this embodiment, the control instruction includes:
"Start", "Cadence", and "Stop". When the control instruction is "Start", the pulse signal
generation system sends pulse signals to the biostimulation electrode, and sets a time interval
between start moments of adjacent pulse signal trains according to "Cadence"; and when the
control instruction is "Stop", the pulse signal generation system stops sending pulse signals to the
biostimulation electrode. Through training, instruction-related information can be extracted from
an electroencephalogram signal and a speech. "Cadence" is divided into a plurality of speed
levels, and each speed level corresponds to one time interval.
The control instruction sent by the instruction collection system is received, pulse signals
are generated according to the control instruction and are sent to the biostimulation electrode,
where the pulse signals include a positive-voltage pulse signal train and a negative-voltage pulse
signal train that alternate, a pulse width of the pulse signals is 200 s, an interval between the
pulse signals is 30 ms, a quantity of the pulse signals ranges from 25 to 35, and a time interval
between a start of the positive-voltage pulse signal train and a start of the negative-voltage pulse
signal train is one second of a gait cycle. The gait cycle may be set according to "Cadence" in the
control instruction. Alternatively, a fixed gait cycle, for example, Is, may be adopted. In this
embodiment, a current amplitude range of a positive pulse signal is from 220 to 500 [A, and a
current amplitude range of a negative pulse signal is from -500 to -220 [A.
The biostimulation electrode is fixed through an electrode fixing means to a key site on a
spinal cord surface for inducing gait movement, and the reference electrode is disposed at muscle
or spinal cord distant from the corresponding key site within 2 cm, so that electric excitation is
applied to the key site by using the biostimulation electrode to implement gait reconstruction.
The key site on the spinal cord surface for inducing gait movement is a site located on a dorsal surface of a spinal cord segment L2 (inside a spinal segment T12), at which applying electrical stimulation can generate an action that one of the left and right lower limbs moves forward and the other moves backward, and changing a polarity of an electrical excitation pulse may exchange and reverse action patterns of the left and right lower limbs. There is a key site on each of left and right sides. Coordinate ranges of the key site on the right side are
X=(0.377±0.196)*L/2, and Y=(0.780±0.143)*L2. Coordinate ranges of the key site on the left
side are X=(-0.385±0.182)*L1/2, and Y=(-0.779±0.147)*L2. X is a direction of a transverse
diameter of the lumber enlargement of the spinal cord, Y is a head-to-tail direction of the spine,
LI is a width of a transverse diameter of the lumber enlargement of the spinal cord; L2 is a
length of the spinal segment T12, and a coordinate origin is an intersection point between the
posterior median sulcus of spinal cord and a cross-section on the head side of the spinal segment
T12.
The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function
according to this embodiment is applicable to animal experiments or rehabilitation training.
To verify feasibility of the present invention, an experiment is carried on an SD rat by using
the electronic system according to this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, a key site B capable of triggering gait motor function of a rat is
searched for first, including the following steps:
(1) Record a stimulated site as (X, Y) by using an intersection point between the posterior
median sulcus of spine and a head side of each segment of the spine as the coordinate origin, a
transverse diameter direction as an X axis, and a head-to-tail direction of the spinal cord as a Y
axis, and perform the following processing on coordinates (X, Y) of a key site: performing
normalization on one second of a maximum of a transverse diameter of the lumber enlargement
of the spinal cord in the transverse diameter direction X, and performing normalization on a
length of a corresponding spinal segment in the head-to-tail direction.
(2) Stimulate the spinal cord of the SD rat through an epidural electrical excitation pulse
and search for a site on a spinal cord surface at which there is a phenomenon of alternating
movements of the left and right hindlegs.
(3) Change a polarity of an electrical excitation pulse, observe a site at which alternating
movements of the left and right hindlegs of the rat reverse, and record a specific location (X, Y)
of the site.
The biostimulation electrode of the electronic system according to this embodiment is disposed and fixed on a surface of the key site, the reference electrode is disposed at muscle distant from the corresponding key site within 2 cm, and then a control instruction is issued separately through the electroencephalogram signal collection module, the speech recognition module, the upper-computer signal receiving module, and the key module of the instruction collection system, to reconstruct gait of the rat, thereby verifying feasibility of the electronic system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2(a), a key site B is excited by using a positive pulse signal, and two hindlegs of the rat are shown in FIG. 2(b), where the left hindleg moves forward, and the right hindleg moves backward. FIG. 2(c) is a stick diagram of dynamic changes of joints of the left hindleg. FIG. 2(d) is a stick diagram of dynamic changes of joints of the right hindleg. As shown in FIG. 2(e), the key site B is excited by using a negative pulse signal. Two hindlegs of the rat are shown in FIG. 2(f), where the left hindleg moves backward, and the right hindleg moves forward. FIG. 2(g) is a stick diagram of dynamic changes of joints of the left hindleg. FIG. 2(h) is a stick diagram of dynamic changes of joints of the right hindleg. When positive and negative excitation signals are triggered at intervals, a gait motor function of the rat can be implemented. The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, and any technical solution formed by using equivalent replacement falls within the protection scope claimed by the present invention.

Claims (7)

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function,
comprising:
an instruction collection system, configured to collect instruction information, generate a
control instruction according to the instruction information, and send the control instruction to a
pulse signal generation system;
the pulse generation system, configured to receive the control instruction sent by the
instruction collection system, generate pulse signals according to the control instruction, and
send the pulse signals to a pair of biostimulation electrodes, wherein the pulse signals comprise a
positive-voltage pulse signal train and a negative-voltage pulse signal train that alternate, a pulse
width of the pulse signals is 200 s, an interval between the pulse signals is 30 ms, a quantity of
the pulse signals ranges from 25 to 35, and a time interval between a start of the positive-voltage
pulse signal train and a start of the negative-voltage pulse signal train is one second of a gait
cycle; and
the pair of biostimulation electrodes, fixed through an electrode fixing means at a key site
on a spinal cord surface for inducing gait movement, and configured to apply electrical
excitation to the key site to implement gait reconstruction, wherein the key site on the spinal cord
surface for inducing gait movement is a site located on a dorsal surface of a spinal cord segment
L2, to which applying an electrical excitation pulse can generate an action that one of the left and
right lower limbs moves forward and the other moves backward, and at which changing a
polarity of an electrical excitation pulse can exchange and reverse action patterns of the left and
right lower limbs.
2. The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function
according to claim 1, wherein the biostimulation electrode is a tungsten single-ended electrode or
a surface electrode, and a reference electrode is disposed at muscle or spinal cord distant from
the key site within 2 cm.
3. The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function
according to claim 1, wherein the instruction collection system comprises:
an electroencephalogram signal collection module, configured to collect an electroencephalogram signal, and convert a recognition result of the electroencephalogram signal into the control instruction; a speech recognition module, configured to recognize a speech signal and convert a recognition result of the speech signal into the control instruction; an upper-computer signal receiving module, configured to receive a control signal sent by an upper computer, and convert the control signal into the control instruction; and a key module, configured to output the control instruction through a key operation.
4. The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function according to claim 3, wherein the control instruction comprises: "Start", "Cadence", and "Stop", when the control instruction is "Start", the pulse signal generation system sends pulse signals to the biostimulation electrode, and sets a time interval between start moments of adjacent pulse signal trains according to "Cadence"; and when the control instruction is "Stop", the pulse signal generation system stops sending pulse signals to the biostimulation electrode.
5. The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function according to according to claim 1, wherein there is a key site on each of left and right sides; coordinate ranges of the key site on the right side are X=(0.377±0.196)*L1/2, Y=(0.780±0.143)*L2; coordinate ranges of the key site on the left side are X=(-0.385±0.182)*L1/2, Y=(-0.779±0.147)*L2; X is a direction of a transverse diameter of the lumber enlargement of the spinal cord, Y is a head-to-tail direction of the spine, Liis a width of a transverse diameter of the lumber enlargement of the spinal cord; and L2 is a length of a spinal segment T12 and a coordinate origin is an intersection point between the posterior median sulcus of spinal cord and a cross-section of the head side of the spinal segment T12.
6. The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function according to according to claim 1, wherein a current amplitude range of a positive pulse signal is from 220 to 500 [A, and a current amplitude range of a negative pulse signal is from -500 to -220 A.
7. The single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing a gait motor function according to claim 1, wherein the system is applied to animal experiment or rehabilitation training.
AU2020203039A 2020-03-31 Single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing gait motor function Active AU2020203039B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2020/082422 WO2021195959A1 (en) 2020-03-31 2020-03-31 Single-ended electrode electronic system for reconstructing gait movement function

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AU2020203039A1 true AU2020203039A1 (en) 2020-07-09
AU2020203039B2 AU2020203039B2 (en) 2022-04-28

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