AU2020103611A4 - Simulation Device and Experimental Method for Three-dimensional Solute Migration in Porous Medium - Google Patents
Simulation Device and Experimental Method for Three-dimensional Solute Migration in Porous Medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 239
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0866—Sorption
- G01N2015/0873—Dynamic sorption, e.g. with flow control means
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation device and an experimental method for three
dimensional solute migration in a porous medium. The simulation device comprises a sand
tank, an injection mode adjusting device, a liquid supply device, a permeate collector, a water
isolation plate, a well pipe, a conductivity measuring electrode, a data collector and a data
processing system. The sand tank is horizontally arranged, the interior of the sand tank is
divided into three sub-chambers from left to right, the sub-chambers are separated by baffles,
a plurality of permeable holes are uniformly and densely distributed on the baffles, the left
ventricle is connected with a liquid supply device, the middle sub-chamber is used for filling a
porous medium, the right chamber is empty and is connected with a permeable liquid collector,
a well pipe is uniformly distributed in the porous medium in the sand tank, dense permeable
holes are distributed on the side wall of the circumference of the well pipe, and a conductivity
measuring electrode is distributed in each cavity chamber. The method can simulate and
observe the three-dimensional solute migration condition in the porous medium, and is
beneficial to exploring the influence of medium heterogeneity on pollutant migration.
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
Description
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
Simulation Device and Experimental Method for Three-dimensional Solute Migration in
Porous Medium
The invention relates to the field of soil physics research, in particular to a simulation device
and an experimental method for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium.
With the continuous development of science and technology level, the contradiction between
human production activity and natural ecological environment becomes more and more acute. The
use of a large amount of pesticide reagent and the discharge of enterprise sewage cause serious
water pollution. These pollutants can migrate and diffuse continuously with the flow of
underground water, damaging the productivity of soil and seriously threatening the health of human
body. Therefore, it is very important to reveal the migration law of solute migration in porous
media.
The traditional methods of observing solute transport process mainly include horizontal soil
column method, vertical soil column method and field tracing test method. However, no matter the
horizontal soil column method or the vertical soil column method, due to the restriction of the side
wall of the column body, the water flow can only be forced to move in one dimension, and in nature,
due to the heterogeneity of the porous medium, the movement of the water flow is often
three-dimensional, and the difference of the movement forms can greatly influence the experimental
result, thereby causing the observation error. The field tracing test method can maintain the
movement of water flow well, but the observation of pollutant dispersion plume often requires a
large number of observation well tubes. Too few observation wells will influence the observation
accuracy, but increasing the number of observation wells will cause huge economic pressure.
The invention provides a simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous
medium.
The invention relates to a simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous
medium, which comprises a sand tank, an injection mode adjusting device, a liquid supply device, a
permeate collecting and loading device, a water separation plate, a well pipe, a conductivity
electrode, a data acquisition device and a data processing system.
The liquid supply device comprises a tracer liquid supply tank, a distilled water supply tank
and a peristaltic pump, wherein an injection mode adjusting device is formed by a sand groove left
chamber, a suspended subchamber, a water baffle plate, a first baffle plate and a third baffle plate
densely distributed with permeable holes of the sand groove;
The sand groove is horizontally arranged, the interior of the sand groove is divided into a sand
groove left chamber, a middle sub-chamber and a sand groove right chamber from left to right, and
a suspended sub-chamber is arranged in the sand groove left chamber;
The middle sub-chamber occupies the largest volume, the middle sub-chamber is filled with
porous media, the right chamber of the sand groove is empty, the right chamber of the sand groove
is connected with a permeate collector, the left chamber of the sand groove and the middle
sub-chamber are divided by two first baffles, a plurality of permeable holes are uniformly and
densely distributed on the first baffles, gaps are reserved between the two first baffles and used for
placing a water baffle plate, the water baffle plate plays a role of a switch, when an experiment
starts, the water baffle plate is drawn out to ensure that water flows, when the experiment stops, the
water baffle plate is inserted to stop flowing, the middle sub-chamber and the right chamber of the
sand groove are separated by a second baffle with dense permeable holes; A third baffle with dense
permeable holes is provided in the suspended sub-chamber, and the third baffle with dense
permeable holes penetrates the suspended sub-chamber to alleviate the disturbance of the liquid
level caused by water injection.
A plurality of first water inlet holes, second water inlet holes, first water outlet holes and
second water outlet holes are arranged on the side wall of the left side of the sand groove in a
staggered manner; the first water inlet holes and the second water outlet holes are communicated
with the suspended sub-chamber; the second water inlet holes and the first water outlet holes are communicated with the left chamber of the sand groove; the first water inlet holes and the second water inlet holes are at the same horizontal height; the first water outlet holes and the second water outlet holes are at the same horizontal height; and the horizontal height of the first water inlet holes and the second water inlet holes is higher than the horizontal height of the first water outlet holes and the second water outlet holes.
A plurality of groups of third water outlet holes are arranged on the side wall at the right side
of the sand groove at different heights, each group of third water outlet hole consists of two water outlet holes with the same horizontal height, and the heights of the third water outlet holes are lower
than those of the first water outlet hole and the second water outlet hole so as to cause water head
difference to form seepage;
A plurality of well pipes are distributed in a porous medium in a sand groove, the bottom end
of each well pipe is deep into the bottom of the sand groove, each well pipe penetrates through the whole porous medium aquifer, each well pipe is in a hollow cylinder shape, a third water inlet hole
is distributed on the side wall of the periphery of each well pipe, each well pipe is uniformly
divided into a plurality of cavity chambers, a conductivity measuring electrode is distributed in each cavity chamber, and the conductivity measuring electrode is connected with a data collector through
an electrode lead wire; the number of the cavities is set according to personal requirements, the
more the number of the cavities is, the more positions which can be measured in the same well pipe;
in addition, the conductivity measuring electrode is to be placed in each cavity, the other porous medium is filled in each cavity, so that the well pipe is prevented from being mixed and mixed with
solution at different depths to cause experimental observation errors.
The tracer liquid supply tank of the liquid supply device is communicated with the first water
inlet hole through the peristaltic pump and the water guide pipe; the distilled water supply tank of
the liquid supply device is communicated with the second water inlet hole through the peristaltic pump and the water guide pipe; the tracer liquid supply tank is used for storing tracer solution; and
the distilled water supply tank is used for providing distilled water.
One end of the data collector is connected with the conductivity measuring electrode, the other
end of the data collector is connected with the data processing system, the conductivity measuring
electrode can detect the change condition of the conductivity in the aqueous solution and transmit information to the data collector, the data collector can automatically record the measurement information of the electrode in real time and transmit the data to the data processing system, and the data processing system can convert the received conductivity information into the concentration information of the solution so as to realize the real-time observation of the solute migration condition.
In the present invention, the porous medium in the middle sub-chamber is soil or sand, which
can be selected according to the needs of the experiment; the material for the sand tank can be organic glass, the thickness of the glass plate can be set to 1.5 cm, and the volume of the sand tank
can be set as 155x60x60cm, the left chamber of the sand tank is 10cm, the middle sub-chamber is
140cm, and the right chamber of the sand tank is 5cm; the thickness of the first baffle, the second
baffle and the third baffle is 8mm, and the thickness of the water barrier is 4mm; the inner diameter of the first water inlet, the second water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water outlet and the
third water outlet are all 8mm, and the outer diameters of which are all 12mm; the volume of the
suspended sub-chamber is 10x8x8cm, the thickness of the side wall of the suspended sub-chamber is 8mm; the material of the tracer supply tank, the distilled water supply tank and the permeate
collector is PVC plastic; the water guide pipe uses a rubber tube with an inner diameter of 10mm;
the material of the well pipe is plexiglass material, the inner diameter of the well pipe is 4cm, which
are equally divided into three sub-chambers; the conductivity measuring electrode is a platinum electrode, which is composed of two platinum plates, and the two platinum plates are arranged
parallel to the direction of the water flow. The diameter of the conductivity measuring electrode is
controlled within lcm; the filling material in the well tube can be glass beads with a diameter of
3mm.
The invention relates to an experimental method of a simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium, which comprises the following steps:
1) Material filling: wrapping a first baffle plate and a second baffle plate at the left side and the
right side of a middle sub-chamber of a sand tank with gauze so as to prevent medium particles
blocking a permeable hole, selecting a porous medium required by an experiment according to
requirements, performing well pipe layout work when the filling thickness of the medium reaches -30CM, continuing to fill the porous medium after well pipe layout is finished, and selecting
whether a clay layer is covered above the porous medium according to the requirements of a simulation object, wherein for a diving aquifer, the clay layer does not need to be arranged, and for a confined g aquifer, the clay layer needs to be arranged;
2) Well pipe layout: covering the side wall of the well pipe with gauze to prevent medium particles blocking a third water inlet hole on the side wall of the well pipe, wherein the length of the
well pipe is larger than the thickness of the porous medium, the well pipe layout is carried out when
the material filling thickness reaches 20-30cm (the well pipe can be well fixed in the medium),
blocking one end of the well pipe, inserting the blocking end into a hole distribution position which is set in advance, and continuing material filling after the hole distribution is finished;
3) Electrode layout: all the conductivity measuring electrodes are connected with the data
collector and calibrated, the leading edge of the conductivity measuring electrode can be wrapped
by gauze, so as to avoid that the saturated water medium particles are stuck between the electrode
platinum sheets, the layout depth of each chamber conductivity measuring electrode is set in advance, the rest part of the chamber is filled with glass beads with the diameter of 3mm after the
conductivity measuring electrodes are laid, so as to avoid that solutions with different depths are
mixed and mixed in the chamber of the well chamber, and further cause measurement errors;
4) Sand tank water supply: connect the sand tank to the tracer supply tank, distilled water supply tank and permeate collector 17, when the height of the first and second outlet holes on the
left side of the sand tank has been fixed, the lower the height of the third outlet hole on the right
side of the sand tank, the greater the seepage velocity, select the height of the third outlet hole on
the right side of the sand tank according to the experiment, and connect the permeate collector to the third outlet hole on the right side of the sand tank, start the peristaltic pump connected to the
distilled water supply tank, and inject distilled water into the left chamber of the sand tank. Do not
inject distilled water into the suspended sub-chamber. The entire injection process needs to be slow
to eliminate the bubbles enclosed in the porous medium. This process continues until the distilled water is collected by the permeate collector;
5) Medium flushing: namely flushing the porous medium so as to avoid ions carried by the medium from influencing observation results, wherein the flushing process is to continuously
supply distilled water, the flow speed of the peristaltic pump is properly increased, continuous and
slow overflow can be formed in the first water outlet hole and the second water outlet hole on the left side of the sand tank, the flushing process takes the observation data of the conductivity measuring electrode as a judgment basis, and when the data of the data processing system are not obviously changed, the flushing process is finished;
6) Tracer injection: take NaCl as an example for the tracer, configure a NaCl solution of
appropriate concentration before the experiment, select the tracer injection form (point source/area
source) according to the experimental needs, and insert the water barrier into the setting position so
as to block the input of water into the porous medium. If the injection method is point source injection, replace the distilled water in the suspended sub-chamber with the configured NaCl
solution, and connect the first water inlet hole corresponding to the suspended sub-chamber with the
tracer supply tank and turn on the peristaltic pump connected to the tracer supply tank. If the
injection method is surface source injection, replace the distilled water in the entire suspended sub-chamber including the suspended sub-chamber and the left chamber of the sand tank with the
configured NaCl solution, connect all the first water inlets on the left side of the sand tank to the
tracer supply tank, and turn on the peristaltic pump connected to the tracer supply tank. After completing the above operations, remove the water barrier plate, and continue to transport the
solution in the porous medium;
7) Observation and recording of experimental data: when the water barrier plate is removed,
the observation and recording of the experimental data should be started. The recording time
interval can be selected according to the seepage velocity, and the seepage velocity can be calculated from the flow of the third water outlet on the right side of the sand tank. If the flow rate
is faster, the overall duration of the experiment is relatively short, and the recording interval can be
set to a smaller value, and vice versa. Through the data processing system, the concentration
situation at different locations at the same time can be observed. The interpolation method is used to draw the isoconcentration curve, and the migration of the tracer and its dispersion plume can be
observed more intuitively;
In the method, the tracer is selected as a NaCl solution, and the concentration can be set to
500mg/L; the mesh number of the gauze can be selected to be 100 meshes; for the simulation of a
confined aquifer, the thickness of an overlying clay layer can be set to be 15cm; the arrangement condition of a conductivity measuring electrode is shown in Figure 1; the difference between the
water heads of the left and right sides of a sand groove 5 can be set as required; the recording time interval can be set to be 30 seconds; and for the same medium, the experiment can be repeated three times to ensure the reliability of the result.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. Through the design of well tube structure, the three-dimensional solute migration in porous media can be observed under relatively economic conditions.
2. The simulation of the point source pollution and the area source pollution can be realized
through the design of the injection mode adjusting device.
3. The simulation of the two aquifer conditions of the submersible aquifer and the confined
aquifer can be realized respectively.
4. The experiment method is convenient and fast, the data observation is automatic, the labor
cost is saved, the experiment process can be repeated, the results can be compared with each other,
and the reliability is high.
Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of an injection mode adjusting device according to
the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram 2 of an injection mode adjusting device according to
the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a well pipe according to the present invention.
In the figure: A-liquid supply device; B-injection mode adjusting device; 1-tracer supply tank; 2-distilled water supply tank; 3-peristaltic pump; 4- water guide pipe; 5-sand tank; 6-first
water outlet; 7-first water inlet; 8-second water inlet; 9-second water outlet; 10-suspended
sub-chamber; 1-left chamber of sand tank; 12-water barrier plate; 13-electrode lead 14-well
pipe; 141-third water inlet; 15-data collector; 16-data processing system; 17-permeate collector; 18-first baffle; 19-third water outlet; 20-permeable hole; 21-conductivity measuring electrode; 22-middle sub-chamber; 23-right chamber of sand tank; 24-second baffle with dense permeable holes; 25-third baffle with dense permeable holes.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium comprises a sand tank 5, an injection mode adjusting device B, a liquid supply
device A, a permeate collecting and loading device 17, a water barrier plate 12, a well pipe 14, a
conductivity electrode 21, a data acquisition device 15 and a data processing system 16:
The liquid supply device A comprises a tracer liquid supply tank 1, a distilled water supply
tank 2 and a peristaltic pump 3, wherein a sand groove left chamber 11 of a sand groove 5, a
suspension sub-chamber 10, a water barrier plate 12, a first baffle plate 18 and a third baffle plate densely distributed with permeable holes form an injection mode adjusting device B;
The sand groove 5 is horizontally arranged, the interior of the sand groove 5 is divided into a
sand groove left chamber 11, a middle sub-chamber 22 and a sand groove right chamber 23 from
left to right, and a suspended sub-chamber 10 is arranged in the sand groove left chamber 11;
The middle sub-chamber 22 occupies the largest volume, the middle sub-chamber 22 is filled
with porous media, the right chamber 23 of the sand tank is empty, the right chamber 23 of the sand tank is connected with the permeate collector 17, the sand tank left chamber 11 and the middle
sub-chamber 22 is divided by two first baffles 18, the first baffle 18 is evenly densely covered with
many permeable holes 20, and there is a gap between the two first baffles 18 for placing the water barrier plate 12, the water barrier plate 12 acts as a switch. When the experiment starts, the water
barrier plate 12 is drawn out to make the water flow. When the experiment is paused, the water
barrier plate 12 can be inserted to stop the flow. The middle sub-chamber 22 and the right chamber
23 of the sand tank are separated by a second baffle 24 with dense permeable holes; the third baffle densely packed with permeable holes is provided in the suspended sub-chamber 10, and the third
baffle 25 with dense permeable holes penetrates the suspended sub-chamber 10 to alleviate the
disturbance of the liquid level caused by water injection.
A plurality of first water inlet holes 7, second water inlet holes 8, first water outlet holes 6 and second water outlet holes 9 are arranged on the left side wall of the sand tank 5 in a staggered manner; the first water inlet holes 7 and the second water outlet holes 9 are communicated with the suspended sub-chamber 10; the second water inlet holes 8 and the first water outlet holes 6 are communicated with the sand tank left chamber 11; the first water inlet holes 7 and the second water inlet holes 8 are at the same horizontal height; the first water outlet holes 6 and the second water outlet holes 9 are at the same horizontal height; and the horizontal height of the first water inlet holes 7 and the second water inlet holes 8 is higher than that of the first water outlet holes 6 and the second water outlet holes 9.
A plurality of groups of third water outlet holes 19 are arranged on the side wall at the right
side of the sand groove 5 at different heights, each group of third water outlet holes 19 consists of
two water outlet holes with the same horizontal height, and the heights of the third water outlet holes 19 are lower than those of the first water outlet hole 6 and the second water outlet hole 9 so as
to cause water head difference to form seepage;
A number of well pipes 14 are arranged in the porous medium in the sand tank 5, the bottom
end of the well pipe 14 goes deep to the bottom of the sand tank 5, the well pipe 14 penetrates the entire porous medium aquifer, and the well pipe 14 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder and a third
water inlet 141 is arranged on the side wall of the body, the well pipe 14 is equally divided into
several cavities, and a conductivity measuring electrode 21 is arranged in each cavity, and the
conductivity measuring electrode 21 is connected to the data collector 15 through the electrode lead 13; the number of chambers is set according to personal requirements, the more chambers there are,
the more positions can be measured in the same well pipe. Moreover, in addition to the conductivity
measuring electrode 21 in each cavity, the rest must be filled with porous media to avoid miscibility
of solutions at different depths in the well pipe, which will cause experimental observation errors.
The tracer liquid supply tank 1 of the liquid supply device A is communicated with the first water inlet hole 7 through the peristaltic pump 3 and the water guide pipe; the distilled water supply
tank 2 of the liquid supply device A is communicated with the second water inlet hole 8 through the
peristaltic pump 3 and the water guide pipe; the tracer liquid supply tank 1 is used for storing tracer
solution; and the distilled water supply tank 2 is used for providing distilled water.
One end of the data collector 15 is connected with the conductivity measuring electrode 21, the other end of the data collector 15 is connected with the data processing system 16, the conductivity measuring electrode 21 can detect the change condition of the conductivity in the aqueous solution and transmit information to the data collector 15, the data collector 15 can automatically record the measurement information of the electrode in real time and transmit the data to the data processing system 16, and the data processing system 16 can convert the received conductivity information into the concentration information of the solution so as to realize the real-time observation of the solute migration condition.
In the present invention, the porous medium in the middle sub-chamber 22 is soil or sand,
which is selected according to the needs of the experiment; the material for the sand tank 5 can be
organic glass, the thickness of the glass plate can be set to 1.5 cm, and The volume of sand tank 5
can be set to 155x60x60cm, the left chamber 11 of the sand tank is 10cm, the middle sub-chamber 22 is 140cm, and the right chamber 23 of the sand tank is 5cm; the thickness of the first baffle 18,
the second baffle 24 and the third baffle 25 is 8mm, and the thickness of the water barrier plate 12 is
4mm; the inner diameters of the first water inlet 7, the second water inlet 8, the first water outlet 6, the second water outlet 9 and the third water outlet 19 are all 8mm, the outer diameters of the first
water inlet 7, the second water inlet 8, the first water outlet 6, the second water outlet 9 and the third
water outlet 19 are all 12mm; the volume of the suspended sub-chamber 10 is lOx8x8cm, and the
side wall thickness of the suspended sub-chamber 10 is 8mm; the tracer supply tank 1, the distilled water supply tank 2 and the permeate collector 17 is made of PVC plastic; the water guide pipe 4 is
made of rubber with an inner diameter of 10mm; the well pipe 14 is made of organic glass material,
and the inner diameter of well pipe 14 is 4cm, which is divided into three sub-chambers; the
conductivity measuring electrode 21 is made of platinum electrode, the platinum electrode is composed of two platinum plates, the two platinum plates are arranged parallel to the water flow
direction, the diameter of the conductivity measuring electrode 21 is controlled within 1 cm; the
filling material in the well tube 14 can be glass beads with a diameter of 3 mm.
The invention relates to an experimental method of a simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium, which comprises the following steps:
1) Material filling: wrapping a first baffle 18 and the second baffle 24 on the left and right sides of the middle sub-chamber 22 of the sand tank 5 with gauze to prevent media particles
blocking the permeable holes 20, selecting the porous medium required for the experiment according to the requirements, performing well pipe layout work when the filling thickness of the medium reaches 20-30CM, continuing to fill the porous medium after well pipe layout is finished, and selecting whether a clay layer is covered above the porous medium according to the requirements of a simulation object, wherein for a diving aquifer, the overlying clay layer does not need to be arranged, and for a confined aquifer, the overlying clay layer needs to be arranged;
2) Well pipe layout: wrapping the side wall of the well pipe 14 with gauze to prevent media
particles blocking the third water inlet hole 141 on the side wall of the well pipe 14. The length of the well pipe 14 should be greater than the thickness of the porous medium, the well pipe 14 layout
is carried out when the material filling thickness reaches 20-30cm (the well pipe can be well fixed
in the medium), blocking one end of the well pipe 14, inserting the blocking end into a pre-set hole
distribution position, and continuing material filling after the hole distribution is finished;
3) Electrode layout: all the conductivity measuring electrodes 21 are connected with the data acquisition device 15 and calibrated, the front edge of the conductivity measuring electrode 21 can
be wrapped by gauze, so as to avoid that the saturated water medium particles are stuck between
the electrode platinum sheets, the layout depth of each chamber conductivity measuring electrode 21 is set in advance, the rest part of the chamber is filled with glass beads with the diameter of 3mm
after the conductivity measuring electrode 21 is arranged, so as to avoid the solution with different
depths are mixed and mixed in the chamber of the well tube 14, thereby causing measurement
errors;
4) Sand tank water supply: the sand tank 5 is connected with the tracer liquid supply tank 1, the distilled water supply tank 2 and the permeate collector 17, under the condition that the heights
of the first water outlet hole 6 and the second water outlet hole 9 on the left side of the sand tank 5
are fixed, when the height of the third water outlet hole 19 on the right side of the sand tank 5 is
lower, the seepage speed is higher, the height of the third water outlet hole 19 on the right side of the sand tank 5 is selected according to an experiment, the permeate collector 17 is butted with the
third water outlet hole 19 on the right side of the sand tank 5, start the peristaltic pump 3 connected
to the distilled water supply tank 2, and inject distilled water into the left chamber 11 of the sand
tank. Do not inject distilled water into the suspended sub-chamber 10. The entire injection process needs to be slow to eliminate the bubbles enclosed in the porous medium. This process continues
until the distilled water is collected by the permeate collector 17;
5) Medium flushing: the porous medium is flushed so as to avoid ions carried by the medium
from influencing observation results, the flushing process is to continuously supply distilled water, the flow speed of the peristaltic pump 3 is properly increased, continuous and slow overflow can be
formed in the first water outlet hole 6 and the second water outlet hole 9 on the left side of the sand
tank 5, the flushing process is based on the observation data of the conductivity measuring electrode 21, and when the data of the data processing system 16 does not obviously change, the flushing
process is finished;
6) Tracer injection: take NaCl as an example for the tracer. Prepare an appropriate
concentration of NaCl solution before the experiment, select the tracer injection form (point
source/area source) according to the experimental needs, and insert the water barrier plate 12 into
the setting position to block the input of water into the porous medium. If the injection method is point source injection, replace the distilled water in the suspended sub-chamber 10 with the
configured NaCl solution, and connect set the first water inlet hole 7 corresponding to the
suspended sub-chamber 10 to the tracer supply tank 1 and turn on the peristaltic pump 3 connected to the tracer supply tank 1. If the injection method is surface source injection, replace the distilled
water in the entire suspended sub-chamber 10 including the suspended sub-chamber 10 and the left
chamber 11 of the sand tank with the configured NaCl solution, and connect all the first water inlets
7 on the left side of the sand tank 5 with the tracer supply tank 1, and turn on the peristaltic pump 3 connected to the tracer supply tank 1, after completing the above operations, remove the water
barrier plate 12, and continue to transport the solution in the porous medium;
7) Observing and recording experimental data, wherein the observation and recording of the
experimental data are started after the water barrier plate 12 is removed, the recording time interval
can be selected according to the seepage velocity, the seepage velocity can be calculated through the flow rate of the third water outlet hole 19 at the right side of the sand tank 5, if the velocity is high,
the overall time of the experiment is relatively short, the recording time interval can be taken as a
small value, and vice versa, the concentration conditions at different positions at the same moment can be observed through the data processing system. The interpolation method is used to draw the
isoconcentration curve, and the migration condition of the tracer and the form of the dispersion
plume can be observed more intuitively.
In the method, the tracer is selected as a NaCl solution, and the concentration can be set to
500mg/L; the mesh number of the gauze can be selected to be 100 meshes; for the simulation of a confined aquifer, the thickness of an overlying clay layer can be set to be 15cm; the arrangement
condition of the conductivity measuring electrode 21 is shown in Figure 1; the water head
difference between the left water head and the right water head of the sand tank 5 can be set as
required; the recording time interval can be set to be 30 seconds; and for the same medium, the experiment can be repeated three times to ensure the reliability of the result.
Claims (21)
1. A simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium is characterized
in that the device comprises a sand tank 5, an injection mode adjusting device B, a liquid supply device A, a permeate collecting and loading device 17, a water barrier plate 12, a well tube 14, a
conductivity electrode 21, a data acquisition device 15 and a data processing system 16:
The liquid supply device A comprises a tracer liquid supply tank 1, a distilled water supply
tank 2 and a peristaltic pump 3, wherein a sand groove left chamber 11 of a sand groove 5, a
suspension sub-chamber 10, a water barrier plate 12, a first baffle plate 18 and a third baffle plate densely distributed with permeable holes form an injection mode adjusting device B;
The sand groove 5 is horizontally arranged, the interior of the sand groove 5 is divided into a
sand groove left chamber 11, a middle sub-chamber 22 and a sand groove right chamber 23 from
left to right, and a suspended sub-chamber 10 is arranged in the sand groove left chamber 11;
The middle sub-chamber 22 is filled with porous media, the right chamber 23 of the sand tank
is empty, the right chamber 23 of the sand tank is connected with the permeate collector 17, and the
left chamber 11 of the sand tank and the middle sub-chamber 22 pass through two first baffles 18, the first baffle 18 is evenly densely distributed with many permeable holes 20, and there is a gap
between the two first baffles 18 for placing the water barrier plate 12, and the water barrier plate 12
functions as a switch. When the experiment starts, the water barrier plate 12 is drawn out to make the water flow. When the experiment is suspended, the water barrier plate 12 can be inserted to stop
the flow. The middle sub-chamber 22 and the right chamber 23 of the sand tank are separated by a
second baffle 24 with dense permeable holes; a third baffle 25 with dense permeable holes is
provided in the sub-chamber 10, and the third baffle 25 with dense permeable holes penetrates the suspended sub-chamber 10 to alleviate the disturbance of the liquid level caused by water injection;
A plurality of first water inlet holes 7, second water inlet holes 8, first water outlet holes 6 and
second water outlet holes 9 are arranged on the left side wall of the sand tank 5 in a staggered
manner; the first water inlet holes 7 and the second water outlet holes 9 are communicated with the
suspended sub-chamber 10; the second water inlet holes 8 and the first water outlet holes 6 are communicated with the left chamber 11 of the sand tank; the first water inlet holes 7 and the second
water inlet holes 8 are at the same horizontal height; the first water outlet holes 6 and the second water outlet holes 9 are at the same horizontal height; and the horizontal height of the first water inlet holes 7 and the second water inlet holes 8 is higher than that of the first water outlet holes 6 and the second water outlet holes 9.
A plurality of groups of third water outlet holes 19 are arranged on the side wall at the right
side of the sand groove 5 at different heights, each group of third water outlet holes 19 consists of
two water outlet holes with the same horizontal height, and the heights of the third water outlet
holes 19 are lower than those of the first water outlet hole 6 and the second water outlet hole 9 so as to cause water head difference to form seepage;
A plurality of well tubes 14 are arranged in the porous medium in the sand tank 5, the bottom
ends of the well tubes 14 penetrate into the bottom of the sand tank 5, the well tubes 14 penetrate
through the whole porous medium aquifer, the well tubes 14 are in a hollow cylinder shape, a third
water inlet hole 141 is arranged on the side wall of the circumference of the well tubes 14, the well tubes 14 are evenly divided into a plurality of cavity chambers, a conductivity measuring electrode
21 is arranged in each cavity chamber, and the conductivity measuring electrode 21 is connected
with the data collector 15 through an electrode lead 13; moreover, in addition to the conductivity measuring electrode 21 in each cavity, the rest must be filled with porous media;
The tracer liquid supply tank 1 of the liquid supply device A is communicated with the first
water inlet hole 7 through the peristaltic pump 3 and the water guide pipe; the distilled water supply
tank 2 of the liquid supply device A is communicated with the second water inlet hole 8 through the
peristaltic pump 3 and the water guide pipe; the tracer liquid supply tank 1 is used for storing tracer solution; and the distilled water supply tank 2 is used for providing distilled water.
One end of the data collector 15 is connected with the conductivity measuring electrode 21, and the other end of the data collector 15 is connected with the data processing system 16.
2. The simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium,
according to claim 1, is characterized in that the porous medium in the middle sub-chamber 22 is
soil or sand.
3. The simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium,
according to claim 1, is characterized in that the sand groove 5 is made of organic glass, the thickness of the glass plate is 1.5cm, the volume of the sand groove 5 is155x60x60cm, the left chamber 11 of the sand groove is 10cm, the middle sub-chamber 22 is 140cm, the right chamber 23 of the sand groove is 5cm, the thickness of the first baffle plate 18, the thickness of the second baffle plate 24 and the thickness of the third baffle plate 25 are 8mm, the thickness of the water barrier plate 12 is 4mm, the inner diameters of the first water inlet hole 7, the second water inlet hole 8, the second water outlet hole 6, the second water outlet hole 9 and the third water outlet hole 19 are 8mm, and the outer diameters of which are all 12mm; the volume of the suspended sub-chamber 10 is lOx8x8cm, the thickness of the side wall of the suspended sub-chamber is 8mm;
4. The simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium,
according to claim 1, is characterized in that the tracer liquid supply tank 1, the distilled water
supply tank 2 and the permeate liquid collector 17 are made of PVC plastic; the water guide pipe 4
is made of a rubber pipe with the inner diameter of 10mm; the well pipe 14 is made of organic glass material, and the inner diameter of the well pipe 14 is 4cm; the conductivity measuring electrode 21
is made of a platinum electrode; the platinum electrode is composed of two platinum sheets; the two
platinum sheets are arranged in parallel with the direction of water flow; the diameter of the conductivity measuring electrode 21 is less than lcm; and the filling material in the well pipe 14
can be glass beads with the diameter of 3mm.
5. The experimental method of a simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a
porous medium, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the method comprises the following
steps:
1) Material filling: wrapping the first baffle 18 and the second baffle 24 on the left and right sides of the middle sub-chamber 22 of the sand tank 5 with gauze to prevent media particles
blocking the permeable holes 20, selecting the porous medium required for the experiment
according to the requirements, performing well pipe 14 layout work when the thickness of the
medium filling reaches 20~30CM, continuing to fill the porous medium after well pipe layout is finished, and selecting whether a clay layer is covered above the porous medium according to the
requirements of a simulation object, wherein for a diving aquifer, the clay layer does not need to be
arranged, and for a confined g aquifer, the clay layer needs to be arranged;
2) Well pipe layout: wrapping the side wall of the well pipe 14 with gauze to prevent media
particles blocking the third water inlet 141 on the side wall of the well pipe 14. The length of the well pipe 14 should be greater than the thickness of the porous medium. The well pipe 14 layout is carried out when the material filling thickness reaches 20-30cm, blocking one end of the well pipe
14, inserting the blocking end into a hole distribution position which is set in advance, and
continuing material filling after the hole distribution is finished;
3) Electrode layout: all the conductivity measuring electrodes 21 are connected with the data
collector 15 and calibrated, the front edge of the conductivity measuring electrode 21 can be
wrapped by gauze, so as to avoid that the saturated water medium particles are stuck between the electrode platinum sheets, the layout depth of each chamber conductivity measuring electrode 21 is
set in advance, the rest part of the chamber is filled with glass beads with the diameter of 3mm after
the conductivity measuring electrode 21 is arranged, and the solution with different depths can be
prevented from being mixed and mixed in the chamber of the well tube 14, thereby causing measurement errors;
4) Sand tank water supply: connect the sand tank 5 to the tracer supply tank 1, distilled water
supply tank 2 and permeate collector 17, under the condition that the heights of the first water outlet
hole 6 and the second water outlet hole 9 on the left side of the sand tank 5 are fixed, when the height of the third water outlet hole 19 on the right side of the sand tank 5 is lower, the seepage
speed is higher, the height of the third water outlet hole 19 on the right side of the sand tank 5 is
selected according to an experiment, the permeate collector 17 is butted with the third water outlet
hole 19 on the right side of the sand tank 5, a peristaltic pump 3 connected with the distilled water supply tank 2 is started, distilled water is injected into the left chamber 11 of the sand tank. Do not
inject distilled water into the suspended sub-chamber 10. The entire injection process needs to be
slow to eliminate the bubbles enclosed in the porous medium. This process continues until the
distilled water is collected by the permeate collector 17;
5) Medium flushing: the porous medium is flushed so as to avoid ions carried by the medium from influencing observation results, the flushing process is to continuously supply distilled water,
the flow speed of the peristaltic pump 3 is properly increased, continuous and slow overflow can be
formed in the first water outlet hole 6 and the second water outlet hole 9 on the left side of the sand
tank 5, the flushing process is based on the observation data of the conductivity measuring electrode 21, and when the data of the data processing system 16 does not obviously change, the flushing
process is finished;
6) Tracer injection: take NaCl as an example for the tracer, configure an appropriate concentration
of NaCl solution before the experiment, select the tracer injection form (point source/area source)
according to the experimental needs, and insert the water barrier plate 12 into the setting position so as to block the input of water into the porous medium. If the injection method is point source
injection, replace the distilled water in the suspended sub-chamber 10 with the configured NaCl solution, and connect the first water inlet hole 7 corresponding to the suspended sub-chamber 10
with the tracer supply tank 1 and turn on the peristaltic pump 3 connected to the tracer supply tank 1.
If the injection method is surface source injection, replace the distilled water in the entire suspended
sub-chamber 10 including the suspended sub-chamber 10 and the left chamber 11 of the sand tank with the configured NaCl solution, and connect all the first water inlets 7 on the left side of the sand
tank 5 with the tracer supply tank 1, and turn on the peristaltic pump 3 connected to the tracer
supply tank 1, after completing the above operations, remove the water barrier plate 12, and continue to transport the solution in the porous medium;
7) Observing and recording experimental data: wherein the observation and recording of the experimental data are started after the water barrier plate 12 is removed, the recording time interval
can be selected according to the seepage velocity, the seepage velocity can be calculated through the
flow rate of the third water outlet hole 19 at the right side of the sand tank 5, if the velocity is high,
the overall duration of the experiment is relatively short, the recording time interval can be taken as a small value, and vice versa. Through the data processing system, the concentration situation at
different locations at the same time can be observed. The interpolation method is used to draw the
isoconcentration curve, and the migration of the tracer and its dispersion plume can be observed
more intuitively.
6. The experimental method of the simulation device for three-dimensional solute migration in a porous medium, according to claim 5, is characterized in that the tracer is selected from NaCl
solution with the concentration of 500mg/L; the mesh number of the gauze is 100; and for the
simulation of a confined aquifer, the thickness of the overlying clay layer is 15cm.
-1/2- 23 Nov 2020 2020103611
Figure 1
Figure 2
-2/2-
Figure4 Figure3
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