AU2020102197A4 - A method for controlling insects at airports to ensure the safety of aeroengine test - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for controlling insects at airports to ensure the safety of aeroengine test, which comprises: mowing grass once every half month during the growing season of lawn, maintaining the grass's height not exceeding 10cm; 5 utilizing solar insecticidal lamps which set at 200m intervals on the lawn with wavelength of 375nm or 405nm or composite band to kill the insects, the lamps working at night with photosensitive automatic switch; and the reasonable chemical control. The method of the present invention can significantly decrease the number of insects at airports, reduce the food source of birds at airports, and reduce "bird strike" to a certain 10 extent. 1600 1400 1200 1000 E 0 800 E 600 z 400 200 0 ' lamp No.1 lamp No.2 lamp No.3 lamp No.4 lamp No.5 lamp No.6 lamp No.7

Description

A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS AT AIRPORTS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF AEROENGINE TEST [FIELD OF THE INVENTION]

The present invention relates to the field of insects control, particularly to a method

for controlling insects at airports to ensure the safety of aeroengine test.

[BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION]

The airport lawn is an important part of airport environment, which plays an

important role in buffering the airport runway, preventing wind sand, absorbing water,

improving air quality, helping to dissipate heat and balancing humidity. The ecosystem

of the airport lawn is special and provides the habitat for the birds. During take-off,

landing and low-altitude flight of the aircraft, birds may collide with the aircraft,

causing a serious "bird strike" event. Varieties of insects in the airport lawn provide a

rich source of food for birds, but also attract a variety of birds around the airport to feed.

Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the insect population in the airport

environment and cut the food chain between lawn and birds in order to decrease the

number of birds and bird strike. Researches in native and abroad on insects at airports mainly focus on the

investigation of the species and quantity of insects at airports and the relationship

between insects and birds on the airport lawn. However, there is little research on the

control of insects in the airport environment. Only a few researches have been carried

out on the chemical control of insects on the ground of airport lawn, while its measures

are single and its effects are poor. Up to now, a complete technical system of insects

control in the airport environment has not formed.

[DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION]

The present invention provides a technology for controlling insects at airports to

ensure the safety of aeroengine test, which solves the problem of single measures of the insects control technology and poor control effects.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical plan.

A method for controlling insects at airports to ensure the safety of aeroengine test,

which comprises:

1. Mowing grass regularly

Mowing grass once every half month during the growing season of lawn,

maintaining the height of grass not exceeding 10cm;

2. Mounting solar insecticidal lamps

Utilizing solar insecticidal lamps to kill the insects, with the lamps setting at 200m

intervals on the lawn with wavelength of 375nm or 405nm or composite band, and the

lamps working at night with photosensitive automatic switch;

3. Chemical control

To control underground pests on the lawn: applying the insecticides once in early

April, then 7-10 days later after the first application and then in first and middle of May,

with 15kg per mu of soil by soil mixing. The insecticides are:

(1) 3% phoxim granules with active ingredient of 2,275g/ha and formulation

dosage of 6,176g/mu;

(2) 5% chlorpyrifos granules with active ingredient of 1,875g/ha and formulation

dosage of 2,500g/mu;

Either of them or both can be applied alternatively;

To control insects on the ground of the lawn: applying the insecticides once in

April-May and August-September respectively, with 50kg per mu of water by spraying

with water. The insecticides and their dosage are:

(1) 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC with active ingredient of 33.75g/ha and

formulation dosage of 50g/mu;

(2) 41.6% chlorpyrifos EC with active ingredient of 468g/ha and formulation

dosage of 75g/mu;

Either of them or both can be applied alternatively.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects.

The method of the present invention can significantly decrease the number of

insects at airports, reduce the food source of birds at airports, and reduce "bird strike"

to a certain extent.

[Description of the attached drawings]

Figure 1 is the comparison of the trapping and killing effects of solar insecticidal

lamps with different wavelengths.

Figure 2 shows the dynamics of the larvae and pupae of scarabs at airports.

[Embodiments]

In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly,

the present invention is further explained in detail in combination with the following

embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are meant

to illustrate but not to limit the present invention.

1. Investigation on major insect groups in the airport

In April through November in 2016, the insects at airports were collected and

trapped by means of net trapping, suction machine sampling, digging sampling, light

trapping and sweet-and-sour wine trapping. Insects at airports are rich in species and

large in quantity. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera are the main insect groups at airports

(Table 1, Table 2). The main Coleoptera insects are scarabs, accounting for 76.15% of

Coleoptera. Lepidoptera insects are mainly moths.

Table 1 Seasonal Variation of Quantity of Insects at Airports (April-July)

April May June July Order Quantit Percenta Quantit Percenta Quanti Percenta Quanti Percenta y ge (%) y ge (%) ty ge (%) ty ge (%) Coleoptera 540 39.47 3233 69.59 9127 85.97 6636 74.36 Orthoptera 6 0.44 9 0.19 91 0.86 124 1.39 Hemiptera 38 2.78 99 2.13 294 2.77 123 1.38 Diptera 171 12.5 264 5.68 43 0.41 323 3.62 Hymenoptera 0 0 3 0.06 4 0.04 55 0.62

Blattodea 0 0 0 0 384 3.62 781 8.75 anisoptera 0 0 0 0 1 0.01 0 0 Mantodea 0 0 0 0 1 0.01 0 0 Lepidoptera 613 44.81 1032 22.21 671 6.32 882 9.88

Table 2 Seasonal Variation of Quantity of Insects at Airports (August-November) August September October November Order Quantit Percenta Quantit Percentag Quantit Percenta Quantit Percenta y ge((%) y e(%) y ge(%) y ge(%) Coleoptera 4758 64.97 1641 49.4 176 18.72 5 2.27 Orthoptera 163 2.23 125 3.76 41 4.36 1 0.45 Hemiptera 372 5.08 136 4.08 59 6.28 0 0 Diptera 626 8.55 25 0.75 17 1.81 5 2.27 Hymenoptera 207 2.83 35 1.05 0 0 0 0 Blattodea 45 0.61 3 0.09 0 0 0 0 Mantodea 1 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lepidoptera 1151 15.71 1355 40.81 647 68.83 209 95

2. Study on the trapping and killing technology of the main insects at airports by

solar insecticidal lamps with different wavelengths

2.1 The number of insects trapped and killed by solar insecticidal lamps with

different wavelengths

In April through November, 7 solar insecticidal lamps with different wavelengths

(Table 3) were mounted around the airport lawn. Insects under the lamps were collected

and laboratory identified weekly to study the trapping and killing effects of solar

insecticidal lamps with different wavelengths.

Table 3 Codes and Wavelengths of the Solar Insecticidal Lamps at the Airport No. No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7

Wavelengths 405nm 350nm Composite 375nm 395nm 41mm 464nm Band

The solar insecticidal lamps have good trapping and killing effects on insects at

airport (Table 4). During the experiment, a total of 31,593 insects were collected

including 7 orders such as Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera,

Hymenoptera and Mantodea, among which Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were the most,

24,054 and 6,123 accounting for 76.14% and 19.38% of the total, respectively.

Coleoptera insects are mainly scarabs and Lepidoptera insects are all moths.

Table 4 the Quantity of Insects Trapped by Solar Insecticidal Lamps at the

Airport

Septe Nove Order April May June July August October Total mber mber Coleoptera 3430 188 9090 5578 3985 1608 170 5 24054 Lepidoptera 681 1127 625 664 924 1250 643 209 6123 Hemiptera 5 61 122 89 255 109 53 0 694 Orthoptera 1 3 45 23 100 20 9 1 202 Diptera 215 274 5 1 0 3 0 5 503 Hymenoptera 3 3 2 0 6 2 0 0 16 Mantodae 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Total 4335 1656 9889 6355 5271 2992 875 220 31593

2.2 The trapping and killing effects of solar insecticidal lamps with different

wavelengths on scarabs

During the experiment, 19,728 scarabs were collected, accounting for 82.02% of

Coleoptera insects. The number of trapped insects varied significantly in different

months, with 8,796 accounting for 44.59% of the total in June at most, and 5,949 in

July accounting for 30.15% of the total. The results were consistent with the annual

dynamics of scarab adults and showed a single-peak type with the peak in June-to-July.

The results showed that solar insecticidal lamps had good trapping and killing effects

on scarabs and could reduce the number of scarab adults in the peak period.

There were significant differences in trapping and killing effects of solar

insecticidal lamps with different wavelengths, among which lamp No.4 trapped and

killed scarabs the most, followed by lamp No.7 and lamp No.2 the least (Table 5). In

August, lamp No. 3 tapped and killed scarabs the most.

In a word, lamp No.4 with wavelength of 375nm trapped and killed scarabs the

most from April to November and could be used as the main lamp to trap and kill

scarabs at airports.

Table 5 the Trapping and Killing Effects on Scarabs of Solar Insecticidal Lamps

with Different Wavelengths

Month lamp lamp lamp lamp lamp lamp lamp No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 April 19 4 1 24 11 7 20 May 179 59 96 313 211 158 922 June 642 908 930 2524 1458 1053 1281 July 317 386 1065 1531 934 695 1021 August 78 247 1016 276 121 186 91 September 34 173 135 179 77 278 38 October 1 1 20 0 3 5 0 Total 1270 1778 3263 4847 2815 2382 3373 amount

2.3 The trapping and killing effects of solar insecticidal lamps with different

wavelengths on Lepidoptera adults

The solar insecticidal lamps with different wavelengths had significant differences

in the trapping and killing effects on Lepidoptera insects (Table 6 and Figure 1).

According to the quantity of Lepidoptera insects trapped and killed, that of lamp No.1

was the most, followed by lamp No.3, No.5, No.4 and No.6 with not obvious difference;

and that of lamp No.2 and No.7 was the least. In the respect of trapping and killing

effects in different months, the number of insects trapped and killed by lamp No.1 in

May to July and that ofNo.3 in September was the most, respectively. Therefore, lamp

No.1 with wavelength of 405nm and lamp No.3 with composite wavelength could be

used as the main lamps for controlling Lepidoptera insects.

Table 6 the Trapping and Killing Effects on Lepidoptera Insects of Solar

Insecticidal Lamps with Different Wavelengths

lamp lamp No. lamp No. lamp No. lamp Month lamp lamp No.1 No.2 No.3 4 5 6 No. 7 April 94 23 62 150 167 146 39 May 440 62 36 260 114 201 14 June 284 35 33 74 98 94 7 July 364 37 28 42 50 122 21 August 120 54 135 211 277 107 19 September 96 170 519 164 141 119 41

October 36 42 241 50 126 111 38 November 12 22 43 15 50 46 21 Total 1446 445 1097 966 1023 946 200 amount

3. Study on the main species of underground insects on airport lawn and its

chemical control technology

3.1 Species of underground insects and occurrence dynamics of scarabs

Five-point sampling method was used to study the dynamics ofunderground insect

population on the airport lawn. The results showed that the scarab larvae were the main

underground pests at airports fromApril to July and other insects were small in number

(Table 7).

The scarab larvae began to occur in early and middle of April, and late April was

the peak period. In late April, some of larvae began to pupate and middle May was the

peak period. After late May there were very little larvae (Table 7, Figure 2).

Table 7 Species and Number Change of Underground Insects at Airports (No. of

insects per m2 )

Date 4/13 4/27 5/11 5/18 5/25 5/31 6/8 6/15 6/22 6/29 Ground 0 0 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 1 0 0.2 0 beetle Scarab 7 40.8 3 0 0 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 larvae Scarab pupa 0.2 17.4 39 1.2 0.2 0.8 0.4 0 0 0.4 Wireworm 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0 0.4 0.6 0 0 0.2 Mole 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0 2 0.2 crickets Earwigs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.4

3.2 The control effects of different insecticides on underground insects on the lawn

After investigation, the underground insects (mainly scarab larvae) on the airport

lawn occurred in large number and caused serious hazard. In order to reduce the number

of underground insects, a study on chemical control of underground insects on the

airport lawn was conducted in late April 2016. The experiment set up 5 pesticide

treatments and a water control with each treatment and the control repeated 3 times, a total of 18 plots with 70m2 for each plot and test area of 1,260m 2. The application methods were soil-mixing (15kg/mu of soil) or water spraying (50kg/mu of water)

(Table 8).

Table 8 Experimental Design for Chemical Control of Underground Insects in

the Airport Lawn

Dosage of Active Dosage per Method of Treatment Formulation Ingredient(g/ha) Mu (g/mu) Application 25% thiamethoxam A granules 540 144 Soil mixing

B 10% diazinon granules 1575 1050 Soil mixing C 5% chlorpyrifos granules 1875 2500 Soil mixing 20 billion cfu/g D Beauveria bassiana 5,625gof 375 Water Spray formulation powder E 3% phoxim granules 2775 6167 Soil mixing CK Clear water -

The sampling survey was carried out by means of the 5-point method. Each plot

was sampled at 5 points, each point was excavated by sizeI1m x m and at a depth of

0.3-0.5m. Population of insects was investigated before the application and the number

of the remaining insects was investigated 7 days later. The decline rate of population

and the control effect were calculated according to the following formula: decline rate of insect's population insect's popultion before treatment - insect's population after treatment insect's population before treatment

control effect

population in control fields = decline rate of insect's population in treatment fields- decline rate of insect's 100- decline rate of insect's population in control fields x 100%

The different insecticides had significantly different control effects on the

underground insects 7 days later after the application (Table 9). The control effects of

3% phoxim granules and 5% chlorpyrifos granules were 90.71% and 90.00%,

respectively. There was no significant difference between them, but both were significantly higher than other treatments and controlled the density of underground insects under 4 insects/m 2. The control effect of 25% thiamethoxam granules took second place and was 87.23%. 10% of diazinon granules and 20 billion cfu/g Beauveria

Bassiana powder had lower control effects and were 72.47% and 68.83% respectively.

Therefore, 3% phoxim granules and 5% chlorpyrifos granules could be used to control

underground insects on the airport lawn, which could greatly decrease the number of

underground insect population.

Table 9 the Control Effects of Different Insecticides on Underground Insects on

the Airport Lawn Number of 7d after treatment Alive Insects Number of Before Decline Rate of Control Treatment Agent Alive Insects Treatment Insect's Effect (No. of (No.of Population

( insects/m 2) insects/r 2 )

25% thiamethoxam granules 27.4 5.12 81.38 87.23bA 10% diazinon granules 28.25 11.34 59.86 72.47cB 5% chlorpyrifos granules 26.75 3.9 86.42 90.OOaA 20 billion cfu/g beauveria 24.95 11.34 54.55 68.83dC bassiana powder 3% phoxim granules 28.8 3.9 85.45 90.71aA control 28.8 42 -45.83

Note: lowercase letters mean a=0.05 significant level, capital letters mean a=0.01

significant level

3.3 Summary

(1) The test identified that scarab larva were the main underground insects on the

airport lawn. In the test, two kinds of highly effective insecticides were screened out.

They were 3% phoxim granules with effective ingredient dosage of 2,775g/ha

(formulation dosage of 6,176g/ha) and 5% chlorpyrifos granules with effective

ingredient dosage of 1,875g/ha (formulation dosage of 2,500g/ha), both of which

were applied by soil-mixing with 15kg per mu of soil.

(2) It is the best period when insects were active in the shallow layer of soil to control these underground insects on the airport lawn. On the airport lawn, the underground insects (grubs) began to move to the upper part of the soil in early April and at a distance of 10-30cm away from the soil surface. This is the best time for controlling. The insecticides were applied first in early April and then 7-10 days later for the second time. The mentioned-above chemicals could be used to control scarab pupa in early May.

4. Study on the control technology of four different insecticides on ground insects

on the lawn

4.1 The control effects of different insecticides on ground insects on the lawn

The experiment set up 5 pesticide treatments and a water control with each

treatment and the control repeated 3 times, a total of 18 plots with 100m2 for each plot

and test area of 1,800m 2 . The application methods were water spraying (50kg/mu of

water) or soil-mixing (15kg/mu of soil) (Table 10).

Table 10 Experimental Design for Chemical Control of Ground Insects on the

Airport Lawn

Active Ingredient DosMethod of Treatment Formulation per muIngedent Doa Dosage Application (g/ha) (g/mu)

A 41.6% chlorpyrifos EC 468 75 Water Spray

B 4.5% Beta cypermethrin EC 33.75 50 Water Spray

C 1.8% abamectin EC 10.8 40 Water Spray

D 40% phoxim EC 600 100 Water Spray

20 billion cfu/g metarhizium E .7500 500 Soil mixing anisopliae powder CK Clear water -

"Z" shape sampling method was used to sample 10 points in each plot. The

sampling points of lawn were covered with gauze cage in which the number of insects

was counted. Population of insects was investigated before the application and the

number of the remaining insects was investigated 1 day, 3 days and 7 days later. The decline rate of population and the control effect were calculated according to the following formula: decline rate of insect's population insect's popultion before treatment - insect's population after treatment insect's population before treatment 5 control effect decline rate of insect's population in treatment fields - decline rate of insect's population in control fields 100 - decline rate of insect's population in control fields x 100%

The different insecticides had significantly different control effects on the ground

10 insects on the lawn. One day after treatment, the control effect of 4.5% beta

cypermethrin EC was 91.3%, which was significantly higher than that of other

treatments, followed by 1.8% Avermectin EC and its control effect 85.7%. The control

effect of the other three insecticides was less than 50%. 3 days later, the control effect

of 4.5% beta cypermethrin EC was 88.7%, which was significantly higher than that of

15 other agents. The control effect of other insecticides was not good as 50%. 7 days later,

the control effect of 4 .5 % beta cypermethrin EC was as high as 9 5 .4 %, which was

significantly higher than that of other treatments, followed by 41.6% chlorpyrifos EC

which had control effect of 8 5 .4 %. The control effect of the other three insecticides was

relatively low but all were higher than 50%.

20 To sum up, 4.5% beta cypermethrin EC showed quite good quick-effect and

sustainability on ground insects of lawn. 41.6% chlorpyrifos EC showed fairly good

sustainability on ground insects of lawn. Both of the insecticides could be used in the

control of airport lawn insects.

Table 11 Control Effects of Different Insecticides on Ground Insects on Airport

25 Lawn Number Id 3d 7d ofAlive Number Correc Number Correct Number Correct Treatm Decline Decline Decline Insects ofAlive ted ofAlive ed ofAlive ed ent Rate of Rate of Rate of Before Insects Effect Insects Effect Insects Effect Insect's Insect's Insect's Treatment (No. of (%) (No. of (%)) (No. of Isc

(No. of insects/ Populati insects/m Populati insects/ Populati insects/m 2 M2 ) on(%) 2) on(%) M 2) on(%) ) A 21.3 10.2 52.1 34.2dD 5.1 76.1 35.9dD 1.4 93.4 85.4bB B 14.2 0.9 93.7 91.3aA 0.4 95.8 88.7aA 0.3 97.9 95.4aA C 23 2.4 89.6 85.7bB 5.2 77.4 39.4cC 3.3 85.7 68.4cC D 26.6 9.8 63.2 49.5cC 5.6 78.9 43.4bB 3.7 86.1 69.2cC E 29.4 14.9 49.3 30.4eE 9.3 71.7 24.leE 6.2 78.9 53.3dD Control 26.8 19.5 27.2 16 62.7 7.6 54.8

Note: A. 41.6% chlorpyrifos EC; B. 4.5% beta cypermethrin EC; C. 1.8%

avermectin EC; D. 40% phoxim EC; E. 20 billioncfu/g metarhizium anisopliae powder.

Lowercase letters meant a=0.05 significant level, capital letter meant a= 0.01

significant level.

5 The results showed that the control effect of 4.5% beta cypermethrin EC with

active ingredient dosage of 33.75g/ha (formulation dosage of50g/mu) was 91.3%, 88.7%

and 95.4% on the first day, the third day and the seventh day after treatment respectively,

showing quite good quick-effect and sustainability. The control effect of 41.6%

chlorpyrifos EC with active ingredient dosage of 468g/ha (formulation dosage of

10 75g/mu) was 85.4% on the seventh day, showing good sustainability. Both insecticides

could be used to control the ground insects on the airport lawn. The life cycle of most

ground insects (mainly Orthoptera insects) of the airport lawn can last for one year.

April-May is mainly nymph stage, June-July emergence, mid-August to mid-September

is the peak period of adult and oviposition. Therefore, chemicals control should be

15 carried out twice in April-May and August-September.

Based on the above results, the control techniques for the main insects at airports

are summarized as follows:

1. Mowing grass regularly

Mowing grass once every half month during the growing season of lawn,

20 maintaining the height of turf grass not exceeding 10 cm;

2. Mounting solar insecticidal lamps

Utilizing solar insecticidal lamps to kill the insects, with the lamps setting at 200m intervals on the lawn with wavelength of 375nm or 405nm or composite band, and the lamps working at night with photosensitive automatic switch;

3. Chemical control

To control underground pests on the lawn: applying the insecticides once in early

April, then 7-10 days later after the first application and then in first and middle of May,

with 15kg per mu of soil by soil mixing. The insecticides are:

(1) 3% phoxim granules with active ingredient of 2,275g/ha and formulation

dosage of 6,176g/mu;

(2) 5% chlorpyrifos granules with active ingredient of 1,875g/ha and formulation

dosage of 2,500g/mu;

Either of them or both can be applied alternatively;

To control insects on the ground of lawn: applying the insecticides once in April

May and August-September respectively, with 50kg per mu of water by spraying with

water. The insecticides and their dosages are:

(1) 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC with active ingredient of 33.75g/ha and

formulation dosage of 50g/mu;

(2) 41.6% chlorpyrifos EC with active ingredient of 468g/ha and formulation

dosage of 75g/mu;

Either of them or both can be applied alternatively.

The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be

pointed out that for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be

made without departing from the scope of the present invention, and such changes and

modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the present

invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for controlling insects at airports to ensure the safety of aeroengine

test, characterized in that it comprises:

(1) Mowing grass regularly

Mowing grass once every half month during the growing season of lawn,

maintaining the height of grass not exceeding 10 cm;

(2) Mounting solar insecticidal lamps

Utilizing solar insecticidal lamps to kill the insects, with the lamps setting at 200m

intervals on the lawn with wavelength of 375nm or 405nm or composite band, and the

lamps working at night with photosensitive automatic switch;

(3) Chemical control

To control underground pests on the lawn: applying the insecticides once in early

April, then 7-10 days later after the first application and then in first and middle of May,

with 15kg per mu of soil by soil mixing. The insecticides are:

a. 3% phoxim granules with active ingredient of 2,275g/ha and formulation dosage

of 6,176g/mu;

b. 5% chlorpyrifos granules with active ingredient of 1,875g/ha and formulation

dosage of 2,500g/mu;

Either of them or both can be applied alternatively;

To control insects on the ground of lawn: applying the insecticides once in April

May and August-September respectively, with 50kg per mu of water by spraying with

water. The insecticides and their dosages are:

c. 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC with active ingredient of 33.75g/ha and formulation

dosage of 50g/mu;

d. 41.6% chlorpyrifos EC with active ingredient of 468g/ha and formulation

dosage of 75g/mu;

Either of them or both can be applied alternatively.