AU2020102128A4 - A multi-microgrid system - Google Patents

A multi-microgrid system Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2020102128A4
AU2020102128A4 AU2020102128A AU2020102128A AU2020102128A4 AU 2020102128 A4 AU2020102128 A4 AU 2020102128A4 AU 2020102128 A AU2020102128 A AU 2020102128A AU 2020102128 A AU2020102128 A AU 2020102128A AU 2020102128 A4 AU2020102128 A4 AU 2020102128A4
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Australia
Prior art keywords
microgrid
power
grid
cms
cluster
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AU2020102128A
Inventor
Makarand Sudhakar Ballal
Rohit Rajkumar Deshmukh
Hiralal Murlidhar Suryawanshi
Shivpal Ramtirath Verma
Sarvesh Ashokrao Wakode
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Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar Mr
Verma Shivpal Ramtirath Mr
Wakode Sarvesh Ashokrao Mr
Original Assignee
Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar Mr
Verma Shivpal Ramtirath Mr
Wakode Sarvesh Ashokrao Mr
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Priority to AU2020102128A priority Critical patent/AU2020102128A4/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/133—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H02J13/00017—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fiber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/004—Generation forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future energy generation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/18—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution using switches, relays or circuit breakers, e.g. intelligent electronic devices [IED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-microgrid system. The object is to provide a multi microgrid system for effective operation of microgrid cluster under off-grid and in on-grid connected mode. An effective power management is based on actual available power in individual source and thereby formation power pool based on power available (i) in every microgrid and (ii) nature of particular source and ESS. It is coordinated operation of cluster management scheme (CMS) with microgrid management scheme (MMS) of every microgrid. The CMS determine the excess and deficiency of power in predefined power pool. Power network availability of individual microgrid and of cluster is estimated for power exchange among microgrid cluster and with conventional grid for effective power management. Information regarding status of power pools and network topology is shared among MMS and CMS via communication links. The status is updated all the time and it is communicated to stake holders. Following invention is described in detail with the help of Figure 1 of sheet 1 showing multi-microgrid system. 1/4 P1Pr - lB 'pq to La C 103 PD. 107 1106 +-- 1091 - 112 110 - 113 Figure 2

Description

1/4
P1Pr
- lB 'pq
to
La C
103 PD.
1106 107 +-- 1091 - 112
110 - 113
Figure 2
A MULTI-MICROGRID SYSTEM
Technical field of invention:
[001] Present invention in general relates to the field of electrical engineering and more specifically to a multi-microgrid system for effective operation of microgrid cluster in off grid as well as in on-grid mode.
Background of the invention:
[002] A microgrid is a grouping of distributed energy resources (distributed generation and energy storage) and loads within a local area. The loads can be one utility "customer," a grouping of several sites, or dispersed sites that operate in a coordinated fashion. The distributed electric generators can include reciprocating engine generators, micro turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaic/solar and other small-scale renewable sources. All controllable distributed energy resources and loads are interconnected in a manner that enables devices to perform certain microgrid control functions. For example, the energy balance of the system must be maintained by dispatch and non-critical loads might be curtailed or shed during times of energy shortfall or high operating costs. While capable of operating independently of the microgrid (in island mode), the microgrid usually functions interconnected (in grid-connected '0 mode) with a sub-station or grid (i.e. microgrid), purchasing energy from the microgrid and potentially selling back energy and ancillary services at different times. Microgrids are typically designed based on the total system energy requirements of the microgrid. Heterogeneous levels of power quality and reliability are typically provisioned to end-uses. A microgrid is typically presented to a microgrid as a single controllable entity.
[003] Most microgrid control systems adopt either a centralized or distributed mechanism. Distributed microgrid control systems are mostly used in remote area islanded and weakly grid connected microgrids, in which system stability is a major concern and the control objective is mainly to maintain the microgrid dynamic stability. Centralized microgrid control systems perform the coordinated management of the microgrid in a central controller, which monitors overall system operating conditions, makes optimal control decisions in terms of minimizing operation cost, reduces fossil fuel consumption, provides services for utility grid, etc. and then communicates power set points to distributed energy resources and control commands to controllable loads within the microgrid.
[004] Many attempts are made to provide improved microgrid systems and some of the available systems found are such as- US8649914B2 discloses method for routing power across multiple microgrids having DC and AC buses, US20150039145A1 discloses microgrid energy management system and method for controlling operation of a microgrid, CN103001225A discloses MAS-based (multi-agent system) multi-microgrid energy management system simulation method, CN103795079A discloses off-grid and grid connected hybrid photovoltaic power generation control system and economical operation optimization method thereof, US20150134130A1 discloses microgrid control system, WO 2016176628 Al discloses microgrid with a load meter, a renewable-source power generation device, and a generator bank, WO 2015180529 Al discloses a microgrid adaptive overcurrent protection method, US 20170160711 Al defined an integrated microgrid management system with hard ware operating as a node on an electrical power network.
[005] The control methods reported in different existing systems are limited to single micro grid. Effective power management and tariff structure under stochastic nature of distributed sources are not addressed. The status for availability of power network in microgrid and '0 among different microgrids was not reported. Also feature selection facility (user friendly) and adaptively for protection and market were not defined in the existing systems.
[006] Therefore, to overcome the above drawbacks of the existing system and methods there is need to develop and design an improved and efficient system for multi-microgrid. Hence, the present invention provides a multi-microgrid system used for effective operation of micro grid cluster in off-grid as well as in on-grid connected mode.
Objective of the invention
[007] An objective of the present invention is to attempt to overcome the problems of the prior art and provide an improved a multi-microgrid system.
[008] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a multi-microgrid system used for effective operation of micro grid cluster in off-grid as well as in on-grid connected mode.
[009] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a system for the better operation of multi-microgrid cluster with the help of real time monitoring system in on-grid and off-grid mode.
[0010] These and other objects and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the further disclosure to be made in the detailed description given below.
Summary of the invention:
[0011] Accordingly following invention provides a multi-microgrid system. The proposed invention provides a multi-micro grid system using for effective operation of micro grid cluster in off-grid as well as in on-grid connected mode. The cluster management scheme (CMS) is used for effective operation of micro-grids cluster and effective operation of individual microgrid is controlled by micro-grid management scheme (MMS). CMS is applied on the system that may have the 'n' number of micro-grid. Each microgrid could be '0 connected to other micro-grid or with conventional grid through the interconnecting lines. Every microgrid having the different sources, ESSs and loads (critical or/and non-critical). Also it may have single bus or multi-bus structure. In Fig. 1, DC loads are connected through the control switches (Ldl, Ld2, ... )and AC loads are connected through the control switches
(Lai, La2,....). Sources and ESSs are interfaced through the controlled converters. For the hybrid system the DC bus (VBDC) and AC bus (VBlAC) are connected through the ithconverter C. A microgrid is connected to other microgrids or with conventional grid for power exchange. Microgrid is connected to other microgrid or with conventional grid though the converters that depends on the nature of microgrid and the voltage level. The interfacing converter is used not only to interface two microgrids but also for protection instead of protection devices.
Brief description of drawing:
[0012] This invention is described by way of example with reference to the following drawing where,
[0013] Figure 1 of sheet 1 shows multi-microgrid system. Where, 100 denotes microgrid MG1, 101 denotes microgrid MG3, 102 denotes micro grid MGn, 103 denotes microgrid MG2, 104 denotes MMS, 105 denotes load, 106 denotes CMS, 107 denotes display, 108 denotes distribution grid, 109 denotes control signals and information for protection and metering, 110 denotes control signals and information for convertor, 111 denotes feedback signals, '0 112 denotes control signals to convertor, 113 denotes control signals to switches.
[0014] Figure 2 of sheet Ishows power circuit for cluster of microgrids. Where, 100 denotes microgrid MG1, 101 denotes microgrid MG3, 102 denotes microgrid MGn, 103 denotes microgrid MG2, 106 denotes CMS, 107 denotes display, 108 denotes distribution grid, 109 denotes control signals and information for protection and metering, 110 denotes control signals and information for convertor, 111 denotes feedback signals,
112 denotes control signals to convertor, 113 denotes control signals to switches.
[0015] Figure 3 of sheet 2 shows communication links for microgrid cluster. Where, 100 denotes micro grid MG1, 101 denotes micro grid MG3, 102 denotes micro grid MGn, 103 denotes micro grid MG2, 106 denotes CMS, 107 denotes display, 108 denotes distribution grid, 109 denotes control signals and information for protection and metering, 110 denotes control signals and information for convertor, 111 denotes feedback signals, 112 denotes control signals to convertor, 113 denotes control signals to switches.
[0016] Figure 4 of sheet 2 shows protection circuit of microgrid cluster. '0 Where, 100 denotes microgrid MG1, 101 denotes microgrid MG3, 102 denotes microgrid MGn, 103 denotes microgrid MG2, 106 denotes CMS, 107 denotes display, 108 denotes distribution grid, 109 denotes control signals and information for protection and metering, 110 denotes control signals and information for convertor, 111 denotes feedback signals, 112 denotes control signals to convertor, 113 denotes control signals to switches, 114 denotes IED, 115 denotes communication.
[0017] Figure 5 of sheet 3shows central EMS screen for multi-microgrid system.
[0018] Figure 6 of sheet 4 shows microgrid information screen for MMS of single microgrid MG1.
[0019] Figure 7 of sheet 5 shows CMS indication screen for microgrid cluster.
[0020] In order that the manner in which the above-cited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be referred, which are illustrated in the appended drawing. Understanding that these drawing depict only typical embodiment of the invention and therefore not to be considered limiting on its scope, the invention will be described with additional specificity and details through the use of the accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention:
[0021] The present invention relates to a multi microgrid system. The proposed invention provides a system for the better operation of multi-microgrid cluster with the help of real time '0 monitoring system in on-grid and off-grid mode. The cluster management scheme (CMS) is used for effective operation of microgrids cluster and effective operation of individual micro grid is controlled by microgrid management scheme (MMS).
[0022] In the proposed system, the methodology is coordinated operation of cluster management scheme (CMS) with microgrid management scheme (MMS) of every micro grid. The operating steps involves firstly enter data for individual MMS, herein enter number of distributed sources, nature of distributed sources, loads (critical and non-critical), energy storage system (ESS), number of buses, their connectivity and lines data in to every MMS of respective microgrid. Enter the power rating of each source, load demand, voltage level, operating limits of ESS, etc. Enter plug settings of every protection relay used in microgrid.
[0023] Further enter data for cluster in CMS, define voltage level of each microgrid and its operating nature. Enter system network structure status, communication links, line connectivity data, connection of interfacing converters among microgrids, and grid interfacing converter between microgrid and conventional grid. Define every microgrid connection with other microgrids, their respective power contracts, and plug setting of every protection relay connecting one microgrid to another, etc.
[0024] In another step, the MMS gives the power references to every source so that the local load demand gets fulfilled. The priority is given to source for supplying local load demand. It decides the operation for ESS (as a source or load). The MMS enables all the sensors in a micro-grid.
[0025] In another step, MMS of each microgrid reads the available power in every source based on sensor attached with it, bus voltages, currents, loads status, communication, and active line (network structure in multibus microgrid) within microgrid. This information is communicated to CMS.
[0026] For MMS of every microgrid, if number of buses =1, then The local controller regulates the bus voltage. If available power in sources is more than local load demand then priority given is to charge the ESS. If ESS is fully charged, then the excess power could be supplied to other microgrid or to submit it to conventional grid based on '0 decision taken by CMS.
[0027] If available power in sources in less than local load demand in a microgrid then ESS supply additional load demand subject to its operating limits. If ESS is not capable to supply additional load then microgrid takes power from other microgrid or from conventional grid as directed by CMS. If additional power is not available either from neighbor microgrid or conventional grid, then the local controller curtails the noncritical load in system.
[0028] If number of buses > 1, then The MMS of individual microgrid regulates the load buses voltage. It checks the local power network availability for power transmission as the power transmission in a multibus microgrid is based on availability of network connectivity. If available power in sources is more than local load demands then local controller charges the ESS. If ESS is fully charged, then the excess power could be supplied to another micro-grid or to supply it to conventional grid based on decision of CMS.
[0029] If available power in sources is less than local load demand in a microgrid, then ESS supply additional load demand subject to its operating limits. If ESS is not capable to supply additional load then microgrid takes power from other microgrid or from conventional grid directed by CMS. If additional power is not available either from other microgrid or from conventional grid then the MMS curtails the noncritical load in system.
[0030] Yet in another step, the CMS reads the bus voltages of each microgrid, availability of network connectivity, communication network availability, and conventional grid voltage.
[0031] Further the CMS forms two power pools based on (a) nature of source and (b) microgrid. The source power pool is combination of available power in same nature of source such as solar PV, micro-hydro, wind, ESSs, etc. in cluster. It is divided into distributed source pool and ESSs pool. Whereas, the micro-grid power pool is combination of available power in different sources and ESSs in a micro-grid. It identifies the excess and deficient power pool in the system. Based on communicated information from every micro-grid and their load demands the central controller enables the respective interfacing converter to exchange power.
'0 [0032] The cost for power units pertaining to each power pool is decided based on available power in pools in these respective pools. The power exchange and cost of units are communicated to each microgrid and conventional grid.
[0033] The CMS monitors the voltages of every microgrid. If voltage regulation is under defined threshold limits then based on excess power in pool and contract between microgrids, it enables the interfacing converter for power exchange with other grid or conventional grid.
[0034] If voltage regulation of any microgrid is above threshold limit and excess power is available with other micro-grids then, system CMS supply this excess power from other microgrids or from conventional grid to deficient microgrid to improve voltage regulation. If MMS of deficient microgrid is not responding to this control action or excess power is not available then CMS cut this microgrid from cluster and enables its standalone operation.
[0035] The CMS updates the protection relay settings of connected network among micro grids based on available power in sources and available power network connectivity. The secondary power exchange is decided based on contract between micro-grids and cost factor associated with each power pool.
[0036] Based on different power scenarios the CMS injects the power in conventional grid to provide services such as active power support, reactive power compensation, power factor correction, etc. All the information from micro-grids, power network connectivity, electricity market, protection settings is displayed on central screen for monitoring. The information is available and updated all the time.
[0037] In the preferred embodiment, by referring Fig. 1 illustrates a simplified single line diagram of microgrids cluster. Cluster consists of multiple microgrids may connected to each other's and/or with conventional grid. All these microgrids are communicated to each other through the centralized control called as CMS. An individual microgrid consists of different distributed sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, biogas, micro-hydro, etc. It also consists of energy storage system (ESS) and controllable loads (critical and non-critical loads). Respective MMS will collect the information from that microgrid for the effective power management in it and CMS collects the information from all the microgrids for power '0 management in that cluster and another, adaptive protection relay settings and services.
[0038] Power circuit in the micro-grid cluster as shown in Fig. 2 requires the physical connectivity of different sources, ESSs, and loads for the fulfillments of microgrid condition and also the connection with other microgrids or/and conventional grid to fulfillments of the power management.
[0039] Further in the embodiment, communication links in the cluster contains the communication network for the micro-grids cluster. The bidirectional arrows show the bidirectional information flow via communication links. Communication links are used for the different purposes such as feedback signal link, control signal to converter link, control signal to load switches, control signal to protection relay, measurement voltage, current, energy, etc. and communication among the micro-grid and the centralized unit.
[0040] Figure 4 illustrates the protection circuit for the micro-grid cluster. Protective device mainly comprises of IED (Intelligence electronic device) as relay with communication, CB (Circuit Breaker) and sensors - depending on the type of protection such as over current protection, under or over voltage protection, etc.
[0041] The CMS home screen for four micro-grids is shown in Fig. 5. In this screen monitoring parameters for the CMS are shows operating status of micro-grids whether 'ON' or 'OFF' (ON- in operation and OFF- not in operation), connectivity matrix for the cluster, power pool availability for the all sources and ESS in the cluster, excess and deficient power in micro-grid ('+' indicates excess power and '-' indicates deficiency in power), power exchange i.e. import and export quantity with conventional grid, protection relay setting and circuit breaker status, energy cost of pool according to availability of power in that pool, voltage regulation of each micro-grid.
[0042] Further micro-grid monitoring screen shown in figure 6, in this screen monitoring of parameters for the micro grid are bus connectivity matrix, power pool availability of the sources and ESSs in micro-grid, micro-grid online information regarding number of sources, ESSs and loads connected in it, live status of circuit breaker in a microgrid and plug setting of protection relay, cost of unit pertaining to individual power pools voltage regulation at each '0 bus.
[0043] Yet further in the proposed system, the CMS indication screen has all the live status indications of parameters are microgrid status whether the microgrid is connected or not and relay and circuit breaker (CB) status whether the protection relay and CBs are operated or not.
[0044] Thus proposed multi micro-grid system is able to monitor the total system generation, each power pool, total generation of microgrid, availability of individual microgrid, and in cluster power network of the micro-grid and load availability. Based on available power in sources, the CMS defines the excess and deficiency power pool for effective power management in individual micro-grid and in cluster of microgrids. The CMS system is able to exchange the power among the micro-grids and/or with grid on priority basis. The CMS is adaptive to update the protection relay setting depending on the availability of sources and the lines. Effective power tariff structure is also defined by CMS system.
[00451 CMS is apply on the system that may having the 'n' number of microgrid such as MG1, MG2....., MGn. Each micro-grid could be connected to other microgrids and/or with conventional grid through the interconnecting lines. Every micro-grid having the different sources, ESSs and loads (critical or/and non-critical). Also it may have single bus or multi bus structure. Micro-grid could be AC micro-grid, DC micro-grid or hybrid type. In Fig.1, DC loads are connected through the control switches (Ld, Ld2, ,....) and AC loads are connected through the control switches (Lai, La2,....). Sources and ESSs are interfaced through the controlled converters. For the hybrid system the DC bus (VBDc) and AC bus
(VB1AC) are connected through the ith converter Ci. A microgrid is connected to other microgrids or with conventional grid for power exchange. Microgrid is connected to other microgrid or with conventional grid though the converters that depends on the nature of microgrid and the voltage level. The interfacing converter is used not only to interface two micro-grids but also for protection instead of protection devices. For same nature of micro grid with same voltage level the interfacing converter is not used.
[0046] Power flow from one micro-grid to another microgrid is depends on availability of excess power in the micro-grid and power demand from another micro-grid. This power is transmitted through the power transmission line such as L 12 which connect the MGlto MG2, L2 3 which connect MG2 to MG3, and so on as shown in Fig.2. Similarly inter micro-grid power circuit is define for fulfillment of loads and the charging of ESSs. Design capacity of the power lines are depending on the maximum sources power.
[0047] Yet in another aspect, accurate protection scheme is the one of the main requirements of the any system. Protection circuit has the intelligence electronic device (IED) and circuit breaker. When the fault occurs, the relay will sense the faulty condition and initiates the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty section. But in the micro-grid, sources are stochastic in nature hence; the availability of the input power is variable. Therefore, the protection relay setting for every relay in system is updated based on source and power network connectivity. This is called as the adaptive protection scheme that avoids the condition like blinding of fault, false tripping, etc. For the adaptive protection, the communication is required to switch the relay setting. For micro-grid cluster, the protective devices (PDs) are connected for the protection as shown in Fig. 3. For the protection of line L 12 , PD 12 and PD 2 1 are installed hence similarly for the other line's PDs are installed.
[0048] Communication links are used to share the information. The shared information is transferred to CMS and MMS using the communication protocol. In each microgrid data from all the sensors located at sources, ESSs, converters, switches and PD is collected and transfer to MMS and CMS for the processing. Data of cluster and conventional grid is transfer to the CMS as shown in Fig.4.
[0049] Communication links are used for various purposes such as (i) feedback signal where in the measured data from the sensors to processing unit i.e. CMS and MMS to process and thereafter take the decision; (ii) the control signal to the converter after processing at CMS and MMS units; (iii) the control signal to switches for controlling load demand in individual microgrid; (iv) protection and measurement unit where in the information from same sensors used for PD could also be used for measurement purpose; (v) communication among each MMS and CMS unit i.e. for effective power management in individual micro-grid and in cluster.
[0050] Further the important factor is monitoring of the different parameters all the time which helps to show connectivity among microgrids and as well as with the conventional grid, pickup of protection relay settings, circuit breaker status, power pool availability of the '0 sources, voltage regulation, status of microgrid, etc. Fig. 5 shows the CMS screen for cluster parameters. It also consists of different historical data in cluster. The micro-grid MMS screen is shown in Fig. 6 and the Fig. 7 shows the indication screen.
[0051] The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.
Editorial Note 2020102128 There is only three pages of the claim

Claims (5)

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. A system for the better operation of multi-microgrid cluster with the help of real time monitoring system under on-grid and off-grid mode wherein the methodology is coordinated operation of cluster management scheme (CMS) with microgrid management scheme (MMS) of every microgrid and the operating steps comprises;
firstly enter data for individual MMS, herein enter number of distributed sources, nature of distributed sources, loads (critical and non-critical), energy storage system (ESS), number of buses, their connectivity and lines parameters in to every MMS of respective microgrid;
enter the power rating of each source, load demand, voltage level, operating limits of ESS, etc; enter plug settings of every protection relay used in micro-grid;
enter data for cluster in CMS, define voltage level of each microgrid and its operating nature. Enter system network structure status, communication links, line connectivity data, connection of interfacing converters among microgrids, and grid interfacing converter between microgrid and conventional grid; define every microgrid connection with other microgrids, their respective power contracts, and plug setting of every protection relay connecting one microgrid to another, etc.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein;
the MMS gives the power references to every source so that the local load demand gets fulfilled and enables all the sensors in a microgrid;
said MMS of each microgrid reads the available power in every source from sensor connected with it, this information is communicated to CMS; the MMS regulates the bus voltage, if available power in sources is more than local load demand then priority given is to charge the ESS; if ESS is fully charged, then the excess power could be supplied to other microgrid or to submit it to conventional grid based on decision taken by CMS; the CMS reads the bus voltages of each microgrid, availability of network connectivity, communication network availability, and conventional grid voltage.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein; said CMS forms two power pools based on nature of source and microgrid; it monitors the voltages of every microgrid, if voltage regulation is under defined threshold limits then based on excess power in pool and contract between microgrids, it enables the interfacing converter for power exchange with other grid or conventional grid.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cluster consists of multiple microgrids may connected to each other's and/or with conventional grid; all these microgrids are communicated to each other through the CMS;
and the data of all MMS, conventional grid and data from stakeholders (manual intervention) is communicated to CMS which takes decision regarding effective power management, economic power management, on-grid or off-grid operation, adopt effective network topology and selection of efficient protection scheme.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said further comprises of;
a power circuit in the microgrid cluster which require the physical connectivity of different sources, ESSs, and loads for the fulfillments of microgrid condition and also the connection with other microgrid or/and conventional grid to fulfillments of the power management.
a communication links in the cluster contains the communication network for the microgrids cluster;
protection circuit for the microgrid cluster comprises of IED (Intelligence electronic device) as relay with communication, CB (Circuit Breaker) and sensors;
and the data can be communicated to stakeholders and authorizes person as well as it can be stored in cloud or data storage system; and said data consist of (i) availability of power in predefined power pools, (ii) generation cost of power pertaining to each power pool, (iii) network topology, and (iv) coalition of every microgrid.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113485126A (en) * 2021-08-23 2021-10-08 安徽工业大学 Improved dynamic matrix control cubic control method for direct-current micro-grid cluster
CN113629713A (en) * 2021-08-23 2021-11-09 西安西电电力系统有限公司 PSCAD (power system computer aided design) -based hybrid micro-grid system, controller and method
CN114285034A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-05 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Day-ahead regulation and control optimization method and system considering power receiving and new energy fluctuation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113485126A (en) * 2021-08-23 2021-10-08 安徽工业大学 Improved dynamic matrix control cubic control method for direct-current micro-grid cluster
CN113629713A (en) * 2021-08-23 2021-11-09 西安西电电力系统有限公司 PSCAD (power system computer aided design) -based hybrid micro-grid system, controller and method
CN113629713B (en) * 2021-08-23 2023-07-14 西安西电电力系统有限公司 Hybrid micro-grid system, controller and method based on PSCAD
CN114285034A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-05 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Day-ahead regulation and control optimization method and system considering power receiving and new energy fluctuation

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