AU2020101399A4 - A Full Vanadium Flow Battery Management System Based on Embedded Chip - Google Patents
A Full Vanadium Flow Battery Management System Based on Embedded Chip Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
A total vanadium flow battery management system, including a main control unit, a signal
acquisition circuit, a power conversion circuit, an inverter, a relay control module, a display
module, a fiber optic communication module, and a fault alarm module, The core controller of the
main control unit is an embedded chip model STM32, The signal acquisition circuit, the display
module, the optical fiber communication module, and the fault alarm module are electrically
connected to the main control unit; The signal acquisition circuit is configured to acquire a voltage
signal, a current signal and a temperature signal of the all-vanadium liquid battery and send the
signal to the main control unit; The power conversion circuit is configured to convert a system
power source into a low voltage direct current to supply power to the system, and the inverter is
configured to invert the system power source to supply power to a circulation pump in a
vanadium battery. An input terminal of the relay control module is connected to an output
terminal of the main control unit, and the output terminal is connected to a control terminal of
the circulation pump and the system power supply, respectively, and the main control unit is
connected to an upper computer through the optical fiber communication module.
1/7
Buttons LED Indicatio
v Fault Alarm Optical fiber EMS
Hall voltage sensor communication
communication
(terminal voltage) ARM 232 Display module interface
Main
Hall current sensor- + boardA
(for detection and
protection) R yBackup Battery Vanadium Battery
5V Module BSwitching
Power
Conversion Module2 Circulating
24V 2 24V
Power conversion Module 1
t1 220V 4V48V
Backup batteryvanadium battery
Fig. 1
Description
1/7
LED Indicatio Buttons v Fault Alarm Optical fiber EMS Hall voltage sensor communication communication (terminal voltage) ARM 232 Display module interface Main Hall current sensor- + boardA (for detection and protection) R yBackup Battery Vanadium Battery
5V Module BSwitching Power Conversion Module2 Circulating
24V 2 24V Power conversion Module 1
t1 4V48V 220V Backup batteryvanadium battery
Fig. 1
PATENTS ACT 1990
A Full Vanadium Flow Battery Management System Based on Embedded Chip
The invention is described in the following statement:-
A Full Vanadium Flow Battery Management System Based on Embedded Chip
[0001] The invention belongs to the field of battery technology, in particular to an all vanadium flow battery management system based on an embedded chip.
[0002] All vanadium flow battery (VFB) is one of the new flow batteries in green industry. Vanadium battery has the characteristic of large capacity, independent design of power and capacity, long cycle life, environmental protection and high safety, it has broad prospects for use in photovoltaic power generation, backup power supply, smart grid, military power storage and other fields. Battery Management System (BMS) is a link between the battery and the user, which can improve the utilization rate of the battery, prevent overcharge and overdischarge of the battery, and prolong the life of the battery.
[0003] Most of the research and development of BMS in domestic and foreign related industries are focused on battery of electric vehicle. Because of the late extension, the narrow extension range, the expensive control equipment and the lack of adjustment environment, the BMS of all vanadium flow battery is later developed. With the promotion of vanadium battery, more and more research organizations and companies have begun to pay attention to the development of vanadium battery management system. Most research institutions, like Wuhan Nanrui Co., Ltd., use Siemens S7-200 PLC to monitor and collect real-time data of vanadium flow battery. However, that PLC port is limit, the expansion cost is high, and it is difficult to increase the intelligent interface.
[0004] Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
[0001] It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
[0005] The present invention addresses the disadvantages of the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved is to provide an all vanadium flow battery management system based on an embedded chip to improve the utilization rate of the battery, and to prevent overcharge and overdischarge of the battery, To ensure reliable electric operation of all vanadium flow.
[0006] In order to solve that above technical problems, the technical scheme adopt by the invention is: A total vanadium flow battery management system, Including a main control unit, a signal acquisition circuit, a power conversion circuit, an inverter, a relay control module, a display module, a fiber optic communication module, and a fault alarm module, The core controller of the main control unit is an embedded chip model STM32, The signal acquisition circuit, the display module, the optical fiber communication module, and the fault alarm module are electrically connected to the main control unit; The signal acquisition circuit is configured to acquire a voltage signal, a current signal and a temperature signal of the all-vanadium liquid battery and send the signal to the main control unit; The power conversion circuit is configured to convert a system power source into a low voltage direct current to supply power to the system, and the inverter is configured to invert the system power source to supply power to a circulation pump in a vanadium battery. An input terminal of the relay control module is connected to an output terminal of the main control unit, and the output terminal is connected to a control terminal of the circulation pump and the system power supply, respectively, and the main control unit is connected to an upper computer through the optical fiber communication module.
[0007] The signal acquisition circuit includes a button, a Hall voltage sensor, a Hall current sensor, and a temperature sensor, and the Hall voltage sensor is used for directly monitoring a voltage across the vanadium battery, The current sensor is directly mounted on the power supply line of the battery for collecting the current signal of the vanadium battery, and the temperature sensor is placed on the side of the vanadium battery for measuring the temperature of the vanadium battery.
[0008] The temperature sensor model is DS18B20.
[0009] The power conversion circuit includes a first power conversion module and a second power conversion module, The first power conversion module is configured to convert the system power of 48 V DC voltage into 24 V DC voltage and supply power to the relay in the relay control module of the main control module. The second power conversion module is configured to convert a 24V DC voltage into a 5V DC voltage and supply power to the signal acquisition circuit.
[0010] The fully vanadium flow battery management system further comprises a protection circuit comprising a plurality of independently disposed optocoupler TLPs 250, The output terminals of the main control module are respectively connected to the input terminals of the relay control module through an optical coupling TLP 250.
[0011] The main control module is configured to send a control signal to the relay control module to control the start and stop of the circulation pump according to the acquisition signal of the signal acquisition circuit, It is also used to switch the system power supply from the backup battery to the vanadium battery after the system start-up is completed, as well as for fault detection, display, SOC estimation and calibration of the system.
[0012] The method of the main control module sending a control signal to the relay control module to control the start and stop of the circulation pump according to the acquisition signal of the signal acquisition circuit is to control the charging process of the vanadium battery to charge three pieces of constant voltage, The discharge process is a constant power discharge.
[0013] During charging, the step of the main control module controlling the start and stop of the circulation pump is as follows:
[0014] S101, it is determined whether the current I is greater than or equal to the fast/ slow sufficient limit current value IO, if yes, the process proceeds to step S102, if not, the process proceeds to step S103;
[0015] S102, determining that U is greater than or equal to the first threshold voltage Ul, if yes, proceeding to step S103, and if not, returning to step S101;
[0016] S103, determining whether U is greater than or equal to the second threshold voltage U2, if yes, proceeding to step S104, if not, returning to step S101;
[0017] S104, trickle charging, and detecting whether the voltage U is greater than or equal to the over-protection threshold voltage U, if yes, stopping the pump, if not, continuing with step S104;
[0018] When discharging, the step of the main control module controlling the start and stop of the circulation pump is as follows:
[0019] S201: Start discharging;
[0020] S202, it is determined whether the voltage U is greater than or equal to the discharge threshold voltage U3. if yes, the process proceeds to step S203, and if not, the pump is stopped.
[0021] S203, it is determined whether the current I is greater than or equal to the fast/ slow sufficient limit current value IO, if yes, the discharge is continued, and if not, the process returns to step S202.
[0022] The over-protection threshold voltage UO is 60V, the fast / slow sufficient limit current value I0 is 35A, the first threshold voltage Ul is 58 + 0.031, the second threshold voltage U2 is 59V + 0.031, and the discharge threshold voltage U3 is 42V.
[0023] The main control module is further configured to judge the state of the battery, and the judging method is as follows: Judge whether the current I > 0 is satisfied and the voltage is lower than the protection threshold voltage; if so, judge the state of charge; otherwise, Continue to judge whether the voltage U is greater than the protection threshold voltage; if it is greater than the protection threshold voltage, stop the pump; otherwise, judge the discharge state.
[0024] The present invention has the following advantageous effects compared to the prior art:
[0025] The present invention provides an all vanadium flow battery management system based on embedded chip, which realizes the acquisition of voltage, current, temperature and other signals as well as the monitoring and control of working state, and can store and remotely upload data. The system uses Hall sensor to collect voltage and current, and uses modified Kalman filter to realize SOC estimation, and the estimation error can be controlled within 3%. The MCGS configuration software is used to realize real-time data monitoring, fault diagnosis and display, and control the activation and mixing of vanadium electrolyte; the system adopts STM32 in the design process, which is low in cost, The expansion space is large; the utilization ratio of the battery can be improved, and overcharge and overdischarge of the battery can be prevented. In addition, in the hardware circuit and software design, filtering is adopted to ensure the accuracy of data acquisition, and double isolation by optical coupling and relay is adopted to ensure the reliability. Through laboratory test and on-line test, the system runs stably and can be put into batch development and production. In summary, that invention not only can realize real-time data monitor, fault diagnosis and protection on the battery side, but also can store and simultaneously access data from a remote computer and a mobile phone, and has simple port extension and low cost.
[0026] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vanadium flow battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of a full vanadium flow energy storage battery (VFB);
[0028] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a signal acquisition circuit and a main control unit;
[0029] FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power conversion circuit;
[0030] FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a protection circuit;
[0031] FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the relay control module;
[0032] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of start-stop control of the full vanadium flow battery circulation pump.
In the figure, 1 is a stack, 2 is a positive electrolyte, 3 is a negative electrolyte, 4 is a positive pump, and 5 is a negative pump.
[0033] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and non-limiting examples.
[0034] In order to make that object, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, obviously, The described embodiments are part of and not all of the embodiments of the present invention; based on the embodiments of the present invention, All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of the present invention.
[0035] As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a full vanadium flow battery management system, Including main control unit, signal acquisition circuit, power conversion circuit, spare lithium battery, inverter, relay control module, display module, optical fiber communication module and fault alarm module.
[0036] among them, The signal acquisition circuit, the display module, the optical fiber communication module, and the fault alarm module are electrically connected to the main control unit; The signal acquisition circuit is configured to acquire a voltage signal, a current signal and a temperature signal of the all-vanadium liquid battery and send the signal to the main control unit; The power conversion circuit is configured to convert a system power source into a low voltage direct current to supply power to the system, and the inverter is configured to invert the system power source to supply power to a circulation pump in a vanadium battery. An input terminal of the relay control module is connected to an output terminal of the main control unit, and the output terminal is connected to a control terminal of the circulation pump and the system power supply, respectively, and the main control unit is connected to an upper computer through the optical fiber communication module. The fault alarm module includes an indicator lamp and a buzzer, which prompt the fault through the color change of the indicator lamp and the buzzer sound, so as to facilitate the operator to correct the fault in time.
[0037] In this embodiment, the display module adopts the screen of Kunlun Tongtai, and the upper computer is developed based on the MCGS configuration software. The upper computer software can monitor the working state of the battery, relevant parameters collected, operation curve, fault point and parameter calibration in real time.
[0038] In particular, in that present embodiment, the signal acquisition circuit include a button, a Hall voltage sensor, a Hall current sensor, and a temperature sensor for directly monitoring the voltage across the vanadium battery, The current sensor is directly mounted on the power supply line of the battery for collecting the current signal of the vanadium battery, and the temperature sensor is placed on the side of the vanadium battery for measuring the temperature of the vanadium battery.
[0039] As shown in FIG. 2, it is a schematic diagram of a full vanadium flow energy storage battery (VFB). VFB is a different valence vanadium ion as a positive and negative electrode electroactive material, A novel redox energy storage flow cell in which the active material is dissolved in the supporting electrolyte and flows in a liquid state. The working principle diagram of VFB is shown in FIG. 1, and the whole energy storage cell is composed of electrolyte of two half cells, external circulating pump, stack and related pipelines. In that operation principle, the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank is pump into the stack through two alternating current circulation pump connected
externally, so as to circulate and flow in different closed circuits of the liquid storage tank and the half cell, Under the effect of the potential difference of the two redox pair, the electrolyte entering the half cell undergoes redox reaction on the electrode surface to complete the charge and discharge of the cell.
[0040] As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the core controller of the main control unit is an embedded chip of model STM32, and in this embodiment, it is designed to face a 5 kW 30 kWh full vanadium flow energy storage battery, and the power of the battery is 5 KW, The stack voltage is 48V and the capacity can reach 30KWh. In this embodiment, when terminal voltage acquisition is performed on the VFB, it is necessary to convert the voltage signal of the terminal voltage into a voltage signal of 0 to 3V, and then the system collects the voltage signal of 0 to 3V. During the operation current acquisition of VFB, the current is also converted into 0 ~ 3V voltage signal by Hall current sensor, and then the system collects 0 ~ 3V voltage signal. In this embodiment, DS18B20 is used to collect the temperature of the stack, and the collected temperature value is converted into a resistance value, and then the resistance value is converted into a voltage value input value system. STM32 has a 12-bit 18-channel ADC converter, so the acquired voltage, current and temperature signals are converted into the ADC built in STM32 for conversion.
[0041] In particular, in that present embodiment, the pow conversion circuit includes a first pow conversion module and a second power conversion module, The first power conversion module is configured to convert the system power of 48 V DC voltage into 24
V DC voltage and supply power to the relay in the relay control module of the main control module. The second power conversion module is configured to convert a 24V DC voltage into a 5V DC voltage and supply power to the signal acquisition circuit. FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power conversion circuit.
[0042] In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, an all-vanadium flow battery management system provided in this embodiment further includes a protection circuit, as shown in FIG. 5, which includes a plurality of independently disposed optical coupling TLPs 250, The output terminals of the main control module are respectively connected to the input terminals of the relay control module through an optical coupling TLP250, and the output terminals of the main control module are respectively connected to the display module through an optical coupling TLP250, In addition, that communication module is connecte with the display module, and then the communication module is connected with the upper compute. In order to ensure the stable and reliable operation of VFB, the anti interference, safety and reliability of VFB should be fully considered in the process of hardware circuit design. In that BMS system, the direct AC signal coexist with various switching signal. In order to reduce electromagnetic interference, in this embodiment, a two-stage protection design of an optical coupling and a relay is adopt. The main control chip STM32 is connected to the optical coupler tlp250 for direct AC isolation, and the output signal of the optical coupler tlp250 controls the relay HFD27-024-S in the relay control module for secondary interference signal isolation.
[0043] As shown in FIG. 6, in the embodiment of the present invention, the relay control module includes the start-stop control of the positive and negative pumps, the power supply control of the vanadium lithium battery, the manual automatic switching, the emergency braking and the power-on self-locking circuit, This module is controlled by 17 24V JRC-27F relays. In order to improve that safety, the automatic control circuit is completely separated from the manual control circuit, and the manual control is all control by the relay, especially at the vanadium-lithium input, The reliability of the system is greatly improved, and the positive and negative poles of the vanadium lithium battery are simultaneously controlled to avoid unnecessary electromagnetic interference,
The module has a relay and a corresponding interface which can be extended according to the control requirements.
[0044] In particular, in that embodiment of the invention, the main control module is use to send a control signal to the relay control module to control the start and stop of the circulation pump according to the acquisition signal of the signal acquisition circuit, It is also used to switch the system power supply from the backup battery to the vanadium battery after the system start-up is completed, as well as for fault detection, display, SOC estimation and calibration of the system.
[0045] Specifically, in the present embodiment, the main control module sends a control signal to the relay control module to control the start and stop of the circulation pump according to the acquisition signal of the signal acquisition circuit, as shown in FIG. 7, The control procedure mainly achieves the control of battery charge and discharge and the protection of overcharge and over-discharge through the start-stop operation of the AC circulation pump. The states of VFB operation mainly include charge, discharge and standby. At charge and discharge, the overcharge and overdischarge voltages are set to 60 V. In order to ensure that the energy in the electrolyte and the battery is uniform during charging and discharging of the battery, constant voltage charging and constant power discharging are adopted. Charge fast first, then slow charge, current less than 35A for slow charge, greater than 35A for fast charge.
[0046] As shown in FIG. 7, the main control module first determines the operating state of the battery, and determines whether the current I > 0 is satisfied and the voltage is lower than the protection threshold voltage U0, and if so, determines the charging state; otherwise, Continue to judge whether the voltage U is greater than the protection threshold voltage U0; if it is greater, the pump is stopped; otherwise, it is judged as the discharge state.
[0047] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, when charging, the control steps are as follows:
[0048] S101, it is determined whether the current I is greater than or equal to the fast/ slow sufficient limit current value IO, if yes, the process proceeds to step S102, if not, the process proceeds to step S103;
[0049] S102, determining that U is greater than or equal to the first threshold voltage U1, if yes, proceeding to step S103, and if not, returning to step S101;
[0050] S103, determining whether U is greater than or equal to the second threshold voltage U2, if yes, proceeding to step S104, if not, returning to step S101;
[0051] S104, trickle charging, and detecting whether the voltage U is greater than or equal to the over-protection threshold voltage U, if yes, stopping the pump, if not, continuing with step S104;
[0052] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the control steps are as follows:
[0053] S201: Start discharging;
[0054] S202, it is determined whether the voltage U is greater than or equal to the discharge threshold voltage U3. if yes, the process proceeds to step S203, and if not, the pump is stopped.
[0055] S203, it is determined whether the current I is greater than or equal to the fast/ slow sufficient limit current value IO, if yes, the discharge is continued, and if not, the process returns to step S202.
[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the over-protection threshold voltage UO is 60 V, the fast / slow sufficient limit current value I0 is 35A, the first threshold voltage Ul is 58 + 0.03 I, the second threshold voltage U2 is 59 V + 0.03I, The discharge threshold voltage U3 is 42 V.
[0057] SOC estimation is the basic function and one of the important functions of battery management system. The correct estimation of SOC can predict the remaining working time of the battery, prevent overcharge or overdischarge, and prolong the service life of the battery. In an embodiment of that present invention, the system use a modified Kalman filter to implement SOC estimation. The modified Kalman filter algorithm combines the advantages of open circuit voltage method, time-of-use integration method and Kalman filter algorithm. when the system is switched on, the open circuit voltage method is used to determine the initial value of SOC. After that, the time-to-time integration method and the Kalman filter method are used alternately, and the estimation result of time-to-time integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter method, so that the SOC can be estimated quickly and accurately on-line.
[0058] In order to verify the accuracy of data acquisition and the reliability of operation, simulation test and on-line test are carried out for the system. According to the control logic, the start and stop of the pump can be completed correctly. During the process of analog power supply and on-line operation of the power supply, the voltage, current, temperature and precision collected meet the requirements. Using the modified Kalman filter to estimate the residual charge, the accuracy can be up to 3%.
[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications can still be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, Or an equivalent replacement of some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not leave the nature of the corresponding technical solution out of the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0060] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms, in keeping with the broad principles and the spirit of the invention described herein.
[0061] The present invention and the described preferred embodiments specifically include at least one feature that is industrial applicable.
Claims (10)
1. A full vanadium flow battery management system comprising a main control unit, a signal acquisition circuit, a power conversion circuit, an inverter, a relay control module, a display module, a fiber optic communication module, and a fault alarm module;
wherein the core controller of the main control unit is an embedded chip model STM32, the signal acquisition circuit, the display module, the optical fiber communication module, and the fault alarm module are electrically connected to the main control unit; the signal acquisition circuit is configured to acquire a voltage signal, a current signal and a temperature signal of the all-vanadium liquid battery and send the signal to the main control unit; the power conversion circuit is configured to convert a system power source into a low voltage direct current to supply power to the system, and the inverter is configured to invert the system power source to supply power to a circulation pump in a vanadium battery; an input terminal of the relay control module is connected to an output terminal of the main control unit, and the output terminal is connected to a control terminal of the circulation pump and the system power supply, respectively, and the main control unit is connected to an upper computer through the optical fiber communication module.
2. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition circuit comprises a button, a Hall voltage sensor, a Hall current sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the Hall voltage sensor is used to directly monitor the voltage across the vanadium battery, and the current sensor is directly mounted on the power supply line of the battery, and is used to collect the current signal of the vanadium battery, and the temperature sensor is placed on the vanadium battery side, for temperature measurement in vanadium batteries.
3. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 1 wherein the temperature sensor is of the type DS8B20.
4. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the power conversion circuit includes a first power conversion module and a second power conversion module, the first power conversion module is configured to convert the system power of 48 V DC voltage into 24 V DC voltage and supply power to the relay in the relay control module of the main control module; the second power conversion module is configured to convert a 24V DC voltage into a 5V DC voltage and supply power to the signal acquisition circuit.
5. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 1, further comprising a protection circuit comprising a plurality of independently arranged optical coupling TLPs 250, the output terminals of the main control module are respectively connected to the input terminals of the relay control module through an optical coupling TLP 250.
6. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the main control module is used for collecting a signal according to a signal collecting circuit, sending a control signal to the relay control module to control the start and stop of the circulation pump, and further for switching the system power supply from the standby battery to the vanadium battery after the system start-up is completed, and for fault detection, display, SOC estimation and calibration of the system.
7. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the main control module acquires a signal according to a signal acquisition circuit, the method of sending the control signal to the relay control module to control the start and stop of the circulation pump is to control the charging process of the vanadium battery to three stages of constant voltage charging, and the discharging process to constant power discharging.
8. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 7, wherein, upon charging, the main control module controls the starting and stopping of the circulation pump in steps of:
S101, it is determined whether the current I is greater than or equal to the fast / slow sufficient limit current value IO, if yes, the process proceeds to step S102, if not, the process proceeds to step S103;
S102, determining that U is greater than or equal to the first threshold voltage U1, if yes, proceeding to step S103, and if not, returning to step S101;
S103, determining whether U is greater than or equal to the second threshold voltage U2, if yes, proceeding to step S104, if not, returning to step S101;
S104, trickle charging, and detecting whether the voltage U is greater than or equal to the over-protection threshold voltage U, if yes, stopping the pump, if not, continuing with step S104;
When discharging, the step of the main control module controlling the start and stop of the circulation pump is as follows:
S201: Start discharging;
S202, it is determined whether the voltage U is greater than or equal to the discharge threshold voltage U3. if yes, the process proceeds to step S203, and if not, the pump is stopped.
S203, it is determined whether the current I is greater than or equal to the fast / slow sufficient limit current value IO, if yes, the discharge is continued, and if not, the process returns to step S202.
9. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 8, wherein the over-protection threshold voltage UO is 60 V, the fast-slow sufficient limit current value I0 is A, The first threshold voltage Ul is 58 + 0.03 I, the second threshold voltage U2 is 59 V
+ 0.03 I, and the discharge threshold voltage U3 is 42 V.
10. The vanadium flow battery management system according to claim 8, wherein the main control module is further used to determine the state of the battery, in that judgment method, it is judged whether the current I > 0 is satisfy and the voltage is lower than the over protection threshold voltage; if so, it is judged as a state of charge; otherwise, it is continue to judge whether the voltage U is greater than the over-protection threshold voltage, and if so, the pump is stopped, otherwise, the discharge state is determined.
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