AU2020100926A4 - Method for diagnosing/warning perinatal fatty liver cows by using three serum biochemical indicators - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/92—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol, lipoproteins, or their receptors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/50—Determining the risk of developing a disease
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
OF THE DISCLOSURE
Disclosed is a combination of serum biochemical indicators that can be used
for diagnosis/prewarning of perinatal fatty liver cows. The serum biochemical
indicator combination consists of AST, GLU and TCHO. The serum biochemical
indicator combination of the present invention can accurately and reliably
diagnose the degree of fatty liver in cows and the incidence ratio in the herd, and
can provide a valuable reference for the breeding and production of dairy cows,
improve breeding efficiency and increase production and efficiency.
Description
[0001] Technical Field
[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of analytical
chemistry and clinical medicine, in particular to a method for diagnosing/warning
perinatal fatty liver cows by using three serum biochemical indicators.
[0003] Description of Related Art
[0004] Fatty liver occurs frequently in dairy cows after calving, and high
yielded cows are more prone to having fatty liver disease. When fatty liver
disease occurs, it is often accompanied by mastitis, retention placenta,
displacement of abomasum, and endometritis. Dairy cows with RFM and hysteritis
have a low conception rate when they are inoculated and pregnant again,
increasing the likelihood of stillbirths. Dairy cows with mastitis will produce less
milk, and the milk produced will be discarded because it does not reach hygiene
standards. Various signs indicate that fatty liver will seriously affect the
development of dairy farming. In addition, there are no obvious clinical symptoms
in the early stage of fatty liver disease. Once discovered, it has already developed
to be moderate to severe. It takes a lot of manpower and financial resources to
completely cure the disease. Therefore, timely diagnosis and effective preventive
measures can prevent or early diagnose the occurrence of fatty liver and timely
adjust breeding measures to avoid economic losses.
[0005] In order to realize the early diagnosis of fatty liver disease dairy
cows, some studies have tried to predict the occurrence of fatty liver through
some indicators in the blood. Study by Emmanouil Kalaitzakis et al. (2010)
considers that under certain conditions, fatty liver can be predicted by the activity
of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the blood and
the ratio of NEFA to cholersteryl ester. Study by Horea et al. (2009) claims that
hypothyroidism during the dry period may be an early indicator of postpartum
fatty liver. Study by Hachenberg et al. (2007) considers that changes in serum
NEFA and IGF-1 can be used as serological indicators for the diagnosis of fatty
liver. Study by Shen et al. (2018) considers that serum FGF-21 and total
hemoglobin are potential markers for fatty liver in dairy cows. However, these
studies fail to disclose a quantitative relationship between the degree of fatty liver
and serum indicators, and cannot ensure the accuracy of the diagnosis of fatty
liver, so it is not suitable for production-oriented diagnosis of fatty liver.
[0006] Actually, study by Reid et al (1983) got the correlation between the
fat content and serum indicators, and found that NEFA, GLU, AST and Bilirubin
were significantly correlated with the fat content in the liver. Bilirubin is correlated
with NEFA, GLU and AST, but NEFA is not correlated with GLU and AST.
Therefore, Ried used the three indicators of NEFA, GLU and AST and the fat
content to establish the equation Y = -0.51-0.0032NEFA + 2.84GLU-0.0528AST
(Reid et al, 1983); when Y > 0, it can be determined that the cow has mild fatty
liver (<20%, fat), when Y <0, it can be determined that the cow has moderate or
severe fatty liver (> 20% fat). The equation provided by Reid can initially
determine the suspected fatty liver cows and normal cows in a certain range.
However, only 8 serum indicators were measured in this solution, and other
indicators closely related to fatty liver were not measured; and the equation was
verified by liver biopsy, and the diagnosis results of the equation were quite
biased. It is not practical to determine whether a cow has fatty liver and how
accurate the clinical diagnosis is, easily causing false positive and/or negative
diagnosis.
[0007] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the objective of the
present invention is to provide a combination of serum biochemical indicators that
can be used for diagnosis/warning of perinatal fatty liver cows. The serum
biochemical indicator combination of the present invention can accurately and
reliably diagnose the degree of fatty liver in cows and the incidence ratio in the
herd, and can provide a valuable reference for the breeding and production of
dairy cows, improve breeding efficiency and increase production and efficiency.
[0008] To achieve the above objective, the present invention adopts the
following technical solutions:
[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an application of
a serum biochemical indicator combination in the preparation of a reagent or kit
for diagnosing/warning perinatal fatty liver cows is provided;
[0010] The serum biochemical index combination is composed of aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), glucose (GLU) and total cholesterol (TCHO).
[0011] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an application of a reagent for measuring serum biochemical indicators AST, GLU and TCHO in the preparation of a diagnostic kit for fatty liver disease in dairy cows is provided.
[0012] In the above applications, the diagnostic kit can determine the
degree of fatty liver disease.
[0013] In the above applications, the serum biochemical indicators AST,
GLU and TCHO are closely related to fatty liver disease in dairy cows. The three
serum biochemical indicators are used to establish a linear equation for diagnosis
of fatty liver dairy cows, and the degree of fatty liver disease is determined
according to the linear equation.
[0014] The linear equation is: C=1.68772-0.00008523AST-0.40724GLU
0.05079TCHO.
[0015] In the above linear equation, AST, GLU, and TCHO respectively
represent the content of these three serum biochemical indicators in serum; their
units are: AST (IU/L), GLU (mmol/L), and TCHO (pmol/L).
[0016] All the above three serum biochemical indicators can be measured
by using an automatic biochemical analyzer.
[0017] A method for determining the degree of fatty liver disease according
to the linear equation is as follows: test cows are normal cows when C50.05; test
cows are cows with mild fatty liver when 0.05 <C50.20; test cows are cows with
moderate fatty liver when 0.20 <C <0.85; test cows are cows with severe fatty
liver when C> 0.85.
[0018] According to a third aspect of the present invention, provided is a
system for determining the degree of fatty liver in dairy cows is provided. The system includes:
[0019] a data acquisition module, configured to acquire the content data of
biochemical indicators in the serum of cows, the biochemical indicators including:
AST, GLU and TCHO;
[0020] a data processing module, configured to receive the content data
acquired by the data acquisition module, and substitute the content data into a
preset linear equation for processing; and
[0021] a result determining module, configured to receive values obtained
after the processing by the data processing module and determine the degree of
fatty liver in cows according to the values.
[0022] The preset linear equation is: C=1.68772-0.00008523AST
0.40724GLU-0.05079TCHO.
[0023] In the above linear equation, AST, GLU, and TCHO respectively
represent the content of these three serum biochemical indicators in serum; their
units are: AST (IU/L), GLU (mmol/L), and TCHO (pmol/L).
[0024] All the content data of the above three serum biochemical indicators
can be measured by using a full automatic biochemical analyzer.
[0025] Preferably, a method for determining the degree of fatty liver
disease according to the values is as follows: test cows are normal cows when
C50.05; test cows are cows with mild fatty liver when 0.05 <C!0.20; test cows
are cows with moderate fatty liver when 0.20 <C <0.85; test cows are cows with
severe fatty liver when C> 0.85.
[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0027] (1) The present invention establishes a linear equation C for the diagnosis of fatty liver cows by using three serum biochemical indicators
(aspartate aminotransferase AST, glucose GLU and total cholesterol TCHO).
According to the C value calculated on the basis of the linear equation, the degree
of fatty liver disease can be determined and the early detection and diagnosis of
potential fatty liver disease cows in production can be realized.
[0028] (2) Based on the linear equation C established by the present
invention, the present invention has also designed a system for determining the
degree of fatty liver disease in dairy cows. The system can be used to diagnose
the degree of fatty liver in dairy cows and the incidence ratio in the herd, and can
provide a valuable reference for the breeding and production of dairy cows,
improve breeding efficiency and increase production and efficiency.
[0029] Fig. 1 shows oil red 0 staining results of liver tissue.
[0030] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all
exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present
application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used
herein have the same meaning as commonly understood those ordinarily skilled in
the art to which the present application belongs.
[0031] As mentioned in the background, in the breeding production of dairy cows, perinatal cows often have metabolic disorders, of which fatty liver is the most common one. According to reports, more than 60% of cows suffer from fatty liver from the dry period to the lactation period (i.e., the perinatal period), and 5-10% of the cows have severe fatty liver, which seriously affects the milk production performance, production life and reproductive performance of the cows. In order to detect and diagnose potential fatty liver disease cows as early as possible in production, serum indicators are used in studies to predict the occurrence of fatty liver. Reid provides an equation for predicting the degree of fatty liver through the concentration of blood glucose, free fatty acids and aspartate aminotransferase in the blood. This equation, as a serological diagnostic method for fatty liver, has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, but its accuracy is low relative to live liver sampling, and deviations are prone to occurring; and the measurement of the NEFA indicator is costly, and NEFA measurement operations are inconvenient, involve cumbersome steps, and take a long time.
[0032] In view of this, the present invention establishes a linear equation C
for the diagnosis of fatty liver cows by using three serum biochemical indicators
(aspartate aminotransferase AST, glucose GLU and total cholesterol TCHO), and
the equation C is: C=1.68772-0.00008523AST-0.40724GLU-0.05079TCHO.
[0033] According to the C value calculated on the basis of the linear
equation, the degree of fatty liver disease can be determined. Test cows are
normal cows (fat5%) when C50.05; test cows are cows with mild fatty liver
(5%<fats20%) when 0.05 <C50.20; test cows are cows with moderate fatty
liver (20%<fat<75%) when 0.20 <C <0.85; test cows are cows with severe fatty liver (fat75%) when C 0.85. The results verified in a herd of 493 cows show that the equation can accurately and reliably diagnose the disease degree and proportion of fatty liver cows in the herd. It can provide a valuable reference for the breeding production of dairy cows, improve breeding efficiency, and increase production and efficiency.
[0034] In order to facilitate the processing of large sample data of dairy
cow herds, the present invention also establishes a system for determining the
degree of fatty liver disease in dairy cows. The system includes:
[0035] a data acquisition module, configured to acquire the content data of
biochemical indicators in the serum of cows, the biochemical indicators including:
AST, GLU and TCHO, wherein the above content data can be measured using a
full automatic biochemical analyzer;
[0036] a data processing module, configured to receive the content data
acquired by the data acquisition module, and substitute the content data into a
preset linear equation for processing, wherein the preset linear equation is:
C=1.68772-0.00008523AST-0.40724GLU-0.05079TCHO; and
[0037] a result determining module, configured to receive a value C
obtained after processing by the data processing module and determine the
degree of fatty liver of dairy cows according to the value C, wherein test cows are
normal cows when C50.05; test cows are cows with mild fatty liver when 0.05
<C50.20; test cows are cows with moderate fatty liver when 0.20 <C <0.85; test
cows are cows with severe fatty liver when C 0.85.
[0038] The system of the present invention can be adopted to collect the
content data of serum biochemical indicators in dairy cow herds in batch, perform data processing on the content data and determine the processing results, so as to obtain the degree of fatty liver disease and the proportion of fatty liver dairy cows in dairy cow herds in order to make early diagnosis, early warning and treatment.
[0039] In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the
technical solutions of the present application more clearly, the technical solutions
of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to
specific embodiments.
[0040] The test materials used in the embodiments of the present invention
that are not specifically described are all conventional test materials in the art,
and can be purchased through commercial channels.
[0041] Example 1. Establishment of equation C for diagnosing perinatal
cows with fatty liver
[0042] The sample collection site for this test was a large-scale dairy farm
in Zaozhuang, Shandong.
[0043] Test object: adult cows of 2-3 parities were selected.
[0044] Blood collection: 20mL of blood in the tail root vein was collected
one week after cow calving and before morning feeding. The blood of 180 cows
in total was collected. After the blood was centrifuged, the supernatant serum
was taken and stored in liquid nitrogen until it was used for biochemical tests. A
total of 11 biochemical indicators were detected in the serum (Table 1), and the
180 cows were classified and screened (normal cow group and suspected fatty
liver group) by using the equation Y=-0.51-0.0032NEFA+2.84GLU-0.0528AST
provided by Reid. Based on the calculated Y value, 24 cows with suspected fatty liver disease (Y<-2) and suspected normal cows (Y>2) were selected. Liver tissue sampling was performed from selected cows within one week.
[0045] Table 1: Distribution of 11 serum indicators of 180 cows
Indicator (unit) Chinese name of Max. Min. x±SD the indicator
AST (IU/L) Aspartate 403.00 46.00 97.01+52.21 aminotransferase TP(g/L) Total protein 92.60 29.60 64.23+10.06 ALB (g/L) Albumin 35.70 16.00 28.30+3.65 UREA(mmol/L) Urea nitrogen 8.78 1.59 3.69+1.18
UA(pmol/L) Uric acid 66.00 16.00 37.41+10.31
GLU (mmol/L) Glucose 4.02 1.10 2.72+0.60
TG (pmol/L) Triglyceride 0.26 0.04 0.11+0.03
TCHO (pmol/L) Total cholesterol 3.40 0.87 1.84+0.47
INS (pg/ml) Insulin 18882.16 34.60 2073.93+2463.12 BHB (mmol/L) j-hydroxybutyrate 5.47 -133.27 -7.09+12.62
NEFA(mmol/L) Unsaturated 42.16 0.04 2.87+3.74 esterified fatty acid
[0046] Liver collection: Live liver collection was completed within 1-2 weeks
after delivery of the cows. The selected cows were picked out of the large herd
the day before the operation. During the operation, the cows were rushed and
tied to a hoof fixation frame and then shaved and disinfected at the intersection
of the intercostal space betweenlOth rib and 11th rib on the right side and the
part from the middle section of humerus to the hip nodule. After disinfection, the
cows were injected with 500mg of 0.5% procaine for local anesthesia (ibuprofen
and procaine), and a 5-10 cm longitudinal wound was cut with a scalpel. Liver biopsy was implemented using a liver biopsy needle. After suturing, the cows were subjected to sterilization, anti-inflammatory treatment, strengthened nursing; close attention was paid to the situation of cattle, and penicillin injection was performed when necessary. The collected liver tissue was washed with physiological saline, and the liver was divided into 5 pieces of roughly equal size with surgical tweezers, each piece of soy bean size. One piece of liver tissue was fixed in 5% paraformaldehyde and used for the subsequent oil red 0 staining experiment. This liver collection method can ensure that the positions of all collected liver tissues in the livers are relatively consistent.
[0047] Oil red 0 staining of liver: liver tissue sections in 5%
paraformaldehyde were put on slides; the slides were washed with 60%
isopropanol and staining with oil red 0 was then carried out for 10-15 min; the
stained slides were washed with 60% isopropanol and then with deionized water;
the nuclei was stained with hematoxylin for 2 min; after being washed with
deionized water, the slides were observed under the microscope (lipids were red
and the nuclei were blue), thus obtaining the area percentage of oil red 0 lipid
droplets in each cow liver tissue (Figure 1) to indicate the relative content of fat in
livers of 24 perinatal cows (Table 2). The specific calculation method of the
percentage is to use Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Inc.,
Rockville, MD, USA) to select the same red color as the unified standard for
determining the lipid droplets of all photos, and analyze each photo to obtain the
ratio of red lipid droplets to the entire tissue area in each photo, i.e., the area
percentage of lipid droplets (%).
[0048] Table 2: Serum indicators of liver biopsy of 24 cows
Indicator (unit) Max. Min. O xSD AST (IU/L) 402.00 46.00 134.48±87.16 TP (g/L) 92.60 48.30 67.67+10.16 ALB (g/L) 33.60 23.40 28.80±3.14 UREA (mmol/L) 8.78 1.84 3.73+1.67
UA (pmol/L) 48.00 20.00 35.43±8.74 GLU (mmol/L) 3.60 1.10 2.59+0.79
TG (ptmol/L) 0.18 0.07 0.11+0.03
TCHO (pmol/L) 3.05 1.24 1.81+0.43
INS (pg/ml) 6.39 0.51 2.26+1.60 BHB (mmol/L) 5025.23 48.16 1321.23±1675.41 NEFA (mmol/L) 18882.16 1.45 2237.68±4146.01
[0049] A linear regression equation was established from the serum
indicators and fat content: with the sine value of the fat content after Oil Red 0
staining as the dependent variable of linear regression and other serum indicators
as explanatory variables separately, the correlation coefficient R 2 and correlation
P value of each serum indicator and the sine value of fat content percentage were
calculated. The results are shown in Table 3. From Table 3, we can see that the
biochemical indicators closely related to the degree of fatty liver disease are GLU,
TCHO, AST and NEFA. Among them, serum indicators GLU and TCHO are
significantly correlated with fat content. While AST and NEFA have a correlation
with fat content, but the correlation is not high.
[0050] Correlation analysis between the biochemical indicators: By
calculating the correlation between the indicators, it is found that AST and NEFA are partially related to GLU. The results are shown in Table 4: It can be seen that there is a correlation between both NEFA and AST and GLU, but there is no correlation between NEFA and AST.
[0051] Equation fitting: equation simulation was performed by using a
combination of 4 indicators that are significantly related. The most relevant GLU
as the indicator determined to be used was first used, and then indicators with
high correlation were used gradually. When the equation is simulated by the three
indicators of AST, GLU and TCHO, the equation is extremely significant, and the
R 2 of the equation reaches 0.65 (Table 5). It is also very significant to introduce
the NEFA equation on the basis of AST, GLU, and TCHO. The P value has only
increased a little, but the R 2 of the equation has only increased by 0.007 (Table
). Considering the following two reasons, we finally decided to use the equation
established by the simulation of the three indicators of AST, GLU and TCHO for
production practice: (1) measuring one more NEFA indicator in production is
costly, and the measurement operation is inconvenient, involves cumbersome
steps and takes a long time; (2) it can be seen from Table 4 that the correlation
between NEFA and GLU is extremely significant, and the correlation between GLU
and the content of liver fat is high. So NEFA is deprecated. This is the reason why
the increase range of the R2 value of the equation obtained by adding NEFA on
the basis of 3 indicators is very small.
[0052] Table 3: Correlation between serum indicators and fat content
Serum Pvalue R2 Corrected R2 indicator
GLU (mmol/L) 0.0041 0.3597 0.3260
TCHO (pmol/L) 0.0451 0.1950 0.1526
AST (IU/L) 0.0521 0.1843 0.1414
NEFA (mmol/L) 0.0665 0.1663 0.1224
TG (pmol/L) 0.1134 0.1266 0.0807
TP (g/L) 0.1731 0.095 0.0478
UERA (mmol/L) 0.1956 0.0865 0.0384 UA (pmol/L) 0.2708 0.0634 0.0141
INS (pg/ml) 00.4045 0.0368 -0.0138 BHB (mmol/L) 0.7583 0.0051 -0.0473
ALB (g/L) 0.9639 0.0001 -0.0525
[0053] Table 4: Correlation between serum indicators
P value R2 Corrected R2
AST and GLU 0.0452 0.2046 0.1065 AST and TCHO 0.3389 0.0509 -0.0018 GLU and TCHO 0.1744 0.1000 0.0500 NEFA and GLU 0.0042 0.4316 0.3937 NEFA and AST 0.2002 0.1069 0.0474 NEFA and TCHO 0.1576 0.1286 0.0705
[0054] Table 5: Comparison of biochemical indicators gradually added to
the fitted linear Equation
r value value GLU P TCHO AST P NEFA of Equation of value value P equation equati v value v valueequti on
C=1.20887-0.26203GLU 0.00410.0041 0.6
C=1.46388-0.22071GLU-0.20019TCHO 0.00810.0183 0.211 0.644 9
C=1.03577 0.0143 0.0302 0.497 0.613 0.22644GLU+0.00060104AST 6
C=1.05384-0.23005GLU+0.03185NEFA 0.0143 0.0241 0.495 0.614 4
C=1.32590-0.19885GLU- 0.0226 0.059 0.262 0.639 0.65 0.18631TCHO+0.00041769AST 4
C=0.92615- 0.571 0.568 0.20382GLU+0.00051740AST+0.02747 0.0353 0.0702 3 7 0.623 NEFA
C=1.22178-0.18018GLU- 0290 0.702 0.18031TCHO+0.00035128AST+0.0237 0.04890.1118 1 7 0.621 0.657 5NEFA
[0055] Finally we established the equation: C=1.68772-0.00008523AST
0.40724GLU-0.05079TCHO. According to the C value calculated on the basis of
the linear equation, the degree of fatty liver disease can be determined. Test
cows are normal cows (fat5%) when C50.05; test cows are cows with mild fatty
liver (5%<fat20%) when 0.05 <C50.20; test cows are cows with moderate
fatty liver (20%<fat<75%) when 0.20 <C <0.85; test cows are cows with severe
fatty liver (fat 75%) when C 0.85.
[0056] The advantages of the linear equation: the early test steps, test
methods and measurement methods of the equation are advanced, rigorous and
accurate (e.g., liver collection sites are consistent; liver fat content and serum
indicator measurement technology is better, and the detection results are more
accurate). Moreover, the fitting concept of the equation is clear, scientific and reasonable.
[0057] Example 2. Large-herd verification of equation C
[0058] The sample collection site for this test was a large-scale dairy farm
in Dongying, Shandong.
[0059] Test object: random sampling. The collection targets were perinatal
adult cows of 2-3 parities. Sample collection and indicator determination were
completed within 1 month (September of that year).
[0060] Blood collection: 20mL of blood in the tail root vein was collected
one week after cow calving and before morning feeding. The blood of 180 cows
in total was collected. After the blood was centrifuged, the supernatant serum
was taken and stored in liquid nitrogen until it was used for determination of 11
biochemical indicators. The measurement method was the same as in Example 1
(the measurement results are omitted).
[0061] Validation results: based on Equation C, the herd of 423 cows were
classified and proportionally analyzed according to the degree of fatty liver
disease. The results showed (Table 6) that: in the 423 cows, there were 26 cows
with severe fatty liver, accounting for 5%; normal cows or cows with mild fatty
liver accounted for 34%, and cows with moderate fatty liver accounted for 61%.
The results of verification of liver biopsy by sampling were completely consistent
with the results determined on the basis of C value.
[0062] Table 6: Verification results of Equation C in a herd of 423 dairy
cows
Degree of Proportion in a Number of cows of Number of cows fatty liver herd of 423 dairy this category in the verified by liver disease cows (%) herd biopsy
Normal or mild 34% 141 4
Moderate 61% 256 11
Severe 5% 26 6
[0063] Example 3. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between Equation C
and Equation Y
[0064] Comparative example 1: The diagnosis result of Equation Y is
inconsistent with the diagnosis result of liver biopsy, and the degree of agreement
is poor (Table 7).
[0065] The diagnosis results after liver biopsy of 21 cows showed that
there were 6 normal cows (fat% <20%), and the remaining 15 cows were cows
with moderate or severe fatty liver (fat%> 30%). However, based on the Y value,
it was determined that the diagnosis results of 6 cows were inconsistent with the
liver biopsy results. The inconsistence lies in that: (1) It can be seen from Table 7
that in normal cows with a fat content of less than 20%, the two cows No. 14116
and No. 15155 have Y values of -2.59 and -2.13, respectively. According to the
determination criterion of equation Y, the two cows No. 14116 and No. 15155
should be cows with moderate or severe fatty liver, which is not in line with the
results of liver biopsy. (2) Liver biopsy proves that the Y values are positive in
dairy cows with moderate or severe fatty liver (fatty liver cows with a fat content of more than 20%). According to the determination criterion of Equation Y, the test cow is a normal cow when Y> 0. For example, the fat contents in livers of two cows, No. 5833 and No. 12164, are as high as 60.13% and 76.79%, but the result determined by the Y value show that they are normal cows.
[0066] Table 7: The comparison of the diagnosis results based on the liver
fat content (21 cows) of the bovine liver biopsy and the diagnosis results based
on Equation Y
at LivronentaferDegree of Cow No. Liverfatontentafter fatty liver Y value disease
5791 1.5 2.03
5645 2.12 2.32
14116 2.77 -2.59*
5590 5.3 3.37 5792 12.63 4.85
15155 20 Normal -2.13*
5759 33.48 5.08* 12174 34.31 2.14*
15115 40.54 -5.63
5535 58.51 -3.36
5833 60.13 Moderate/sever 3.69 *
13104 76.36 e -6.75
12164 76.79 3.89 *
5737 81.98 -4.08
15161 82.09 -8.39
15139 84.36 -7.52
14223 85.6 -17.62
5540 86.2 -5.34
14610 86.38 -3.45 14557 90.9 -2.64
12709 96.46 -3.38
[0067] * The results of diagnosis based on this value (Y value) are
inconsistent with the results of liver biopsy diagnosis.
[0068] Comparative example 2: The correlation between the biochemical
indicators determined in this test and the Y value in Equation Y is not high.
[0069] The Y value is calculated according to the serum indicators
determined by this test and Equation Y, and the correlation between the serum
indicators and the Y value is shown in Table 8. It can be seen that only the
indicator AST is significantly correlated with the Y value. Other indicators are
poorly correlated with the Y value. This indirectly illustrates the one-sidedness of
Equation Y. Equation Y may make an error in determining whether a cow has
fatty liver.
[0070] Table 8: Correlation between serum indicators and Y value in
Equation Y
Correlation with Y Pvalue R2 Corrected R2 value AST <0.0001 0.3946 0.3907 TP 0.2971 0.0071 0.0006 ALB 0.249 0.0087 0.0022
UREA 0.6107 0.0017 -0.0048
UA 0.0245 0.0335 0.0270
GLU 0.1069 0.0169 0.0105 TG 0.4906 0.0035 -0.0038 TCHO 0.0513 0.0274 0.0203 NEFA 0.8731 0.0002 -0.0064 OHB 0.0003 0.0805 0.0745
INS 0.0060 0.0484 0.0421
[0071] Comparative example 3: Equation Y and Equation C were used to
analyze and compare the incidence of fatty liver in dairy cows in the early
postpartum period.
[0072] Theoretically, if the determination results of Equation C and
Equation Y are the same, it indicates that they both have the same accuracy for
the diagnosis of fatty liver. The accuracy of Y was evaluated by using the
equation of the large herd (423 cows) of Example 2. Equation C can divide the
herd into 3 categories (26 cows with severe fatty liver, accounting for 5%; normal
cows or cows with mild fatty liver, accounting for 34%, and cows with moderate
fatty liver accounting for 61%). The grouping of Equation Y is shown in Table 9,
and the results can be divided into two categories: one is composed of normal
cows or cows with mild fatty liver, accounting for 77%, and the other is
composed of cows with moderate and severe fatty liver, accounting for 23%. This
is inconsistent with the actual distribution ratio verified by liver biopsy. Obviously,
the distribution ratio of Equation C is more in line with the incidence of fatty liver
in dairy cow production practice, which is more accurate than Equation Y.
[0073] Table 9: The degree of fatty liver in the herd of 423 cows
determined by Equation Y
Number of The Y-based Distribution Proportion in after Degree of a herd of 423 cows of this distribution of fatty liver dairy cows category in cows verified diagnosis by disease (0/0) the herd by liver biopsy acta sver
Normal or 77% 324 10 4 mild Moderate 23% 99 11 17 and severe
[0074] The above embodiments are merely preferred ones of the present
application and are not intended to limit the present application, and various
changes and modifications of the present application may be made by those
skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within
the spirit and principle of the present application should also fall within the scope
of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. An application of a serum biochemical indicator combination in the preparation of a reagent or kit for diagnosing/warning perinatal fatty liver cows, wherein the serum biochemical indicator combination consists of AST, GLU and TCHO.
2. An application of a reagent for measuring serum biochemical indicators AST, GLU and TCHO in the preparation of a diagnostic kit for fatty liver disease in dairy cows.
3. The application according to claim 2, wherein the diagnostic kit can determine the degree of fatty liver disease.
4. The application according to claim 2, wherein the serum biochemical indicators AST, GLU and TCHO are closely related to fatty liver disease in dairy cows, the three serum biochemical indicators are used to establish a linear equation for diagnosis of fatty liver dairy cows, and the degree of fatty liver disease is determined according to the linear equation.
5. The application according to claim 4, wherein the linear equation is: C=1.68772-0.00008523AST-0.40724GLU-0.05079TCHO.
6. The application according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a method for determining the degree of fatty liver disease according to the linear equation is as follows: test cows are normal cows when C50.05; test cows are cows with mild fatty liver when 0.05 <C50.20; test cows are cows with moderate fatty liver when 0.20 <C <0.85; test cows are cows with severe fatty liver when C> 0.85.
7. A system for determining the degree of fatty liver in dairy cows, comprising: a data acquisition module, configured to acquire the content data of biochemical indicators in the serum of cows, the biochemical indicators including: AST, GLU and TCHO;
a data processing module, configured to receive the content data acquired by the data acquisition module, and substitute the content data into a preset linear equation for processing; and a result determining module, configured to receive values obtained after the processing by the data processing module and determine the degree of fatty liver in cows according to the values.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the preset linear equation is: C=1.68772-0.00008523AST-0.40724GLU-0.05079TCHO.
9. The system according to claim 7, wherein a method for determining the degree of fatty liver disease according to the values is as follows: test cows are normal cows when C50.05; test cows are cows with mild fatty liver when 0.05 <C50.20; test cows are cows with moderate fatty liver when 0.20 <C <0.85; test cows are cows with severe fatty liver when C> 0.85.
Drawing 03 Jun 2020
Normal 2020100926
Severe
Fig. 1
Page 1/1
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