AU2019101231A4 - Autonomous flying fox roost monitoring and low-force sprinkler cooling system based on AI, ML, and LPWAN (SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB IoT) - Google Patents
Autonomous flying fox roost monitoring and low-force sprinkler cooling system based on AI, ML, and LPWAN (SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB IoT) Download PDFInfo
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- AU2019101231A4 AU2019101231A4 AU2019101231A AU2019101231A AU2019101231A4 AU 2019101231 A4 AU2019101231 A4 AU 2019101231A4 AU 2019101231 A AU2019101231 A AU 2019101231A AU 2019101231 A AU2019101231 A AU 2019101231A AU 2019101231 A4 AU2019101231 A4 AU 2019101231A4
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- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- force
- low
- flying fox
- sprinkler
- flying
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 241001299872 Pteropus rodricensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000288675 Pteropodidae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000288673 Chiroptera Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010019345 Heat stroke Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013079 data visualisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000024883 vasodilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K13/00—Devices for grooming or caring of animals, e.g. curry-combs; Fetlock rings; Tail-holders; Devices for preventing crib-biting; Washing devices; Protection against weather conditions or insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K45/00—Other aviculture appliances, e.g. devices for determining whether a bird is about to lay
- A01K45/002—Bird baths or showers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2625—Sprinkler, irrigation, watering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
- H04N7/181—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
Abstract
The automated flying fox colony monitor and low-force sprinkler cooling system allows remote and simultaneous monitoring of the roost conditions both environmental and behavioral as well as reduce flying fox deaths during heat events. This system allows early intervention and prevention of flying fox deaths by detecting environmental factors known to trigger heat stress, heatstroke and eventual death and intervene by starting up a cooling sprinkler system allowing bats that have climbed down to the mid-storey of a camp to seek out a cooler microclimate to be directly sprayed with a low-force and high droplet size spray. This assists their evaporative cooling mechanisms when environmental conditions mean that they could no longer carry this out themselves without extreme risk of death or compromise. This system also reduced the need for human intervention, potentially increasing flying fox stress and therefore deaths as well as risking human health in extreme conditions and often rough terrain. This system also allows monitoring of camp environmental conditions as well as flying fox behavioral monitoring remotely. The system utilizes loT loggers sends environmental data to the cloud through LPWAN (SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB loT) communication for analytics through Al and ML. The cloud assesses the situation and triggers the low-force sprinkler system to initiate cooling. The data recorded over time will assist in research and understanding of the flying fox behaviors.
Description
Description
The study of the heat stress events throughout Australia suggests that the highest mortalities occurred during low humidity heat events comparatively. A low humidity heat event is generally defined as an event where the temperature exceeds 41-42 degrees over several days with a relative humidity of 30-40% or less.
Various other factors such as camp location, structure, orientation, and prevailing winds will also affect a camp's susceptibility to succumbing to heat events.
Being unable to sweat, flying-foxes will fan their wings and use radiant heat loss via vasodilation of the blood vessels of the wing membranes to facilitate heat exchange via wing-flapping causing increased air movement over the dilated blood vessels. Once ambient temperatures exceed body temperature, this method is no longer effective and flying-foxes must utilize evaporative cooling via panting and licking of extremities in order to maintain sub-critical body temperature. (Welbergen et al 2008)
With a limited ability to concentrate their urine, (McMichael et ai 2016) this is not only very physiologically costly, but effectiveness of this method is impeded by very low humidity and can also result in critical dehydration, shock, and death due to extreme body fluid loss facilitated by very low humidity and high ambient temperatures.
Human intervention can be very difficult to correctly time and can increase stress to animals in a colony, which can exacerbate already critical animals. Effective human responses also have potential human safety issues under extreme heat conditions as well as being very difficult to deploy and coordinate especially in remote areas of areas where access is difficult. Human intervention with spraying also required very precise timing and must be carried out at a far later and more critical stage in heatstroke due to the need to find a balance between stressing animals and effectively spraying.
The proposed system is fully autonomous and self-sustaining. The system requires minimal human intervention for maintenance and operation. The entire system is solar-powered and requires no auxiliary power. The system uses state of the art technology principles and protocols. The system comprises of three main components; sensing, controlling, and data visualization.
The sensing component of the project is responsible for logging roost parameters such as humidity, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, ambient light levels, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water reservoir temperature, water reservoir levels, water flow GPS coordinates, and battery - solar charging performance. These parameters are monitored through custom made loggers that are strategically placed within the roost. Live video streaming for remote monitoring is implemented through a PTZ camera (25x 5MP). These loggers send these parameters to a cloud-based system using either LPWAN technologies (sigFox, LoRaWAN, NB loT) or conventional communication protocols (3G or 4G) depending on the availability at the installation location.
The controlling component constantly awaits a command from the cloud-based system. In an event of heat stress, it will trigger a low-force sprinkler system to effectively cool down the flying foxes. A future version of the system will also have the capability to bleed the
2019101231 08 Oct 2019 pipes before turning on the sprinkler system to get rid of water that is not at. the optimum temperature.
The visualization component is a cloud system that stores logger parameters, controls the low-force sprinkler system, and utilizes Al and ML algorithms for analytics and trends. The system configurable and custom warnings, alerts, and the threshold for the sprinkling system can be defined. The low-force sprinkler system can be manually triggered on-site or remotely from this cloud system.
The low-force sprinkler system is a custom-built system that ensures that the water pressure is kept within a specific range so that they do no deter the flying foxes. The system is derived by a solar-power water pump that takes water from a creek nearby or a reservoir tank. This system will be installed mid-storey in a maternity tree with an aim to wet bats as well as mildly increase local humidity without the stress of human presence.
The mid-storey was deemed to be the most appropriate position for a sprinkler system due to the predictable behavioral progression of flying-foxes during a heat event (Snoyman et al., 2012) to find a cooler microclimate within the mid-storey. (Welbergen et al. 2012) Monitoring of behaviors and any changes in morbidity/mortality rates between the treatment and control tree areas would be able to determine if the placement of sprinklers had the potential to reduce population declines during heat events.
Gfeller, G. (2005). 'Heatstroke', in Ettinger, SJ & Feldman, EC, Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 6th edn, St Louis, Missouri.
Mcmichael, L., Edson, D., Mayer, D., Mclaughlin, A., Goldspink, L., Vidgen, Μ. E., Field, H. (2016). Temporal variation in physiological biomarkers in black flying-foxes (Pteropus alecto), Australia. EcoHealth, 13(1], 49-59.
Snoyman, S, Jasmina, M, Brown,C, (20.12). 'Nursing females are more prone to heats stress: Demography matters when managing flying -foxes for climate change', Applied Animal Behaviour isbpjScience, vol 142 pp. 90-97.
Welbergen, J., Klose, S., Markus, N., Eby, P. (2008) ‘Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes' Proc. R. Soc. B 2008 275 419-425; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1385.
Claims (5)
- Claims2019101231 08 Oct 20191. Loggers have humidity, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, ambient light levels, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water reservoir temperature, water reservoir levels, water flow GPS coordinates, and battery - solar charging performance sensors and communicate through LPWAN (SigFox,LoRaWAN, NB loT) or 3G,4G, WIFI network.
- 2. Loggers, as stated in Claim 1, sends data to cloud service that stores data perform analytics and trends based on machine learning and artificial intelligence with full reporting, and controls the low-force sprinkler system. The system allows configurable threshold values for automation of the low-force sprinkler system.
- 3. Low-force sprinkler systems are designed to limit the water flow rate to prevent the deterrence of the flying foxes and can bleed hot water from pipes before sprinkling.
- 4. An automated cooling system utilizing environmental sensors (Claim 1) and cloud service (Claim 2) to trigger a low- force sprinkler system (Claim 3) to cool flying foxes utilizing their evaporative cooling mechanisms to reduce flying fox morbidity and mortality.
- 5. PTZ Camera integrated helps camp behavior as well as environmental conditions analysis and remote system override if need be.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019101231A AU2019101231A4 (en) | 2019-10-08 | 2019-10-08 | Autonomous flying fox roost monitoring and low-force sprinkler cooling system based on AI, ML, and LPWAN (SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB IoT) |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019101231A AU2019101231A4 (en) | 2019-10-08 | 2019-10-08 | Autonomous flying fox roost monitoring and low-force sprinkler cooling system based on AI, ML, and LPWAN (SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB IoT) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2019101231A4 true AU2019101231A4 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019101231A Ceased AU2019101231A4 (en) | 2019-10-08 | 2019-10-08 | Autonomous flying fox roost monitoring and low-force sprinkler cooling system based on AI, ML, and LPWAN (SigFox, LoRaWAN, NB IoT) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2019101231A4 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111541501A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-14 | 北京航星网讯技术股份有限公司 | Device for supporting normal underground signal of Internet of things equipment logged on well by using signal tester |
-
2019
- 2019-10-08 AU AU2019101231A patent/AU2019101231A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111541501A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-14 | 北京航星网讯技术股份有限公司 | Device for supporting normal underground signal of Internet of things equipment logged on well by using signal tester |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| MK22 | Patent ceased section 143a(d), or expired - non payment of renewal fee or expiry |