AU2019101065B4 - Mepiquat Formulations - Google Patents
Mepiquat Formulations Download PDFInfo
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- AU2019101065B4 AU2019101065B4 AU2019101065A AU2019101065A AU2019101065B4 AU 2019101065 B4 AU2019101065 B4 AU 2019101065B4 AU 2019101065 A AU2019101065 A AU 2019101065A AU 2019101065 A AU2019101065 A AU 2019101065A AU 2019101065 B4 AU2019101065 B4 AU 2019101065B4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a soluble concentrate formulation of mepiquat, which is highly
loaded compared to existing formulations. The formulation of the invention has a
concentration of mepiquat, present as mepiquat chloride, of at least about 380 g/L
5 The formulation preferably includes an antifoaming agent.
13
Description
Mepiquat Formulations
Technical Field
The invention relates to novel mepiquat formulations. In particular, the invention is
concerned with highly loaded mepiquat formulations, mepiquat being present as the
chloride.
Background Art
Mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium chloride) consists of equimolar amounts of the mepiquat cation and the chloride anion. It is a well-known plant growth regulator,
which inhibits biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA) in plant tissue. Inhibition of GA production reduces vegetative growth and increases yield. Mepiquat chloride can be
used on a range of crops but is especially useful commercially to reduce vegetative growth of cotton and to inhibit sprouting in bulbs, such as garlic, leek and onions.
In cotton, mepiquat chloride can increase output of cotton by reducing height and vegetative growth, as well as boll shedding. Vegetative growth is regarded as a pattern
of extension of cotton plant height through stem and branch growth. Mepiquat chloride stunts vegetative growth in cotton, resulting in an increase in cotton boll production.
Mepiquat can be combined with ethephon to reduce internode length in cereals such as
wheat, thereby preventing lodging (which is the permanent displacement of the cereal stems from their upright position).
Mepiquat chloride has high solubility in water: over 50% w/w at 20°C. It is available at a high purity of 980 g/kg or more. However, commercial formulations typically contain a
low concentration of mepiquat chloride per litre. Where mepiquat chloride is the sole active ingredient, commercial formulations typically contain 51 g/L of mepiquat chloride
(38 g/L of mepiquat acid) Where mepiquat chloride is combined with ethephon, the
concentration of mepiquat chloride maybe as high as 305 g/L (232 g/L of mepiquat acid).
High concentration formulations are generally desirable: a highly loaded formulation can
deliver the required quantity of active ingredient to a user in a smaller volume. Higher
I concentration formulations also reduce the quantity of formulated product required to be produced by formulators. For both formulators and users there is a saving in packaging, freight costs, storage volume and energy costs and a reduction in waste.
Mepiquat acid use rates range from 9.5 to 76 g/ha. This means that formulated product use rates for existing available solo formulations typically range from 250 mL/ha to 2
L/ha. The bulk of the current formulations - more than 90% - comprises water. It is
clearly inefficient to produce, store and transport to growers such a bulky product.
Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide formulations of mepiquat chloride which are
more highly loaded than those currently available.
It has been discovered that it is possible to provide mepiquat chloride formulations that
are more highly loaded, yet stable.
Summary of the Invention
Accordingly, the invention provides a soluble concentrate mepiquat formulation having a concentration of mepiquat, present as mepiquat chloride, of about 380 g ae/L,
wherein the mepiquat chloride is the only active ingredient in the formulation and
wherein the formulation is free from ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer.
While the formulation of the invention has only mepiquat chloride as the sole active
ingredient, the formulation may include any other desirable or convenient adjuvant type ingredient. Preferably, the formulation includes a suitable colorant, an anti-foaming
agent and water.
A colorant is used to warn users that the formulation contains mepiquat chloride. An
example of a suitable colorant is New Coccine-Dye Content 75% (trisodium (8Z)-7-oxo-8
[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1.3-disuifonate), available
from Sigma-Aldrich in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
Preferred as anti-foaming agent is Gensil 2030 TM, a polydimethylsiloxane aqueous emulsion available from Solvay Chemicals Pty Ltd in Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. Other
anti-foaming agents may also be suitable.
Testing has shown that the highly loaded formulations of the invention are stable,
including in cold conditions.
Trial results on cotton crops have shown that formulations of the invention are as
effective as and a bioequivalent of a prior art mepiquat formulation, namely RewardTMin relation to regulation of fruiting and vegetative growth. RewardTM has as its only active
ingredient mepiquat, present as the chloride salt, at a concentration of 38 g/L.
The benefits of the formulation of the invention include a more suitable concentration of active ingredient, given that, in the main crop use in Australia, namely cotton,
application rates range from 250 mL/ha to 2 L/ha of mepiquat acid. Current formulations, with only 38 g/L of mepiquat acid, are more than 90% water. This is an
inefficient and bulky product for the manufacturer to produce, store and transport and for growers to apply.
In order that the invention in its various aspects may be more readily understood and put into practice, one or more preferred embodiments thereof will now be described.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiment
Example 1: Preparation of Soluble Concentrate Formulation (SL) containing 380 g/L of
mepiquat
Mepiquat chloride TGAC 98% Min, supplied by Jiangsu Institute of Ecomones Co Ltd of 95 Huanyuan Road, Economic Development Zone, Jintan, Jiangsu Province, China, was
used to manufacture the formulation as described below.
The excipients used are detailed as follows:
Component Supplier New Coccine - Dye Content 75% Sigma-Aldrich trisodium;(8Z)-7-oxo-8-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-y/) 3050 Spruce Street
hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonate SaintLouis,MO63103,USA
Component Supplier Gensil© 2030 Solvay Chemicals Pty. Ltd
polydimethysiloxane aqueous emulsion Technology Enterprise Centre, 2 Park Drive, R&D Park, La Trobe
University, Bundoora, VIC 3086
Method: 547.23 g/L of potable water was charged into a suitable vessel equipped with a propeller
type stirrer. Mixing was commenced and 0.10 g/L of Gensil© 2030 as described above was added while continuing to mix.
501.46 g/L of the Mepiquat chloride was added; mixing continued.
0.10 g/L of New Coccine-Dye as described above was added; mixing was maintained for
30 minutes until the components were completely dissolved.
The product was then filtered, using a 10Iim GAF filter.
The active ingredient content was confirmed by the approved analytical method (Table
1) and volume was adjusted with water as required.
The formulation was suitable for packaging in a HDPE container with a screw cap
closure.
The formulation was subjected to cold storage for 7 days at 0 C. No separation or
crystal growth was observed, indicating that the formulation was cold storage stable.
The term 'cold storage stable' as used herein in relation to a soluble concentrate
formulation means that, when the formulation is stored for 7 days at 0 C, no separation or crystal growth is observed.
Table 1
Determination Method Specification Analysis Result
Appearance, Visual Clear bright red Clear bright red PASS Physical State & liquid liquid Colour
Odour Olfactory Negligible Negligible PASS
pH 1% w/v CIPAC MT 4.50-6.00 5.28 PASS dilution 75.3
Density @ 20 °C Density Meter 1.040 - 1.060 1.054 g/mL @ 20 PASS Anton Paar g/mL °C DMA 48
Solution CIPAC MT 41 Trace sediment Nil sediment after PASS Stability 5.0 mL/ 100 after 30 mins 18 hrs Standard Water mL D
Persistent Foam CIPAC MT Max60mLfoam After10sec PASS Standard Water 47.2 after 1 min OmL C 2.0 mL / 200 After 1 min mL OmL After 3 min OmL After 12 min OmL
Content: Nominal 365 - 395 g/L 380 g/L PASS Mepiquat present as mepiquat chloride
Example 2:
Field Trial - Norwin, Queensland
A field trial was conducted near Norwin, Queensland, Australia to evaluate post
emergence applications of mepiquat applied to conventional cotton cv. at mid-bloom to early boll set.
The cotton crop trialled was American upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).
The purpose of the trial was to assess the bio-equivalence of the formulation of Example 1 with the commercially registered formulation 'Reward'.
The formulation of Example 1 was identified as AD-AU-1815. In the trial, a comparison was made between an untreated plot group and 28.5, 76 and 152 ga/ha of each of
Reward (38 g/L mepiquat) and AD-AU-1815 (380 g/L mepiquat).
Treatments were applied post-emergence, using a hand-held boom fitted with 6
TT11015 nozzles, calibrated for an output of 100 L/ha at a ground speed of 5.4 kph and an operating pressure of 250 kPa to irrigated cotton cv. 75RRF at mid-flowering to early
boll development.
The treatments are summarised in Table 2 below:
Table 2
Trt Treatment Active Rate (gac/ha) Dosage Rate (mL No. Ingredient /ha) 1 Untreated --
2 Reward Mepiquat 28.5 750 3 Reward Mepiquat 76 2000 4 Reward Mepiquat 152 4000 5 AD-AU-1815 Mepiquat 28.5 75 6 AD-AU-1815 Mepiquat 76 200 7 AD-AU-1815 Mepiquat 152 400
Prior to planting height, length of 6 terminal nodes and nodes above white flower
(NAWF) were measured on 10 marked plants per plot. These parameters were then re measured on the same 10 plants 21 days after application (21 DAA).
Total number of bolls and numbers of open and closed bolls and numbers of immature bolls were recorded on the tagged 10 plants at 54 days after application (54 DAA). A
calculation of percentage of "harvestable" bolls was derived from the counts of
harvestable bolls and total bolls.
At 90 days after application (90 DAA), the weights of seed cotton from 100 open bolls
per plot were recorded to derive a value of boll weight. Samples were ginned by CSD and submitted to Australian Classing Services for quality analysis.
Values for gin turnout, staple length, fibre length, fibre micron diameter, fibre uniformity, fibre strength and short fibre index were measured in addition to fibre
classing values.
The results are shown in Table 3 (Plant height) and Table 4 (Nodes above white flower), below.
Table 3 Increase in plant height (cm) pre-application between and 21 days after application
Trt Treatment Rate (mL /ha) Increase in plant
No. height (cm)
1 Untreated - 10.8 ab
2 Reward 750 5.1 c
3 Reward 2000 5.3 c
4 Reward 4000 3.0 c
5 AD-AU-1815 75 6.0 bc
6 AD-AU-1815 200 4.2 c
7 AD-AU-1815 400 2.6 c
Means within each column followed by the same letter are not significantly different
(LSD; P = 0.05)
As shown in Table 3, mepiquat inhibited height increase at the time of assessment, 21
days after application. AD-AU-1815 provided an equivalent level of high reduction when applied at the same mepiquat dose as Reward.
Table 4
Assessment of Immature Bolls per Plant 54 days after Application
Trt Treatment Rate (mL/ha) Immature Bolls
No. per Plant
1 Untreated - 3.7 ab
2 Reward 750 2.6 b-e
3 Reward 2000 2.7 a-e
4 Reward 4000 2.2 de
5 AD-AU-1815 75 2.1de
6 AD-AU-1815 200 2.3 cde
7 AD-AU-1815 400 1.7 e
Means within each column followed by the same letter are not significantly different
(LSD; P > 0.05)
As shown in Table 4 (Boll measurements), at 54 DAA, AD-AU-1815 provided a similar or
greater reduction in immature bolls when applied at the same mepiquat dose as
Reward.
Example 3:
Field Trial - Dalby, Queensland
A field trial was conducted near Dalby in the Western Down region of Queensland, Australia. The purpose of the trial was to evaluate bioequivalence of the formulation of
the Example 1 (AD-AU-1815) and the commercially registered formulation 'Reward', when used for growth regulation in cotton (Sicot 75BRF).
The treatments were as set out in Table 2, above.
Treatments were applied using a gas operating boom sprayer incorporating four Teejet
TT110015 flat fan nozzles. At an application speed of 1.5 metres per second and a pressure of 200 kPa, treatments were applied in a total volume of 118 L/ha and a
medium quality. The treatments were applied once at BBCH 62.
Detailed assessments were conducted pre-spray, at 4 and 7 weeks after application
(WAA) and at harvest. These included counts of number of nodes above white flower
(NAWF) and crop height
The results are shown in Table 5 (Nodes above white flower), Table 6 (Plant height) and
Table 7 (Mean crop height) below.
Table 5
Mean Number of Nodes Above White Flower (NAWF)
TRT Rate of Dosage Rate Treatment Product Pre-Spray 4 WAA No. (ih) (a.i. g/ ha) (mL/ha)
1 Untreated - - 4.1 2.2 cd
2 REWARD 750 28.5 3.9 2.9 d
3 REWARD 2000 76 4.0 2.3 cd
4 REWARD 4000 152 4.2 1.4 abc
5 AD-AU-1815 75 28.5 4.2 1.6 abc
6 AD-AU-1815 200 76 4.1 1.2 ab
7 AD-AU-1815 400 152 4.2 2.1 bcd
F Probability 0.806 0.014
LSD 5 % ns 0.91
ns= not significant
Means within the same column with a letter in common are not significantly different
(LSD; P > 0.05)
As shown in Table 5 (Mean Number of Nodes Above White Flower), there were significantly fewer nodes (NAWF) in the cotton treated with AD-AU-1815 at 76 g ai/ha, than in the untreated cotton. A rate effect was seen with REWARD with fewer nodes at the 152 g ai/ha rate than at the 28.5 g ai/ha rate. There were fewer nodes (NAWF) on the cotton plants treated with AD-AU-1815 at 28.5 and 76 g ai/ha than with the equivalent rates of REWARD. The application of AD-AU-1815 had a greater effect on growth than REWARD.
Table 6 Mean Crop Height Increase from Pre-Spray Data (cm)
TRT Rate of Dosage Crop height increase (cm) Treatment Product Rate after application No. (mL/ha) (a.i. g/ha) 4 WAA 7 WAA 1 Untreated - - 3.3 c 4.4 c
2 REWARD 750 28.5 0.8 abc 2.0 ab
3 REWARD 2000 76 0.7 ab 0.9 a
4 REWARD 4000 152 0.0 a 0.3 a
5 AD-AU-1815 75 28.5 0.0 a 1.0 ab
6 AD-AU-1815 200 76 0.2 ab 0.3 a
7 AD-AU-1815 400 152 0.2 ab 0.6 a
F Probability 0.004 0.017
LSD 5% 1.39 2.18
WAA = weeks after application ns = not significant
Means within the same column with a letter in common are not significantly different (LSD; P > 0.05)
AD-AU-1815 provided similar or better overall reduction in vegetative growth was as per the results in table 6. Assessments at four and seven weeks after application indicated
than all three rates of AD-AU-1815 reduced the amount of crop height after application.
It will be appreciated from the data in Tables 2 to 6 that the efficacy of the formulation
of the invention is at least comparable to that of the prior art formulation REWARD. In one field trial, the formulation of the invention was more effective than REWARD.
The formulation of the invention, being more concentrated, is more efficient. An
increase in loading from 38 g ae/L to 380 g ae/L represents a 90% reduction in the volume of material to be formulated, transported, stored and applied by the end user.
Claims (5)
1. A soluble concentrate mepiquat formulation having a concentration of mepiquat, present as mepiquat chloride, of about 380 g ae/L, wherein the mepiquat chloride is the only active ingredient in the formulation and wherein the formulation is free from ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer.
2. The formulation of claim 1, which also includes an antifoaming agent and/or a suitable colourant.
3. A method for regulating plant growth in a cotton crop, the method including the step of applying mepiquat to the crop at a dosage rate of 75 to 400 mL/ha, wherein the mepiquat: - is sourced from a soluble concentrate formulation; - is present in the formulation as mepiquat chloride; - has a concentration in the formulation of about 380 g ae/L; and - is the sole active ingredient in the formulation; wherein the formulation is free from any ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the wherein the plant growth to be regulated is fruiting and vegetative growth.
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the mepiquat is applied to the crop at a dosage rate of 75 to 200 mL/ha.
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1230340A (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 1999-10-06 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Synergistic mepiquat chloride and its production |
WO1999052368A1 (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-21 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Plant growth regulator compositions |
US20040031305A1 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2004-02-19 | Reiner Kober | Agents based on a homogenous phase, and stabilisation thereof with ammonium nitrate and use of said agents as bioregulators |
US20040102322A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-05-27 | Reiner Kober | Bioregulatory combination of active agents |
WO2020173675A1 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2020-09-03 | Syngenta Crop Protection Ag | Formulation |
-
2019
- 2019-09-16 AU AU2019101065A patent/AU2019101065B4/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999052368A1 (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-21 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Plant growth regulator compositions |
CN1230340A (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 1999-10-06 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Synergistic mepiquat chloride and its production |
US20040031305A1 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2004-02-19 | Reiner Kober | Agents based on a homogenous phase, and stabilisation thereof with ammonium nitrate and use of said agents as bioregulators |
US20040102322A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-05-27 | Reiner Kober | Bioregulatory combination of active agents |
WO2020173675A1 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2020-09-03 | Syngenta Crop Protection Ag | Formulation |
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