AU2019100307A4 - The present invention uses a new biological monitoring (biomonitoring) technique to monitor the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic environments. - Google Patents
The present invention uses a new biological monitoring (biomonitoring) technique to monitor the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic environments. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2019100307A4 AU2019100307A4 AU2019100307A AU2019100307A AU2019100307A4 AU 2019100307 A4 AU2019100307 A4 AU 2019100307A4 AU 2019100307 A AU2019100307 A AU 2019100307A AU 2019100307 A AU2019100307 A AU 2019100307A AU 2019100307 A4 AU2019100307 A4 AU 2019100307A4
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- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- biomonitoring
- monitor
- shellfish
- effects
- biological monitoring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/186—Water using one or more living organisms, e.g. a fish
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2520/00—Use of whole organisms as detectors of pollution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/07—Hall effect devices
- G01R33/072—Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
Abstract
The valvometer is a biological monitoring system that uses an electronic sensor and a magnet, attached to opposing valves of individual bivalves (shellfish), to monitor behaviour (opening and closing of the shell), which is an excellent indicator of water quality. These devices can be used for conservation as they can detect periods of poor water quality, such as those that result in fish kills, and provide information on the response of aquatic fauna to, for example, marine heat waves and climate change. The can also be used commercially as they can be used to elucidate the best site for commercial shellfish production and also provide information on the condition in which shellfish are feeding, thus potentially leading to improved aquaculture practices. s
Description
VALVOMETERS - BIOMONITORING SYSTEM USING BIVALVES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention uses a new biological monitoring (biomonitoring) technique to monitor the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic environments. Biomonitoring is a monitoring method that uses the changes in the biological response of an organism as an indicator to environmental 'health'. Biomonitoring has several advantages over traditional water parameter measurements, 1) it directly focuses on the fauna, rather on physiological parameters, which are then later postulated to have caused changes in the faunal comities, 2) traditional approaches only focus on a relatively small number of parameters, e.g. dissolved oxygen, temperature, etc., whilst there are millions of possible stressors, 3) traditional measuring equipment is very expensive in comparison to the present invention and 4) in contrast to the present invention water parameter sensors are subject to biofouling and thus require ongoing maintenance.
[0002] The biomonitoring system (valvometer) in accordance to this invention utilises sensors to measure the valve (shell) gaping activity (opening and closing) of bivalve molluscs, such as mussels, clams and oysters. Bivalves are filter feeders which have two valves (shells) that are typically open and are closed through the contraction of an abductor muscle. While they typically remain open for much of the time to undertake normal physiological processes, e.g. to feed and excrete waist, when environmental conditions deteriorate, bivalves close their shells to avoid exposure. The sensor system, which comprises a Linear Hall Effect/Magnetic sensors is used to measure the relative strength of the magnetic field between the sensor and a magnet that are mounted on each opposing valve. Each sensor is connected to a motherboard which facilitates the acquisition of the data which is then either logged to an SD card or live-streamed to the network. While both approaches can be used to elucidate the impact of, for example, marine heat waves and climate change, the live-streamed system can be used to detect periods of poor water quality and thus potentially fish kills before they occur. In the case of the logging system, the electronics are enclosed in a waterproof box along batteries to power the system. In the case of the livestreaming system, the motherboard with network connectivity, dongle and battery will be housed in a surface buoy with solar panels.
2019100307 22 Mar 2019 [003] The proposed devices have a wide range of applications as they provide a measure of the direct effect of the environment on the fauna and can thus be used to elucidate the effects of natural and anthropogenic impacts, from detecting fish kills (due to e.g. low dissolved oxygen conditions) to exploring the effects of heat waves and coral bleaching events on fauna, such as giant clams, which like coral contain zooxanthellae. The valvometer system can also be used to provide information on feeding activity in commercial shellfish aquaculture farms to help improve production.
The invention may be better understood with reference to the illustrations of embodiments of the invention which:Figure 1 is the top view of the inside of the waterproof housing 1, which comprises of a 3D printed shell reinforced with fibreglass. The unit is powered by four batteries 2, which lead, via a voltage regulator and an on/off switch 6, to and Arduino NANO (not shown in diagram) mounted on a custom circuit board 5 (see also Fig4). The circuit board uses thirteen of the NANO's output pins, eight of which are analog and are used for receiving data 17, two are for power 17 and three at the bottom of the circuit board are connected to the NANOs digital pins for a MOSFET, SD Card and temperature sensor (optional). The NANO initially stores the sensor data on its internal EPROM memory and once it's reached its capacity it uploads the data to the SD Card. This greatly reduces the number of times the SD Card is open to conserve power. The sensor readings can be taken at any intervals via a cable 7. When the sensors are not in use, they are turned off using a MOSFET (to conserve power). The sensors 9, which are ~5mm in width, are housed in a custom housing 10 (see also Fig 3) for easy attachment to bivalves. The housing comprises a tube 13 for the sensor to sit in, which is then filled with epoxy resin to ensure it remains waterproof and a magnet 15 is inserted in the rectangle part 14. The SD card and motherboard both have covers (11 and 12, respectively) and a 3D printed lid, likewise reinforced with fibreglass is used, in conjunction with a neoprene gasket and six stainless steel bolts, to ensure the components remain dry.
In Figure 5, the live-streaming system comprises a surface buoy 1 powered by a Arduino Mega and
Yun Shield powered by a 12 volt battery (contained in 4) which is recharged by solar 2. As with the logger, data is acquired through Linear Hall Effect/Magnetic sensors 6 by a cable 5.
2019100307 22 Mar 2019
Editorial Note
There is one page of claims only
2019100307 22 Mar 2019
Claims (1)
- The claims defining the invention are1. The use of magnetic sensors to monitor the valve gaping activity of bivalve molluscs.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019100307A AU2019100307A4 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | The present invention uses a new biological monitoring (biomonitoring) technique to monitor the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic environments. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019100307A AU2019100307A4 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | The present invention uses a new biological monitoring (biomonitoring) technique to monitor the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic environments. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2019100307A4 true AU2019100307A4 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
Family
ID=66285971
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019100307A Ceased AU2019100307A4 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | The present invention uses a new biological monitoring (biomonitoring) technique to monitor the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic environments. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2019100307A4 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111812290A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-23 | 山东建筑大学 | Water pollution monitoring biosensor, monitoring system and monitoring method |
-
2019
- 2019-03-22 AU AU2019100307A patent/AU2019100307A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111812290A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-23 | 山东建筑大学 | Water pollution monitoring biosensor, monitoring system and monitoring method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| MK21 | Patent ceased section 101c(b)/section 143a(c)/reg. 9a.4 - examination under section 101b had not been carried out within the period prescribed |